final report march 19, 2003 25863 - world bank€¦ · final report march 19, 2003 25863 pakistan...

Final ReportMarch 19, 2003

25863Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Social AssessmentPhase I

India

National Highway Authority, Pakistan

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Social Assessment ofPakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Contents

1. Introduction ........................................... 1-11.1 Project Background .................................................. 1-1

1.2 Scope of Work ................................................. 1-5

1.3' Resettlement and Land Acquisition ................................................. 1-5

1.4 Regulatory Requirements ................................................. 1-6

1.5 Objectives of Social Assessment .................................... 1-6

1.6 Delineation of Project Corridor ................................................. 1-71.6.1 Delineating the Right of Way ................................................. 1-71.6.2 Delineating the Corridor of Impact ................................................. 1-7

1.7 Identification of Stakeholder Groups ................................................. 1-9

1.8 Report Structure ................................................. 1-9

2. Methodology . . . ....................... 2-1

2.1 Socioeconomic Baseline Survey ........... .. ................ 2-12.1.1 Survey Components ............................. 2-22.1.2 Survey Approach ............................. 2-2

2.2 Census of Project-Affected Persons .................................. 2-32.2.1 Census Components ................................................. 2-32.2.2 Census Approach ................................................. 2-4

3. Socioeconomic Profile of Project-Affected Persons ................... 3-13.1 Demographic Profile ...................................... F 3-13.2 Economic Profile ....................................... 3-2

3.2.1 Nature of Business/Occupation ...................................... 3-23.2.2 Income and Expenditure Patterns ................... ................... 3-2

3.3 Other Socioeconomic Indicators ................ ...................... 3-33.3.1 Access to Credit ...................................... 3-33.3.2 Housing Characteristics and Amenities ...................................... 3-43.3.3 Access to Social Amenities . ...................................... -43.3.4 Gender Analysis ...................................... 3-43.3.5 Social Infrastructure ...................................... 3-4

4. Census of Project-Affected Persons . ............................ 4-14.1 Distribution of Project-Affected Persons .............................. ........ 41

03/19/03 Contentsii

Social Assessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

4.1.1 Nature of Business/Occupation .................................................. 4-24.1.2 Income Patterns and Vulnerability .................................................. 4-7

4.2 Commercial Structures Within the Col .................................................. 4-74.2.1 Replacement Cost of Structures .................................................. 4-204.2.2 Ownership Documentation .................................. ................ 4-204.2.3 Alternative Arrangements for Resettlement .................................... 4-21

5. Public Consultation . . . ........................................ 5-15.1 General Stakeholder Workshops .................................................. 5-1

5.1.1 Workshops Organized by EIA Consultants ....................................... 5-15.1.2 Workshops Organized by ARUP .................................................. 5-3

5.2 Scoping Sessions ................................................... 5-4

5.3 Roadside Consultations ....................... ........................... 5-7

5A Resettlement Issues .................................................. 5-8

5.5 Address of Stakeholder Concerns .................................... 5-9

6. Land Acquisition, Resettlement, and Compensation .... 6-16.1 Land Requirements and Occupation .................................................. 6-1

6.2 Process of Land Acquisition ........................................ 6-1

6.3 Impact on Squatters' Settlements .................................... 6-26.3.1 Demarcation of Area of Impact .................................................... 6-26.3.2 Displacement of Squatters Under Phase I ........................................ 6-2

6.4 Entitlement Policy Framework Under Resettlement Plan . ................. 6-86.4.1 Extent of Resettlement Under Phase I ........................................... 6-10

6.5 Resettlement Monitoring Plan ...................................... 6-16

6.6 Institutional Arrangements ........................................ 6-16

6.7 Proposed Resettlement Budget ......... ................... 6-17

Appendices

Appendix A: Census and Socioeconomic Survey Forms . A-1

Appendix B: Record of Public Consultations .B-1

OT19103 Contents

iii

Social Assessment of Pakistan Highway Aehahilitation Project

Exhibits

Exhibit 1.1 Project Corridor: the N5 and Karachi-HyderabadSuper Highway (M9) ................................................... 1-2

Exhibit 1.2 Sections Proposed for Improvement Under the National HighwayImprovement Program (Group 1) ................................................... 1-4

Exhibit 1.3 Sections Proposed for Improvement Under the Pakistan HighwayRehabilitation Project, Phase I ................................................... 1-5

Exhibit 1.4 Corridor of Impact (Col 1) Limits for Phase I Sections ............. ............. 1-8

Exhibit 3.1 Demographic Profile of Phase I Sections .............................................. 3-1

Exhibit 3.2 Annual and Per Capita Income Patterns ............................................... 3-2

Exhibit 3.3 Food and Non-Food Expenditure Pattems ........................................... 3-3

Exhibit 3.4 Access to Credit and Credit Use Pattems ............................................. 3-3

Exhibit 3.5 Social Infrastructure for Phase I Sections ............................................. 3-4

Exhibit 4.1 Distribution of Project-Affected Person Households .............................. 4-1

Exhibit 4.2 Profile of Project-Affected Persons on the Hyderabad-HIala Section .... 4-3

Exhibit 4.3 Profile of Project-Affected Persons on the Hala-Moro Section ............. 4-5

Exhibit 4.4 Income and Vulnerability Status of Project-Affected Persons ......... ...... 4-7

Exhibit 4.5 PAPs' Structures Within the Col 1 ................................................... 4-8

Exhibit 4.6 Typical Shops Along the Project Corridor ............................................. 4-9

Exhibit 4.7 Squatters' Kiosks Within the Col ................................................... 4-10

Exhibit 4.8 Encroachments Along the Project Corridor ......................................... 4-10

Exhibit 4.9 Squatters' Sheds Within the Col ................................................... 4-11

Exhibit 4.10 Mobile Vendors Within the Col . 4-11

Exhibit 4.11 PAP-Owned Structures in Khyber Village(Hyderabad-Hala Section) . 4-12

Exhibit 4.12 PAP-Owned Structures in Scattered Locations(Hyderabad-Hala Section) . 4-14

Exhibit 4.13 PAP-Owned Structures in Sabu Rahu Village (Hala-Moro Section) ... 4-16

Exhibit 4.14 PAP-Owned Structures in Dino and Goth Panhal Khan Villages(Hala-Moro Section . 4-18

Exhibit 4.15 Present Values and Replacement Costs of PAP-Owned Structures ... 4-20

03/19/03 Exhibits

iv

SocialAssessment of Pakistan HighwayRehabilitation Project

Exhibit 5.1 Record of Public Consultation Sessions ............................................... 5-5

Exhibit 6.1 Squatters' Structures Within Col 1 of Phase I Sections ........... ............. 6-3

Exhibit 6.2 Potential Project-Affected Persons on the Hyderabad-Hala Section .... 6-4

Exhlbit.6.3 Potential Project-Affected Persons on the Hala-Moro Section ........ ..... 6-6

Exhibit 6.4 Entitlement Policy Framework Matrix Under Resettlement Plan ......... 6-11

Exhibit 6.5 Proposed Resettlement Budget for Phase I ........................................ 6-18

03119/03 Exhibits


1. Introduction

1.1 Project BackgroundThe N5 Highway stretches across the Karachi-Lahore-Rawalpindi-Peshawar-Torkhamcorridor for over 1,760 km (see Exhibit 1.1 for a map of the project area). It is the mainartery connecting the provinces of NWFP, Punjab, and Sindh, and serves more than halfthe country's inter-city traffic. The Karachi-Hyderabad Super Highway (M9) provides ahigh-speed alternative route to the N5 from Karachi to Hyderabad at the southern end ofthe highway.

The continuing rise in road traffic in Pakistan has not been matched by the adequate ortimely maintenance and improvement of the country's highways and roads. The scaleand rate of degradation of the highway system has also had an adverse impact on thenational and human environment. The N5, which currently,supports the bulk of thecountry's commercial traffic, is a clear case in point.

The National Highways Improvement Program (NHIP) was developed to address theincreasing degradation of Pakistan's national highway system. Framedjointlyby theNational Highway Authority (NHA) and World Bank based on a strategic networkanalysis carried out using the Highway Design and Maintenance (HDM) module, theNHIP will be implemented in three phases over a ten-year period (2001-2010). Thehighway sections that fall under the NHIP have been divided into three groups prioritizedaccording to need and source of funding. The highway sections originally proposed forimprovement under Group I included 13 sections of the N5 and one 48 km-section of theKarachi-Hyderabad Super Highway (M9), aimed at upgrading roughly 1,100 km of roadaltogether.

However, in order to remain within the project budget, only 12 of these 14 sections willbe upgraded under the World Bank-financed Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project(PHRP). Exhibit 1.2 provides details of the highway proposed for improvement underGroup I of the NHIP. The PHRP, henceforth referred to as 'the project' in this do6ument,involves the rehabilitation of 534 km, and resurfacing of 336 km of highway, upgradingabout 870 km of road altogether in two phases. Exhibit 1.3 provides details of thesections (collectively referred to as the 'project corridor') proposed for improvementunder Phase 1.

From a social perspective, the potential negative impact of the project manifests itself inthe following: the physical relocation of those people settled within the project corridor;the loss of land and/or other physical assets; and loss of access to livelihood. Thisdocument examines the social factors that affect the development impact of Phase I of thePHRP, and describes strategies for compensation based on the principle that people shallnot suffer net losses as a result of the project, in accordance with Pakistani law and theWorld Bank's policy guidelines (see Scction 1.3).

3/19/03 Introduction1-1

SocialAssessment of Pakistan iHighway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 1.1: Project Corridor: the N5 and Karachi-Hyderabad Super Highway (M9)

(See following page)

3/19/03 Introduction

1-2

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SocialAssessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 1.2: Sections Proposed for Improvement Under the National HighwayImprovement Program (Group I)

July 2003-June 2007

Highway Segment Length (kin) Length (km)

Selected sections for rehabilitation and maintenance urider ICB:

M9 ECW (Sindh) Karachi-Hyderabad 30 48

N5 ECW (Sindh) Hyderabad-Hala 48 45

N5 ECW (Sindh) Hala-Mom 89 79

N5 ECW (Sindh) Moro-Kotri Kabir-Ranipur 88 88

N5 ECW (Sindh) Pano Aqil-Ubauro 61 -

N5 ECW (Sindh) Ubauro-Sheikh Wahan 51 -

N5 ECW (Punjab) Bahawalpur-Multan-Qadirpur Rawan 120 71

N5 ECW (Punjab) Mian Channu-Sahiwal (NB and SB) 73 46

N5 ECW+ACW (Punjab) Lahore-Gujranwala (NB and SB) 6 lanes 100 100

N5 ECW+ACW (Punjab) Tumol-Chablat (NB and SB) 68 57

Total rehabilitation and maintenance 728 534

Selected sections for resurfacing and strengthening under ICB/NCB:

N5 ACW (Punjab) Mian Channu-Sahiwal-Okara (NB and SB) 102 102

N5 ECW+ACW (Punjab) Gujranwala-Khanan (NB and SB) 144 106

N5 ECW (Punjab) Kharian-Rawalpindi (NB and SB) 60 60

N5 ECW (NWFP) Nowshera-Peshawar (NB and SB) 64 68

Total resurfacing and strengthening 370 336

Total Group I 1,098 870

a Length originally proposed for Improvement under NHIP

b Actual length proposed for Improvement under PHRP


Social Assessment of Pakisltan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 1.3: Sections Proposed for Improvement Under the Pakistan HighwayRehabilitation Project, Phase I

Rehabilitation Resurfacing andNo. Highway Section and Malntenance Strengthening

Projects (km) Projects (km)

- Karachi-Hyderabad a 30 -

(ECW/NB)

2. Hyderabad-Hala (ECW/SB) 45 -

3. Hala-Moro (ECW/SB) 79 -

4. Tumol-Chablat (ECW/ACW SB+NB) 57 -

5. Gujranwala-Khanan - 57 (NB)(ECW/ACW SB+NB) 49 (SB)

6. Nowshera-Peshawar (ECW/ACW SB+NB) - 68

Total 211 174

a All sectons isted are part of the N5 except for Section 1. which is part of the Karachi-Hyderabad Super Highway.

Note:

ECW: Existing carriageway SB: Southbound

ACW: Additional carriageway NB: Northbound

1.2 Scope of Work

The highway sections proposed for improvement under Phase I of the project have beenclassified as either rehabilitation and n7aintenance projects (RMP) or resutfacing andstrengthening projects (RSP). RMP works include those sections of the project corridorthat need major reconstruction work, and the provision of public services in ribbondevelopment areas where necessary. These sections include:

* Karachi-Hyderabad

*- Hyderabad-Hala

* Hala-Moro

* Tumol-Chablat.

RSP works concern those sections of the project corridor that are already built accordingto design, and essentially require asphalt overlay to extend their service life. Thesesections include:

* Gujranwala-Kharian

*- Nowshera-Peshawar.

1.3 Resettlement and Land Acquisition

The proposed rehabilitation works under Phase I will be divided among nine contractpackages, covering the construction of additional carriageways, and involving

3/19/03 Introduction

1-5


earthworks, drainage provision, and intersection remodeling. Land will be leased on atemporary basis for setting up campsites and for acquiring earth fill. Permanent landacquisition is not envisaged in Phase I, and as far as possible, highway construction willbe confined within the existing right of way (RoW) of the NHA (see Section 1.6.1). Atotal of 28 commercial structures, including 14 mobile vendor units, will need to berelocated under Phase I.

1.4 Regulatory RequirementsThe Land Acquisition Act, 1894, regulates the acquisition of land and built-up property,and damage to other assets such as crops, trees, and infrastructure. It recognizes onlyformal, registered title to land, and makes no provisions for people withinformal/unregistered or usufruct rights, who are likely to suffer loss of assets and/orlivelihood as a result of the project. However, the lack of legal tenure does not negate animpact or the need for mitigation.' Accordingly, the government's Draft ResettlementPolicy is intended to address the rehabilitation and resettlement of disrupted populationsand the restoration of their livelihoods, providing a basis for managing the resettlementneeds arising from the project. However, this policy has not yet been finalized.

The objective of the Bank's resettlement policy (Operational Directive 4.30) is to ensurethat the population displaced by a project is correspondingly benefited. Displacedpersons should be: (i) compensated for their losses at full replacement cost prior torelocation; (ii) assisted with relocation and supported during the transition period; and(iii) assisted in improving or at least, restoring their former living standards, incomeearning capacity, and production levels. These concerns are addressed in the entitlementpolicy framework outlined in Section 6.4. The Bank also requires communityparticipation in planning and implementing resettlement; this is described in Section 5."

1.5 Objectives of Social Assessment

The social assessment was carried out in order to:

* Identify stakeholders and impacts on indigenous people

*. Identify poor and vulnerable groups, and strategies to ensure that such groupsbenefit from the project

* Ensure adequate stakeholder consultation and participation.

Stakeholder identification is carried out to ascertain which groups of people are affectedby the project, and the extent of that impact, based on their proximity to the corridor.This requires the project corridor to be delineated as clearly as possible, and is describedin Section 1.6 below.

' Environrental and Social Impact Considerations Report: Prefeasibility Study of N5, Louis BergerIntemational, Inc., June 1998.

3/19103 Introduction1-6


1.6 Delineation of Project Corridor

The project corridor is delineated according to two criteria: the right of way (RoW),which the NHA is legally entitled to, and the corridor of impact (CoI), ie, the width of thecorridor that will be impacted, directly or indirectly, by the project during theconstruction and operation phases. These are described in detail in the followingsections.

1.6.1 Delineating the Right of Way

The N5 and Karachi-Hyderabad Super Highway (M9) have well-defined RoWs thatrange from 35 to 1 10 m in width. The RoW varies from section to section and in somecases, even within a section. For each section, major construction work will generallyremain confined within the RoW, although temporary facilities may extend beyond it (seeSection 1.2).

1.6.2 Delineating the Corridor of Impact

For the purposes of this study, the Col has been divided into two zones, Col I and CoI 2.The social assessment is concerned largely with the CoI 1, which marks the limit withinwhich the direct impact of construction activities is expected to take place, ie, in thiscontext, the displacement or relocation of people. This limit will vary along the length ofthe project corridor according to site-specific conditions. The Col 1 limits for Phase Isections are surmmarized in Exhibit 1.4. The approach followed in delineating the Col 1for RMP sections is outlined below.

Open Areas

In areas where there are no squatter settlements within the RoW, the Col I will extend upto 2.5 m from the construction limit, ie, where the toe-ditch/drain along the embankmentunder the upgraded design ends.

Ribbon Development Areas

In areas where squatters have established businesses within the RoW, the Col I will bekept as close as possible to the construction limit. Given that ribbon developmenttypically extends about 200 or 300 m from the highway, construction work will not behindered since there is enough open area beyond the ribbon development strips for themovement of construction machinery. Most squatter-owned structures are temporarykiosks and their owners have indicated their willingness to shift farther away from theroadside once construction work begins.

Open Areas With Minor Ribbon Development

The Col 1 limit will be kept site-specific in opcn areas where odd settlements or minorribbon developments exist within the RoW. Where squatters have raised the level oftheir occupied area to the road level, the distance of the construction limit from thecentral line of the carriageway is much shorter than it would have been if theembankment were resting on natural ground. The Col 1 limit of 2.5 m from theconstruction limit fixed for open areas will therefore apply. However, where squatters'

3119/03 Introduction

1-7

Social Assessment ofPakirtan Highway Rehabilitation Project

structures are located on natural ground with enough margin for the construction of anembankment and toe ditch/drain, the CoI 1 limit will be kept as near the constructionlimit as possible in order to avoid unnecessary resettlement.

