1

HRM

PROJECT On

STRATEGIC HUMAN

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Submitted By:

Ravi Kumar Goyal

09BS0001852

(MBA-HR)

(ICFAI BUSINESS SCHOOL)

Date: 13/02/2011

2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express heartfelt thanks to P r o f . P r a s h a n t h S a x e n a , our respected faculty

member, who has been my constant guides throughout the work on this project. Our

work could not have gained its present shape but for her constant guidance.

Also, I would like to thank D r . B h a r t h i T h a k k a r , o u r b e l o v e d f a c u l t y o f

S H R M a n d Ms. Bhawna Sikka, Food Services and Vending Executive of Nestle

Connaught Place Branch Office and Mr. P.K.Sinha, Deputy General Manager of Human

Resource Department of NTPC office at SCOPE building, CGO complex, Lodhi Road,

New Delhi and also all the employees of NTPC Ahmadabad branch for their

wholehearted efforts, Co-ordination and support. The project would not have taken its

present shape without their valuable insight. I express my gratitude to them for providing

me their valuable time and helping me in interacting with the employees.

I also express our gratitude to all those people who allowed me to work with them.

Lastly, we would like to extend our sincere thanks to all those who have directly or

indirectly helped us in the completion of this project.

3

INDEX

Serial no.

Chapter no.

Description

Page no.

1. Chapter 1

Introduction

4

2. Chapter 2

Book Reviews

20

3. Chapter 3

Article Reviews

24

4. Chapter 4

SHRM at Nestle

36

5. Chapter 5

SHRM at NTPC

43

6. Chapter 6

Analysis & Conclusion

49

7.

Annexure

51

8.

References

53

4

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 WHAT IS STRATEGIC HRM?-

The linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve

business performance and develop an organizational culture that fosters innovation,

flexibility and sustainable competitive advantage is called STRATEGIC HUMAN

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.

In the case of Strategic human resource management, the HR function is a strategic

partner in the formulation and implementation of the company‘s strategies through HR

activities. Strategic human resources management, alignment with mission achievement,

strategic alignment these terms are some of the phrases, which are being used to explain

the latest, evolving function of human resources management (HRM). Different people

will give different meaning for these terms. With human resource rising as the primary

asset of an organisation, human resources (HR) management are being faced with new

challenges to come up with strategic approaches that can add value to the organisations

when sourcing for new employees. To address this issue the human resource have to

formulated strategies that will add value to an organisation in pursuit of identifying,

recruiting, developing and retaining highly talented employees who can take the company

to new heights and provide a competitive advantage to the company

Recruitment and retention

Beardwell & Holden (1997) states that; employee recruitment is very important in an

organization. It consists of administration, performance and staffing. All these are

interrelated activities that are carried out in an organization. Management and staffing

activities help in ensuring that employees with right or desired skills are recruited. The

employees have also to be in the right numbers desired by the organization. Employee

recruitment aims at ensuring that employees are at the right place at the right time. Human

resource manager in this case is concerned with ensuring that employees perform their

best. Best recruitment processes insure that the organizations get the best staff that can

5

improve and add value to the company. The human resource has to provide better

employment terms to retain employees who are experienced in the organization. This will

highly help the restructuring processes. (Beardwell & Holden, 1997)

Training and development

Each employee requires more learning in order to improve his /her skills, no matter how

best a candidate is, he/she can not be 100% percent qualified. Thus, the human resource

management should implement learning management system (Beardwell & Holden,

1997). In general the human resource management is supposed to come up with training

and education programs for its employees. Training can be termed as systematic

enhancement of knowledge, skills and attitudes of the needed by an employee in order to

perform a given task. Development is the growth of an employee in terms of capability,

understanding and awareness. In an organization training and development is important in

order to;

1. Develop a workforce that can perform higher-grade assignments

2. Increase efficiency, effectiveness and standards of performance by the employee

3. Keep the employees informed

4. Provide the usual training of new recruited workforce

Employee performance management

The most important aspect of human resource management practice is employee

evaluation. The performance of any organisation is determined directly by the

performance of the employees. It is possible to monitor the evaluation if the employees of

any company via the use of human resource evaluation systems. These systems are done

continuously with a view to retaining useful employees. Some organizations, because of

their soft approaches, have incurred huge losses due to the fact that most employees are

joy-riders in the organisation. These employees are considered a liability to the

organisation because they contribute very little for the productivity levels. This means

that their cost benefit ratio is high (Hunger & Wheelen, 2003)

6

Regulatory compliance

In the recent days, human resource management practices have extended its functions to

include regulating employees in the organization. The human resource management will

have to ensure that employees comply with the company rules and regulations. In addition

the manager will also have to ensure that good working relations do exist between the

employees. In case an employee breaks the company rules or regulations, then the human

resource management has to take steps in disciplining the employee so that he/she can

comply. If the employee persist being disobedient to the company rules, then the human

resource management can sack him/her if that the only step that remains to be undertaken.

Complying with company rules is directly related with improving production. (Hunger &

Wheelen, 2003)

Compensation and benefits

Workers need to be compensated for their performance in order to encourage them to

keep up or improve on that performance. The moment the human resource establishes the

performance of the worker, managers should reward to commensurate with the workers

achievement. These will ensure maximum production and effectiveness of the worker;

current compensation programs should include a mix of basic pay, equities and variable

pay. (Hunger & Wheelen, 2003)

Employees need to be motivated in order for the company to get the best out of them. An

employee who is well motivated will easily stay in the organization and be more

productive. For this to occur human resource have to attend to the financial and

psychological needs of the workers by rewarding them well. Hunger & Wheelen (2003)

observers that, better conditions for service and financial rewards are examples of

measures applied to motivate employees within the organisation while in some, it could

be in terms of annual, leave, insurance or shorter working periods. The human resource

manager of the organization needs to come up with good employment policies that are

desirable to the employees. It is important that the workers when paid accept their pay

package as fair and just in order for them to be motivated. (Hunger & Wheelen, 2003)

7

Sound Manpower planning

Human resource management main function is manpower planning. As observed in APS

organization, it lacks proper planning in its human capital which has been it undergo

costly penalties. Having the right staff, in terms of numbers and skills is a task that the

human resource may strategies well. When it comes to sourcing the human resource must

source well so that it can get the maximum benefits from its workforce. The human

resource has to understand that overstaffing is a waste and expensive to the organisation

and does not add any value to the organisation but, instead reduce the competitive

advantage of the organisation. (Armstrong, 2006)

Developing human resource strategy

Faced with the need to add value to the organisation, human resource need to come up with

a more coherent and focused approach in sourcing practices. According to Armstrong

(2006) to develop such strategy, two issues have to be addressed.

1. What type of workforce does the organisation need in order to manage and also run the

organisation so has to meet the organisation strategic business goals?

2. Which type of workforce programs and schemes must be planned and implemented so as

to attract, develop and retain a workforce that can compete effectively?

For these questions to be answered the human resource has to address four key areas of an

organisation these are;

The sourcing culture of the organisation; norms, beliefs and the management way of the

organisation has to be structured in manner that it encourages sourcing or recruitment based

on merit alone and on any other factors

Human resource has also to address the organisation structure; this will define proper job

descriptions, reporting lines in the organisation and job descriptions.

The workforce; the human resource has to address the issue of level of skills, management

abilities of individual employees and staff potential

The human resources will have also to address its systems; the human resource should have

a workforce focused mechanism that will deliver a plan of workforce selection, training,

communication, career development and rewards.

