First Nations

Sissi ShengMs. Eleveld

CIA 4UMay 22nd

I will be able to explain the historical background of the

First Nations people in Canada (e.g. residential schools).

I will be able to identify the socio-economic problems facing the First Nations people.

I will be able to describe the resource development that is happening on the traditional lands of the First Nations people.

I will be able to analyse the economic and socio-cultural impact of resource development on the traditional lands of the First Nations People (e.g. logging and commercial fishing in British Columbia, mining in the North, gaming in Ontario).

Learning Goals

1st Learning Goal

To explain the historical background of the First Nations people in Canada (e.g. residential schools).

Aboriginal people

First Nation & Aboriginal people

First Nations (Indians)InuitMētis

For at least 12,000 years Survived in a harsh

environment Lived mainly from

hunting and fishing Self-government Complex material

cultures (tools, clothing, shelter, transportation, etc.)

Historical background

A federally run boarding

school, under the Department of Indian Affairs.

The Canadian Government believed it was responsible for educating aboriginal people.

Learn English, Christianity and adopted lifestyle for life in mainstream society.

Historical Background(About Residential Schools

19th century)

Discouraged from speaking their first language

or practising native traditions

Rarely had opportunities to see examples of normal family life.

All correspondence from the children was written in English, which many parents couldn't read. 

 All activities were segregated by gender.

Historical Background(About Residential Schools

19th century)

Use Your Imagination~

2nd Learning Goal

To identify the socio-economic problems facing the First Nations people.

Take residential schools for example

What do you think is the impact of residential schools on children/ communities (First Nations)?

Discussion

Communities became childless- segregation and

isolation Rampant physical and sexual abuse Emotional Traditional values changed (language) Family disconnection Shame and guilt for being “savages” i.e. not

civilized Feelings of not belonging, depression and anger Traditional knowledge discouraged and devalued Separation from each other and the land

Socio-economic Problems

Rate of suicide (6 X higher than mainstream

society) Addictions & health problems Poverty & Unemployment Illiteracy & high school drop out Domestic, violence and sexual abuse Racism, external and internalized oppression

(future alienation)

Socio-economic Problems(Ongoing Impact)

“Over many decades, … We have experienced harmful

environmental, socio-economic, and cultural impacts resulting from colonialism, industrial events, and past hydroelectric development … My Tribe currently suffers from a high rate of poverty and unemployment, and lacks necessary educational, job and business opportunities. The young people are especially disadvantaged in this regard; and as our population continues to grow, the problem will only worsen. … It has been the experience of trappers, gatherers, hunters, fishermen and Elders that this cannot solely sustain us. We require additional forms of economic development and revenue for our Tribe.” -- August 22, 2002, Chief Duke Beardy, Tataskweyak Cree Nation, letter to the Editor, City Pages.

Socio-economic Problems

A high rate of poverty and unemployment Lacks necessary educational, job and

business opportunities Disadvantaged young people

Socio-economic Problems

(Check your understanding)

What socio-economic problems are mentioned in the previous selection?

3rd Learning Goal

To describe the resource development that is happening on the traditional lands of the First Nations

people.

“Now, a series of projects – mines in Ontario

and Quebec, potash plants in Saskatchewan, oil sands operations in Alberta, pipelines and natural gas export terminals in British Columbia – have begun to rewrite the priorities for aboriginal Canadians, shifting the focus onto resource development and setting the future agenda for whoever is elected to lead the AFN.”

Resource Development

Resources: Mining & pipelines - coal,

petroleum, and natural gas (for jobs and economic development, great GDP)

Logging and Forestry (including wood product, and pulp and paper manufacturing)

Commercial Fishing

Resource Development

“The Pacific Region is home to diverse

commercial, recreational and Aboriginal fisheries. The value of the commercial fishery in 2007 was more than $230 million and includes salmon, groundfish, pelagic and shellfish species… Through consultation, cooperative management and stewardship activities, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) regional staff and Aboriginal groups are working together to build strong, healthy relationships and sustainable fisheries.” -----Fisheries and Oceans Canada

Resource Development(About Fishery)

“Fisheries in British Columbia are in a period of transition as a result of increasing demands and pressures on the resource … This includes First Nations seeking increasing shares in the fishery and greater involvement in management and decision-making… However, First Nations in BC have lacked a strong, collective vision … and to address the wide range of other regional and provincial fisheries issues. As a result, First Nations often find themselves reacting to issues … as well as actions and decisions taken by the commercial, sport and recreational fishing sectors or others.”