Exhibit 1.4: Corridor of Impact (CoIl 1) Limits for Phase I Sections

Chainage Open Areas Resticted Areasb

Construction Limits c Col 1c (m) Construction Col ic (im)

Max. Min. Weighted LimRs '(m)

Section . From To (m) (m) Average(Mn)

Karachl- 119 149 Construction limit will Constructon Construction ConstructionHyderabad extend to the edge of the limit + 1 m or limit will limit + 1 m(RMP) shoulder up to toe of extend to

embankment, the edge ofwhichever is the shouldergreater on either

side of thesection

Hyderabad 162 + 210 + 13.0 10.2 11 3 13.8 7.4 7.4-Hala 770 480(RMP)

Hala-Moro 214 + 317 + 13. 10.8 11 8 14.3 7.4 1.4(RMP) 850 771 3

Gujranwal 1,320 1,410 Construction limit will Constructon Construction Construciona-Kharian extend to the edge of the limit + 1 m or limit will limit + 1 m(RSP) shoulder on either side of up to toe of extend to

the section embankment, the edge ofwhichever is the shouldergreater on either

side of thesection

Tumol- 1,555 1,589 Constructon limit will Constructon Constructon ConstructonChablat + 000 + 000 extend to the edge of the limit + 1 m or limit will limit + 1 m(RMP) shoulder on either side of up to toe of extend to

the secton embankment, the edge ofwhichever is the shouldergreater on either

side of thesection

Nowshera- 1,660 1,694 Construchon limit will Construction Construction ConstructionPeshawar + 000 + 000 extend to the edge of the limit + 1 m or limit will limit + 1 m(RSP) shoulder on either side of up to toe of extend to

the sechon embankment, the edge ofwhichever is the shouldergreater on either

side of thesection

a Col 1 for open areas will be the weighted-average of the construcbton limit for open areas + 2 5 m for RMP

b Col 1 for resbicted areas will be the construction limit in restricted areas for RMP

c From center of ECW

3119103 Introduction1-S

Social Asessvment of Pakistan Highway Rehahilitation Project

1.7 Identification of Stakeholder GroupsBased on the delineation of the project corridor described in Section 1.6, two groups ofstakeholders have been identified for the purposes of the social assessment. These are asfollows:

1. Project-affected persons (PAPs) resident or operating businesses within the CoI 1,and subject to a direct impact requiring relocation.

2. The general population resident or operating businesses along the projectcorridor, who may be subject to an indirect impact on their business operation oraccess to houses during the construction period

1.8 Report Structure

Section 2 outlines the research methodology used in this study; Section 3 presents theresults of the census documenting the number and status of project-affected personslocated within the Col; Section 4 provides a socioeconomic profile of a sample of thegeneral population settled within the RoW; Section 5 summarizes the main concernsraised by stakeholders during various public consultations; and Section 6 assesses theoverall social impact of the project and explains issues arising from land acquisition andresettlement.


Social Assessment ofPakLtan Highway Rehahilitation Project

2. Methodology

This section outlines the methodology used in collecting and analyzing data to assess thesocial impact of Phase I of the PHRP. The assessment is based on two surveys:

*' A socioeconomic baseline survey to develop an overall profile of the populationsettled along the project corridor.

* A census to document the number and economic status of project-affectedpersons (PAPs) settled in the Col 1(see Section 2.2).

Prior to these surveys, a reconnaissance level screening was carried out within the RoWto verify the presence of a project-affected population settled along the project corridor,and gauge the possible impact of the project in terms of loss of shelter and livelihood.This initial assessment was used to provide a background for the census andsocioeconomic baseline survey carried out subsequently.

The methodology used in carrying out and documenting the results of both surveys isdescribed in the following sections.

2.1 Socioeconomic Baseline Survey

A sample survey was carried out for each Phase I section, apart from Karachi-Hyderabad, in order to develop a socioeconomic baseline of the general populationsettled within the RoW of the project corridor. The purpose of these surveys was toprovide a collective baseline against which to appraise mitigation measures and support(see Section 5.5). In view of the time and budgetary constraints on this assessment, thesocioeconomic profile developed for RoW is taken as indicative of the profile of PAPswithin the Col.

2.1.1 Survey Components

The survey documented the following features of the sample population settled within theRoW:

* Demographic characteristics 2

* Education and literacy rates3

* Nature of business/occupation

* Annual and per capita income

I Subsequently referred to as Col in this document, unless olherwise specified.

2 District Census Reports, Population Census Organization, Statistics Division, Govemmcnt of Pakistan.

3 Ibid.

3/19103 Methodology

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*' Household expenditure patterns

* Access to credit

* Women's participation in household decision-making

* Housing characteristics and amenities

* Social infrastructure, eg, mosques, graveyards.

2.1.2 Survey ApproachData for the baseline surveys was collected through detailed focus group discussions andindividual interviews with the help of a structured questionnaire (form SA-1 3 attached aspart of Appendix A) that had been pre-tested in the field, and circulated within the NHAand World Bank. An average sample size of 17% was used to represent each Phase Isection.

2.2 Census of Project-Affected Persons

A 100% census was carried out for each of the Phase I sections apart from Karachi-Hyderabad and Nowshera-Peshawar, neither of which have any resident population orbusinesses located within the Col. The purpose of each census was to register anddocument the number and status of PAPs likely to be physically displaced as a result ofthe project and therefore entitled to compensation. This process helps to facilitatecompensation, resettlement and rehabilitation under the entitlement policy frameworkdiscussed in Section 6.4. The census included people occupying parts of the Col forshelter, business purposes, or other sources of livelihood.

2.2.1 Census Components

The census documented the following features of the Col:

* Number of PAPs settled within the Col

* Nature of business/occupation

. Types and value of structures/assets owned

* Replacement cost of structures/assets

* Ownership documentation, if any

* Annual and per capita income

* Vulnerable groups (identified as below the povcrty line)

* Alternative arrangements for resettlement, if any.

Project-affected persons were classified as one of the following:

1. Squatter-owners/business operators

2. Squatter-tenants/business operators

3. Squatter employees

3/19/03 Methodology2-2

Socia1Assessnient ofPakLtan Highway Rehabilitation Project

4. Absentee owners

5. Encroachers.

The date of each census will be considered as the cut-off date for entitlements (seeSection 6.4) under the project, to determine who may be entitled to support. Peoplemoving into the Col after this cut-off date will not be entitled to any compensation.

In addition, the census documented a number of suitable resettlement sites within theRoW and in close proximity to areas where the displacement of people was likely.

2.2.2 Census Approach

Data for the census was collected through detailed focus group discussions and individualinterviews with the help of structured questionnaires that were pre-tested in the field, andcirculated within the NHA and World Bank. Forms SA-I 1 and SA-12 were used totarget squatter residents (both owners and tenants) and squatter business operators (bothowners and tenants).4 Both forns are attached as part of Appendix A.

The following steps were taken to ensure as great a level of accuracy as possible:

o The CoI was demarcated by NHA-appointed engineering consultants and furtherverified by environmental assessment consultants.

* Interviews/group discussions were carried out as efficiently as possible bypublicizing times and venues convenient to most of the local population.

Each census was carried out by a four-member team consisting of sociologistsresponsible for documenting socioeconomic parameters; and engineers managingtechnical data such as the demarcation of the Col, and details regarding structures,replacement cost, and physical measurements.

4 Although two different forms were used, it was found thal all squatter residents settled within the Col alsooperated businesses (see Section 4).

3/19Wc3 Methodology2-3

Social Asveument ofPakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

3. Socioeconomic Profile of Project-AffectedPersons

This section presents the collective results of the socioeconomic baseline surveys carriedout for sample populations settled along the following Phase I sections:

* Hyderabad-Hala

* Hala-Moro

* Turnol-Chablat

* Gujranwala-Kharian

* Nowshera-Peshawar.

As discussed in Section 2.1, the purpose of the sample surveys was to build asocioeconomic baseline of the population settled within the RoW of the project corridor,in order to create an indicative profile of PAPs located in the Col, and provide acollective baseline against which to appraise mitigation measures and support (seeSection 5.4).

3.1 Demographic Profile

The proportion of male to females among the sample population was found to be in therange of 56.3-63.8% and 29.6-43.8%, respectively, along different highway sections.The average number of family members per household was calculated to be 6.3, rangingbetween 4.0 on the Hyderabad-Hala section, to 8.0 on the Nowshera-Peshawar section.The literacy rate among the sample population ranges between 33 to 51% among men,and is almost half that among women. Detailed demographic information for the Phase Isections is included in Exhibit 3.1.

Exhibit 3.1: Demographic Profile of Phase I Sections

Gender CompositionAverage G Literacy Rate (V.)Section Family Male Female Sex Ratio

Size (%) (/) Male Female Overall Male Female

Hyderabad-Hala 4.0 56.3 43.8 54 42 61.5 40.6 20.8

Hala-Moro 4.5 64.9 35.1 124 67 57.1 44.0 13.1

Gujranwala-Kharian 5.3 58.1 41.9 61 44 51.4 33.3 18.1

Tumol-Chablat 5.7 59.0 41.0 151 105 50.0 35.2 14.8

Nowshera-Peshawar 8.0 63.8 36.2 51 29 67.5 51.3 16.3

03119/03 Socioeconomic Profile of Project-Affected Persons3-1

Social Assesvment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

3.2 Economic Profile

3.2.1 Nature of Business/Occupation

The socioeconomic baseline survey revealed that roughly 62% of the population settledalong the project corridor operates roadside general stores; 2% run small medical stores;10% manage vehicle workshops; 1% own garments shops; 10% are employed as semi-skilled or unskilled labor; and 15% are involved in other occupations.

3.2.2 Income and Expenditure Patterns

Annual and Per Capita Income

Based on the data summarized in Exhibit 3.2, the average annual income per householdwas calculated to be Rs. 76,220. On a per capita basis, the average anmual incomeamounted to Rs. 13,143, varying between Rs. 10,598 on the Tumol-Chablat section, andRs. 20,040 on the Nowshera-Peshawar section. Section-wise details are provided inExhibit 3.2.

Exhibit 3.2: Annual and Per Capita Income Patterns

Sectfon Household Income Average (Rs) Per Capita Income Average (Rs)

Annual Monthly Annual Monthly

Hyderabad-Hala 47,350 3,946 11,838 164.4

Hala-Moro 57,400 4,783 12,622 113.9 .;

Gujranwala-Khanan 55,740 4,645 10,617 232.3

Tumol-Chablat 60,293 5,024 10,598 111.7

Nowshera-Peshawar 160,320 13,360 20,040 1336.0

Household Expenditure Patterns

Total annual household expenditure on food and non-food items ranges between anaverage of Rs. 22,708 on the Gujranwala-Kharian section and Rs 49,357 on theHyderabad-Hala section, producing an average annual expenditure of Rs 38,068. Theratio between food and non-food expenditure ranges between 83.8 and 16.2%respectively on the Hyderabad-Hala section, and 90.9 and 9.1% on the Turnol-Chablatsection. Section-wise details are provided in Exhibit 3.3.

03/19/03 Socioeconomic Profile of Project-Affected Persons3-2

Social Assevsment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 3.3: Food and Non-Food Expenditure Patterns

Section ~Food Percentage of Non-Food Percentage opf ToaSection Expenditure Total Income Expenditure Total Income Total

(RS) (Rs)Hyderabad-Hala 49,357 83.8 9,533 16.2 58,974

Hala-Moro 43,659 86.5 6,798 13.5 50,544

Gujranwala-- 22,708 88.3 3,019 11.7 25,815Kharian

Tumool-Chablat 36,223 90.9 3,619 9.1 39,933

Nowshera- 38,397 86.3 6,089 13.7 44,572Peshawar

3.3 Other Socioeconomic Indicators

3.3.1 Access to Credit

The proportion of sample respondents with access to credit ranged between 14.3% on theHala-Moro section, and 40% on the Nowshera-Peshawar section. The average amountof loan procured was Rs. 4,875 along Hyderabad-Hala and Rs. 60,000 along Gujranwala-Kharian. Most respondents had procured credit for business and domestic use. Section-wise details are provided in Exhibit 3.4.

Exhibit 3.4: Access to Credit and Credit Use Patterns

Purpose of Credit Procured (°/)

Proportion of Average Loan o .i i ;Credit-Users Amount (Rs) a, m , CD o

Hyderabad-Hala 16.7 4,875 25 0 25.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0

Hala-Moro 14.3 5.750 0.0 0.0 25.0 25.0 50.0 0.0

Gujranwala-Kharian 15 0 60,000 33 0 0 0 67.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tumol-Chablat 17.8 89,125 0.0 50.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 25.0

Nowshera-Peshawar 40.0 27,425 0 0 50 0 25 0 0.0 0 0 25.0

03/19/03 Socioeconomic Profile of Project-Affected Persons

3-3


3.3.2 Housing Characteristics and Amenities

More than 50% of the sample population surveyed owned their own houses under a statusof simple ownership along the Phase I sections, a majority of which had built their housesof brick and cement.

3.3.3 Access to Social Amenities

More than 50% of the sample population had access to drinking water along the Phase Isections. Access to electricity ranged between 100% and 88.1% on the Nowshera-Peshawar and Hala-Moro sections, respectively. On average, one-third of the samplepopulation had access to Sui gas along the Phase I sections.

3.3.4 Gender Analysis

Women's participation in decision-making was found to be low along almost all thePhase I sections. The extent of women's involvement tends to remain confined todomestic matters, the education of thcir children, family health, and to a lesser extent, thepurchase/sale of property.

3.3.5 Social Infrastructure

Exhibit 3.5 indicates the extent of social infrastructure located within the RoW of thePhase I sections. This includes 24 mosques, 11 graveyards, 85 hand pumps/wells, fourshrines, 40 policc posts and 151 clectricity/telephone poles.

Exhibit 3.5: Social Infrastructurc for Phase I Sections

Community-Owned Property Public Property

Section Welis/ Police ElectricitlMosques Graveyards Hand Shrines Posts Telephone

Pumps Poles

Hyderabad-Hala 7 2 4 _ p1.1 11

Hala-Moro 4 2 14 - 5 25

Gujranwala-Kharian 4 3 32 3 2 5a

Turnol-Chablat 2 2 8 1 - 24

Nowshera-Peshawar 3 1 16 - 1 27

Total 24 12 85 4 40 151

03119103 Socioeconomic Profile of Project-Affected Persons34

Social Assessment of Pakitian Highway Rehabilitation Project

4. Census of Project-Affected Persons

This section describes the outcome of the census carried out under Phase I of the PHRP.As explained in Section 2.2, the purpose of the census was to register and document thenumber and status of PAPs likely to be physically displaced as a result of the project andtherefore entitled to compensation.

The census dates for the Phase I sections surveyed are as follows:

* Karachi-Hyderabad March 13, 2002

*. Hyderabad-Hala March 4, 2002

*. Hala-Moro March 9, 2002

* Gujranwala-Kharian March 22, 2002

* Tumol-Chablat December 30, 2002

* Nowshera-Peshawar March 29, 2002

The census revealed that 36 persons are currently operating 28 commercial units withinthe Col of the Hyderabad-Hala and Hala-Moro sections. There are no residentialstructures falling within the Col on either of these sections. The remaining sections, ie,Turnol-Chablat, Gujranwala-Kharian, Karachi-Hyderabad, and Nowshera-Peshawar,have no population resident or operating businesses within the Col, and accordingly, thissection presents data only for the Hyderabad-Hala and Hala-Moro sections.

4.1 Distribution of Project-Affected Persons

The distribution of PAPs and their household members is summarized in Exhibit 4.1below:

Exhibit 4.1: Distribution of Project-Affected Person HouscXolds

Definition of PAP Hyderabad-Hala Hala- Total No. of No. of HouseholdMoro PAPs Members0

Squatter-owners 16 7 23 155 a

Squatter-tenants - 1 1 10 a

Absentee owners - 2 2 10

Squatter-employees 2 4 6 30

Encroachers - 4 4 -

Total 18 18 36 205

a Includes household members of encroachers.

031ig/03 Census of Project-Affected Persons4-1


Of these categories, the first four are entitled to compensation under the entitlementpolicy framework discussed in Section 6.4; encroachers are not entitled to anycompensation. As indicated in the exhibit, of the total 36 PAPs, 18 (including all fourencroachers) are settled within the Col of the Hala-Moro section, and 18 within the CoIof the Hyderabad-Hala section. The total number of PAP household members is 205, ofwhich 106 fall within the Hyderabad-Hala section, and 99 within the Hala-Moro section,producing an average household size of 5.9 and 5.5, respectively.

4.1.1 Nature of Business/Occupation

Exhibits 4.2 and 4.3 provide a detailed breakdown of the businesses operated by PAPson the Hyderabad-Hala and Hala-Moro sections. Details were not available for absenteeowners on the Hala-Moro section.