8

If the human resource need to add value to the organisation in terms of quality and better

services then, it has to retain its workforce, reward them, carry out appraisal, open

communication systems and then re-examine the organisation human resource management

plans. These strategies will ensure that the APS is able to get and retain a workforce which

will drive the organisation to new heights. (Armstrong, 2006)

Provide a critical analysis of the tools you use for this environmental analysis to show why

these are important to APS

An environmental analysis of the company

They are several tools, which a company can employ when analyzing its environment both

internal and external. The most common are STEP or PESTEL analysis procedure.

McGahan (2004) this analysis is worth because it determines whether the organization will

be fairing well or not. For the purposes of this paper we shall use PESTEL marketing tool to

analyze the APS

PESTEL analysis

PESTEL analysis is used to investigate the vital factors, which affects an industry and the

influence they have on a particular company or companies operating in that particular

industry. PESTEL is means political, Economic, Social, Technological and Legal factors.

Political factors entail government policies, which are related to the industry, this includes

tax policies, regulations and laws, tariffs and restrictions and other factors. The economic

factors include the wider economic performance for example economic growth, exchange

rates, interest rates and inflation. Social factors on the other hand relates to cultural issues

which includes health, population growth, demographics, changes in consumer behaviors

and other aspects. Technology factors include the adaptation of new available technology

and new ideas such as automation, information technology and rate of technology change.

Legal factors comprises of legal procedures, licensing, product legal descriptions and other

legal factors. (Grant, 2005)

Political factors whereby the company have to deal with the political interferences that may

be practiced by the government. According to research, political systems of nations affect

the conduct of businesses, for example, some countries practice collectivism while others

practice capitalism political systems. For instance in UK, the government practices

capitalism in that it allows factors of production to be privately owned and the government

performs only limited duties that the private sector cannot perform unlike in collectivism

and communism that stresses collective goals. Therefore, APC Company has no restrictions

and hence we can conclude that it enjoys good external political environment. (Grant, 2005)

9

Economical factors which mainly deals with financial forces in the economic environment.

Such factors include foreign exchange rates, currencies and global monetary systems like

the use of Euro currency, inflation, counter trade, balance of payments, monetary policies,

and fiscal policies among others. After carrying out careful analysis of these factors APS

Company can determine if the economic factors of the country it is operating in are

favourable or not. The economic factors have a significant impact on the market segment of

and share of the company. (Kotler, 1996)

Social factors are other factors that the company has to consider before formulating its

marketing strategies in relation to the society aspects. Forces within the society such as

religion, family, social structure and education may influence positively or negatively the

way APS Company will market its products. Social factors affect our attitude, opinions and

interests on the way we view products from certain companies. (Kotler, 1996)

Technological factors are another key factor to given consideration before going getting

products on the market. Many companies because of the concept of globalization are now

experiencing advanced technologies. Globalization has taken centre stage and now many

firms have increasingly utilized the use of e-commerce or Internet marketing. The

technology of production has continued to develop leading to more premium brands being

produced by the company to fulfil the new demands of the customers that keep changing

with time. (Hollensen, 2004)

Legal factors are other factors that must be analyzed before entering into a market. The way

the company operates in terms of operating rules of law for example how APS Company

will have to cope the legal rules in the a country more importantly because it avoids

conflicts and will enhance the success of the organization. The company has to be ethical in

its practices.

Ethical norms are the moral standards that help us judge good from bad or right from wrong

and living morally. They involve articulating the good habits or character that we should

have, the consequences of our behavior on us and others and the duties that we are supposed

to follow. As company, treating employees ethically implies being fair to them in all aspects

of human management. Basically, ethics and ethical conduct is about being professional and

transparent. The NCDA code of ethics has been formulated as a guide to counsellors. The

code of ethics offers defined principles, which can be used in different situations and

settings. The code serves both the careers professional counsellors and those who are

getting services from the counsellors so that they are in a position to understand their

responsibilities and rights as consumers. (Grant, 2005)

Ethical requirements stipulates that the Employees relations which are the relationship that

exists between the employee and the employer. Or processes by which employees and their

companies contract of work needs to be fair to all parties. (Grant, 2005)

10

Importance/Aspects of SHRM

How to Do Human Resources Strategic Planning

The Human Resources Department As a Profitability Factor

Develop a Human Resources Department Business Plan

How HR Thinks and Outsourcing

A New Role for HR: Support Your Company's Brand

How to Get a Seat at the Executive Table: Ten Tips

Create Your Personal Vision Statement

Identify and Live Your Personal Values

Thinking Strategically First Makes Strategic Planning Work

Strategic Planning Pitfalls - to Avoid

HR as Product: Be the Brand of Choice

How Real Women Get Ahead: The Woman’s Advantage at Work

HR’s Role in Promoting Corporate Social Responsibility

Recession Planning for Employees

Reinventing HR from the Classroom to the Boardroom

Strategic Human Resources: Avoiding Circular Conversations

The Strategic HR Coach

Why HR Should Never Report to Finance

Why HR Should Report to the CEO

Why Human Resources Leaders Need Degrees

Poll: Why Is Creating a Personal Vision Statement Important?

11

The New Competency Model

Roll your mouse over each domain to display the competency factors under each domain.

Click on any tab below to learn more about the new HR Competency Model.

12

Competency Models Series Part I: Competency Models - An Overview

Competency Models Series Part II: Competency Methods and Uses

Competency Models Series Part III: Competency-Based Performance Management

13

Business practice

Human resources management involves several processes. Together they are supposed to

achieve the above mentioned goal. These processes can be performed in an HR department,

but some tasks can also be outsourced or performed by line-managers or other departments.

When effectively integrated they provide significant economic benefit to the company

Workforce planning

Recruitment (sometimes separated into attraction and selection)

Induction, Orientation and On boarding

Skills management

Training and development

Personnel administration

Compensation in wage or salary

Time management

Travel management (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM)

Payroll (sometimes assigned to accounting rather than HRM)

Employee benefits administration

Personnel cost planning

Performance appraisal

Labor relations

HRM strategy

An HRM strategy pertains to the means as to how to implement the specific functions of

Human Recourse Management. An organization's HR function may possess recruitment and

selection policies, disciplinary procedures, reward/recognition policies, an HR plan, or

learning and development policies; however all of these functional areas of HRM need to be

aligned and correlated, in order to correspond with the overall business strategy. An HRM

strategy thus is an overall plan, concerning the implementation of specific HRM functional

areas.

14

An HRM strategy typically consists of the following factors:-

"Best fit" and "best practice" - meaning that there is correlation between the HRM

strategy and the overall corporate strategy. As HRM as a field seeks to manage

human resources in order to achieve properly organizational goals, an organization's

HRM strategy seeks to accomplish such management by applying a firm's personnel

needs with the goals/objectives of the organization. As an example, a firm selling

cars could have a corporate strategy of increasing car sales by 10% over a five year

period. Accordingly, the HRM strategy would seek to facilitate how exactly to

manage personnel in order to achieve the 10% figure. Specific HRM functions, such

as recruitment and selection, reward/recognition, an HR plan, or learning and

development policies, would be tailored to achieve the corporate objectives.

