final preen tat ion 1

8/8/2019 Final Preen Tat Ion 1

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Gurdeepak Singh

Gurvir Kaur Gill

Roll Number:-4003,4004

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, Patiala

INTEL-80386

Architecture

PRESENTATION


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Type Of Processor Intel 80386

Produced From 1985 to Sept.2007Common

manufacturer(s)

Intel, AMD, IBM

Max. CPU clock 12MHz to 40MHz

Min. Feature Size 1.5m to 1m

Instruction Set X86(IA-32)

Packages 132-pin PGA,132-pin PQFP


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Introduction toIntel-80386

a 32-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel

in 1985.The 32-bit registers and data paths support

32-bit addresses and data.

The processor can address up to fourgigabytes of physical memory and 64

terabytes (2^(46) bytes) of virtual memory


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Introduction toIntel-80386

It had two versions:-The i386SX variant, The i386SLvariant

This is termed asx86,IA-32, orthe i386

and was a advanced processor than 80286.


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Main Features

The 80386 could correctly execute code

intended for earlier 16-bit x86 processors

such as the 80286

1.The 80386 (commonly known as the

"386 chip") could handle four million

operations per second and handle memory

up to four gigabytes (4,294,967,296).

On chip Memory Management facilities:On chip Memory Management facilities:--

Address translation registers


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Main Featuresmultitasking hardware, a protection

mechanism, paged virtual memory

Special debugging Registers

Embedded systems that utilize a 80386 or

one of its derivatives are widely used in

aerospace technology.

converting large 8086/80286 programs tothe 80386 can produce dramatic increases in

performance.


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AddressingModes Direct, Register Indirect

Based Mode

Indexed Mode

Scaled Indexed Mode

Based Indexed mode

Based scaled indexed mode Based Indexed mode with displacement

Based scaled indexed mode with

displacement


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The processing modes of the 80386

GS

The processing modes of the 80386 determines the features that are accessible

Note : Major new feature in the i386 CPU was

80386 protected mode - this mode fixed many

shortcomings that existed in the 80286

processor and in the 80286 protected mode:

Three Types

Protected Mode

Real-Address Mode

Virtual Mode


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Interrupts

Interrupts are asynchronous events typically

triggered by external devices needingattention.

two sources for external interrupts:-

Maskable interrupts, which are signalled via theINTR pin.

Nonmaskable interrupts, which are signalled

via the NMI (Non-Maskable Interrupt) pin.


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InterruptsDivide errorDebug exceptions

Nonmaskable interrupt

Breakpoint (one-byte INT 3 instruction)

Overflow (INTO instruction)

Bounds check (BOUND instruction)

Invalid opcode

Coprocessor not available

Double fault


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InterruptsInvalid TSS

Segment not present

Stack exception

General protection

Page fault

Coprocessor error

Available for external interrupts via INTR pin


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Operating Systems

The 386 processor family enables a range of

low- cost, high- performance entry- levelsystem designs capable of running the entire

installed base of DOS, MS- Windows,

OS/2, UNIX, and RTOS applications

written for the Intel architecture.


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Drawbacks Intel originally intended for the 80386 to debut at

16MHz. However, due to poor yields, it was

instead introduced at 12MHz. Intel discovered a bug that could cause a system to

unexpectedly halt when running 32-bit software.

The i387 math coprocessor was not ready in time

for the introduction of the 80386, and so many ofthe early 80386 motherboards instead provided a

socket and hardware logic to make use of an

80287


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MAP INFOSOFTWARE

Used to save all kind of

information of every site init and can easily find thelocation of site on earth toinsert latitude and longitudeof every site.

Also save angles of GSMantennas of various sites ,information about variouslinks.


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HANDOVER

Cell 1 Cell 2

--- Handover is a process by which the control/communication

of a Mobile is transferred from one cell to another


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DRIVE TEST

Used to health check up of the Network.

It requires:

GPS (Global Positioning System)

A Mobile Set

CablesAccessories

Net Moniter Software


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GPS


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