03/19/03 Census of Project-Affected Persons

4-2

Social Assessnient of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 4.2: Profile of Project-Affected Persons on the Hyderabad-Hala Section

Structure Type

S8} E j E ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Q.-gt:0 :ij, eC

.r- to~~~- '

0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

3014 178300 MSafar Flour mill Owner TS Bnckpillarwithin 45x14 5 3 2 150,000 50,000 53,550 3,000 2,00 2!s/o Khan Mohommad median; thatched

roof

3022 193076 Achar slo Hari Chand Cobbler Owner VM Stall wlth jute 6 x 8 - - - 20,000 - NA 3,000 1canopy

3000 1931 00Ha)! s/o Sathl Fish Owner VM Trolley-cart 5 x3 - - - 5,qOO 1,000 NA 2,100 31

3001 193102 MRafi s/o Ahmed Khan General merchant Owner VM Stall with jute 5 x3 - - - 10,000 1,000 NA 2,400 31canopy

3002 193105 Allah Ubhai Sweetmeats Owner VM Trolley-cart 3 x 3 - - - 10,000 - NA 3,750 31s/o M Ramzan

3003 193108 Nafeez Ahmed Poultry Owner VM Jute canopy 8 x6 - - - 5,000 1,500 NA 2,400 31s/o Shafi Mohammad under tree shade

3004 1931 1 0Riaz Ahmed General merchant Owner TS Thatched roof 10x6 - - - 5,000 2,000 1,200 2,100 1,00 Is/o Soof Khan with timber pillar

3005 193114 Munawar Hussain General merchant Owner VM Stall with jute 3x2 - - - 3,000 - NA '1,500 313s/o Rasul Bux lb canopy

3006 193118 Haklm All Tobacco Owner VM Trolley-cart 5 x3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 1,800 31s/o Allah Dino

3007 193125MlIbrahim Fru4t Owner VM Stall with jute 5x3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 2,100 31s/o Bahuddin canopy

Continues...

03119/03 Census of Project-Affected Persons4-3


...Continued

Structure Type

.S i S° t S : 2 . E(O LE -S~N ~ -

&~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ N

'a ~~~~~~~~~~'

0 0 a-..LE

3008193128 Sahib Khan General merchant OwnerVM Jute canopy under 10x3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 2,100 3s/o Nek Mohammad tree shade

3009193135 Haji Mangi General merchant OwnerVM Trolley-cart 5 x 3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 1,500 - - 30s/o Ghoush Deenam

3010193138 Gul Sher Fruit and vegetablesOwnerVM Trolley-cart 5 x 3 - - - 5,000 1,500 NA 3,000 - - 30s/o Mithu

3011193145 Umar Din Fruit and vegetablesOwnerVM Trolley-cart 5 x 3 - - - 5,000 11,500 NA 3,000 - - 30s/o Bashir ud Din

3012193150 Shabir Poultry OwnerVM Trolley-cart 5x3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 3,000 - - 30s/o Ghani Deenam

3013193153 DhaniBux Poultry OwnerVM Trolley-cart 5x3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 3,000 - - 30s/o Wikew

Structure type Roof: 1 = RCC; 2 = RBC; 3 = Tiled; 4 = Asbestos/iron sheets; 5 = Thatched, 6 = OtherWalls: 1 = Mud; 2 = Brick masonry; 3 = Wall plastering

Floor: 1 = Mud; 2 = Brick floor; 3 = Stone; 4 = Concrete

VM = Mobile vendor within median; TS = Thatched shed; S = Shop; K = Kiosk

a Based on the latest government schedule rates

03/19/03 Census of Project-Affected Persons4-4


Exhibit 4.3: Profile of Project-Affected Persons on the Hala-Moro Section

Structure Type

a ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a,oo

a59200 / ae Toacc Owne K. 6x -~ -% -' 1000 5,0 NA 3,0 - -- 22

a S

o k (j3 0 ~~~~~~~~~ ~~C/i~. (IC 0- U . oW 01 0 0 Noor Ahmed Tea stall Owner S+TS 25 0 3,5 3 1,2 300,000 10,000 18.720 6,000 - - - 22

3546 205389 s/o Sarwar Khan

3547 240592 Daud Siddique Tobacco Owner K 6x6 - - - 15,000 5,00C NA 1,500 - - - 20s/o M Shafique

Raheel Tabacc Owner K 6x6 - - - 10,000 5,00C NA 3,000 - - - 223554 264060 s/ao Raees

Naor Mohammad Tea stall Owner TS 20x25 5 3 1 50,000 50,000 42,500 7,500 3 1,500 - 253552 56380 s/a Chutal Khan

355 25390 Dr Ghulam Hussain Clinic Owner/ sa 12x40 3 2 2 70,000 50,000 NA 7,500 1 2,000 - '273553 256390 s/a Allahdad encroacher

355 25400 M Qasim Empty Owner/ S+TSa 27x40 3 1 1 100,000 100,000 NA Empty - - - 273554 256400 s/a Dost Mahammad encroacher shap

3555 256430 M Rafique Tea stall Tenant/ S+TS8 25x40 3 2 1 150,000 250,000 NA 6,000 - Allah Dad 253555 256430 s/o Shamsher All encroacher (absentee° owner)

3556 256440 M Buksh General Owner S+TS 8x20 3,5 2 1,2 25,000 40,000 20,400 1,50C - - - 27s/o Sachay Dino merchant

Conilnues..


SocalAssessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Continued

Structure Type

Ca 0 43,200 1

u aw .-( OU' 0 0 (U

slo Ghulam Rasool

3558 256550 ZaomirHssain Goods trans,oort Owner S30x24 3 2 2Z250,000 100,000 94,320 9,OOC - - - 27

3559 258600 Haji Shair Cofton and wheat Tenant S30x15 3 2 4 250,000 150,000 99,000 4,50C - - Fareeya Shah 25s/o M Munlr (absentee owner)

3561a258633 Haji M Mohi Tea stall Owner/ S+TSal5x45 - 2 2 10,000 150,000 3,0C - - 25s/o M Mithal encroacher

Structure type: Roof: 1 RCC; 2 = RBC; 3 = Tiled; 4 = Asbestos/iron sheets; 5 = Thatched, 6 = OtherWalls: I Mud; 2 = Brick masonry; 3 = Wall plasteringFloor: I Mud; 2 = Brick floor; 3 = Stone; 4 = Concrete

VM = Mobile vendor within median; TS = Thatched shed; S = Shop; K = Kiosk


03113/03 Census of Projec-Affected Perons4-6

Social Assessment ofPakLtan Highway Rehabilitation Project

4.1.2 Income Patterns and Vulnerability

The survey data on annual total and per capita income was analyzed in order to determinethe impact of the project on the livelihood of PAPs. Based on the data provided inExhibit 4.4, the total annual income of PAPs settled along both sections was estimated atRs 1.203 million. The average annual income per PAP was calculated at Rs 35,382. Ona per capita basis, the average income amounted to Rs 6,169, which varied betweenRs 4,840 on the Hyderabad-Hala section, and Rs 7,753 on the Hala-Moro section.

Exhibit 4.4: Income and Vulnerability Status of Project-Affected Persons

Definitfon of PAP No. of Total Annual Average Annual Income (Rs)PAPs Income (Rs) Per PAP Per Proportfon of

Capita Vulnerable PAPs

Hyderabad-Hala

Squatter-owners 16 477,000 29,813 4,969 100%Squatter-tenants - - - -

Absentee owners

Squatter-employees 2 36,000 18,000 3,600 100%

Subtotal 18 513,000 28,500 4,840 100%

Hala-Moro

Squatter-owners 10 486,000 48,600 8,237 55%

Squatter-tenants 2 126,000 63,000 12,600 0%Absentee owners 2 - - -

Squatter-employees 4 78,000 19,500 3,900 100%

Subtotal 18 690,000 43,125 7,753 60%

Total 1,203,000 35,382 6,169 s 82%

Recent studies in Pakistan mark the average income at the poverty line at Rs 7,800 perperson per year. Based on this benchmark and the average household size of each section(see Section 4.1), PAPs on the Hyderabad-Hala section who earn a monthly income lessthan Rs 3,835, and those on the Hala-Moro section who earn a monthly income less thanRs 3,575, will be classified as 'vulnerable' (see Exhibits 4.2 and 4.3 for the individualmonthly income of each PAP). As indicated in Exhibit 4.4, 82% of the total number ofPAPs under Phase I fall under this category.

4.2 Commercial Structures Within the Col

Of a total 588 structures documented in the RoW, 28 fall in the Col 1. All 28 arecommercial units and include four shops, three thatched sheds, five shops cum thatched

OV'19/03 Census of Project-Affected Persons

4-7


sheds, two kiosks, and 14 mobile-vendor units. Exhibit 4.5 summarizes the structureslocated within the Col of the Hyderabad-Hala and Hala-Moro sections.

Exhibit 4.5: PAPs' Structures Within the CoI 1

Wthin Col ISection Chalnage TownlVillage K H TS VM Total

TS

Hyderabad-Hala 187 Bahu Dero… … … … … … …-

189 Sekhat -

ECW 193 Khyber - - - - 1 14 15

201 Khandu - - - - - -

206 Bhit Shah Mor - - - - - - -

Scattered - - - - 1 - 1

Total - - - - 2 14 16

Hala-Moro 238 Hala Branch… … … … …-

240 Sabu Rahu - 1 2 - - - 3

256 Goth Panhal Khan 3 3 - - 1 - 7

ECW 258 Dino 1 1 - - - - 2

Scattered … … … … …-

269 Mashakh - - - -

286 Bachalpur - - - - - -

288 Nawab Wali -… ……-Muhammad Khan

308 Shahpur Jahania… … … … …-

Total 4 5 2 I - 12

S: Shop K: Kiosk (khokha) H: House

TS: Thatched shed VM: Mobile vendor within median °

As shown in Exhibit 4.5, the total number of structures located within the CoI nfubers16 on the Hyderabad-Hala and 12 on the Hala-Moro section. 14 of these structures aremobile, ie, operated by mobile vendors, and can be moved out of the Col and furtherback within the RoW without incurring any damage. The NHA will compensate and helpresettle the owners of a further ten structures that need to be dismantled. The remainingfour structures are encroachments and will be removed without compensation.

03X 19/03 Census of Project-Affected Persons4-8


Exhibits 4.6 to 4.10 illustrate encroachments along the project corridor, showingdifferent kinds of squatter structures. Exhibits 4.11 to 4.14 provide maps of the areasaround which squatter settlements currently exist, including the villages of Khyber, SabuRahu, Dino and Goth Panhal Khan. The maps also indicate altemative sites forresettlement demarcated within the RoW.

Exhibit 4.6: Typical Shops Along the Project Corridor

. .



Exhibit 4.7: Squatters' Kiosks Within the CoI

I.~~~~~~~~~~~~4

7 . -._ , _t

ta -A.g8E S

o.e~~~~- . C ;

Exhibit 4.8: Encroachments Along the Project Corridor

F -a

03/19103 Census af Project-Affected Persons4-10

Social Assessment ofPakJstan Highway Rehabilitafion Project

Exhibit 4.9: Squatters' Sheds Within the Col

ba ~

F ' '-7l-' 's'.'; 4 j

Exhibit 4.10: Mobile Vendors Within the Col

Tp.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

-f

03/1s103 Census of Project-Affected Persons4-11

Social Assessment ofPaldstan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 4.11: PAP-Owned Structures in Khyber Village (Hyderabad-Hala Section)


03/91903 Census of Project-Affected Pomona

4-12

q u pw

dum~~vpasd - (uNlSovW_bLmuWf

m. --- uw1mgp&Wq - pWoi

mm ~ ~ w -"- (Mo} A5aMIU

16APt ~~~~~~~~~~~~~p5D- BmAO w d ~~~~UUSPGd -

s -~ _ _ - ----- I i--------------------------

.............. . ...... .... .q.................. ......... Ck~~~~~~~~~dBll\@

Social Assessment ofPaldstan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 4.12: PAP-Owned Structures in Scattered Locations (Hyderabad-Hala Section)


OW19/03 Census of Project-Affected Persons4-14

.v - ;gg- _

RIW Of WY (RdW)

con*.cU l mt

CoIdrha of k'T*bphon IkW

AddbvM =Tblpwmy (ACWINI3)Bdx o mftig (ECN=)

Abntep 1mui mNto NW

Social Assessment of Paldstan Highv/ay Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 4.13: PAP-Owned Structures in Sabu Rahu Village (Hala-Moro Section)


03119s03 Census of Project-Affeced Persons4-16

I .Z . .. .. . . a

7H~~~~~~~I

_~~~~~~~~~

thS - 1


Exhibit 4.14: PAP-Owned Structures in Dino and Goth Panhal Khan Villages (Hala-Moro Section


03119103 Census of Project-Affected Persons

4-18

I

I

I11111

liii iidI

I- grn

I I

3'I i II -I

I I

I I

I -

I I

I I I

i I II ii�I - I

I I II i II i I

I 'I I I

I i I

I -

- �iIi II I

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* Ii INi LIj

I' �II � a

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Social Assessment of Pakhstan Highway Rehahilitation Project

Exhibit 4.15 indicates the total value of structures located on the Hyderabad-Hala andHala-Moro sections, estimated at Rs 64,500 and Rs 970,000 respectively. The totalcollective value for both sections amounts to Rs 1.034 million.

Exhibit 4.15: Present Values and Replacement Costs of PAP-Owned Structures

Structure Type No. of Structures Total Estimated Total ReplacementPresent Value (Rs) Cost (Rs) e

Hyderabad-Hala

Shops

Shop + thatched sheds - -

Thatched sheds 2 52,000 54,700

Kiosks _ _

Mobile vendor units 14 12,500 -

Subtotal 16 64,500 54,700

Hala-Moro

Shops 4 360,000 255,240

Shop + thatched sheds 5 550,000 20,400

Thatched sheds 1 50,000 42,500

Kiosks 2 10,000 10,400

Mobile vendor units - - _

Subtotal 12 970,000 328,540

Total 28 1,034,500 383,240

a Does not indude replacement costs for encroachments.

4.2.1 Replacement Cost of Structures

The replacement cost of the structures owned by PAPs was calculated to assess theirpayable replacement cost (see Exhibit 4.15). Exhibits 4.2 and 4.3 indicate the individualreplacement cost of each PAP-owned structure). The total replacement cost for structureson the Hyderabad-Hala section was estimated at Rs. 54,700 (collectively for twothatched sheds); and Rs. 328,540 (collectively for for four shops, one shop cum thatchedshed, one thatched shed, and two kiosks) on the Hala-Moro section. These structures donot include encroachments.

No replacement cost was calculated for mobile vendors, whose existing structures, aspreviously mentioned, can be moved out of the Col and further back within the RoW.

4.2.2 Ownership Documentation

Only five PAPs claimed to have documents confirming their ownership of the structuresthey operated, but none were actually willing to present these documents to the survey



team for inspection. The remaining PAPs settled within the Col owned no ownershipdocumentation.

4.2.3 Alternative Arrangements for Resettlement

The survey also examined the extent to which PAPs may be able to arrange alternativeresettlement sites for themselves before construction on the highway was started. Onlyfive PAPs indicated that they could manage such arrangements, implying that theoverwhelming majority of PAPs and their families will need assistance in resettlement.

As per project policy, PAPs who already have an alternative place in which to resettlewill also be eligible for compensation, but will be allowed to resettle in the area they havearranged of their own accord, should they so choose.



5. Public Consultation

This section describes the outcome of the public consultation sessions held with differentstakeholder groups that may be impacted by the project. The consultation process wascarried out in accordance with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01) on publicconsultation. The objectives of this proecss were to:

1. Share information with stakeholders on proposed improvement works andexpected impact on the physical, biological, and socioeconomic environment ofthe project corridor.

2. Understand stakeholder concerns regarding various aspects of the project,including the existing condition of the highways, upgrade requirements, and thelikely impact of construction-related activities and operation of the improvedhighway.

The public consultation forums used were:

i Workshops held with general stakeholders

i Scoping sessions held with local communities

* Focus group discussions held with general highway users, including transportpassengers, vehicle drivers, roadside shopkeepers, and passersby.

Exhibit 5.1 provides a summary of the meetings held with respect to date, venue andstakeholder participation. These include an overview of the procedures used to identifystakeholders, disseminate project information, and record public concerns. Appendix Bprovides detailed records of the public consultations held.

5.1 General Stakeholder Workshops

Stakeholder workshops were organized by the EIA consultants to discuss project specificissues. The Association of Road Users of Pakistan (ARUP) organized a series of regionaldiscussions in 2000 that have provided valuable inputs for design of the project. Theprocess and the outcomes of these workshops are discussed below.

5.1.1 Workshops Organized by EIA Consultants

The EIA Consultants organized two regional stakeholders' meetings, one in Hyderabadfor Sindh-based stakeholders, and another in Lahore for Punjab- and NWFP-basedstakeholders. The participants included government and NGO representatives,environmental field specialists, engineers, road contractors, highway users, and a cross-section of project-affected persons (PAPs), such as roadside vendors and shopkeepers,squatters, and petrol pump dealers. The meetings were publicized with the help of thedistrict administration, union councils, personal contacts, and broadcast media.

03/19/03 Public Consultation5-1

Social Asssesment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

At both workshops, participants were made aware of the purpose of the workshop, thescope of highway improvement works, and probable impact of construction activities andsubsequent operation of the highway with reference to project affected persons. A groupof field specialists explained the technical and environmental aspects of the project inmore detail. Finally, participants were distributed into groups to formulate and recordtheir concerns. Each group's concerns were discussed with all the participants in general,followed by a question-answer session.

Sindh Stakeholder Workshop

The main concems raised and suggestions received at this workshop are listed below.

Highway Design

* Eliminate dangerous curves and unnecessary unauthorized U-turns.