Close co-operation (at least in theory) between HR and the top/senior management,

in the development of the corporate strategy. Theoretically, a senior HR

representative should be present when an organization's corporate objectives are

devised. This is so, since it is a firm's personnel who actually construct a good, or

provide a service. The personnel's proper management is vital in the firm being

successful, or even existing as a going concern. Thus, HR can be seen as one of the

critical departments within the functional area of an organization.

Continual monitoring of the strategy, via employee feedback, surveys, etc

15

1.2 A VISUAL DEPICTION OF THE SHRM PROCESS-

1.3 KEY FACTORS OF SHRM PROCESS-

- The external environment – which is very dynamic in the current global business

scenario.

- The business strategy - it affects and is affected by the SHRM process and which

gives the organization a well thought of direction.

- The internal environment – the organisational context and the general culture

which is prevalent in the organization.

- The outcomes of the SHRM process – which should be evaluated both

quantitatively as well as qualitatively.

16

1.4 PRACTICAL ROLE OF SHRM-

- Build a Strategic Framework: Mission Statement, Vision, Values.

- Help in goal setting. Look Beyond Traditional Goals.

- Create Leadership Vision and culture of innovation.

- Support Company's Brand (employees as customers approach).

- Manage a cross cultural work-force.

- Manage the young, overambitious recruits.

- Manage continuous compet it iveness in a changing business environment

and technology and product delivery systems.

- Keep HR cost to minimum possible.

- Create employee loyalty programmes.

- Design and utilize assessment metrics for evaluation of SHRM process.

17

1.5 AN EXAMPLE OF A QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSMENT

OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SHRM PROCESS:

THE SELECT TO PROFIT LOOP-

SELECT ENROLL TRAIN EVALUATE

PROFITS REWARD

SALES

COSTS

PRODUCTI

V-ITY

MOTIVATE

THE SELECT TO PROFIT LOOP is a quantitative technique which organizations

employ to ascertain whether an employee is a profit centre or a cost centre. Right from

the time of selection, there are certain activities which are carried out vis-à-vis the

employee which incur some costs; and certain activities undertaken by the employee

generate revenues for the company. Now, by evaluating all these activities, it can be

found out whether the revenue generated by the employee outweighs the costs incurred

on him or not. Thus, organizations can directly link the selection of a candidate to the net

profit he/she expected to generate.

18

1.6 STEPS IN STRATEGIC HRM PROCESS-

The analysis of the Strategic HRM process has been done from the point of view of a

new business strategy being adopted by an organization:

- New Business Strategy.

- SWOT Analysis – done to ascertain the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and

threats of the current human capital of the organization.

- Assess HR Capacity – whether the current capacity is sufficient or whether more

human capital is required.

- Develop Core Competencies – assimilate the best practices from the organization‘s

earlier strategy into the new strategy.

- Test and Evaluate – evaluate the new strategy and the proposed HR integration with

it for fissures.

- Initiate HR Practices – this should be done in line with the new strategy.

- Recruit, Orient, Train and Develop.

- Evaluate Performance – check whether the new strategy‘s implementation is on

course or not and whether the HR is an intrinsic part of the implementation process.

- Establish Career, Succession Plans; Set Total Reward System – this would help in

motivation and fostering loyalty in the employees.

1.7 COMPETENCIES OF AN HR EXECUTIVE-

- Strategist – Knows the business inside out. Helps align the personal goals of

employees with strategic goals of the organization.

- Administrator – Deliver the Basics like recruitment, training, retention etc.

- People‘s Champion – champions the cause of employees in the organization.

- Change Agent – helps bring about change in the organization by convincing

employees the change is good for their as well as for the organization‘s growth.

19

1.8 NEED FOR SHRM-

- Increase competition in both local and global markets requires organizations to

involve their people in developing the strategy for a sustainable competitive

advantage.

- Maintaining a competitive advantage by becoming a low cost leader or a

differentiator is possible through good HR practices, as best practices in terms of

the working of human capital within an organization are hard to replicate.

1.9 ADVANTAGES OF SHRM-

- Each employee becomes a profit centre.

- Accountability at all levels in the organizational hierarchy increases.

- Business can meet ever increasing customer demands.

- Employees become pro-active; align their personal goals with the goals of the

organization.

AND THE BOTTOM-LINE IS….

Good HRM = Good financial results

HRM

Financial results

20

CHAPTER 2

BOOK REVIEWS

2.1 BOOK 1-

―Roadmap to Strategic HR- Turning a Great Idea into a Business Reality‖

By Ralph Christensen The book illustrates a practical approach for turning Human Resource into a crucial

component of success. For decades now, human resources professionals have sounded

the drumbeat of change: HR must transform itself from an administrative function into a

strategic business partner. But it has been said so often, for so long, and with so little

concrete, real-life information on how to actually achieve this new mission, that the

message often sounds like a wouldn't-it-be-nice scenario.

But it isn't. More and more traditional HR activities are being farmed out to service

centres, external vendors, and line managers. The work of HR is changing, and more and

more professionals realize that to succeed in the future they must be part of the team that

makes important business decisions.

Roadmap to Strategic HR is a sorely needed prescription for achieving strategic focus in

complex organizations. Drawn from the author's more than 25 years of experience and

insights as an HR practitioner at Hallmark and other companies, the book outlines a 10-

step, results-oriented plan for making the transition. It helps one integrate top-quality

tactical work with innovative internal systems—talent systems, training systems, reward

systems, or work processes—that will meet the strategic business demands of your

Organization

21

This book helps one:

- Understand the business realities that are driving change, including employees

afraid for their jobs, and demanding and scarce customers.

- Compress t he m u l t i t u d e o f H R a c t i v i t i e s i n t o f i v e f u n d a m e n t a l

p rocesses : workforce planning and staffing, learning and development,

organization development, performance management, and employee relations.

- Examine each of the five processes through a powerful strategic lens.

- Resolve the tensions between HR specialists and HR generalists.

- Build a real partnership between the frontline managers and HR staff.

- Identify the competencies required of HR professionals who assume the crucial

role of "organizational architect."

- Recognize the roadblocks and political landmines that might lurk along the way.

The connection between people issues and business success is irrefutable. As the author

so aptly puts it: "Talent is the engine behind the creation of all value." Roadmap to

Strategic HR is a practical book which strengthens the link between people and value—

for building a department that drives excellence throughout the organization—and for

honing one‘s department's focus so that it stays locked on the marketplace and the

business strategy.

22

2.2 BOOK 2-

―Human Capital Management-Achieving Added Value through People‖

By Angela Barron & Michael Armstrong

The book provides a planned & proactive process of partnership with top management to

achieve desired long term organizational growth and direction while satisfying the

individual objectives and growth of best employees.

Strategic HRM discusses that every employee has a right and looks forward to both

horizontal and vertical growth with room for experimenting with ideas and testing

entrepreneurial spirit within and organization have to continuously adapt to this

requirement by changing and expanding. No one likes to work with stagnant organization

or organization without sharing growth with employees-Promotions, participations and

financial rewards.

Thus, organizations have to continuously adapt by changing and expanding and must

look after the following processes-

- Careful and extensive systems for recruitment selection and training (RST).

- Formal system for sharing information with employees.

- Clear job design; High level participation processes; monitoring of attitudes.

- Performance a p p r a i s a l s ( self-appraisal s y s t e m s h o u l d b e

f o l l o w e d f o r a l l executive positions in my view).

- Properly functioning grievance procedures (with both procedural and technical

justice visible).

- Promotion and compensation schemes that provide for the recognition and reward

of high- performing employees.