Resource Development(About Fishery)

 IOGC (Indian Oil And Gas Canada) is responsible for carrying out the legal obligations of the federal government related to the management of oil and gas resources on First Nation lands, and to support First Nation initiatives for managing and controlling their oil and gas resources. ---- Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Canada

Resource Development(About Mining)

The First Nation Forestry Program (FNFP) is intended to promote forest-based economic development in First Nation communities. Specifically, the program supports First Nation initiatives to: enhance their capacity to sustainably manage reserve

forests, enhance their capacity to participate in forest-based

businesses, increase First Nation cooperation and partnerships, and investigate mechanisms for financing First Nation

forestry development.The program is jointly administered and funded by AANDC and NRCan.

Resource Development(About Forestry)

4th Learning Goal

To analyse the economic and socio-cultural impact of resource development on the traditional lands of the

First Nations People

Use your imagination again~

Pretend that you are one member of First Nations. What do you think will change in your life? How do you feel about it?

Class Activity

“The reality is that when it comes to First Nations and Aboriginals in Canada, gambling giveth and gambling taketh away. OLG says Ontario‘s First Nations will share in their expansion’s profits, but statistics suggest First Nations communities are already being torn apart by gambling addiction at a disproportionate rate.”---Helping or Harming Ontario Gaming Expansion And First Nations

Economic And Socio-Cultural Impact

(About Gaming In Ontario)

“It also, however, frequently interferes with First Nations’ use of their traditional lands and significantly harms the environment to which their culture is inextricably linked. B.C. mining laws provide some safeguards for First Nations and the environment, but they favor the industry they are intended to regulate and do not adequately institutionalize the special protections First Nations are entitled to under international and domestic law. While some First Nations have benefited from mining within their boundaries, in general, First Nations bear an unfair burden at every point in the mining process.” ---- BEARING THE BURDENTHE EFFECTS OF MINING ON FIRST NATIONS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

Economic And Socio-Cultural Impact

(About Mining)

The following table shows the total economic and employment impacts of non-outfitted sport fishing in Saskatchewan.

(Expenditures that would be lost if not for the sport fishing industry.)

Economic And Socio-Cultural Impact(About Fishing)

Total GDP Impact

Direct and Indirect Impacts

Induced Impact

Total GDP Impact

GDP Generated

$23,256,150 $6,020,053 $29,276,203

Total Employment

$14,702,624 $6,635,084 $21,337,708

Total Jobs (FTE)

698.6 216.7 915.3

“The social impacts of commercial fishing are significant in terms of both employment and cultural significance.. …While the economic impact analysis indicates that the industry should employ 200 full-time equivalent positions the reality is that commercial fishing directly employs 1,200 people on a seasonal basis…. When asked on a scale of one to ten how important fishing was as a part of culture, lifestyle or tradition, respondents had an average response of 9.4.

Economic And Socio-Cultural Impact

(About Fishing)

What do you think has the most impact on the resource development, a negative influence or a positive influence?

Discussion

Positive:

It increases First Nations authority and responsibility for land environmental management.

It provides job opportunities and businesses. It promotes increase in GDP and economic

growth. It promotes resource development. It encourages traditionally related

employment and retains the culture.

Economic & Socio-Cultural Impact (Check Your

Understanding)

Negative:

Addiction and Poverty of First Nations Harm the environment and their cultures Inadequate institutionalized industries Unfair burden in the (mining) process Cause potential seasonal unemployment

GREEN GREEN WATER BIASED. N.p., 22 Aug. 2002. Web. 21 May 2013.

"BC First Nations Fisheries Action Plan." British Columbia Assembly Of First Nations, n.d. 

Krishnaswamy, A, L Joseph, E Simmons, G Thomas, and J Passmore. "First Nations, Forestry, and Natural Resources Information Needs in British Columbia." FORREX, 2009. Web. 21 May 2013.

Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. N.p., 2011. Web. 21 May 2013.

Murray, Derek. "Final Report Economic Evaluation of Saskatchewan's Commercial and Non-Outfitted Sport Fishing." Saskatchewan Environment, Dec. 2006. Web. 21 May 2013.

Work Cited

"Residential Schools A History of Residential Schools in Canada." CBC news Canada. N.p., 16 May 2008. Web. 21 May 2013.

"A Brief History Of First Nations Colonization And Impacts." N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.

Canada's First Peoples. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.

First Nation History. Aundeck Omni Kaning, n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.

Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Government of Canada, n.d. Web. 21 May 2013.

Goffin, Peter. Rabble.ca. N.p., 25 Mar. 2013. Web. 21 May 2013.

"Bearing the Burden The Effects of Mining of First Nations British Columbia." International Human Rights Program, Harvard Law School, 7 June 2010. Web. 21 May 22013.

Work Cited

Thank You For Your

Attention