* Ensure that side road intersections are properly laid.

* Construct fencing on both sides of the highway to prevent accidents.

* Construct more bypasses, pedestrian crossings near educational institutions, andbus stops to minimize accident risks.

* Improve the general drainage system for rain/flood and sewage water.

* Plan roadside tree plantations to counter the impact on natural vegetation.

Highway Construction

* Avoid hiring outside labor that is likely to restrict local women's mobility andcreate social unease.

* Compensate landowners for acquired land according to market rates.

* Prevent soil erosion along the road berms and shoulders.

Highway Operation* Introduce new legislation to control fuel quality, vehicular emis,ions, and traffic

flows and to protect neighboring wildlife habitats.

*. Encourage better training of highway users in proper traffic sense and rule,s.

*. Introduce weighbridges to prevent excessive load on roads.

* Strictly enforce speed control.

* Introduce additional safety measures, including more cautionary signs.

* Encourage grove plantings at petrol pump sites and restaurants by their respectiveowners.

o. Provide drinking water arrangements at every bus stop.

03/19103 Public Consultation5-2

Social Avssesrment ofPakivtan High way Rehabilitalion Project

Punjab- and NWFP- Stakeholder Workshop

The main concerns raised and suggestions recorded at this workshop are listed below.

Highway Design

* Formulate a well-defined policy on axle limits and pavement design.

* Eliminate dangerous curves and unnecessary unauthorized U-turns.

*' Construct a median barrier.

* Construct overhead crossings for pedestrians.

* Plan roadside tree plantation extending into the RoW to counter the impact onnatural vegetation.


* Reaffirm whether the present land use plan is compatible with the EIA.

* Ensure that Pak-EPA regulations regarding pollution and industrial water disposalare enforced.

* Consult existing occupants or building owners whcn preparing a rcsettlementplan.

> Disburse compensation fairly among PAPs.

> Ensure that road construction matcrial on dump trucks or stockpilc areas, is notleft uncovered or allowved to cause dust pollution.

Highway Operationi Introduce frcsh safety measurcs, including more cautionary signage and detours.

Strictly enforce speed control and rcstrict the use of vehicle homns.

> Ensure that cross-drainage structures are maintained to avoid choking withdebris.

5.1.2 Workshops Organized by ARUP

The Association of Road Uscrs of Pakistan (ARUP) organized a scrics of regionalstakcholders' meetings to asscss baselinc pcrfonnance indicators in Pakistan's road sectorduring the year 2000, seek initial inputs on the proposcd design of the PHRP, and to draftterms of rcfcrence for the projcct's cnvironmental and social assessment studics. Theseworkshops wcre held in Hyderabad for Sindh-bascd stakcholdcrs, in Gujranwala forPunjab-based stakeholders, in D I Khan for NWFP-bascd stakeholdcrs, and in Khuzdarfor Balochistan-bascd stakcholders.


Social Asessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

The concerns raised by the participants are listed below.

* General dissatisfaction with travel time and lack of adequatecautionary/information signage and markings.

*. Restricted mobility, particularly for women, caused by lack of rural roads andinadequate public transport.

* Delays in implementing road construction/rehabilitation projects.

*o Lack of rest areas and toilet facilities along the highway.

*. High accident risk to highway users and unacceptable delays in treating accidentvictims.

*. Exposure of surrounding population to excessive emissions and noise generatedby vehicles and construction equipment

*. Inadequate vigilance in identifying and addressing adverse project effects onpeople's health, safety, and access.

* No feedback mechanism to encourage effective beneficiary participation.

* Loss of agricultural land and natural habitats.

o. Inadequate and delayed compensation payments.

*. Delayed compensation for loss of livelihood.

* Socioeconomic impact of migrant construction labor.

*. Risk to places of cultural value.

5.2 Scoping Sessions

A series of scoping sessions and focus group discussions were carried out with localcommunities and local government representatives. The meetings were held at varioussites along the project corridor (for location details, see Exhibit 5.1).

Generally, people were found to be aware of the need to upgrade the highway, andindicated their support for the NHA. The proposed construction of the additionalcarriageway met with particular support since it will reduce traffic congestion and otherroad hazards near settlements along the project corridor. Local communities demandedthat they be part of a continuous consultation process with other stakeholders at differentstages of the project including the design, construction, and operation periods.


SocialAssessment ofPakiLtan Hlighway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit 5.1: Record of Public Consultation Sessions

Sections Date Venue No. of PartcipantsMen Women

General Stakeholder Workshops

Engineenng General Consultants September 25, 2001 Hyderabad (Sindh) 106 2

EGC (Pvt.) Ltd. November 13, 2001 Lahore (Punjab and NWFP) 117 1

Association of Road Users of August 30, 2000 Hyderabad (Slndh) 57 -

Pakistan (ARUP) September 7, 2000 Gujranwala (Punjab) 88 -

September 13, 2000 D I Khan (NWFP) 100 -

September 20, 2000 Khuzdar (Balochistan) 154 -

Scoping Sesslons

Karachi-Hyderabad March 13, 2002 Lonigoth Police Station (Dadu) 18 -

Hyderabad-Hala March 7, 2002 Khyber and Sekhat villages (Hyderabad) 66 56

Hala-Moro March 7, 2002 Sabu Rahu (Hyderabad) 50 19

Gujranwala-Kharian March 22, 2002 Rahwali Cantt., Amrat Pura, Kotli Sahian, Geona Mandi, and Lala Musa 90 34

Tumol-Chablat March 29-30, 2002 Margalla Hills near Taxila, Jinnah Colony, and Ahmednagar (Rawalpindi) 34 17

Nowshera-Peshawar March 29, 2002 Ismail Khan (Nowshera), Amangarh, Aurangabad, Sarwarabad, Nasir Kaney, 89 47Nasarpur, and Chughalpura (Peshawar)

Roadside Consultations

Hyderabad-Hala July 11-14, 2001 Hyderabad 22 6

Hala-Moro July 17-19, 2001 Hyderabad, Nawabshah and Naushahro Firoz 22 21

Gujranwala-Khadan March 18, 22, 2002 Gujranwala and Gujrat 2 -

Tumol-Chablat March 30, 2002 Rawalpindi and Attock 3 3

Nowshera-Peshawar March 29, 2002 Nowshera and Peshawar 1 2



The most commonly raised concerns are listed below:

Highway Design

o Improve general standards of construction.

* Facilitate pedestrian and animal crossing by avoiding a difference in levelbetween the ACW, ECW, and median.

* Help abate dust emissions by concreting road shoulders.

* Avoid constructing sharp road curves.

* Construct service lanes and U-turns where required, and bypasses nearsettlements.

* Erect pedestrian overhead bridges, particularly near schools, hospitals, and criticalpoints, along with a fence or partition wall in between carriageways.

*. Provide drain outlets to help drain away runoff from the highway, particularly inareas where road level is higher than that of surrounding settlements.

*. Provide footpaths and lanes for slow-moving traffic, particularly cyclists.

> Build bus bays, passenger shelters, and parking areas, particularly for rickshaws.

* Provide rest areas and toilet facilities along the highway.

o Plant trees along the highway that could be entrusted to the care of localcommunities.


* Avoid undue delays in road-construction and ensure that project works are carriedout in one stretch rather than in piecemeal manner.

*. Ensure that the contractor does-not use private land for parking constructionmachinery.

S

* Avoid dumping construction material along the highway and median.

* Adopt measures to minimize dust, smoke, and noise pollution, and to con;rolspillages from construction machinery.

* Provide proper diversions for traffic during construction to avoid trafficcongestion, related hazards, and dust emissions.

Highway Operation

o Provide medical aid centers along the highway to treat road accident emergencies.

* Erect cautionary and information signs.

* Control over-speeding, overloading, traffic disordcrs and violations of trafficregulations; construct speed breakers where required.

* Prohibit commercial vendors and squatters from encroaching on the RoW.

* Ensure that cross-drainage pipes and culverts are regularly cleaned.

03/19/03 Public Consuitation5-6

Social A.v.sessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

* Regularly remove accumulated piles of rubbish from the RoW.

Land Acquisition and Resettlement-Related Concems

* Squatters should be resettled before construction works begin. Most squatters arewilling to move from their present locations provided alternative land is madeavailable nearby within the RoW on which to erect their structures

* They held that in addition to compensation for the structures removed, additionalfinancial assistance was required to erect structures at new locations. Squatters inLala Musa have indicated they are willing to adopt the resettlement optionproposed for Dina.

*' Compensation should be fair, paid promptly, and subject to transparency. PAPshave complained of not receiving compensation even after the ACW had beenconstructed.

* The acquisition of further land should be avoided. Where necessary, acquisitionshould be carried out in accordance with the law. The acquired land should bepossessed only once the compensation payment is made.

*. Public consultation should be an integral part of the land acquisition process.

5.3 Roadside ConsultationsRoadside consultations were carried out mainly with pedestrians, vehicle drivers, publictransport passengers, roadside vendors and shopkeepers, local inhabitants, governmentofficials, and NGO representatives at various locations (see Exhibit 5.1). Most of theconcerns raised were similar to those discussed during the scoping scssions described inSection 5.2. Additional issues brought up in these polls are listed below:

Highway Design

*. Contractors hired from outside are unfamiliar with local conditions and cannottailor their work to local requirements.

* Rains have damaged the existing road shoulders, making overtaking verydangerous.

* Protective walls are needed on both sides of the road.


* The presence of migrant labor restricts the movement of local women working innearby fields.

* Oil spills from overturned oil tankers destroy standing crops in adjoiningagricultural fields and damage land.

Highway Operation

* The lack of traffic law enforcement encourages careless driving.


Social Assessment of PakLitan Highway Rehabilitation Project

* Careless tractor drivers moving onto the highway are a hazard to fast movingvehicles.

* Bus drivers do not refrain from blowing their horns even near sensitive locations,such as schools or hospitals.

*. Carts and vehicles occasionally park under the shade of roadside trees, obstructingtraffic en route and causing accidents.

*. Trolleys overloaded with sugarcane and cotton harvests tend to occupy the entirewidth of the road, which often causes accidents.

* There are no streetlights to facilitate night driving through towns/settlements,raising the risk of accidents.

* Pedestrians tend to lack road sense.

* Ploughs fitted on tractors cause deep trenching on the road surface when crossingthe highway.

* There are not enough first aid or medical centers near the RoW and road accidentvictims often remain untended for hours.

* The highway provides a safe escape route to dacoits who frequently operate in thevillages.

5.4 Resettlement Issues

In analyzing various resettlement options, a study was carried out among the PAPs settledin Dina and Gujar Khan in Punjab. Twenty people were interviewed in Gujar Khan andeight in Dina. The feedback received is described below:

Gujar khan

People here are generally dissatisfied with the resettlement plan provided by NHA. Theyconsider the cost being charged for new roadside structures (Rs 30,000),to be far too highand disproportionate to their incomes. A down payment of Rs 5,000 is required and theremaining cost is to be recovered in monthly installments of Rs 1,000, in addition to amonthly Rs 1,000 rent. The structures provided are currently incomplete, eg, they lackpartition walls and other amenities, such as electricity. This problem has beencompounded by the fact that the monthly income of affected vendors has fallen as a resultof a change of location and the existence of an open drain in front of their new kiosks.

At the same time, people have indicated their appreciation of this arrangement in spite ofits accompanying problems. Previously the police and local administration frequentlydemanded they shift their kiosks elsewhere or extracted bribes for allowing them to stay.This practice has now ceased, although the people here have been warned that they mayhave to be relocated when the need arises.

Dina

Although some 104 PAPs have already been resettled in Gujar Khan, only 14 out of atotal of over 200 have so far been resettled in Dina. The resettlement model for Dina

a/ig,03 Public Consultation

5-8

Social Assetsment ofPakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

differs from that for Gujar Khan in that PAPs have been allocated an area withoutproviding them with new structures. They have erected steel structures of their own inaccordance with the design provided by the National Logistics Cell (NLC). Thesestructures have cost them Rs 10,000 to 12,000 each. Procuring these structures hascaused them financial hardship, given that this arrangement did not come into effect untila year after they moved during which time they had no source of income. People alsoexpressed the following reservations:

* Most PAPs had enjoyed commercial success at their original location at theintersection of Mangla Road and the N5. Having now been relocated, theirbusinesses have suffered drastically. They believe that sufficient space isavailable at the old location and they would prefer to move back to their originallocation.

* Customers normally consider mobile vendors to sell goods at cheaper rates thanestablished shopkeepers. Now that PAPs have moved to proper shops, theirbusiness volume has gone down as a result of increased competition.

*. A common complaint is that steel structures with steel roofs were uncomfortableduring summer as well as winter. Most people preferred the idea of a fiberglassroof similar to those provided in Gujar Khan. For this, they will need financialassistance from the NHA, as fiberglass roofs are more expensive.

* A representative of the displaced persons stressed that although sufficient areahad been officially allocated for the resettlement of about 100 PAPs, theresettlement was proceeding very slowly.

The reservations put forward by the PAPs surveyed in Gujar Khan and Dina have beenincorporated as far as possible, into the entitlement policy framework discussed inSection 6.4.

5.5 Address of Stakeholder Concerns

The concerns raised by stakeholders have been incorporated into the project'senvironmental and social assessment as described below.

Highway Design

The contractor and supervision consultants will include the following environmental andsafety provisions in the project design:

* Highway safety audits and improved road markings/signage and demarcation ofaccident-prone junctions in order to improve the horizontal and vertical geometry,and reduce conflicting movement during opcration, particularly along inhabitedstretches of road.

* Improved intersections on side roads and village tracks in order to eliminatebottlenecks.

* Roadside furniture and traffic control devices, including information andcautionary signs, signals, traffic diversion and flow markings, to ensure pedestriansafety during construction and operation.


SocialAssessment of Pak}vtan H-ighwayRehablditation Project

* Public facilities, including bus bays with passenger waiting sheds and latrines,service lanes, footpaths, pedestrian-crossing facilities, and fences.

* A tree plantation program to compensate for the anticipated loss of vegetationduring construction activities, and to help abate pollution caused by emissions,dust, and noise during highway operation.

* Outfalls for the highway median and side drains to divert surface run-off from thecarriageway, and protect ribbon development areas and settlements.


The following measures will be carried out in order to protect surrounding communitiesfrom the expected impact of construction:

*. Project facilities will be located at a minimum distance of 500 m from existingsettlements and built-up areas in order to avoid restricting the mobility of localwomen.

* Construction vehicles will remain confined within their designated areas ofmovement.

* Sensitivity towards local customs and traditions will be encouraged to minimizesocial friction; good relations with local communities will be promoted byencouraging contractors to provide opportunities for skilled and unskilledemployment to locals, as well as on-the-job training in construction for youngpeople.

* Soil erosion will be minimized by protecting low embankments by plantingindigenous grasses, and high embankments by constructing stone pitching or ariprap across the embankment.

* The NHA is bound to comply with PAK-EPA regulations concerning pollutionand industrial water disposal.

* The entitlement policy framework for the project incorporates stakeholderconsultation as part of the resettlement plan.

* The loss of privately owned land or built-up property will be compensated on areplacement-cost basis.

* The contractor will be required to ensure that construction work does not hinderlocal people's access to the highway and their ability to cross it safely.Constructing temporary ramps and diversion routes will facilitate pedestrians andlivestock when crossing the highway.

* Solid waste generated during construction and at campsites will be properlytreated and safely disposed of only in demarcated waste disposal sites approvedby the supervision consultant.

* The contractors will be required to instruct and train their workforce in the storageand handling of materials and chemicals that can potentially cause soilcontamination.


Social Assevsment ofPaklitan Highway Rehabilitation Project

*. The contractor will raise the level of boundary walls or construct new walls forbuildings surrounding sensitive receptors such as schools and hospitals, to reducethe impact of noise generated during construction and operation.

* All necessary measures will be taken to ensure the safety of traffic duringconstruction, including barricades (including signs, pavement markings, flags, andlights) erected as required by the NHA/NHMP. All such barricades will be set upas per local regulations.

Highway Operation

* The NHA will work closely with the newly established National Highway andMotorway Police (NHMP) to ensure that drivers as well as pedestrians observetraffic rules and that the safety of the pedestrians is not compromised.

* Traffic management plans will be prepared and implemented in conjunction withthe NIMP and roadside commuters to reduce congestion and traffic hazards.

* The NHA in conjunction with the NHMP will initiate a road safety awarenesscampaign among roadside communities settled along project reaches.


SocialAssessment ofPakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

6. Land Acquisition, Resettlement, andCompensation

This section addresses the issues that wifl arise as a result of land acquisition andresettlement of squatters currently located within the project corridor's RoW.

6.1 Land Requirements and Occupation

Encroachments and squatting within the RoW is common on almost all sections of theproject corridor. Squatter settlements are those that fall entirely within the RoW ie,occupy public land but do not own adjacent or other land or assets; by definition,squatters are generally classified as poor and vulnerable. The squatter settlements locatedalong the project corridor are primarily concentrated in areas where rural settlements andtowns are located fairly close to the highway. These settlements are generallycommercial in nature, and rarely residential. Encroachers are property or landownerswho have occupied a portion of public land by extending their existing adjacent landholdings into the RoW; they are not normally entitled to support, unless classified asvulnerable.

As far as possible, the existing and additional carriageways under Phase I of the projectwill be upgraded within the existing RoW.