The changing profile of New Age young workers has to be built in HR policies like

flexibility of work time, freedom for experimenting, quick growth and sense of identity

with projects of company.

23

It is also seen that Top management/owners in Indian companies still have commodity

approach underpaying, disallowing delegation, curbing enterprise and failing to

communicate organizational goals. Such organizations have little chances of growth or

survival for long in new environment. Here role of HR leadership is most crucial to

transform the organizations into innovative, learning and flexible organization where

employees find it exciting to work with lot of room with all round positive environment

within the organization.

24

CHAPTER 3

ARTCLE REVIEWS

3.1 ARTICLE NO.1-

―Strategic Human Resource Management-Three Stage Process & Influencing

Organizational Factors‖

By Sandeep Krishnan (IIM-A) and Manjari Singh (IIM-A)

3.1.1 INTRODUCTION-

A three-stage model for the process of strategic human resource management has been

developed in this paper. The three stages cover strategy formulation, implementation and

evaluation.

3.1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ARTICLE-

The literature in the field of SHRM prior to this research had been developed up to the

two-stage process till concepts like the Two Way Vertical Fit and the Horizontal Fit. The

third stage developed in this paper has not been explicitly taken up in existing literature

till now

The two-stage model does not explicitly clarify how the fit will be assessed and achieved.

In order to assess both vertical and horizontal fit, the evaluation and feedback stage is

vital for any process of SHRM. It will also help in maintaining a better fit between the

intended and actual strategy. It will also help in demonstrating HR successes and increase

the credibility of the HR department.

25

3.1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW IN THE ARTICLE-

• Devanna et al. (1981) put forth a number of reasons why strategic orientation may

lack in the HR function. A major one is that the top management does not

perceive it important to include the HR department in the decision making

process.

• HR departments must develop competencies in dealing with strategic issues,

business awareness and the ability to quantify its own the contributions/

significance.

• Tony Rucci states that the three significant barriers to HR playing a more

proactive role in the next ten years are ―a) Lack of basic economic literacy among

HR professionals, b) Lack of comfort among HR professionals to take risks and

c) HR professionals who do not demonstrate courage of conviction about their

principles‖ (Huselid and Becker, 1999: 362).

3.1.4 BASIC CONCEPTS ON WHICH THE MODEL IS DEVELOPED-

One-way Vertical Fit-

It talks about aligning HRM systems to the business strategy and the partnering role of

HR where HR is highly integrated with business processes.

Two-way Vertical Fit-

In this particular scenario the HRM systems not only align to the business strategy, but

also contribute in the strategy formulation the HR department‘s role as a strategic partner

emerges in the two-way vertical fit. This includes activities like creating a culture change,

identifying mergers and acquisition possibilities, tracking the market and proactively

making changes.

Horizontal Fit-

It refers to the alignment of various HRM systems to each other and the alignment of key

HR systems and processes with for bringing out desired behaviors and culture in the

organization.

26

This model follows the concept of interactive business and HR strategy so that

each contributes to the formulation of other.

- Elements of HR like acquiring, managing and developing the competencies

are important for the success of strategy implementation.

- Issues like high turnover of employees, lack of morale and motivation,

low employee satisfaction, undesirable work-place politics etc. are looked into and

their likely impact on strategy implementation are examined.

- Various HRM systems like recruitment and selection, performance management,

compensation, training and development, career management, etc. Need to be

aligned with the HR strategy. Policies and practices of various HRM systems

are set or modified according to the strategy implementation needs. Based

27

on the concept of horizontal linkage, HRM systems also need to be aligned to

each other.

- The second stage has a two-way link with the first stage. Not only are HRM systems

aligned with the HR strategy, but HRM systems and their outcomes also provide

information pertaining to organizational context for the formulation of business

strategy. This two-way link strengthens the role of HR department as a strategic

partner. In the evaluation metric of this model, defining and measuring goal

achievements or outcomes of various HRM practices and activities is the first step.

Also there are factors that a c t as enablers/ deterrents for the effectiveness of the

evaluation and feedback stage. The factors that influence this stage may be categorized

into structural, operational, and behavioural factors.

The structural factors include the scope of the evaluation and feedback process, level of

Formalization of the evaluation and feedback process, proper selection of assessors, and

Periodicity of evaluation and feedback.

The operational factors are the availability of required data, proper measurement

techniques, required analytical skill, and technological support for data collection and

analysis. Evaluating the impact of HRM systems is a challenge for measurement

techniques because the effects of environmental and personal factors are inter-mixed with

it (Gordon, 1972). Valid interpretation may not be obtained because of faulty measures or

lack of appropriate measures. HR professionals may not have required analytical skill for

the evaluation process so they either need to be given special training or provided help of

experts (Gordon, 1972).

The behavioural factors include the purported use of the evaluation results,

transparency in the evaluation process, perceived and real fairness of the process, extent

of implementation o f t h e s u g g e s t i o n s /feedback, m a n -hours s p e n t o n

e v a l u a t i o n a n d Feedback, importance given to the process, and incentives for

various stakeholders.

28

3.1.5 CONCLUSION-

Anything less than the complete process described in the model increases the possibility

of failure. Organisations can no longer ignore the necessity of an integrated three-stage

process for SHRM that should at least include:

1. Efficient and inter-linked HRM systems linked to business strategy and

2. Monitoring mechanisms to identify and correct any sort of misalignment.

The enablers/deterrents for each stage is another important contribution of this paper.

29

3.2 ARTICLE NO. 2-

―Maximizing Your Return on People‖

By Laurie Bassi and Daniel Mc Currer (Harvard Business Review – March 2007)

3.2.1 INTRODUCTION-

This article explains the various innovative tools to show which investments in

employees are driving company performance and which one should emphasize upon to

advance strategic goals. For every company its people are the only source of long term

competitive advantage and companies that fail to invest in employees jeopardize their

own success and even survival.

According to the authors investment in Human capital management can be directly linked

to organizational performance. They have explained methods for measuring bottom line

contributions of investment in human capital management (HCM)-like leadership

development, job design etc.

3.2.2 HCM DRIVERS-

The authors with the help of various Employee and management surveys have identified

a core set of HCM drivers that predicts performance across a broad array of organizations

and operations.

These drivers are as follows:

1. Leadership practices

2. Employee engagement

3. Knowledge accessibility

4. Workforce optimization

5. Learning capacity

In each of these categories HCM practices are further sub divided into groups such as

under leadership practices: communication, supervisory skills etc.

30

3.2.3 MATURITY SCORES-

These surveys are effective in gauging and improving organizations‘ capability across 23

HCM practices based on maturity scores ranging from 1 to 5 with 1 indicating low

performance and 5 high performances. It helps in benchmarking organizational HCM

capabilities, identifying HCM strengths and weakness and linking improvements or

backsliding in specific HRM practices with improvements or shortcomings in

organizational performance. Also multiple surveys over time can reveal progress or

regression in each of the HCM practices and help a company decide where to focus

improvement efforts that will have a direct impact on performance.

3.2.4 CONCLUSION-

Thus with these HCM tools HR can start gauging how well people are managed and

developed throughout the organization. In this role HR department can take a strategic

responsibility, acting as coaching, mentoring and monitoring agencies to ensure that

superior management of human capital becomes a central part of the organizations

Culture.

