first uta latex workshop part 1outline basics writing features linguistics closing first uta latex...
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Outline Basics Writing Features Linguistics Closing
First UTA LATEX Workshoppart 1
Andrew McKenzie (feat. Josh Jensen)
February 6, 2011
Outline Basics Writing Features Linguistics Closing
1 Basics
2 Writing
3 Features
4 Linguistics
5 Closing
Outline Basics Writing Features Linguistics Closing
What’s in this section
Concepts and jargon
Commands
Simple text
Outline Basics Writing Features Linguistics Closing
What’s in this section
Concepts and jargon
Commands
Simple text
Outline Basics Writing Features Linguistics Closing
What’s in this section
Concepts and jargon
Commands
Simple text
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Concepts
TEX is a typesetting engine (Donald Knuth)
LATEX is a program consisting of macros that make TEX easyto use. (Leslie Lamport)
workflow
source file → typeset → output file.tex .pdf, .ps, .dvi
The document consists of text, comments, and commands.
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Text and comments
Text is, well, text.
Use % to mark a comment. All text for the rest of theparagraph will be ignored by TEX.
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Commands
Instructions to LATEX are given with commands
Sometimes, commands have arguments, which are delimitedby curly braces ({ . . . })Commands can have options, too— these are marked bybrackets ([ . . . ]) before any arguments.
declaration \ldots . . . (cf. ...)command \textbf{chicken} chicken
\begin[t]{picture}
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Commands
Instructions to LATEX are given with commands
Sometimes, commands have arguments, which are delimitedby curly braces ({ . . . })Commands can have options, too— these are marked bybrackets ([ . . . ]) before any arguments.
declaration \ldots . . . (cf. ...)command \textbf{chicken} chicken
\begin[t]{picture}
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Commands
Instructions to LATEX are given with commands
Sometimes, commands have arguments, which are delimitedby curly braces ({ . . . })Commands can have options, too— these are marked bybrackets ([ . . . ]) before any arguments.
declaration \ldots . . . (cf. ...)command \textbf{chicken} chicken
\begin[t]{picture}
Outline Basics Writing Features Linguistics Closing
Commands
Instructions to LATEX are given with commands
Sometimes, commands have arguments, which are delimitedby curly braces ({ . . . })Commands can have options, too— these are marked bybrackets ([ . . . ]) before any arguments.
declaration \ldots . . . (cf. ...)command \textbf{chicken} chicken
\begin[t]{picture}
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Commands
Instructions to LATEX are given with commands
Sometimes, commands have arguments, which are delimitedby curly braces ({ . . . })Commands can have options, too— these are marked bybrackets ([ . . . ]) before any arguments.
declaration \ldots . . . (cf. ...)command \textbf{chicken} chicken
\begin[t]{picture}
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What’s in this section
Structuring the document
PreambleSectioningEnvironments
Basic writing
Automatic stuffAccentsBasic fonts
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Basic document parts
Use commands to instruct LATEX how to structure yourdocument
\documentclass{article} % type of document% preamble
\begin{document} % start of document
Below is a picture of a polar bearcovering its face in a blizzard.
% content
\end{document} % end of document
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The preamble
The preamble contains:
Document class — article, book, report, letter, beamerTitle informationGlobal options — typography (fonts, headers, footers,bibliographies)Packages (sets of macros)
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Use commands to split your document into sections. Thecommands have arguments that contain the title of the section.
\section{Introduction}. . .\subsection{Discussion of the problem}. . .
Basic parts
section
subsection
subsubsection
paragraph
subparagraph
chapter only in book and report classes
part only in book and report classes
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Section numbering
LATEX will automatically number your sections for you, even ifyou re-arrange them.
If you don’t want a section to be numbered, use the*-operator after the command name.
\section*{Introduction}. . .\subsection*{Discussion of the problem}. . .
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Environments
An environment is a part of the text that is subject to a set ofmacros.