6.2 Process of Land Acquisition

For the purposes of the project, land acquisition will proceed in accordance with the LandAcquisition Act (LAA), 1894; the process of acquisition is described below:

* Under Section 4 of the LAA, the acquiring department submits an application tothe land acquisition collector (LAC) for the acquisition of land. The notification'spublication date fixes the date for determining the market value of the land underacquisition. 0

* Following the publication of notification, land may be acquired through privatenegotiation or compulsory acquisition. &

*. The area's commissioner issues notification of the intent to acquire land for apublic purpose under Section 5, following which, any party interested in that landmay object to the acquisition within 30 days of the notification. This grievanceredressal mechanism allows people to lodge applications to rectify ownershiprecords where necessary, delete the property of an individual from acquisition, orregister any objections to the proposed land acquisition.

* A final declaration stipulating that a specific plot of land is required for a publicpurpose is issued by the provincial government under Section 6, within sixmonths of the publication of notification under Section 5.

03/19/03 Land Acquisition, Resettlement, and Compensation

6-1

SocialAssevsment ofPakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

i Under Section 7, the LAC is given jurisdiction to acquire the land, followingwhich, under Section 8, he is bound to re-demarcate the land required inaccordance with changes in ownership records or valid objections raised byaffected parties.

* Sections 8, 9, and 10 allow interested parties to put in claims for compensation,raise any further objections to the acquisition, and ascertain the names of anyparties possessing any interest in the land.

*o The LAC makes his award under Section 1 1, stipulating the correct area of theland, and the amount and apportionment of compensation among interestedparties.

i* Under Section 16, the government becomes owner of the land on takingpossession, which under the LAA, is not conditional upon the payment ofcompensation.

6.3 Impact on Squatters' Settlements

6.3.1 Demarcation of Area of Impact

The Col 1 marks the limit within which the direct impact of construction activities islikely to occur. This limit will vary along the length of the project corridor according tosite-specific conditions, and squatters located within this area will need to be relocated.A documented 588 squatters' structures lie within the RoW of the Phase I sections; ofthese, only 28 will need to be relocated during rehabilitation works under Phase I(Section 6.4 explains how many of these structures will be compensated). Field surveyscarried out in seven of the highway sections proposed for improvement indicate thatconstruction works will not disrupt any public infrastructure under Phase I.

In areas of ribbon development where squatters have established businesses within theRoW, the Col 1 will be kept as close as possible to the construction limit. In open areaswith minor ribbon development, where squatters have raised the level of their occupiedarea to the road level, the distance of the construction limit from the central line of thecarriageway is much shorter than it would have been if the embankment were resting onnatural ground. The CoI I limit of 2.5 m from the construction limit fixed for open areaswill therefore apply. However, where squatters' structures are located on naturabgroundwith enough margin for the construction of an embankment and toe ditch/drain, the Col Ilimit will be kept as near the construction limit as possible in order to avoid unnecessaryresettlement.

6.3.2 Displacement of Squatters Under Phase I

Of the six sections that fall under Phase I, only two sections, ie, Hyderabad-Hala andHala-Moro have squatters' structures locatcd within the Col 1. Exhibit 6.1 depictssection-wise statistics for the various types of squatters' structures falling within the Col1 of the project corridor's Phase I sections. Their details are as follows:

>. Of 65 structures located within the RoW of the Hyderabad-Hala section, 16structures, ie, 14 mobile vendor units and two thatched sheds fall in the Col 1.

03119/03 Land Acquisition, Resettlement, and Compensation6-2


*. Of 179 structures located within the RoW of the Hala-Moro section, only 12 willbe affected. These include fourpucca (brick-built) shops, five shop cum thatchedsheds, two kiosks, and one thatched shed.

* The remaining Phase I sections, ie, Karachi-Hyderabad, Gujranwala-Kharian,Turnol-Chablat, and Nowshera-Peshawar, have no squatters' structures fallingwithin the CoI 1.

In total, 28 structures and the business income of 36 PAPs, ie, 26 squatter-owners, twosquatter-tenants, six squatter-employees, and two absentee owners, will be affected oncetheir commercial facilities are removed from the Hyderabad-Hala and Hala-Morosections (see Exhibits 6.2 and 6.3 for details).

The project's RSP contracts will not entail any resettlement since all squatters'settlements lie outside the Col I limit.

Exhibit 6.1: Squatters' Structures Within CoI 1 of Phase I Sections

Within Col 1Section Chainage Town/Village Total

S S+TS K H TS VM

Karachi-Hyderabad - - - - - - -

Hyderabad-Hala 187 Bahu Dero -

189 Sekhat - - - - 1 14 15

ECW 193 Khyber - - - - 1 14 15

201 Khandu - - - - - - -

206 Bhit Shah Mor … … … … -

Scattered - - - - 1 -

Total - - -- 2 14 16

Hala-Moro 238 Hala Branch … … … … -

240 Sabu Rahu - 1 2 - - 3

256 Goth Panhal Khan 3 3 - - 1 - 7

ECW 258 Dino 1 1 - °- - 2

Scaftered … … … … -

269 Mashakh - - -

286 Bachalpur - - -

288 Nawab Walii…Muhammad Khan

308 Shahpur Jahania…-

Total 4 5 2 - I - 12

Gujranwala--Kharlan - - - -

Tumol-Chablat

Nowshera-Peshawar

S: Shop K: Kiosk (khokha) H: House TS: Thatched shed

VM: Mobile vendor within median

0Y19/03 Land Acquisitlon, Resettlement, and Compensation

6-3


Exhibit 6.2: Potential Project-Affected Persons on the Hyderabad-Hala Section

Structure Type

ID Chainage Name Nature of Business Status *t '* EE

E a ,) > ~~iE ag g Q0.S0S

s/o Khan Mohommad median; thatchedo t

2~~~~~. u.,

roof

3022 193076 Achar Cobbler Owner VM Stall with jute 6 x 8 - - - 20,000 - NA 3,000 - - 17s/o Hari Chand canopy

3000 193100 HaJI Fish Owner VM Trolley-cart 5 x 3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 2,100 - - 30s/o Sathi

3001 193102 M Rafi General merchant Owner VM Stall with jute 5 x 3 - - - 10,000 1,000 NA 2,400 - - 30s/o Ahmed Khan canopy

3002 193105 Allah Ubhaa Sweetmeats Owner VM Trolley-cart 3 x 3 - - - 10,000 - NA 3,750 - - 30s/o M Ramzan

3003 193108 Nafeez Ahmed Poultry Owner VM Jute canopy under 8x 6 - - - 5,000 1,500 NA 2,400 - - 30s/o Shafi Mohammad tree shade

3004 193110 RlazAhmed General merchant Owner TS Thatched roofwith 50x6 - - - 5,000 2,000 1,200 2,100 1 1,000 30s/o Soof Khan timber pillar

3005 193114 Munawar Hussain General merchant Owner VM Stall with jute 3 x 2 - - - 3,000 - NA 1,500 - - 30s/o Rasul Bux canopy

3006 193118 Hakim Ali Tobacco Owner VM Trolley-cart 5 x 3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 1,800 - - 30s/o Allah DMnoha

Consnnues...

03/19/03 Land AcquIsitlon, Resettlement, and Compensation6-4


.. Continued

Structure Type

,0~~~~~~ _E~~~~~

ID Chamnage Name Nature of Status 3 o - E BEBusiness ' 3 c

s/o Bahuddcn canopy

3008 193128 Sahib Khan General merchant Owner VM Jute canopy under 10 x3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 2,100 - - 30s/o Nek Mohammad tree shade

3009 193135 Hajl Mangi General merchant Owner VM Trolley-cart 5 x 3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 1,500 - - 30s/o Ghoush Deenam

3010 193138 Gul Sher Fruit and vegetablesOwner VM Trolley-cart 5 x 3 - - - 5,000 1,500 NA 3,000 - - 30s/o Mithu

3011 193145 UmarDin FruitandvegetablesOwner VM Trolley-cart 5x3 - - - 5,000 1,500 NA 3,000 - - 30slo Bashir ud Din

3012 193150 Shabir Poultry Owner VM Trolley-cart 5x3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 3,000 - - 30s/o Ghanl Deenam

3013 193153 Dhani Bux Poultry Owner VM Trolley-cart 5 x 3 - - - 5,000 1,000 NA 3,000 - - 30s/o Wikew

Structure type: Roof: 1 RCC; 2 R8C; 3 = Tiled; 4 = Asbestos/iron sheets; 5 = Thatched, 6 = OtherWalls: 1 = Mud, 2 = Brick masonry; 3 = Waij plasteringFloor: 1 = Mud; 2 = Brick floor; 3 = Stone; 4 = Concrete

V = Mobile vendor; VM = Mobile vendor within median; TS = Thatched shed; S = Shop; K = Kiosk


03/19/03 Land Acquisition, Resettlement, and Compensation6-5


Exhibit.6.3: Potential Project-Affected Persons on the Hala-Moro Section

Structure Type

0~~~~~~~~~~~~

ID Chainage Name Nature of Status i a .D a EBusiness 3 0 sE

co m 4) -C o t ) l 01 0 "

a a co.- LS-2 a I _0

3546 240589 NoorwAhmed Tea stall Owner S+TS 25x30 3,5 3 1,2 300,000 10,000 18,720 6,000 - - - 22

3547 240592 s/a M Shaidque Tobacco Owner K 6x6 - - - 15.000 5,000 NA 1,500 - - - 20

3549 240602 s/o Raees Tobacco Owner K 6x6 - - - 10,000 5,000 NA 3,000 - - - 22

3552 256380 Noor Mohammad Tea stall Owner TS 20x25 5 3 1 50,000 50,000 42,500 7,500 3 1,500 - 25s/c, Chutal Khan

3553 256390 sDr Ghulam Hussain Clinic Owner/ S 12x4Q 3 2 2 70,000 50,000 NA 7,500 1 2,000 - 272530 s/o Allahdad Clncencroacher

3554 256400 M Oasim Empty Owner/ S Ts 27x40 3 1 1 100,000 100,000 NA Empty shop - - - 27s/o Dost Mohammad encroacher+T

3555 256430 M Rafique Tea stall Tenant/ SlTSl25x40 3 2 1 150,000 250,000 NA 6,000 - Allah Dad 25s/a Shamsher All encroacherS+SS 4

3556 256440 M Buksh General merchant Owner S+TS 8x20 3,5 2 1,2 25,000 40,000 20,400 1,500 - - - 27

Contnues...

03/19/03 Land Acquisilon, Resettlement and Compensation6-6

Social Assessment of Pakhstan Highway Rehabilitation Project

...Continued

Structure Type

r~~~~~~~~

ID Chainage ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -Name -7~ a

ID Chainage Namie Nature of Status 3 , a ) 8 EBusiness a * o6 E .

o '*- ~ ~ ~~~-a~~ (U~~~, 10 *r Lu

to 0 0 a. 6 o O-

s/o Ghulam Rasool General merchant Owner S 12x12 1 1 4 50,000 60,000 43,200 1,500 - - - 30

3558 256550 Zamir Hussain Goods transport Owner S 30x24 3 2 2 250,000 100,000 94,320 9,000 - - - 27s/o M Ismall

3559 258600 Haji Shair Cotton and wheat Tenant S 30x15 3 2 4 250,000 150,000 99,000 4,500 - - Fareeya Shah 25s/o M Munlr

3561 258633 Hail M Mohl Tea stall Owner/ S+TS 15x45 - 2 2 10,000 150,000 NA 3,000 - - - 25s/o M Mithal encroacher

Structure type. Roof: 1 = RCC; 2 = RBC; 3 = Tiled; 4 = AsbestosAiron sheets; 5 = Thatched, 6 = OtherWalls: 1 = Mud; 2 = Brick masonry, 3 = Wall plasteringFloor: 1 = Mud; 2 = Brick floor; 3 = Stone; 4 = Concrete

V = Mobile vendor; VM = Mobile vendor within medlan; TS = Thatched shed; S = Shop; K = Klosk


03/19103 Land Acquislton, Resettlement, and Compensation6-7


6.4 Entitlement Policy Framework Under Resettlement Plan

The governing legislation governing land acquisition and compensation is the LandAcquisition Act, 1894. The LAA is limited to a cash compensation policy for theacquisition of land and built-up property, and damage to other assets such as crops, trees,and infrastructure. The LAA does not take into account the rehabilitation andresettlement of displaced populations and the restoration of their livelihoods.

To address these concerns, a Draft National Resettlement Policy and related DraftNational Resettlement Ordinance were prepared following a national consultativeprocess. Both World Bank policies on resettlement as well as the Draft NationalResettlement Policy provide full protection to squatters. Taking into account therequirements of the LAA, the Draft National Resettlement Policy, and World Bankpolicies, an entitlement policy framework was developed to define compensation for theacquisition of land and built-up property and for resettling project-affected persons(PAPs) operating within the Col 1, and therefore subject to involuntary relocation. Thisis summarized in matrix form in Exhibit 6.4.

The basic principles of the entitlement framework are as follows:

* The NHA will ensure that as far as possible, squatters' business earnings are notaffected by resettlement.

* The NHA will help shift affected squatters to the nearest possible location withinthe RoW, and provide altemative structures to squatters whose original structurescannot be moved any further back into the RoW

*- The owners of affected structures will be allowed to salvage their buildingmaterial.

* Squatters will be provided an income safety net cushioning them against potentialdelays in re-establishing them at alternative sites.

*. Encroachments, ie, structures that have been established on proprietary land, partof which extends into the RoW, will removed without any compensation.

Under the entitlement policy framework matrix, the categories of 'loss'^entitlingcompensation are defined as follows.

*. Privately owned land

*. Privately owned, built-up property

* Squatters' commercial structures within the Col

* Trees within a residential/commercial compound

o Squatter-owned utilities

*. Buildings or structures of cultural or religious significance.

Each is described in more detail below.



Loss of Squafter-Owned AssetsSquatters who own any fixed assets, such as hand pumps or boundary walls, that fallwithin CoI 1 will allowed to salvage the facilities before they are demolished, and helpedto shift these facilities within 5 ln of the original location.

Loss of Trees Within ResidentiallCommercial CompoundSquatters who either own or rent a compound encompassing trees that need to be clearedwill be allowed to salvage the wood before the trees are cleared.

Loss of Culturally Signiricant BuildingsShould any structures of religious or cultural significance need to be demolished, theNHA will compensate the existing mosque committee or Imam on a replacement-costbasis. The NHA will also arrange a space at the nearest appropriate location to re-establish the facility, and provide assistance in shifting any salvageable material. In thecase of graves, the LAC will finance the shifting of the graves by authorized communityrepresentatives.

6.4.1 Extent of Resettlement Under Phase I

As shown in Exhibit 6.1, the total number of structures located within the Col numbers16 on the Hyderabad-Hala and 12 on the Hala-Moro section. 14 of these structures aremobile, ie, operated by mobile vendors, and can be moved out of the Col and furtherback within the RoW without incurring any damage. The NRA will compensate and helpresettle the owners of a further ten structures that need to be dismantled. All 24businesses will be entitled to assistance with shifting. The remaining four structures areencroachments and will be removed without compensation or assistance.

O3/i1I03 Land Acquisition, Resettlement, and Compensation6-10


Loss of Privately Owned Land

The owner will be entitled to cash compensation for the loss of privately owned land, theownership of which will be verified on the basis of the current record of rights with theprovincial Board of Revenue. The LAC, in consultation with the stakeholders concermed,will value the land based on its current market value, land type, productivity and locationunder Section 11 of the LAA. The NHA and LAC will assess the value of the land on thebasis of the most recent survey carried out by provincial revenue staff. Once this valuehas been established, the NHA will be responsible for disbursing all compensationpayments.

If the loss extends to area under crops or trees, the concerned government departments,eg, the provincial agriculture or forest departrnent, will value these assets on the basis ofthe most recent survey. In addition to the market value of the land, the project-affectedperson will be entitled to an additional sum of 15% of the land value in case ofcompulsory acquisition.

Loss of Privately Owned, Built-up Property

The owner will be entitled to cash compensation on a replacement-cost basis for the lossof privately owned, built-up property, the ownership of which will be verified on thebasis of the provincial excise and taxation record in the case of urban property, and saledeeds/utility bills in the case of rural property. The value of the property will be assessednet of the value of salvaged material and include the cost of shifting.

As above, the NHA will be responsible for disbursing all compensation payments. Thecontractor will not demolish the structure until the compensation amount has beenreleased.

Loss of Squatters' Commercial Structures Within Col 1

Squatters who own and run a commercial business that falls within the Col 1 will be re-established at a location as near as possible within the RoW. Squatters whose structurescannot be moved any further back into the RoW will be provided new kiosks, leased bythe NRA under arrangements with the local administration to provide utilities to thesesettlements. Isolated kiosks that fall in areas that are not serviced will We leased tosquatters at adjusted rates to compensate for this lack of services. Squatter-owners willalso be allowed to salvage their structure material, and helped to shift their persoaalbelongings to their new location by the NRA.

In order to ensure that squatters' business earnings are not affected by their displacement,they will be given two months' notice before being relocated. In addition, should therebe any delay in resettlement, squatters will be provided livelihood assistance at a givenrate until such time that their new kiosks are ready for occupation. In order to protectsquatters' employees, this assistance will be made conditional on workers being retainedby their present squatter-employers.

Squatter-tenants who run a commercial business that falls within the Col 1 will beentitled to the same facilities described above, apart from the salvage of buildingmaterial. Absentee squatter-owners who are not currently running a business within theCol 1 will only be entitled to salvage their structure material.