31

3.3 ARTICLE NO. 3-

―Transforming HR Function from Reactive to Proactive‖

By Jaclyn Lee

3.3.1 CISCO-

CISCO is an armed security business, became a private and commercial business after

takeover by Temasek Holdings Pte Ltd in June 2005.It came to be known as CISCO

Security Pvt. Ltd. All 4200 employees were transferred to the new company.

3.3.2 THE EARLIER SCENARIO AT CISCO-

It was merely administrative in nature; HR practices were irrelevant to the business

resulting in very high staff turnover and uncompetitive salaries. All Business unit heads

crafted their own people policies to cope up with increasing competition. The HR an

obstacle to change and hinged onto bureaucratic practices that effected business and

people practices.

3.3.3 THE CHANGE PROCESS-

However when the company was in the process of transition, HR function was

completely overhauled and transformed to a strategic function to facilitate the transition

of the company to a private company. HR aligned itself with the critical needs of

business. The objective of the new HR team was to shape the CISCO manpower and

talent to support the new philosophy and the mission of its business to deliver high

quality services to its clients. Major considerations for the new HR transformation were:

• Understanding the business strategy and aligning HR strategy with it.

• Understanding the needs of the business units and their unique challenges.

• Identifying the key factors causing the high attrition.

• Identifying the key factors causing the loss of key talents.

• Building key HR pillars to deliver core HR services.

• Building the employer brand positioning of CISCO to attract talents.

• Building a strong human capital development program to strengthen key

competencies needed for the business.

32

3.3.4 THE HR PILLARS-

To achieve the above objective the following key HR pillars were formed-

• Manpower Planning and Recruitment

• Aligning human capital development

• Strategic compensation and benefits

• Employee engagement

• HR systems and service delivery

3.3.5 THE KEY CHALLENGES-

HR transformation to a commercial enterprise was a challenging task. The Toughest job

was to convince existing staff to transform from a back end function to a front line area.

However Effective communication played an important role in overcoming these

challenges.

3.3.6 CONCLUSION-

To conclude the new role of HR was to shape the CISCO manpower and talent to support

the new philosophy and the mission of its business to deliver high quality services to its

clients thereby reflecting the strategic role of HR function.

33

3.4 ARTICLE NO. 4-

―Thinking ‗Integrated Space‘-TQM and HRM‖

By P. Vijayan

3.4.1 TQM-

TQM refers to a set of principles and practices whose core ideas include understanding

customer needs, doing things right the first time, and striving for continuous

improvement. TQM approach emphasizes prevention, rather than a detection approach to

work. Traditionally, TQM was on the agenda of Manufacturing, Operations and SCM.

(Detection approach).

3.4.2 TQM SELECTION PROCESS-

As opposed to what was believed traditionally by the HR Department, generation of more

number of CV‘s is generally not good. Instead, firms should filter the applications and

spend more time with few candidates.

3.4.3 EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION-

It is as important as Customer Satisfaction because satisfied employees can add value

towards enhancing customer satisfaction. It also bridges the gap between what senior

leaders feel is necessary to improve employee satisfaction & their ‗real‘ need.

3.4.4 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL & JOB PERFORMANCE-

These practices can cause managers to ignore system factors and cause employees to

compete instead of cooperate as:

In sharp contrast to the TQM performance assumption, the field of human resource

management (HRM) assumes that performance is largely due to the worker and not the

system/process.

Both person and system factors can directly influence work performance. Moreover, system

factors can enhance or constrain the influence of person factors on work

Performance.

34

3.5 ARTICLE NO. 5-

―Redefine the HR Agenda…The TCS Model‖

By Dilip K. Mohapatra

3.5.1 INTRODUCTION-

This article shows how HR can emerge as a strategic partner with the business and be

recognized as a source of competitive advantage with a focus on the TCS model.

According to the article, in this whole process, HR alignment with the mission, vision

and values is very important. TCS VISION is of Being global top 10 by 2010 in the IT

industry is supported by its MISSION to ensure Customer delight by providing best in

class consulting, IT solutions and services and delivering value and joy to all

stakeholders. TCS has incorporated 5 VALUES -Integrity, Leading change, Excellence,

Respect for individual, Learning and sharing, that supports its mission and vision .TCS

has a robust HR alignment framework starting from the vision and mission which drives

the strategic objectives and business plans. It uses extensively BALANCED

SCORECARD (BSC) for aligning all HR and Other Departments‘ activities across

geographies, industry practices, service practices and its delivery centres.

3.5.2 ROUTES TO ENHANCE SHAREHOLDERS‘ VALUE-

TCS considers its workforce capabilities as its principal offering to its customers. The

delivery routes to enhancement of shareholders value are-

- Through enhancement of customer delight through delivery excellence of world

class services and successful management of customer relationship and

- By enhancing employee delight through effective management of their operating

efficiency. All these add up to the company‘s human resource efficiency and

Human capital effectiveness.

35

3.5.3 HR DELIVERY ALIGNMENT AT TCS-

According to the author another important aspect is HR delivery alignment with the

business objective. TCS considers its EVA as the main driver of its business objective.

EVA has two components: revenue and cost. Revenue is driven by realization rates and

the number of people engaged in client delivery. On the cost side, the performance

management group ensures optimum utilization of the budget to structure compensation

packages to attract, retain and recognize talent within the organization. Thus human

resource efficiency and human capital effectiveness affects the EVA and hence plays a

strategic role. At TCS alignment is done through a cascading balanced score card. It is an

effective instrument for linking the HR strategies and the HR delivery with the

organization‘s vision, mission and strategies.

3.5.4 BALANCED SCORECARD-

It gives managers the opportunity to look at the Co. from the perspective of internal &

external customers, employees & shareholders. It is a performance measurement tool for

strategic planning and management including feedback. It should be used to:

• Link HRM activities to the Co‘s business strategy.

• Evaluate the extent to which the HR function is helping the Co meet it‘s strategic

objectives.

36

CHAPTER 4

SHRM AT NESTLE

4.1 AN OVERVIEW OF NESTLE-

Nestlé is a multinational packaged food company founded and headquartered in Vevey,

Switzerland. It resulted from a merger in 1905 between the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company

for milk products established by the Page Brothers in Cham, Switzerland, in 1866 and the

Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé Company set up in 1867 by Henri Nestlé to provide an infant

food product. Nestlé‘s trademark of birds in a nest, derived from Henri Nestlé‘s personal

coat of arms, evokes the values upon which he founded his Company. Several of Nestlé's

brands are globally renowned, which has made the company a global market leader in

many product lines, including milk, chocolate, confectionery, bottled water & pet food.

4.2 BRANDS UNDER NESTLE-

1. Milk & Nutrition

2. Beverages

3. Prepared dishes & cooking aids

4. Chocolates & confectioneries

4.3 WHY NESTLE?-

We have chosen Nestle because it is an appropriate company to study both open culture

and values of a company. Nestle believes in adaptation to a changing world, but its basic

foundation is unchanged from the time of the origins of the Company, and reflects the

basic ideas of fairness, honesty, and a general concern for people.

4.4 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED-

1. Primary Data collected by way of Interview schedule with Ms. Bhawna Sikka

(Food Services and Vending Executive, Connaught Place, New Delhi) and

Questionnaire answered by 9 employees of different departments.

2. Secondary data collected by way of company‘s website and other sources.

37

4.5 BUSINESS OBJECTIVES OF NESTLE-

• Nestlé's business objective is to manufacture and market the Company's products

in such a way as to create value that can be sustained over the long term for

shareholders, employees, consumers, and business partners.