Call for an environment using the \begin and \endcommands.
\begin{document}. . .\end{document}Declarations apply for the rest of their environment\begin{document}\bfseries % The text from here will be boldface\end{document}
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Environments
An environment is a part of the text that is subject to a set ofmacros.
Call for an environment using the \begin and \endcommands.
\begin{document}. . .\end{document}Declarations apply for the rest of their environment\begin{document}\bfseries % The text from here will be boldface\end{document}
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Environments
An environment is a part of the text that is subject to a set ofmacros.
Call for an environment using the \begin and \endcommands.
\begin{document}. . .\end{document}Declarations apply for the rest of their environment\begin{document}\bfseries % The text from here will be boldface\end{document}
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Common environments
documentabstractpicturefiguretabbingquote short blockquotesquotation long blockquotesverbatim text including commandsverse for the poetic typestable table ensconcertabular actual tablesitemize unordered listsenumerate ordered listsdescription described lists
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Delimiting scope
There are other ways to delimit portions of your document.curly braces { . . . }brackets [ . . . ]parentheses ( . . . )
Stray curly braces are a common source of errors intypesetting
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LATEX will do it for you
line breaks
page breaks
alignment (justified)
hyphenation
indentation
paragraph breaks
line spacing
font size and weight
word/sentence spacing
\\\pagebreak, \newpage(see later)
\-,\hyphenate{wo-rd}\noindent\par\linespread{factor}(see later)
(see later)
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LATEX will do it for you . . . or you can force it
line breaks
page breaks
alignment (justified)
hyphenation
indentation
paragraph breaks
line spacing
font size and weight
word/sentence spacing
\\\pagebreak, \newpage(see later)
\-,\hyphenate{wo-rd}\noindent\par\linespread{factor}(see later)
(see later)
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Accents
Adding accents is pretty easy in LATEX— use a command.
Note that to add one to i, you should use the dotless i : \’{\i}
Image from http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/tutorial7/accents zoom.png
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Text symbols
A lot of symbols are restricted to math mode (q.v.), but manyare available in text.
Many of these replace symbols used in instructions to LATEX
Image from http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/tutorial7/symbols.png
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Math mode
LATEX was created for mathematicians and computerscientists, so it’s very good at math.
z
(1 +
√ωi+1 + ζ − x + 1
Θ + 1y + 1
)= 1
[X + a ≥ a
∑iN lim x→kδC
]Equations are done in a special environment called math mode.
Equations from http://pangea.stanford.edu/computing/unix/formatting/latexexample.php
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Math mode
LATEX was created for mathematicians and computerscientists, so it’s very good at math.
z
(1 +
√ωi+1 + ζ − x + 1
Θ + 1y + 1
)= 1
[X + a ≥ a
∑iN lim x→kδC
]Equations are done in a special environment called math mode.
Equations from http://pangea.stanford.edu/computing/unix/formatting/latexexample.php
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Math mode
LATEX was created for mathematicians and computerscientists, so it’s very good at math.
z
(1 +
√ωi+1 + ζ − x + 1
Θ + 1y + 1
)= 1
[X + a ≥ a
∑iN lim x→kδC
]Equations are done in a special environment called math mode.
Equations from http://pangea.stanford.edu/computing/unix/formatting/latexexample.php
Outline Basics Writing Features Linguistics Closing
Math mode
LATEX was created for mathematicians and computerscientists, so it’s very good at math.
z
(1 +
√ωi+1 + ζ − x + 1
Θ + 1y + 1
)= 1
[X + a ≥ a
∑iN lim x→kδC
]Equations are done in a special environment called math mode.
Equations from http://pangea.stanford.edu/computing/unix/formatting/latexexample.php
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Math symbols
Sometimes, we wanna use a symbol that is in math mode, but wedon’t want a whole equation.
$ . . . $
\[ . . . \]
Inside math mode, many symbols and operators are extremelyuseful.→ \to∅ \emptyset∃ \existsα \alphaΣ \Sigma
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Superscripts and subscripts
In math mode. . .