03/19/03 Land Acquositlon, Resettlement, and Compensation6-9

Note: xhiiihit 6.4 stands Stl. I'FR(')Is)) Social Assessment ofPakirtan Highway Rehabilitation Project& Replaced hb the 'Rce"ttlenient Polic, l rarnieNork' attachecl as Appendix-A (pages 24-3(0) to the

Fn% ironmiental A,sessment SumniarN (Pbiawe I & II)

Exhibit 6.4: Entitlement Policy Framework Matrix Under Resettlement Plan

No. Defintion of PAP Definition of Entitlement Additional Facilities Actions ResponsibilityI Loss of Privately Owned Land

Owner of land as Cash compensabon in accordance with the Provincial revenue staff (tehsildars) will Land valued based on a fair market LAC invenfied by market value following the acquisition process carry out a survey of land prices based on price as determined by the LAC consultation withupdated revenue laid out in the LAA under non-emergency recent transactons of similar lands, following the acquisibon process laid stakeholdersrecord situations, keeping in view the land type, registered for the preceding one year out In the LAA

productivity, locaUon, and record of past around locabons where the land Is to betransactions acquiredCompensation for loss of crops and trees as Crops, fruit-bearing and other trees Land class updated based on a cut-off LAC andprovided In the LAA valued by respective departments date department

concerned

In additon to the market value of the land, Compensation paid promptly, In LACthe owner of the land will be entitled to an accordance with the LAA, and prior toaddibonal sum of 15% of the land value If takeover of landthe acquisiton was compulsory

Transfer deed and title changed from LAC and NHAthe original owner to NHA

11 Loss of Private, Built-up Property

Owner of Cash compensabon on a replacement-cost Replacement cost net of salvage value LACproperty based basis net of salvage value and Inclusive of assessed in accordance with theon venfied cost of shiftng schedule of rates of the provincialdocuments Buildings and Roads Department,

inclusive of currently applicablepremiumCompensation paid promptly, In LACaccordance with the LAA, and prior totakeover of landStructure to be demolished once NHAcompensabon amount has beenreleased

Continues..


SocialAsse.svment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

..uoninuned

No. Dofinition of Definition of Entitlement Additional Facilities Actions ResponsibilityPAP

IiI Loss of Squatters' Commercial Structures Within Col I

Squatter- Squatter-owners to be reseKtled New kiosks will be provided within the RoW NHA to keep provision in the constructon NHAowner within the RoW to re-establish their and leased ' to those squatter-owners whose contract budget for the constructon of newoperatng business at the nearest appropriate structures cannot be moved any further back kiosksbusiness location in the vicinity of their original from their current locaton in the RoW

place of business

In cases where new kiosks fall in areas that are NHA to collect lease payments at adjusted NHAnot serviced, lease payments will be adjusted ratesto compensate for the lack of publicublities/facilities that squatter-owners wouldotherwise be entitled to

NHA to serve notice to affected squatter- NHAowners at least two months prior to the startof construcion

NHA to provide the contractor with altematve NHA andsites for kiosks; the constructon site within contractorthe reach will not be handed over to thecontractor until these kiosks are completed

NHA to ensure that squatter-owners are NHAcompensated through the provision of leasedkiosks, and provided shiftng assistancebefore the construction site is handed over tothe contractor

NHA to enter into a written agreement with NHA, localthe local service provider to manage the new govemment andkiosks, provide utlities, and prevent further service providerencroachments in the resetted area

Squatter-owners will be exempted from lease NHA and local government to forego lease NHA and localpayments for a period that is twice the payments to compensate for delay in govemmentdisturbance period (le, the period from the date relocationof relocaton to the date of reseKtlement Into thenew kiosks)

Contnues..

03/19/03 Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Compensation6-12

SocialAssessment ofPaklistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

...Continued

No. Definition of Definition of Entitement Additional Facilities Actions ResponsibilityPAP

In case new kiosks are not provided within a period of Uvelihood assistance to be paid by NHA NHAtwo months of relocabon, squatter-owners will be on a monthly basis (NHA to keepprovided livelihood assistance at the rate of Rs provision In the local component of5,000/month until such tme as the new kiosks are project cost /RMF budget)made available

Owner allowed to salvage building Assistance in shifting belongings/salvageable material NHA to keep provision In the construction NHAmaterial will be provided to all squatter-owners operating in the contract budget for assistance In shifting

Col 1

Squatter- Squatter-tenants to be resettled New kiosks will be provided within the RoW and NHA to keep provision in the construcbon NHAtenants within the RoW to re-establish their leased a to those squatter-tenants whose structures contract budget for the construction ofoperating business at the nearest appropnate cannot be moved any further back from their curnent new kiosksbusiness location in the vicinity of their location In the RoW

original place of business

In cases where new kiosks fall in areas that are not NHA to collect lease payments at NHAserviced, lease payments will be adjusted to adjusted ratescompensate for the lack of public ublities/facilities thatsquatter-tenants would otherwise be enttled to

NHA to serve notice to affected squatter- NHAtenants at least two months prior to thestart of construction

NHA to provide the contractor with NHA andaltematve sites for kiosks; the contractorconstruction site within the reach will notbe handed over to the contractor untilthese kiosks are completed

NHA to ensure that squatter-tenants are NHAcompensated through the provision ofleased kiosks, and provided shiftingassistance before the construction site ishanded over to the contractor

Continues...

03/19/03 Land Acquisiton, Resettlement, and Compensation6-13


...ConDnuea

No. Definition of Definition of Additional Facilities Actions ResponsibilityPAP Entitlement

NHA to enter into a written agreement with NHA, localthe local service provider to manage the new govemment, andklosks, provide utilities, and prevent further service providerencroachments in the resetted area

Squatter-tenants will be exempted from lease payments for a NHA and local administration to forego lease NHAperiod that is twice the disturbance penod (le, the period from payments to compensate for delay Inthe date of relocaton to the date of resettlement Into the new relocationklosks)

In case new klosks are not provided within a period of two Uvelihood assistance to be paid by NHA on NHAmonths of relocation, squatter-tenants will be provided a monthly basis (NHA to keep provision inlivelihood assistance at the rate of Rs 5,0001/month until such the local component of project costVRMFtime as the new kiosks are made available. budget)

Assistance in shifting belongings/salvageable material will be NHA to keep provislon In the construction NHAprovided to all squabter-tenants operating in the Col 1 contract budget for assistance in shifting

Absentee Allowed to NHA to serve notce to affected squatters at NHAsquatter-owner salvage facilities least two months prior to the start ofnot operating and materials construction worksbusiness

IV Loss of Community/Privately-Owned Utilities b

Squatter-owner Allowed to NHA to serve notce to affected squatter- NHAsalvage facilities owners at least two months prior to the start

of construction

Assistance In shiftng salvaged matenal to a location within 5 NHA to keep provision In the construction NHAkm of the original location contract budget for assistance In shifting

NHA to ensure that squatters are provided NHAshiffing assistance before the conbtactor Ismobilized In the concemed reach

Continues...

03119/03 Land AcquIsitlon, Resettlement and Compensation6-14

SocialAssessment of Pakistan HighwayRehabilitation Project

...Contnued

No. Definition of PAP Definition of Entitlement Additional Facilities Actions Responsibility

V Loss of Trees Owned by Squatters

Squatter-owner or tenant as Allowed to salvage trees/wood NHA to serve notice to NHAapplicable affected squatterg at least two

months prior to the start ofconstructon

VI Loss of Culturally Significant Buildings

Existrng mosque committee or Cash compensation on a replacement-cost Replacement cost assessed In NHAImam basis net of salvage value accordance with the latest

schedule of rates

NHA to arrange space at NHA to keep provision in the NHA and local govemmentthe nearest appropriate project budget for providinglocation to reestablish the spacefacility

Assistance In shifting NHA to keep provision In the NHAsalvageable material contract budget for assistance

in shifting

Community/caretaker Shifting of graves Assistance in shifting NHA to keep provision in the NHA and local govemmentresponsible for graves graves to the nearest contract budget for assistance in consultation with

appropriate location in shifting stakeholders

a Revenue from lease payments will be shared between the NHA and local govemment

b Community-owned utilities include hand pumps, boundary walls, and other fixed assets that can be salvaged.

LAC: Land acquisition collectorLAA: Land Acquisition Act, 1894


SocialAssessment of Pakistan Highway Rehahilitation Project

6.5 Resettlement Monitoring Plan

The approach to be adopted for monitoring of resettlement will be similar to thearrangements successfully tested by the NHA under previous projects with the localauthorities in Punjab and NWFP. The General Manager Lands/Environment (GM LE)will be responsible for supervising the resettlement program under the entitlement policyframework presented in Exhibit 6.4, and conducting surveys to determine resettlementrequirements.

A resettlement committee consisting of the Deputy Director Maintenance, DeputyManager'Environment, and the Land Acquisition Collector will be appointed to monitorthe resettlement process and to ensure that it conforms to the entitlement policyframework adopted for the project Specifically, the resettlement committee will ensurethat the following activities are carried out transparently and according to acceptablestandards:

* Verifying project-affected persons, specifically squatters, on the basis of theirnational identity card numbers/photographs to ensure that only those PAPsrecorded during the census survey are allowed to claim entitlement benefits (seeExhibits 6.1 to 6.3).

* Identifying which public facilities and utilities need to be relocated

* Identifying suitable relocation sites

*o Signing leases and recording compensation payments in case of delays

* Providing shifting assistance to displaced squatters.

* Verifying that the amount to be paid as compensation and the schedule ofcompensation is in conformity with the provisions of the entitlement policyframework.

*. Recording and addressing the concerns of PAPs during and after resettlement.

Given the wide expanse of the project area, it will not be possible to engage a singleNGO to oversee resettlement as a third-party monitor. Instead, the coneerned area's localauthorities, ie, elected local bodies and administration will be assigned this responsibility,aided by community-based organizations (CBO), where available. The GM LE'sbofficewill liaise with CBO representatives and organize a joint committee to overseeresettlement activities.

6.6 Institutional Arrangements

Institutional arrangements and responsibilities for land acquisition and resettlement aredescribed in Exhibit 6.4. The staff of the GM LE will be responsible for managing landacquisition and resettlement on bchalf of the NHA. The Land Acquisition Collector,supported by a valuation committee will determine the value of the land, while theprovincial revenue department staff will assess the value of trees/assets on the land to beacquired.


Social Asessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

The NHA will be responsible for the valuation of built-up property, and will also beresponsible for providing compensation for acquired land, property and structures.

The following activities will be carried out in collaboration among the contractors, andthe staff of the NHA Project Director and General Managers (Provinces), the LandAcquisition Collector, and stakeholder/community representatives:

* Compensation for the loss of privately owned land and built-up property

o Construction of new kiosks for displaced squatters, provision of shiftingasistance, and subsequent leasing arrangements

* Relocation of existing public and community-owned utilities that fall within theCol 1

* Relocation of all culturally significant structures falling within the CoI 1.

6.7 Proposed Resettlement Budget

Under Phase I, ten new kiosks will be constructed to accommodate displaced squatterswhose structures cannot be moved any further back from their current location in theRoW. The remaining 14 of 24 squatters, whose structures are mobile and can be movedfurther back into the RoW without requiring further relocation, will be provided onlyshifting assistance. The cost of PAPs' resettlement under Phase I (including livelihoodassistance if required) is estimated at Rs 678,000, and includes a contingency sum of Rs154,000. In addition, a provisional sum of Rs 6,646,000 has been earmarked forrelocating public utilities, mosques and graves that could potentially be affected in theRoW. The proposed total resettlement budget for Phase I will therefore be Rs 7,324,000.

Exhibit 6.5 provides a breakdown of the proposed resettlement costs under Phase I of theproject.



Exhibit 6.5: Proposed Resettlement Budget for Phase I

Description Quantity Total Cost Rate per Unit(Rs '000)

Construction of new kiosks 10 kiosks 400 40,000/kiosk inclusiveof utlity connections

Contingency for loss of 10 businesses 100 5,000/monthlivelihood (two months'delay)

Shifting assistance for 24 businesses 24 Two trips @ 500/trip,businesses le, 1,000/business

Contingency for - 154 -resettlement

Subtotal - 678 -

Provision for relocation of 76 utility items 76 1 OOO/tility itemutilities

Provision for replacement 13 mosques 6,500 500,000/mosquecost of mosques

Provision for relocation of 7 graves 70 10,000/gravegraves/shrines

Subtotal - 6,646

Total 7,324


Social A..vessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Appendix A: Census and Socioeconomic SurveyForms

Form SA-11

(Census of Residents)

1. Candidate Section, Chainage (km)

2. Name of Resident Father's Name

Address

3. Information on family members who live with you.

Name Relationship Sex Age Educatfon Marital Occupation AnnualRelatih Ip Sex Age Educabaon Status (exact) Income

03/19103 Appendix A

A-l

Social Assesment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitalion Project

4. What is your occupancy status?

[a Owner El Tenant El Any other status (specify)

5. How long have you lived In this house? years

6. What Is the total area on which this house was constructed?

7. Information on structure

Floor (7ick) Roof Type (lck) Wall (Tick) Floor (Tick)

structure Si 'A

Typ e Siea .

