First shots

Jefferson Davis chooses to turn peaceful secession into war>>fires on Ft. Sumter

•Fall of Ft. Sumter unites North

•Virginia unwilling to fight South >secedes

•Union’s goals>>>>

• advantages??

•Anaconda Plan

•Blockade southern ports, divide confederacy in the west, capture Richmond, Confederate capital

•Confederate advantages?

•Confederate Strategy=Defense

Gen. Stonewall Jackson -1st major battle of the Civil War-Confederate VictoryLincoln appoints McClellan- calls for 1 million soldiers for the army

• ShilohShiloh>>Confederate troops surprise >>Confederate troops surprise attack Unionattack Union

• General George McClellan General George McClellan -1st -1st Commanding Union GeneralCommanding Union General

• General Ulysses S. Grant General Ulysses S. Grant given given command of the westcommand of the west

LESSONS LEARNED>>> preparation LESSONS LEARNED>>> preparation needed before battlesneeded before battles

• http://www.history.com/topics/reconstruction/videos#civil-war

Antietam

• Lee leads attack into Maryland• Bloodiest single day battle• Confederates retreat but McClellan does not go

after Lee• Lincoln fires McClellan after this huge defeat

• New weapons• Rifles faster, more accurate• Grenades, land mines used• generals

Trent AffairTrent Affair•GB nearly declares war on Union during Civil war

•Lincoln frees captured diplomats to avoid war with GB•In the end GB is neutral

Emancipation Proclamation• Lincoln’s view on slavery starts to change>• He was morally opposed but in the beginning he

didn’t think the US govt. had the power to interfere with slavery where it already existed

• Lincoln ALWAYS stated his #1 goal>> Save the Union• He considered slave labor as part of the war effort>

He could use his war power to end slavery• Union army could free slaves

• Turned war into a struggle against slavery• Confederate states only ones included• Didn’t free slaves elsewhere• Significance????

• Symbolic value of the Emancipation proclamation>>>

• gives war moral purpose• People knew they were fighting for a just cause• Lincoln will continue to alter his thinking and

push for passage of 13th amend. • Conscription

• Draft Riots• Northerners angry at the draft, and fear newly

freed slaves will compete for jobs

• The Battle for Vicksburg

• Gives North control of the Mississippi to the Union and cuts the Confederacy in half!. Vicksburg + Gettysburg

= end is near

• Conscription

• Draft Riots

• Northerners angry at the draft, and fear newly freed slaves will compete for jobs

• Slaves seek freedom behind Union army lines

• Former slaves and free blacks join Union Army>> Most famous 54th Mass regiment

• AA’s face discrimination and lower pay than white soldiers

• How does the war effect the South>

• South devastated as war goes on> food shortages, loss of slaves, property destruction

• North economy booms> factories selling large numbers of goods

• 1st income tax to pay for war

• Civil War medicine>>there wasn’t much

• Disease rampant in army camps>>kills more than battles

• Army prison camps even worse

Andersonville GA- the worst Confederate prison 1/3 of prisoners die

Northern prisons slightly better

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYDhAmjmxYk

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTcaRk0ZRJ4

• At 2:04 little round top• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zo8u1iPmuYc• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nCTRxhKTEU• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qz8T5iW5FPw• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZL-5uyp44WA

““That from these honored dead we take That from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotionthey gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these —that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”.not perish from the earth”.

• Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address expressed Lincoln’s resolve to maintain what?????

• The living need to dedicate themselves to preserving the union

Gen. Wm. T. Gen. Wm. T. ShermanSherman

Atlanta Campaign

Sherman used total war during Georgia campaign.

•March to the Sea

•Destroys everything, even attacking civilians, burning down everything in his path

End of the War is near

• Election of 1864 Lincoln reelected but new group of “Radical Republicans” propose harsh conditions for readmission to the Union for South

• 1865 All Union Generals closing in on Confederate capital Richmond>>Jefferson Davis abandons Richmond then they set fire to it

• Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House in Virginia

• Lee’s soldiers treated very well, sent home with their small weapons, horses

Legacy of the War• 13th amendment• Clara Barton helps found American Red Cross• Approx. 650,000 dead• War cost both sides estimated 3.3 bil• Gap between North and South only

widened…….is it healed today?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qAeFjCscRY