$ t 3 $ t3
$ tˆ3 $ t3
Mary$ i$ Maryi
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Curiosities
Left quotes and scare quotes must use the ` key, instead ofthe apostrophe (’) key. Right quotes you can use normally.
‘‘Cogito ergo sum""Cogito ergo sum"
”Cogito” versus “Cogito”
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Table of contents
Foot- and endnotes
Cross-referencing
Lists
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Some easy things
\tableofcontents place where you want, typeset twice!
\footnote{Read the footnotes first, because that’s wherethe bodies are buried.}\endnote{Endnotes will occasionally take up more of ahistory monograph than the text itself. . . . }As usual, LATEX will order all these for you.
Watch out! Footnotes don’t work in some environments(tables, examples) without a workaround.
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Some easy things
\tableofcontents place where you want, typeset twice!
\footnote{Read the footnotes first, because that’s wherethe bodies are buried.}\endnote{Endnotes will occasionally take up more of ahistory monograph than the text itself. . . . }As usual, LATEX will order all these for you.
Watch out! Footnotes don’t work in some environments(tables, examples) without a workaround.
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Some easy things
\tableofcontents place where you want, typeset twice!
\footnote{Read the footnotes first, because that’s wherethe bodies are buried.}\endnote{Endnotes will occasionally take up more of ahistory monograph than the text itself. . . . }As usual, LATEX will order all these for you.
Watch out! Footnotes don’t work in some environments(tables, examples) without a workaround.
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Some easy things
\tableofcontents place where you want, typeset twice!
\footnote{Read the footnotes first, because that’s wherethe bodies are buried.}\endnote{Endnotes will occasionally take up more of ahistory monograph than the text itself. . . . }As usual, LATEX will order all these for you.
Watch out! Footnotes don’t work in some environments(tables, examples) without a workaround.
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Some easy things
\tableofcontents place where you want, typeset twice!
\footnote{Read the footnotes first, because that’s wherethe bodies are buried.}\endnote{Endnotes will occasionally take up more of ahistory monograph than the text itself. . . . }As usual, LATEX will order all these for you.
Watch out! Footnotes don’t work in some environments(tables, examples) without a workaround.
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Making a list
Set up a listing environment (we’ll see them)
Use \item for each item in the list.
\begin{itemize}\item First on the list\item Last on the list\end{itemize}
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Making a list
Set up a listing environment (we’ll see them)
Use \item for each item in the list.
\begin{itemize}\item First on the list\item Last on the list\end{itemize}
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Checking it twice
itemize Unordered list
enumerate Ordered list
description List with descriptions
\begin{itemize}\item First on the list\item Last on the list\end{itemize}
First on the list
Last on the list
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Checking it twice
itemize Unordered list
enumerate Ordered list
description List with descriptions
\begin{enumerate}\item First on the list\item Last on the list\end{enumerate}
1 First on the list
2 Last on the list
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Checking it twice
itemize Unordered list
enumerate Ordered list
description List with descriptions
\begin{description}\item[premiere]{First on the list}\item[derniere]{Last on the list}\end{itemize}
premiere First on the list
derniere Last on the list
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Examples
Glosses
IPA
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One-line examples
Call the gb4e package in the preamble: \usepackage{gb4e}In the document, call an example using the exe environment.\begin{exe}Each example begins with the \ex declaration\ex Colorless green ideas sleep furiously\ex Quadruplicity drinks procrastination
End the examples by closing the environment\end{exe}
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Judgments
Put the judgment marker at the start of the example\ex *Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
Use \ex as a command with arguments\ex[judgment]{example}
\ex[*]{Colorless sleep furiously ideas green}
(1) a. * Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
b. ? Green ideas furiously sleep colorless
(2) a. *Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
b. ?Green ideas furiously sleep colorless
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Judgments
Put the judgment marker at the start of the example\ex *Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
Use \ex as a command with arguments\ex[judgment]{example}
\ex[*]{Colorless sleep furiously ideas green}
(1) a. * Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
b. ? Green ideas furiously sleep colorless
(2) a. *Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
b. ?Green ideas furiously sleep colorless
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Judgments
Put the judgment marker at the start of the example\ex *Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
Use \ex as a command with arguments\ex[judgment]{example}
\ex[*]{Colorless sleep furiously ideas green}
(1) a. * Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
b. ? Green ideas furiously sleep colorless
(2) a. *Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
b. ?Green ideas furiously sleep colorless
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Judgments
Put the judgment marker at the start of the example\ex *Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
Use \ex as a command with arguments\ex[judgment]{example}
\ex[*]{Colorless sleep furiously ideas green}
(1) a. * Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
b. ? Green ideas furiously sleep colorless
(2) a. *Colorless sleep furiously ideas green
b. ?Green ideas furiously sleep colorless
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Subexamples
Use the xlist environment to create sub-lists within examples.