XRoom1~~~. 0 = a [ II1TTrXRoom2 ~ 0 0 1 '. fL T0

cj -. 0 0.

~~~~~~~~~' :z c 0 72 o5 0

Room 1

Room 2

Room 3

Room 4

Room 5

Room 6

Kitchen

Animal shed

Any other(specify)

8. Constructed area

El Pucca E Katcha Total

9. Water sources being affected

El Dug well El Hand pump E M-C connection

El Other (specify)

10. Information on trees

No. Type of Trees No. Age Estimate

1. Fruit trees

2. Shade trees

03,19/03 Appendix AA-2

Social Assessment ofPakLvtian Highway Rehabilitation Project

11. Details of Structure in RoW

No. Type of Structurea Type of Structure in RoWP Present Useb

1.

2.

3.

4.

a 1 Pucca; 2 Semi pucca; 3 Katcha; 4 Vacant plot; 5 Agricultural land6 Structure cum plot; 7 Boundary wall; 8 Roof shed; 9 Other (specify)

b 1 Residential; 2 Commercial; 3 Office; 4 Cattle shed; 5 Residential cum commercial6 Farm house; 7 Other (specify)

12. In your opinion what is the market value of:

i. The land of your house Rs.

ii. The building (inclusive of all structures like rooms,baths, kitchen, animal shed) Rs.

13. What is the rental value of your house? Rs. -

14. Do you have ownership documents for this house? Cl Yes El No

Only for Tenants

15. Have you added any structure to the owner's building? E Yes O No

16. If yes, give details on added structure

17. In your opinion what is the market value of this investment?

18. What is the lease period of your tenancy?

19. Do you own a house in this area? O Yes O No

20. If you were to have to vacate this house, would you have an altemativeplace to go? El Yes El No

For People Whose Agricultural Land is Affected

21. How much land do you operate here? r_ aes

03/19/03 Appendix AA-3

Social Assessment ofPakivtan Highway Rehabilitation Project

22. What Is your tenancy status with this land? O Owner E Tenant

23. If owner, do you have ownership documents? Ol Yes D No(In case of yes, see documents)

24. How long have you been cultivating this land? years

25. Have you erected any structures on this land? El Yes El No

26. If yes, give details of these structures.

1. Market value Rs.

2. Market value Rs.

27. How much of this land is presently under crop?

28. How much total yield do you expect from this crop?

Total quantity Expected market value

29. What is the expected market value of this land?

30. Do you own cultivable land elsewhere? E Yes E No

31. If yes, how many acres?

32. How much land (acres) is in the RoW? To be acquired

33. This road is to undergo major repair/improvement. For thispurpose the govemment will have to displace you. Do you haveany other place/land to move to/cultivate? E Yes O No

34. How much time would you need to move to a new location?

35. What kind of help would you need to relocate?

Compensation for land Help in construction

Compensation for structure Help in removal of fixtures_

Place for resettlement Help during transitional period

35. How will this relocation affect your livelihood?

Loss of livelihood Increase in income

Decrease in income How much?

No effect_

36. How will relocation affect your quality of life?E No effect Ol Negatively El Positively

Name of interviewer Date

03/19/03 Appendix AAX4


Additional Information

Chainage

Offset (from center of CW)

Q.No. lnformation Required

4. If Tenanti) Name of ownerii) Occupationiii) Approx. monthly income

Roof type Room #

1. RCC

2. RBC

3. Tiled

J) T-iron, girders

ii) Wooden ribs

Xii) Wooden planks

Walls1. Brick masonry

i) Katcha brick walls

ii) Pucca bricks with mud mortariii) Pucca bricks with cement mortar

2. Wall plastering

i) Mud plastering

ii) Cement plastering

iii) Pointing

Floor

1. Brick floor

i) Bricks

ii) Bricks with cement pointing

iii) Bricks with plastering

2. Concretei) Concrete

ii) Concrete plastering

iii) Concrete mosaic

Plot Dimensions (ft)

Width (front on roadside)

Length (perpendicular to road)

03119/03 Appendix AA-5


Form SA-12

(Census of Business OwnerslOperators)

1. Candidate Section Chainage (km)

2. Name of Business Operator fathers Name

3. What type of business do you operate?

El] Tea stall [2] Grocery [3] Garments

[4] Cloth shop [5] Chemist [6] Auto spare parts

[7] Sweat meat [8] Sweetmeats [9] Eatery

[10] Fruit and vegetables [11] Only fruit 112] Only vegetables

[13] Paan/cigarettes [14] Bicycle repair [15] Tyre repair

[16] Tailoring [171 General merchant [18] Clinic

I19] SchooVcollege [20] Motel/hotel {21] Barber

[22] Bakery

4. What is your occupancy status of this shop/business?

Ol Owner El Tenant El Other (specify)

5. If tenant, name of owner

6. If you are the owner, do you have ownership documents? El Yes El No

7. How long have you operated this business?_ years

8. How many persons are employed in this shop?

El One El Two El Three El Four

9. Names and addresses of employees

Sr. No. Name Father's Name and Address Monthly Salary

10. What are your average daily earnings? Rs

11. What is the size of this shop?


Social Assesnment of PakLstan Highway Rehabilitation Project

12. What structure is this shop classified as?

13. What is the market land value of this shop? Rs

14. What is the estimated market value of shop structure? Rs

Only for Tenants

15. How much monthly rent do you pay?

16. Have you made any structural Investments in this shopfrom your own pocket? O Yes El No

17. If yes, how much amount have you spent?

18. What is the lease period of this shop?

19. This road is to undergo major repair/improvement. For thispurpose the govemment will have to displace you. Do you haveany other place/land to move to/cultivate? El Yes O No

If yes

1. How far away is it from here? _ km

2. Do you own this place? El Yes E No

20. How much time would you need to move to a new location?

21. If you have employees working in your shop/business,would you agree to take them with you? [ Yes [I No

22. What kind of help would you need to relocate?

Compensation for land Help in construction_

Compensation for structure Help in removal of fixtures_

Place for resettlement Help during transitional period

23. How will this relocation affect your livelihood?

Loss of livelihood Increase in income

Decrease in income How much?

No effect___ __

24. How will relocation affect your quality of life?O No effect O Negatively O Positively

Name of Interviewer Date

03/19103 Appendix AA-7

Social Asseusment of Pakirtan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Additional Information

Chainage:

Offset (from Center of CW):

Q.No. Infonnation Required

4. If tenanti) What is name of Owner?ii) Occupationiii) Approx Monthly Income (Rs)

11 Type of Shop Structure: Structure (Main) Extended Structure(Shed etc.)

Roof

1. R.C.C

2. R.B.C

3. Tiled

i) T- Iron, Girders

ii) Wooden Ribs

Fit) Wooden Planks

4. Asbestos/lron Sheets

5. Thatched

6. Other Specify

Walls

1. Mud

2. Brick Masonry

i) Katcha Bricks Walls

ii) Pacca Bricks with Mud Mortar

iii) Pacca Bricks with Cement Mortar

3. Wall Plastering

i) Mud Plastering

ii) Cement Plastering

ii) Pointing

Continues ...



... Continued

Q.No. Information Required

Floor

1. Mud -

2. Brick Floor

i) Bricks

ii) Bricks with Cement Pointing

ili) Bricks with Plastering

3. Stone

4. Concrete

ii) Concrete

ii) Plastering

iii) Mosaic

17 H yes

1. How for away from this place? (Km)

2. Do you own this place? El Yes El No

Structure Dimensions:

Width (Front on road site ft) l l

Length (Perpendicular to road ft) _ _


SocialAssemsment ofPakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Form SA-13

(Socioeconomic Survey)

1. Candidate Section Chainage: (Kilometer)

2. Name and Address

3. Infornation about family members who eat / reside with you.

Relationship ation ~~~~~~~Monthly Avg.Name Relaonship Sex Age Educaon Marital Occupaon Income from allwith Head ex Ae Euain Status (exact) sources

1. Respondent

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

4. How much property do you own:

Total Land area owned at all places:

House (Area of house)

5. Which of the following items do you have?

1. Refrigerator 7. Electric Iron 13 Car 19. Air Conditioner

2. Deep Freezer 8. Sewing Machine 14. Van/Pick up 20. Power Generator

3. Television 9. Radio/Tape Recorder 15. RehrafTonga 21. Electric Water Pump

4. Bicyde 10. Washing Machine 16. VCR 22. Computer

5. Geyser 11. Motor Cycle/Scooter 17. Dish Antenna 23. Microwave Oven

6. Electric Fan 12. Rickshaw 16. Telephone 24. Other Specify

03/19103 Appendix A

A-10


6. Estimates of Expenditure:

i. Food Expenses (Rs.) during the last week on:

Meet/beef/chicken Ghee/butter

Vegetables Sugar

Fruit Flour

Milk Rice

Eggs

ii. Household (non-food) expenses during the last week on:

Washing soap (powder) Auto Fuel

Bathing soap / shampoo Other (specify)

Kerosene oil Other (specify)

iii. Clothing/shoes expenses (for family) during the

Winter (last) Summer (last)

iv. Education expenses (last year average) Rs.

v. Health expenses (last year average) Rs.

vi. Utilities charges (electricity etc. during the last month) Rs.

7. During the last one year did you borrow money? El Yes E1 No

If yesi. How much money was borrowed? Rs.

ii. For what purpose(s) this money was borrowed?

iii. How much of it has been paid back?

El None El One fourth Ol One half El Three fourth [1 All

8. In your opinion should a woman take up a job for income?

E Yes E No El One if needed

9. In your opinion should a woman be free to spend hereamings the way she likes? E Yes El No

10. In your family are girls encouraged to:

Go to school El Yes E No

Leam skills E Yes E No

03119/03 Appendix AA-1l


11. In your family who mostly controls the financial matters:

a. For meeting the household expenses? O Senior male O Senior Female

a. For purchasing/selling of property? n Senior male n Senior Female

12. What are some of the pressing needs of women:

a. In your locality:

_ b. In your family:

13. To what extent women In your family participate In the decision making processes for

To a great extent To some extent Uttle/not at all

1 Household matters [1] [2] [3]

2 Purchase/sale of property l1] [2] [3]

3 The education of children [1] [2] [3]

4 Health care of children [1] [2] [3]

5 Purchase of clothes [1] [2] [3]

6 Matrimonial matters [1] [2] 13]

03/i1V03 Appendix AA-12


14. Housing Characteristics (see codes in footnote)a

Ownership Construction Financing Area of house Boundary Rooms No. of bath Lattine Drainage Water Electricity Gas(marlas) wall (Nos) Rooms type rnae supply Elcrit Ga

(a) (b) (c) Covered Open (d) (e) (fJ (g) (h) (i)

a Codes for Q. 14:

a) 1. Single owner b) 1. Katcha c) 1. Inhented d) 1. Katcha a) 1. Open field f) 1. Yes g) 1. Hand pump2. Joint owner 2. Brick & Cement 2. Self financed 2 Pacca 2. Flush 2. No 2. Well3. Rented 3. Cement Plaster 3. Loan 3. No wall 3. Ordinary 3. Tap4. Others 4. Mosaic 4. Self and loan 4. Other (Specify)

5. Others 5. Othersh) 1. Yes 1) 1. Yes

2. No 2. No

Name of Interviewer __ _____ __ Date


Social Assessment of Pakistan Highway RrAabilitation Project

Appendix B: Record of Public Consultations

BA Stakeholders' Consultative Workshops

Exhibit B.1: Statistics of Stakeholder Workshops

Date Venue No. of Participants

Engineering General Consultants

September25, 2001 Hyderabad 106

November 13, 2001 Lahore 117

Associated Road Users of Pakistan

August 30, 2000 Hyderabad 57

September 07, 2000 Gujranwala 88

September 13, 2000 Dera Ismail Khan 100

September 20, 2000 Khuzdar 154

03/19/03 Appendix BB-l


Exhibit B.2: Record of Scoping Sessions

Venue No. of Main ConcemsParticipants

Men WomenKarachi-HyderabadMarch 13, 2002Lonigoth 18 - Lack of avenue tree plantationPolice Station Inconveniently located U-tums(Dadu) Corrugated road surface causes overloaded trucks to become

unbalancedInappropriate attitude of traffic policeLack of passenger facilities, bus bays, and waiting rooms

Hyderabad-HalaMarch 7, 2002Khyber 47 2 Lack of public facilities, eg, parking stands for public vehicles,village bus bays, waiting areas, etc.(Hyderabad) Extensive encroachment and squatter settlement

Difference in elevation of ECW and ACW creates a hazard forvehiclesUndue delays in completing road works have adverse effectson business ePAPs not compensated along parts of the N5 where roadextension (ACW) was carried outAbsence ofmiddle partitioning wall, crossing points, overheadbridges and traffic signage causes accidentsAbsence of outlets to drain rain/flood water away from thehighway

Sekhat Union 19 6 Road design should incorporate provisions to minimize theCouncil office damage to buildings along the RoW(Hyderabad) Measures to minimize frequent road accidents

Need for bus stands and parking baysAdverse socioeconomic impact on PAPs should be mitigatedby providing alternative land, monetary compensation, and loanfacilitiesEnsure transparency in the calculation and payment ofcompensation to PAPsProvisions for drainage of water from the ECW (which is at alower level); and measures to minimize the damage caused tobuildings along the RoW as a result of water accumulationLocals should be provided onsite construction employmentMeasures to minimize smoke emissions from vehicular traffic,and dust during road constructionMonitoring environmental problems by a local committee

Continues...

03/19/03 Appendix B13-2

Social Asses sment ofPakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

.. Contlnued


Men Wornen

Hala-Moro

March 7, 2002Sabu Rahu 50 3 High variation in the ECW and ACW levels (about one meter)(Hyderabad) causing frequent mishaps

Lack of signboards particularly in front of educationalinstitutionsAir pollution and noise because of vehicular trafficNecessity of tree plantation

Non-payment of compensation during construction of ACWsince 1995Undue harassment by Highway officials of persons doingbusiness along RoW

Possible damage to buildings due to road expansion and theprovision of a bypass

Gujranwala-KharlanMarch 22, 2002

Rahwali 8 - Dust likely to be a hygiene problem for roadside restaurantsCantt. during construction/extension of road(District Unsatisfactory condition of highway from Jhelum to GujarGujranwala) Khan; driving rendered difficult by development of corrugations

and depressions in its surfaceNHA staff does not allow hotel customers use of the area infront of Roadside Hotels

Amrat Pura 21 9 Frequent accidents; necessity of zebra crossings(Gujranwala) Lack of signboards to caution road users

Blocked cross-drainage under old bridge due to carelessnessof NHA staff 0

Water stagnation in low lying sites in the RoW in front of thevillageLack of proper parking area for passenger busesPiles of rubbish in the RoW

Kotli Sahian 12 10 Lack of road crossing facilities resulting in frequent accidents(Gujranwala) (about 4 accidents in the past year around a single point)

Requirement of signboards particularly near educationalinstitutions, hospitals/clinics and other public places

Deona Mandi 14 5 High speed traffic causing accidents involving road crossers.(Gujrat) Environmental problems and accident hazards increased by

the establishment of a tonga/motorized rickshaw stand(average 20 tongas and 15 rickshaws) along the RoW to caterfor the needs of about 30 adjoining villages has increased

Continues.

03/19/03 Appendix BB-3

Social A.essnient of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

...ConHnued


Men Women

Lala Musa 35 10 Possible eviction problem and resulting loss of income to the(Gujrat) business community due to highway rehabilitation works

Implemented by NHA (compensation for the bonafide PAPsdemanded in the form of shops on the Gujar Khan/Dinapattern)Absence of bypass for LalamusaLack of rickshaw stand, bus bays, and passenger facilities.High frequency of fatal accidents on the highway (average 15per month); at least three overhead bridges to cross thehighway at different points requiredImproper parking site along NB part of highway

Turnol-ChablatMarch 29, 2002Margalla Hills 7 7 Establishment of temporary truck stands in close proximity ofnear Taxila the highway(Rawalpindi) Excessive number of Traffic Police checkposts (on every 10-15

km of highway)Parking of heavy earth-moving machinery by privateentrepreneurs (km 1266) in the RoW a potential hazard.Establishment of fruit market at Taxila very close to thehighwayImproper location of U-turns (at wider spacing)Use of the same road for fast as well as slow-moving traffic,including non-motorized vehicles.Prohibition on the use of extra space in front of wayside hotelsfor clientsInadequate signage

March 30, 2002Jinnah 6 3 Roads poorly litColony Hazardous road crossing(Rawalpindi) Absence of lane and/or footpath for pedestrians

Lack of drainage system; spread of diseases

Ahmednagar 21 14 Lack of highway crossings poses problems for pedestrians,(Rawalpindi) adversely affects business on both sides, and causes road

accidents (averaging 3 per month)Immense traffic problems caused by closure of U-turn in frontof POF Barrier No.3 and establishment of U-turn at a distanceof 3 km, opposite Royal Memorial HospitalHigh noise levelsVendors occupying part of RoWNeed for tree plantation

Continues..

03/19/03 Appendix B

B-4

Social Avspvsment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

...Contlnued


Men WomenNowshera-P,shawar

March 29, 2002Ismail Khel 15 8 Lack of U-turns near the village(Nowshera)Amangarh 7 4 Appreciation of double road's role in time saving and reducing(Peshawar) traffic jams

Damage to habitations at lower level than Highway due to rainand flood water accumulationProximity of residential buildings to the RoW posing constantpotential danger of mishapsAcute drainage and sanitation problemsHigh noise levels

Aurangabad 17 5 Appreciation by the locals, particularly women, of ACW(Peshawar) construction for reducing road accidents, time savings &

efficiency in transport (traffic blockade)Landowners facing difficulties in managing land on either sideof the highway, which passes through the villageLack of highway-crossingMotorway adding to road-crossing problem (longer stretch)Absence of road-crossing points for cattle and consequent highnumber of accidents involving them (on average, 20 per month)Dust, smoke, and noise forming sources of diseasePoor road construction standardGeneral tendency of road-building contractors to ignore locallaborPoor drainage along highway; stagnant water in front ofhabitations/shopsImproper location of U-turns

Sarwarabad 12 5 Appreciation of double road shown by women for easing(Peshawar) crossing for children and thus reducing chances of accidents

Skin diseases, malaria, and typhoid, as well as diarrhea,common because of open drain has causing environmentalpollution and serving as a source of mosquitoes

Accidents because of lack of partition wall in the medianCattle crossing also a problem

Nasir Kalley 8 4 Accidents due to fast traffic(Peshawar) No bus stand

Lack of crossing pointsAbsence of U-turnAbsence of drainage system

Continues...

03/19/03 Appendix B

B-5

Social Assessment of PakLvtan Highway Rehabilitation Project

... Continued


Men Women

Nasarpur 10 5 High noise levels creating disturbance and causing high blood(Peshawar) pressure

Dust and smoke causing respiratory diseases amongst localInhabitants

Chughalpura 20 9 Site prone to road accidents(Peshawar) Lack of provision for pedestrian road crossings

No provision of proper bus-stops and/or waiting rooms forpassengers at village site (women and children worst affected);bus stand established (at km 1693) at end of habitationEnvironmental pollution due to choked-up drain and abundanceof rubbish (at Mohajar Garo)Dust causing spread of respiratory diseases

O:V19/03 Appendix BB-6

Social.Assessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

Exhibit B.3: Record of Roadside Consultations

Respondents Main ConcemsHyderabad-Hala SectlonJuly 11, 2001Mr Zahid Hussain Sammon Shops are located just adjacent to the highway corridor; vehicles(Member NGO) r/o Khyber often run Into these shops.

Pedestrians have little sense of road use.Vehicle drivers generally overspeed.Careless driving by tractor drivers causes frequent accidents.Carts and vehicles parked under the shade of trees obstruct trafficand cause accidents.There are no lighting facilities for night-time traffic passing throughthe town.Outside contractors have no comprehension of local conditionsand cannot perform the job as per local requirements.

Mr Altaf All Shah The existing highway does not come up to required NHA(Computer Operator) r/o standards; shoulders are eroded and, with rubbish piled over them,Khyber movement of vehicles is difficult

