fire detection and alarm systems_presentation

7/23/2019 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems_Presentation

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Fire Detectionand Alarm

Systems



What is the purpose of anFDAS ?

What is FDAS ?

Fire Detection and Alarm System

An FDAS is designed to detect the

unwanted presence of re/smoke bymonitoring environmental changesassociated with combustion



!otify building occupants to takeevasive action to escape thedangers of a hostile re

Summon Fire "rigade #eam$Admin/Security/Sta%s& to initiate orassist in re control activities

'nitiate automatic re control (suppression systems ( to sound thealarm

Why FDAS is re)uired?



Supervise re control( suppression

systems to assureoperational status ismaintained

'nitiate au*iliaryfunctions involving

environmental+ utility

Why FDAS is re)uired?,ont



,omponents of an FDAS

Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) - #his component+ the hub of thesystem+ monitors inputs and systemintegrity+ controls outputs and relaysinformationPrimary Power supply- ,ommonlythe non-switched . 0 or 10 2oltAlternating ,urrent source suppliedfrom a commercial power utility



Types of FACP

1. Conventional - A conventionalsystem employs one or moreinitiating circuits+ connected tosensors $initiating devices& wired inparallel

. 3ain drawback with conventional panels isthat one cannot specify which device has

been activated within a circuit/area/4oor



2. A ressa!le - #his type ofinstallation gives each detector on asystem an in ivi ual num!er + ora ress #hus+ addressable detectorsallow an FA,5+ and thereforeAdmin/Security/Fire ghters+ to know the

"eneral location of an alarm where theaddress is indicated on a diagram $i e6nit number+ 4oor number&

pes of FACP continue ..



#. Fully A ressa!le - #his type ofinstallation gives each detector on a systema SP$C%F%C in ivi ual num!er + or

a ress #hus+ addressable detectors allowan FA,5+ and therefore Admin/Security/Fire

ghters+ to know the $&ACT location of analarm where the address is indicated on adiagram $i e 7itchen area inside the 6nit+8levator hallway. etc &

pes of FACP continue ..

9,ommonly used system



DAS System



ures of Fully A ressa!le FACP

5icture taken at 352



ictures FACP

5icture taken at :"#



ictures FACP

5icture taken at SA6;



ictures FACP




mponents of an FDAS continue ..

Secon ary (!ac'up) Powersupplies - #his component+ commonlyconsisting of sealed lead-acid storagebatteries or other emergency sourcesincluding generators+ is used tosupply energy in the event of aprimary power failure $average idletime< = hrs& %nitiatin" Devices- #his componentacts as an input to the re alarmcontrol unit and are either manually



DAS Deviceson ary (!ac'up) Power supply atterie



*elay



DAS Devices•

+anually Actuate Device ( designed to beinitiated manually like pull stations or!uttons &



DAS Devices

#aken at :"# at San >uan

3anual ,all 5oint/35S ( orn Strobe



DAS Devices

#aken at 352 - ,ubao



,eat DetectorsFi e Temperature Detectors

@ldest types in use elatively ine*pensive

:east prone to false alarms Activation temperature slightlyabove highest ceiling temperature 3ay detect heat by means ofe*pansion of heated material+melting of heated material +resistance changes in the heatedmaterial



,eat Detectors continue ..

*ate-of-*ise ,eat Detectors

@perate on the principle that thetemperature in a room will increasefaster from re than from atmospherictemperature

Will initiate an alarm when thetemperature hits / 0C



,eat Detectors continue ..*ate-of-*ise ,eat Detectors

eliable devices+ not subBect tofalse activations "ut if not properly installed+ theycan be activated under non- reconditions $eg detector

located too close to doorway andsubBect to e*treme 4uctuations intemperatures &



eat etector



Smo'e Detectors,an initiate an alarm muc

uic'er than a heat detectorbecause it responds to smokegenerated very early in a reCs

developmentAre typically housed in a disk-shaped plastic enclosure about

. 0mm $E in& in diameter andmm $. in& thick+ but the shapecan vary by manufacturer orproduct line



Smo'e Detectors continue ..P otoelectric Smo'e

Detectors 6ses a photocell coupled witha speci c light source "asically smoke entering thesmoke detector chamberdisrupts the light beamcausing an alarm signal to beinitiated



Smo'e Detectors

P otoelectric Smo'eDetectors



Smo'e Detectorsasic Parts of P otoelectric Smo'e Detectors

1. 4ptical c am!er2. Cover#. Case mol in"

. P oto io e5. %nfra re 6$D



Smo'e Detectors continue ...%oni3ation Smo'e Detectors

'nvisible products of combustionenter the chamber decreasingthe current between the G ( H

plates $disrupts the 4ow of ions&+thereby initiating an alarm signal ;enerally responds faster to

4aming res versus smolderingres Automatically resets when theatmosphere clears



mo'e Detectors



oes Smo'e etectors wor'7



FDAS Testin"8 %nspection an+aintenanceFire alarm systems are e*pected to helpprotect people+ property+ and assets "ut youcanCt tell if theyCre fully operational 9ust !y

loo'in" at t em

Dust8 irt8 an ot er contaminants cancause problems with smoke detectors Such

things as van alism8 remo elin"8 animproper maintenance procedures canalso damage re protection e)uipment



Fire Alarm System Testin"8%nspection an +aintenance : Four

( ) Steps1. Test an cali!rate alarm sensors+ suchas 4ame and smoke detectors+ permanufacturer speci cations #his re)uiresknowing about the di%erent sensorsIandtheir testing re)uirements+ failure modes+and re-installation re)uirements

2. Simulate inputs and test theannunciators #his re)uires speci cknowledge of the system under test

#. C ec' t e !attery for corrosion ande piration ate + then take appropriate

action+ if necessary

erify if the e)uipment is still on warranty period



AlarmFumes from cooking processesSteam

#obacco Smoke/ 8-,igarette 2aporDust'nsect/s

Aerosol Sprayigh air velocity

8lectromagnetic interference'ncense/,andles

igh umiditySubstantial 4uctuation in #emperatureAccidental damage $35S&5ressure surges $Sprinkler system&

ot works



8nd of eport

5repared by< ayJon F Santos

fire detection and alarm systems_presentation

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