• Nestlé does not favour short-term profit at the expense of successful long-

term business development.

• Nestlé recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate interest in the

behavior, beliefs and actions of the Company behind brands in which they place

their trust and that without its consumers the Company would not exist.

• Nestlé believes that, as a general rule, legislation is the most effective safeguard

of responsible conduct, although in certain areas, additional guidance to staff in

the form of voluntary business principles is beneficial in order to ensure that the

highest standards are met throughout the organization.

• Nestlé is conscious of the fact that the success of a corporation is a reflection of

the professionalism, conduct and the responsible attitude of its management and

employees. Therefore recruitment of the right people and ongoing training and

development are crucial.

Nestlé continues to maintain its commitment to follow and respect all applicable local

laws in each of its markets.

4.6 CORE VALUES-

- A prerequisite for dealing with people is respect and trust.

- Transparency and honesty in dealing with people are a sine qua non for efficient

communication. This is complemented by open dialogue with the purpose of

sharing competencies and boosting creativity.

- To communicate is not only to inform; it is also to listen and to engage in

dialogue.

- The willingness to cooperate, to help others and to learn is a required basis for

advancement and promotion within our company.

38

4.7 A HUMAN COMPANY-

Nestlé is a human Company providing a response to individual human needs throughout

the world with specific concern for the wellbeing of both its consumers and its

employees. This is reflected in its attitude and its sense of responsibility towards people.

We have analyzed Nestle to follow all three models -

- High Performance,

- High Involvement &

- High Commitment.

This is because Nestlé aims to increase sales and profits but, at the same time, to raise the

standard of living everywhere it is active and the quality of life for everyone. Nestlé is

also convinced that it is the people who form the strength of the Company and that

nothing can be achieved without their commitment and their energy, which makes people

its most important asset. Involvement of people at all levels starts with appropriate

information on the Company‘s activities and on the specific aspects of their work.

Through open communication and active co-operation, everyone is invited to contribute

to improvements enhancing Company results and personal development.

4.8 HR PRACTICES-

4.8.1 RECRUITMENT-

- The recruitment process at Nestle is clearly defined. People with qualities like

dynamism, realism, pragmatism, hard work, honesty and trustworthiness.

- Match between candidate‘s values & company‘s culture.

- Recruitment for management levels takes place in the head office and all others at

the branch level. The existing employees are promoted to higher posts as per the

requirements. There are no lateral recruitments. Another source of recruitment is

campus placements and human resource consultancies.

- Decision to hire only by HR staff, no external consultant.

39

People management policies, basic values & principles elaborated in-

- Nestle management & l e a d e r s h i p p r i n c i p l e s - T h e N e s t l é

Management and Leadership Principles describe the management style and the

corporate values of the Nestlé Group, specifically in the area of interpersonal

relations.

- Nestle human resources policy- This policy encompasses those guidelines which

constitute a sound basis for efficient and effective HR Management in the Nestlé

Group around the world.

- Nestle people development review-this policy throws light on Nestlé‘s culture and

core values, different training programs and life of employees after work.

4.8.2 TRAINING-

From the factory floor to the top management, training at Nestlé is continuous. And

because it is mainly given by Nestlé people, it is always relevant to the professional life.

Throughout the world, each country runs its own training programmes (e-Learning,

classroom courses, external courses), and it has five training centres in France, UK,

Spain, Mexico and Brazil.

Nestle provides the following-

- Literacy training-to upgrade essential literacy skills, especially for workers who

operate new equipment (‗Mission-directed Work Team Approach‘). Employees

are also sent abroad to study markets, consumer tastes etc.

- Nestle Apprenticeship Programmes.

- Local Training Programmes-on issues ranging from technical, leadership, and

communication and business economics. Employees are also sent abroad to study

markets, consumer tastes etc.

- Rive-Reine, their International Training and Conference Centre in Switzerland is

where Nestlé people from all over the world meet to exchange information and

Ideas in seminars and training courses.

40

4.8.3 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT-

- Formal assessment by Line Managers and HR once a year with feedback.

- Subordinate can question an unfair evaluation.

- Specific Key Performance Indicators have been enlisted by the HR department.

- One of the important key performance indicators is achievement following the

Nestle management and leadership principles.

- Remuneration structure and p romot i on cri teria take in to accoun t

individual performance.

4.8.4 JOB DESIGN-

- Selection-Combination of writ ten test, GD & interview (Interviews for top

management posts).

- The company incorporates practices like Job Enrichment and Job Enlargement, to

motivate employees and to break the monotony of their job tasks. The

correspondent herself works in both sales and brand management departments,

which is an example of job enlargement.

4.8.5 PAY STRUCTURE-

- Nestle strives to offer fair remuneration. Remuneration level is above the average

in industry.

- The variable component of the salary is comparatively big to reward individual

performance.

- In case of higher management level, the variable part is linked to individual &

Team target achievements.

4.8.6 REWARDS & INCENTIVES-

- ‗Passion to Win‘ awards- These quarterly awards have been institutionalized to

reward those who over-achieve their targets.

- Long-service Awards- To recognize employees who have been with the company

for more than 30 years.

41

- ‗Nestle Idea Award‘- It was found from the correspondent that the company

institutes Nestle Idea Award every quarter to recognize and award employees who

come up with relevant and innovative ideas which have the potential of being

implemented at Nestle.

4.8.7 BENEFITS-

The following benefits are provided to all employees, with no discrimination-

- Leave-Personal & Medical (fixed no. per year)

- Children Education Assistance Scheme

- Provident fund

- Retirement Gratuity Scheme

- Group Insurance & Accidental Insurance Scheme

- Conveyance Reimbursements

- Residential Accommodation

- Monthly health check-ups & free consultation for self & family etc.

4.8.8 EMPLOYEE RELATIONS-

Nestle provides a very healthy working environment which is one of the reasons why

Nestlé‘s employees state their commitment level to be very high.

- Employee turnover is less than 5%., which is considered to be very low for a

multinational corporation.

- Nestle has a open culture & upward communication especially in case of

grievance redressal is encouraged.

- Work/Life balance is given importance, as illustrated in the Nestle Human

Resource Policy document.

- ‗Nestle Family‘ annual events are organized by their HR department whereby

employees alongwith their families are invited.

- Emphasis is laid on safety of employees (Nestle Policy on Health and Safety at

Work).

42

4.8.9 CHANGE MANAGEMENT-

- Nestle has adjusted to the ever-changing external environment for the last 140

years since its inception 1866 without losing its fundamental beliefs and core

values. It manages Change and drives sustainable profitable growth by following

the policy of making gradual changes instead of making drastic and risky

changes.

- ERP implementation- In June 2000, Nestle SA signed a much publicized $200

million contract with SAP and additional $80 to install an ERP system for its

global enterprise to help centralize a conglomerate that owns 200 operating

companies and subsidiaries in 80 countries. While the ERP system was likely to

have long-term benefits, the project touched the corporate structure and culture.

The structure was decentralized, and it tried to centralize it. This was initially

opposed by employees but with subsequent measures taken by the HR like

training etc., this has been successfully implemented.

4.8.10 SAFETY & HEALTH-

The N e s t l e O p e r a t ion a l Safety, H e a l t h a n d R i s k -Management Strategy

d o c u m e n t illustrates that:

- Nestle is dedicated to safe & healthy work environment.