Pedestrians do not have the requisite knowledge of rulesgoveming road safety.Buses cause accidents by stopping right over RoW where hotelsand shops are established.The difference in the levels of the ECW and ACW, coupled with thestagnant water in the gap, cause damage to the road surface andserve as a source of diseases (no drainage system).Smoke from vehicles is one of the major causes of environmentpollution.Tree plantation is scanty.

Dr Hassan Shah Rains have damaged the existing road shoulders, making(Physician) r/o Khyber overtaking very dangerous.

Pedestrians have very little road sense.Vehicles drivers often drive whilst under the influence ofintoxicating substances.There is no protective wall on either side of the road.Bus drivers ignore the sensitivity of the location (eg, school orhospital) when blowing the homs of their vehicles

Continues...

03119103 Appendix BB-7

Social Assessment of Paliklan Highway Rehabilitation Project

...Continued

Respondents Main Concems

Mr Ghulam Mohammad One lane of the highway is completely worn out due to(ASi Police Station accumulation of rainwater; the shoulders need heavy repair.Sakrand) rio Syed Sohail Overspeeding is the main cause of accidents.Akbar Shah Village No guiding signs have been put up

Environmental pollution and road rehabilitation cause the spread ofrespiratory diseases.Noise from pressure horns creates disturbance.No overhead bridge has been provided to allow pedestrians tocross roads.

The local people have not been consulted regarding the highwayimprovement policy.There is a lack of first aid or medical centers near the RoW.

July 12, 2001Mr Ghulam Nabi Somroo The highway, in its present form, is in a critically poor condition.(member Business Encroachments on both sides of the highway are very common.Committee: SindhGraduate Association, Heavy vehicles that overspeed are a major cause of accidents.Khyber) and other No bus stops exist; buses stop on the road.members r/o Khyber. No provision has been made for rainwater drainage.

July 13, 2001

Mr Mohammad Ramzan Proper bus stops are not available.(President Sindh Goth The road is narrow; driving is difficult; and over-taking leads toSudhar Sangat) R/o frequent accidents.Jummo Shaho near Khyber No speed breakers exist

An overhead bridge is required to facilitate road crossing.No traffic signal exists.Drivers are generally reckless (so far about 20 fatal accidentsinvolving villagers have occurred).Wild animals also fall victim to speeding vehicles.

No signboards have been fixed.Placing stones around broken down vehicles on the highway andleaving them there causes accidents.

Mr Anwar Ahmed (Student) The road is not in a condition to serve large vehicles.r/o Jummo Dero Accidents are often caused by large vehicles being driven by

conductors rather than drivers.

In the absence of an overhead bridge, people find it difficult tocross the road and must incur the risk posed by fast-movingvehicles when crossing.Roads are not maintained after construction.The median is deep and is difficult for pedestrians to cross.

Continues-

03/19/03 Appendix BB-S


...Conffnued


Mir. Nisar Ahmed (Teacher) Accidents on the highway are common; overspeeding accounts forrio Anwar Kot most of the accidents.

Noise and smoke are polluting the environmentBecause the ACW Is high, the water drains down and accumulatesin front of residential buildings, spreading diseases and damagingstructures, trees, and crops.The presence of imported labour means that local women cannotgo out and work in the fields.The compensation for affectees is generally not paid before roadrehabilitation.There are no speed breakers near populated areas.

Mr Mohammad Hussain Vendors attempting to sell their merchandise to moving vehicles(Squatter) r/o Khabran often fall and injure themselves.

Students from adjoining schools come over to the highway.During rainy season, water accumulates on the road and createsproblems for pedbstrians and squatters.Trees have been planted very close to the road and createobstructions for drivers.

Mr Shahmeer Ali (Squatter) The general public is unaware of road safety rules.r/o Sekhat Encroachments often cause accidents on the highway.

Vehicles are driven carelessly as there is no enforcement of trafficlaw.

Mr Ali Murad (Squatter) r/o Stagnant water on the road surface impedes the flow of trafficMatyari during the rainy seasons; there is no drainage system.

Overtaking of vehicles leads to accidents.No overhead bridge exists in this densely populated part of theHyderabad-Hala Section.Vehicles pose a danger to wild animals.

Mr Jumo Sheikhu The highway provides a safe escape route to the dacoits who(Squatter) r/o Khabran frequent this village.Mr Karim Dad (Squatter), Ploughs fitted to tractors crossing the road cause deep trenchingr/o Dakorywala Hatri on the road surface.

The public does not know how to cross a road.Vehicles overtaking each other at high speed often causeaccidents.Livestock grazing is common on both sides of the road and thesudden appearance of animals on the road results in accidents.

Mr Sahib Din (Squatter) r/o Drivers often fall asleep while driving, causing accidents.Sekhat Overtaking is also a major cause of accidents.

Vendors often race to board moving vehicles, which results inmishaps.

Continues...

0319/03 Appendix BB-9


...ContInued


Mr Wali Dino (Squatter) r/o The public is not educated about traffic rules and regulations.Khabran Signs have not been put up on the highway.

Trolleys loaded with sugarcane and cotton crop cover almost theentire width of the road, causing accidents.

Mr Abdul Razzaq The spreading branches of trees along the RoW obstruct vehicular(Squatter) r/o Jummo trafficShaho Travelers seated on the top of vehicles are often hit by tree

branches.Passenger coaches tend to overspeed, causing accidents.

The school gate of the Jummo Shaho village is right on thehighway and is generally crowded with students, making it apotentially hazardous area.

Mr Khadim Hussain Erosion has reduced the effective width of the highway, which is(Squatter) r/o Bato Dera the cause of many accidents.near Matyari Passenger vehicles are often overloaded.

Animal-driven carts obstruct the fast moving traffic and account formany accidents.

M/s Murad Ali, Hafez Ali Road crossing is difficult.Murad and others (Road There is no waiting room for passengers.Travelers) r/o Jakheni Marl

During road rehabilitation operations, plying of vehicles, particularlybig trucks and loaded trailers, becomes difficult, particularly when itrains.

Significant pollution is caused by the emission of smoke.

No speed breakers exist.

M/s Khadim Danno, Speeding vehicles pose hazards to the local residents who ownMohram and Ali Nawaz land across the highway; there are no speed breakers to reduce(Farmers) r/o Jummo the speed of vehicles.Shaho High noise levels, smoke, and dust resulting from vehicles pollute

the environment.With the rehabilitation of the highway, it is likely that speed levelswill increase.If the road is widened, the main gate of the Jamaa Mosque, whichcurrently opens on the road, will have to be shifted.

There are no signboards.

No bus stop and/or passengers' waiting rooms exist.Continues...

0319/03 Appendix aB-la

Social Asessmenl ofPakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

...Contnued


July 14, 2001Mst. Rina, Mst Maji, Mst The high frequency of road accidents must be checked.Bal r/o Sekhat Overworked bus drivers cannot drive safely.

Crossing the road is hazardous, particularly for old people.Speed breakers are non-existent.There are no barriers on either side of the road to prevent childrenfrom climbing onto the highway.Road Improvement might cause the influx of people from otherlocalities, creating social problems, eg, addiction of children toheroin, restriction on the movement of women.

Mst. Safooran Brohi, Mst A sharp turn on the highway and the sudden appearance of fast-Jannat Abro, Mst. moving vehicles poses serious problems for road crossing.Shameem Memon r/o Beho There is no waiting facility for bus passengers.Dero

There is a lack of appropriate signs.Avenue tree plantation is needed to absorb environmentalpollutants.

Hala-Moro SectionJuly 17, 2001

Mst. Hatil, Mst Fatimah, Pedestrians are not conversant with the traffic rules and oftenMst. Pathani, Mst. Raji r/o cause accidents. A separate path for pedestrians is required.of Pir Jhando The transportation of material for the construction of the road

(ACW) causes problems to road users.No speed breakers have been constructed to check the speed ofvehicles.Livestock must cross the road to get to the abundant bushes onthe other side.

No bus stop or waiting rooms exist.Bus drivers do not stop their vehicle to allow passengers to alightat the proper location. The local villagers are forced to hire a tongaat exorbitant charges.The inhabitants must become accustomed to high noise levels.

Residents whose houses have been affected by the roadrehabilitation program have yet to be compensated.The large difference in the ACW and ECW levels creates problemsfor pedestrians.

Trees are a great necessity in this area; they should not be cutLocal people should be employed in road rehabilitation operations.

Continues...

OY19/03 Appendix BB-1l

Social A sessment ofPakistan Highway Rehabllitation Project

...Continued


July 18, 2001

Mr Ghulam Murtaza The low-lying parts of the Highway are waterlogged and have poor(Farmer) r/o Pir Jhando drainage.

Accidents occur due toI. pot holes and depressions in the road.

ii. overbalancing of overloaded trucks attempting to avoid theoverhead branches of avenue tree plantation.

Dr Rafeeq Ahmad Javaid Depressions on the road surface, overspeeding vehicles, andr/o Bari Goth incorrect overtaking are major causes of road accidents.

The injured/dead persons on the road remain unattended for hoursat a time.Buildings are encroaching onto the RoW.

Roadside trees are being cut illegally.Mr Ghulam Rasool Traffic is slow because of the poor condition of the road, which(Squatter Fruit Seller) r/o makes It easier for vendors to sell their wares. When the ACWMoro project is completed, speed breakers must be built to check the

speed of vehicles.Roadside tree plantation is required to provide shade for vendorsand pedestrians.Overgrown branches from existing trees are obstructing vehicles atmany sites.

No signboards have been installed on the highway to cautionand/or direct drivers.

Mr Khuda Bux (Squatter There is no tree plantation.Mat Seller) r/o Bubak The highway is a shambles.Village near Manchar Lake

Mr Roop Chand (Squatter The speed of vehicles is checked by the road that is currentlyFruit Seller) r/o Saeedabad under construction.Road Speed breakers must be constructed to slow down traffic.

Employment/ business opportunities currently available will finishwith the completion of the project.

The dust level is very high.Mai Wassal, Mst Tajil, Mst. The highway is in a deplorable condition (ACW underReshaman, Mst. Izzat and construction).Mst. Hajani Haleeman r/o Vehicle drivers have little consideration for pedestrians and causeof Goth Baghio a number of accidents. There are no speed breakers to reduce the

traffic's speed.Inhabitants in the vicinity of the Highway are under constant threatfrom dacoits who escape using the Highway. .

The road is too narrow to allow the smooth passage of vehicles,which quite often fall onto the agricultural land adjoining the RoW.

Continues...

03119/03 Appendix BB-12


...Conhtnued

Respondents Main ConcemsM/s Sain Bux, Harab shah, No bus stops exist along the highway.Akbar Shah, AlIhar Keho, Trees can be looked after by the local residents.Din Mohammad (Farmers)r/o Kundi Stop Village, near The availability of transport is Inadequate and the existing busesSakrand are overloaded.

Tape recorders played at a high volume are a common nuisancefor passengers.Vehicles often slip off the road during the rainy season whenshoulders are muddy.

July 19, 2001Mr Abdul Majeed Local people are not employed in road-building operations.(Businessman) r/o Deh An alternate route should be provided during road construction.Phalail

The drainage system is not effective.Noise levels are high.The road surface is often damaged by tractors fitted with deepploughs crossing the road.

Animals killed in accidents lying on the road for long periods.There are no warning signs, instructions, or edifying verses forroad users

Mr Rasool Bux Baghio Overspeeding causes accidents.(Businessman) r/o Goth There is no provision for the drainage of standing waterGanbiro Road Moro

Extremely poor condition of ECW causes frequent accidents.The poor condition of the road has an adverse effect on hawkersand vendors.

There is an accumulation of rubbish and plastic bags along theRoW.

Mr Nisar Ahmad Memon The ECW and its alternate routes are in a deplorable state(Member, Welfare resulting in frequent, long traffic jams.Association) r/o Moro. There is a negative effect on the business of vendors.

Pedestrians and cyclists do not know how to use the road.Wildlife is dwindling because of the disturbance caused by roadconstruction operations and noise.

Dr Mushtaq Jokhio The ECW is studded with pot holes and depressions.(Veterinary Doctor) r/o The alternate route established on parts of the ECW has anMoro extremely rough surface, which causes traffic jams. Passengers

have to wait long hours for buses.Accidents involving dogs, buffaloes, and camels are common.The influx of road-building labour from other areas has had amarked influence on the area's culture.

New settlers to the area have caused the spread of disease.

PAPs must be compensated promptly.Continues...

03/19/03 Appendix B

B-13

Social Assessment ofPakistan Highwoy Rehabilitation Project

...Contlnued


Mst Jameela (General The alternate route, provided during the construction of the ACW,Councilor, Moro Union is completely inadequate.Council) r/o Moro Traffic jams are common; noise levels are high; and heavily loaded

trucks often overbalance.Fatal accidents occur frequently because of poor road conditions.Outsiders are employed in preference to local labour causing*iction. Local women find it difficult to go out of their housesbecause of the large number of non-local labourers working on theACW.No waiting room has been provided for bus passengers.Trees are scanty.

Mr Nazar Mohammad Roads having speed breakers causes more accidents than smooth(Squatter) r/o Panj Moro ones.

Hawkers/sellers running along passenger vehicles often fall victimto road accidents.An overhead bridge is required for pedestrians.

The road is so narrow that overtaking vehicles often slip off it,resulting in casualties along the RoW.

Mr Sher Mohammad The highway is completely broken down. Vehicles generally(Squatter) r/o Moro overspeed. Overtaking is extremely difficult as the shoulders of the

road are wom out; vehicles stop on the road for the same reason.These factors account for the occurrence of road accidents.Road construction material Is defective, so the road cannot bearthe pressure of overloaded vehicles.

The lack of drainage facilities causes rainwater to stand on theroads. This stagnant water becomes even dirtier due to theaccumulation of rubbish in it.Tractors damage the road surface.Vehicles cause major noise pollution.

Mr Safdar Ali (Squatter) r/o Existing road construction material is of poor quality and inPir Jhando Road inadequate quantity, so that depressions have developed in the

road surface.Depressions and corrugations on the road surface are also a resultof the overloading of vehicles far beyond permissible limits.The road is waterlogged as a result of the irrigation of agriculturalland on either side of the highway.Tree branches from roadside plantations often obstruct runningvehicles, causing accidents.

Mr Raees Nawab Wall The police do not allow business in the RoW.Mohammad (Squatter: Dust spoils the goods that are to be sold (melons).Melon Seller) r/o Kot Jan When the road construction project finishes, vendors will lose their

Mohammad Dahri clientele, since passing vehicles are unlikely to stop to allowpassengers to buy edibles.Speed breakers are required on the new road (ACW) since theadjoining village is densely populated.

Continues...

03/19/03 Appendix BB-14

Social A.ssessment of Pakistan Highway Rehabilitation Project

...Continued


Mr Javed All (Squatter Encroachments and squatting are common and fatal accidentsCoconut Seller) r/o Qazi occur when overspeeding vehicles collide intoAhmed encroachers'/squatters' establishments.

Markets, tonga/rickshaw stands, mosques, madarns, Imam-bargahs, etc., are often established on the RoW. Once theseunauthoraized structures have been put up, they are difficult toremove.

Mr llyas Korl (Squatter Only one tree exists, therefore there is insufficient shade forChhalya Seller) r/o Goth pedestrians.Ilyas Abrejo Vehicles overtake at a reckless speed.

Smoke, dust, and noise are a problem.

Mr Abro (Squatter Mango Practically a tree-less site, pedestrians have little protection hereSeller) r/o Wingheree from the scorching sun.

Mr Mohammad Machhi Hawkers face difficulty and fall victim to accidents when they(Squatter: Juice Seller) r/o swarm around moving vehicles.Sakrand The newly constructed speedbreakers are inadequate and cannot

check the speed of vehicles.

Earth and crushed stone piled on both sides of the highway, are asource of mishaps causing passengers alighting from vehicles toslip and fall.

Mst. Manzooran, Mst Recklessly speeding vehicles are responsible for many fatalMaryam, Mst. Neeman rlo accidents involving local residents.Mir Khan Leghari Smoke emission and the noise of vehicles are common

environmental pollutants.There is neither a bus stop nor a waiting room for passengers.

Mst. Noor Khatoon, Mst No bus stop or passengers' waiting room exists to cater for theFatimah, Mst. Asma, Mst. needs of residents living in adjoining villages.Haleema r/o Miral Leghari Since the ACW is under construction, vehicles use the ECW which

is narrow and can barely accommodate two vehicles. Trafficaccidents often result when vehicles overtake each other. Nohospital/clinic exists in the proximity of the highway.

Oil spills from overturned oil tankers spoil crops in adjoiningagricultural fields.

Smoke and suspended particles emitted from vehicles arecommon environmental pollutants.Road construction material is often unloaded on the road.

There are few trees on either side of the highway.

No signboards exist to guide road users.

Mst. Razia, Mst. Maryam, Crossing the highway is difficult, particularly when one lane (ACW)Mst Reena, Mst. Saran r/o is being constructed and vehicles on the ECW travel at break-neckVillage Faqeerabad speed.

Smoke and noise mar the environment.Cut trees must be replaced.

Continues...

03/19/03 Appendix B

B-15

Social Assessment ofPakLitan Highway Rehabilitation Project

...Continued


Gujranwala-KharianSectionMarch 18, 2000

Truck Driver 5 No. The drivers appreciated the effort of NHA in improvement work andthe improvement of road surface conditions.

They expressed their willingness to pay Toll Tax to finance theimprovement work.They accepted their fault as regards the overloading of trucks andconsequent damage to roads. They indicated their willingness toabide by the rules if these were implemented honestly.

March 22, 2000Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor A median wall exists but the tuming point is located unduly far(Shopkeeper) r/o Ghakkar away.

An overhead bridge is needed.There is a lot of traffic noise near the school.

Overspeeding vehicles are a problem.Signs are inadequate.

Turnol-Chablat Section

March 30, 2002

M/s Rehmat, Soofi Jan Ali The RoW is used by encroachersisquatters (eg, Tumol, Sang Jani,and Bakhtiar Shah r/o Sang and Taxila) as well as temporary dwellers (eg, Mohabbat Abad).Jani The road has to be crossed in order for students to reach their

school. The crossing is very dangerous.

M/s Faisal Khan, Asfand Road mishaps are frequentMaroof, Malik Abdur Rashid Bus stops are inadequate. U-turns are badly situated.(Property Dealer) r/oNawababad.

Nowshera-PeshawarSectionMarch 29, 2002

Abdul Mateen Khan There are not enough U-turns.(Businessman) r/o The NHA's approval for the installation of a petrol pump nearSaeedabad Akora, Khattak had been delayed unnecessarily.

M/s Khan Zaman Khan, The highway has no drainage system.Nasir Khan (Businessman) The site is potentially hazardous because of fast moving traffic.r/o Kundi Nasir

O0319lO3 Appendix B

B-16

final report march 19, 2003 25863 - world bank€¦ · final report march 19, 2003 25863 pakistan...

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