- Regular safety assessments & audits take place by internal & external bodies.

43

CHAPTER 5

SHRM AT NTPC

5.1 AN OVERVIEW OF NTPC-

NTPC Limited is the largest thermal power generating company of India. A public sector

company, it was incorporated in the year 1975 to accelerate power development in the

country as a wholly owned company of the Government of India.

At present, Government of India holds 89.5% of the total equity shares of the company

and the balance 10.5% is held by FIIs, Domestic Banks, Public and others.

Within a span of 31 years, NTPC has emerged as a truly national power company, with

power generating facilities in all the major regions of the country.

5.2 NTPC‘s CORE BUSINESSES-

- Engineering

- Construction

- Operation of power generating plants

- Consultancy in the area of power plant constructions and power generation to

companies in India and abroad.

44

NTPC has set new benchmarks for the power industry both in the area of power plant

construction and operations. It is providing power at the cheapest average tariff in the

country. With its experience and expertise in the power sector, NTPC is extending

consultancy services to various organisations in the power business.

Recognizing its excellent performance and vast potential, Government of the India has

identified NTPC as one of the jewels of Public Sector ‗Navratnas‘- a potential global

giant. Inspired by its glorious past and vibrant present, NTPC is well on its way to realise

its vision of being ―A world class integrated power major, powering India‘s growth, with

increasing global presence‖.

5.3 WHY NTPC?-

NTPC was chosen to study strategic HRM as it is a public sector enterprise but has been

able to achieve excellence in its field by incorporating appropriate HR practices in

employees‘ daily life, which reflect the organization‘s business goals as well. NTPC has

been able to satisfy its employees by adapting its internal environment to the ever-

changing external environment.

5.4 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED-

1. Primary data was collected as follows-

• Visited NTPC office at SCOPE building, CGO complex, Lodhi Road, New

Delhi and met Mr. P. K. Sinha. (DGM – HR )

• Data collected by way of Interview

2. Secondary data was collected from company‘s website.

45

5.5 HUMAN RESOURCES-

NTPC believes in achieving organizational excellence through Human Resources and

follows "People First" approach to leverage the potential of its 23,500 employees to

fulfil its business plans. Human Resources Function has formulated an integrated HR

strategy which rests on four building blocks of HR viz. Competence building,

Commitment building, Culture building and Systems building. All HR initiatives are

undertaken within this broad framework to actualize the HR Vision of "enabling the

employees to be a family of committed world class professionals making NTPC a

learning organization.

Prior To 1997, NTPC‘c HR department was known as the personnel department and

basically all their work was restricted to the administration and all.

NTPC‘S human resource department work on the following model-

1.) Competence building

2.) Commitment building

3.) Culture building

4.) Systems building

Where the systems building include identifying the manpower and looking for these

talent who are apt for the particular project work.

5.6 HR PRACTICES-

5.6.1 RECRUITMENT-

- For the recruitment process the company conduct the all India written test,

- It also goes to the various IIT‘s and NIT‘s for the campus recruitment.

To induct talent and groom them into a dedicated cadre of power professionals

"Executive Trainee" Scheme was introduced in the year 1977 for recruitment in the

disciplines of Mechanical, Electrical, Civil, Control & Instrumentation and now

Encompasses Computer Science, Chemistry, and HR and Finance disciplines also.

46

5.6.2 TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT-

- A comprehensive one-year training comprising theoretical inputs as well as on-

the-job training.

- The new recruits are also attached with senior executives under a systematic and

formal 'Mentoring System' of the company to integrate them into the Culture of

the company.

- As part of post employment training and development opportunities, a systematic

Training plan has been formulated for ensuring minimum seven man days training

per employee per year and includes level-wise planned intervention designed to

groom people for assuming positions of higher responsibility, as well as specific

need-based interventions based on scientific Training Needs Analysis.

- NTPC has set up 15 project training centres, 2 simulator training centres and an

apex institute namely 'Power Management Institute' (PMI). While the project

training centres (Employee Development Centres) have specialized in imparting

technical skills and knowledge, PMI places emphasis on management

development. Besides opportunities for long term education are also provided

through tie ups with reputed Institutions like IIT, Delhi, (M.Tech in Power

Generation Technology), MDI, Gurgaon (Executive MBA programme), BITS,

Pilani (B.Tech) etc.

5.6.3 JOB EVALUATION-

In NTPC all the roles are uniquely defined and they have role directories. Every

individual in the company is evaluated every year on the following parameters-

1) KPA

2) FUNCTIONAL COMPETENCIES

3) MANAGERIAL COMPETENCIES

4) CORE VALUES

47

KPA includes the key performance areas of every employee.

This process is done every year and every individual are judged on the mark of 100

wherein 70% of weight age is given to the KPA. And rest 30% is distributed equally

amongst the various parameters. (This percentage may vary year wise).

5.6.4 JOB ANALYSIS-

- NTPC has the provision for the job rotation policy also. Every 10% of the

employee is rotated in various areas of a department to avoid the monotony of

the work. This also works as the one of the most important factor for the retention

of the employee in the company.

- All the employees are encouraged to come up with the creative and the innovative

ideas.

- The overall-working environment of the NTPC is employee friendly which works

as the driver to the motivation of the employees.

5.6.5 REWARDS, INCENTIVES & BENEFITS-

- Incentives scheme – It is group performance based (no individual incentives)

This illustrates that the company encourages effective and efficient teamwork.

- Retention strategies – they include giving Mediclaim to all employees, various

monetary incentives and a favourable work environment.

5.6.6 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (PMS)-

- PMS started in 2004 for the alignment of company‘s and employees‘ goals. Prior

to the implementation of this system, in 2002 each and every employee was

sensitized about this system. It is a 3-stage process-

1. Target study

2. mid term appraisal

3. Final review

48

A target is set in the beginning of the project or the year and after that in the middle of it

the project is reviewed for the appraisal and being checked whether if there is any flaw or

Lagging in the project so that it can be upgraded accordingly. And then finally the final review is done. The shorter the span of the project the higher the frequency of the review being done.

- Open system - Individual evaluation (marks out of 100 given to each employee) is

done at the end of the year.

5.6.7 EMPLOYEE RELATIONS-

Demonstrating its high concern for people, NTPC has developed strong employee

welfare, health & well-being and social security systems leading to high level of

commitment.

- The attrition rate in this company is less than 1%.

- NTPC offers best quality-of-life through beautiful townships with all amenities

such as educational, medical and recreational opportunities for employees and

Their family members. The motivation to perform and excel is further enhanced

through a comprehensive NTPC Rewards and Recognition system.

- Employee satisfaction survey- done by Shriram centre every 2-3 years along with

e-darpan online survey.

5.6.8 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM)-

- All the total quality management tools are used In NTPC except six sigma.

- "Professional Circles" have been formed department-wise where Executives of

the department meet every fortnight to share their knowledge and experiences and

discuss topical issues.

- In order to tap the latent talent among non-executives and make use of their

potential for creativity and innovation, Quality Circles have been set up in various

units/offices in NTPC.

- Besides a management journal called "Horizon" is published quarterly to enable

Employees to share their ideas and experiences across the organization.

49

CHAPTER 6

ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

The Model employed by Nestle is one of High Performance, High involvement and high

commitment due to reasons illustrated in chapter 4.

Nestle is unique in the sense that it has been able to successfully inculcate its business

objective as well as its core values, consistently in its employees day-to-day activities

starting from recruitment till continuous performance appraisals. Like, open and flexible

culture is ensured by way of providing training programs to employees at all the levels.

This kind of culture is also supported by decentralized structure of Nestle. Transparent

performance appraisal systems and the freedom given to them to question their seniors

benefit not only the employees but even the organization as a whole. Nestlé‘s emphasis

on individual achievement is evident from the kind of pay structure HR has designed for

its employees.

Nestlé, over its long historical development from a small village operation to the world‘s

leading food Company, has demonstrated an enviable capability to adjust to an ever

changing

external environment, without losing its fundamental beliefs and core values, so

important for long-term success. Over the years to come, this capability of using HR as a

strategic partner in implementation of company‘s activities will continue to be challenged

even more as Nestlé is growing in size and complexity up to a dimension which demands

a continuous evolution of its organization and of the way in which it is run. Its motivation

based on willingness to learn and to question what it is doing and why it is doing it,

Combined with its long standing respect for Nestlé values, will assure its success.

50

The Model employed by NTPC is one of High involvement and high commitment due to

reasons illustrated in chapter 5.

NTPC‘s HR vision of enabling employees to become a family of committed world-class

professionals is depicted by the company‘s People First approach. Unique features

illustrated by its Human Resource Department like the 10% Job Rotation Policy, giving

same benefits to all employees, TQM practices of Quality and Professional Circles and

development of superior Townships provide a healthy work environment for the

employees. Such strategic HRM activities at SHRM ensure high productivity as well as

low attrition rates at NTPC.

The above SHRM practices help both companies to harmonize it's HR policies with the

business strategy leading to Competitive Advantage, Distinctive Capabilities and

Strategic Fit .As a result enabling them to become India's one of the biggest organizations

in their own fields and to grow further.

51

ANNEXURE

Below is the Questionnaire given to five employees of Nestle India working at the

Branch Office located in Connaught Place, New Delhi. It has been organized chapter

wise to facilitate easy reading.

1. What are the achievements of Nestle?

2. What are the various Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives being carried out

by Nestle?

3. What is the hierarchy at Nestle? Kindly illustrate it with an organizational chart.

4. What structure does your organization have?

5. What degree of formalization exists in the organization?

6. What kind of training programmes are conducted for the employees and what are

the role requirements for the employees?

7. Is there centralization in the organization?

8. Is the span of control narrow or broad?

9. Is there flexibility in the organization?

10. What is the degree to which Nestle creates clear objectives and performance

expectations?

11. What is the degree to which units within the organization are encouraged to

operate in a coordinated method?

12. What is the degree to which managers provide clear communication, assistance,

and support to their subordinates?

13. What is the degree to which employees identify themselves with the organization

as a whole rather than their particular workgroup or field of professional

Expertise?

52

14. What is the degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and

criticisms openly?

15. What is the degree to which communication patterns are restricted to the formal

hierarchy of authority?

16. How many rules and regulations and how much direct supervision is used to

oversee and control employee behavior?

17. What is the degree to which reward allocations are based on employee

performance. What is the mechanism of Performance Appraisal?

18. What is the degree to which employees are encouraged to be

aggressive, Innovative and risk seeking?

19. What is the degree of responsibility, freedom, and independence that employees

have?

20. How does Nestle reward achievement and good work?

21. What are the initiatives carried out by Nestle to facilitate interaction and

cohesiveness within its employees?

22. What are the factors that can cause change?

23. What are the possible consequences of various changes for the organization?

24. How does Nestle deal with change given that it produces 10000 products which

are marketed in 130 countries?

53

ARTICLES OR WEB REFERRENCES

http://www.articlesnatch.com/Article/Strategic-Human-Resource-

Management/995063#ixzz1CzYXbLLm

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3495/is_12_48/ai_n5989579/pg_14/

http://www.pdfchaser.com/SELECTIVE-HIRING-PROCESSES.html#

http://www.myadrenalin.com/india/Downloads/news/TOIBG_2007_1_17_8.pdf

http://www.roffeypark.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/Events/HR%20Innovation/HR%20In

novation%20Pogramme.pdf

http://www.creelmanresearch.com/files/Creelman2009vol2_6.pdf

http://www.opm.gov/studies/alignnet.pdf

http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2004-06-04manjari.pdf

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W4J-4VJS6V1-

1&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2009&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_orig

in=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion

=0&_userid=10&md5=5c3de49448e7a25b69e0cf45928fcb5d&searchtype=a

http://www.themanager.org/Knowledgebase/HR/SHRM.htm

http://humanresources.about.com/od/humanresourcesstrategic/Strategic_Human_Resource_

Management.htm

http://www.palgrave.com/business/brattonandgold/docs/bgcha02.pdf

www.shrm.org/competencies. and http://www.shrmindia.org/

http://www.shrm.org/about/foundation/products/Pages/HRRoleModelsDVD.aspx#

http://www.elearning.shrm.org/newhrcompetency.aspx

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4256/is_n2_v18/ai_12720961/

http://www.shrmindia.org/competency-models-and-performance-management

http://www2.shrm.org/competencies/

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4256/is_n2_v18/ai_12720961/pg_5/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource-based_view/Human_resource_management

http://rphrm.curtin.edu.au/2006/issue2/strategic.html

54

http://www.oppapers.com/subjects/resource-based-model-and-hrm-page1.html

http://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?q=resource+based+model+hrm&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vi

s=1&oi=scholart

http://www.oppapers.com/subjects/nestle-human-resources-page1.html

Book References 1. ^ a b Armstrong, Michael (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice

(10th ed.). London: Kogan Page. ISBN 0-7494-4631-5. OCLC 62282248.

2. ^ "personnel management". The Columbia Encyclopedia (Sixth Edition ed.). Columbia University Press. 2005. http://www.bartleby.com/65/x-/X-personne.html. Retrieved 2007-10-17. "Personnel management - see industrial management".

3. ^ Encyclopedia Britannica (kl Ed.). "Personnel administration is also frequently called personnel management, industrial relations, and employee relations".

4. ^ Towers, David. "Human Resource Management essays". http://www.towers.fr/essays/hrm.html. Retrieved 2007-10-17.

5. ^ Golding, N. (2010) "Strategic Human Resource Management" in Beardwell, J. & Calydon, T. (2010) Human Resource Management A Contemporary Approach, FT Prentice Hall

6. ^ Storey, J. (2007) "What is strategic HRM?" in Storey, J. (2007) Human Resource Management: A Critical Text, Thompson

7. ^ Paauwe, J. (2009) 'HRM and Performance: Achievement, Methodological Issues and Prospects' Journal of Management Studies, 46 (1)

8. ^ Pfeffer, J. (1994) Competitive advantage through people, Harvard Business School Press

9. ^ Becker, B. and Gerhart, B. (1996) 'The impact of human resource management on organizational performance' Academy of Management Journal 39 (4) 779-801

10. ^ Kochan, T. and Barocci, T. (1985) Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations, Little Brown

11. ^ Delery, J. and Doty, H. (1996) 'Modes of theorizing in SHRM' Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 802-835

12. ^ Prahalad, C. and Hamel, G. (1990) 'The core competences of the organization' Harvard Business Review

13. ̂ Ulrich, Dave (1996). Human Resource Champions. The next agenda for adding value and delivering results. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press

14. Journal of Management, June, 1992 by Patrick M. Wright, Gary C. McMahan