\begin{exe}\ex The dog ate my homework.\begin{xlist}\ex Le chien a mang\’e ma copie.\ex[ ]{Le chien a mang\’e ma copie.}\ex[??]{Le chien mangea ma copie.}\end{xlist}
\end{exe}
(3) The dog ate my homework
a. Le chien a mange ma copie.
b. Le chien a mange ma copie.
c. ?? Le chien mangea ma copie.
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More about examples
Cross-reference examples by using \label{label name} on the\ex, and \ref{(label name)} in the text (note theparentheses).
Use \exr{label} to use the example itself to have the numberof another example.
Use \exi{text} to customize the example number.
To reset the numbering (after a chapter, for instance), use thecommand \setcounter{exx}{1}.An xlist environment must be prefaced by an \ex declaration,which may or may not have its own content.
An xlist environment must also contain an \ex declaration forany examples inside it.
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Interlinear Glosses
In the exe environment. . .
\ex\gll target language (data) \\metalanguage (morpheme-by-morpheme) \\
\glt object language (translation)
(4) lathe.fem
comidafood
quethat
come-ba-moseat-impf-1.pl
‘the food we were eating’
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Four-line glosses
Use the \glll declaration instead of the \gll one. Be sure to endthe first line with a linebreak (\\)
(5) lalathe.fem
nourriturenuöityöfood
qu’onkothat-one
mangeaitmAZ-Eeat-impf-3.sg
‘the food we were eating’
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Writing phonetically
Use the tipa package, by putting in the preamble\usepackage{tipa}
Three ways to call IPA:
the IPA environment
\begin{IPA}[ 2nb@liv@b\s{l}]\end{IPA}
the \tipaencoding declaration (will work until delimited)
{ \tipaencoding [ 2nb@liv@b\s{l}] }
the \textipa command (best for in-line use)
\textipa{[ 2nb@liv@b\s{l}] }
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One trick
To make each word in the first line use IPA:
\renewcommand{\eachwordone}{\tipaencoding}
\renewcommand{\eachwordone}{\tipaencoding}\ex\label{verlaine}\gll Z\o m suvj\∼E de Zu\;R z\∼Asj\∼E e Z\o pl\oe\;R \\I myself remember.pres.1sg of.the day.pl old.pl and I cry.pres.1sg\glt ‘I remember the old days, and I cry.’
(6) ZøI
mmyself
suvjEremember.pres.1sg
deof.the
Zuöday.pl
zAsjEold.pl
eand
ZøI
plϚcry.pres.1sg
‘I reminisce of the old days, and I cry.’
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One trick
To make each word in the first line use IPA:
\renewcommand{\eachwordone}{\tipaencoding}
\renewcommand{\eachwordone}{\tipaencoding}\ex\label{verlaine}\gll Z\o m suvj\∼E de Zu\;R z\∼Asj\∼E e Z\o pl\oe\;R \\I myself remember.pres.1sg of.the day.pl old.pl and I cry.pres.1sg\glt ‘I remember the old days, and I cry.’
(6) ZøI
mmyself
suvjEremember.pres.1sg
deof.the
Zuöday.pl
zAsjEold.pl
eand
ZøI
plϚcry.pres.1sg
‘I reminisce of the old days, and I cry.’
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One trick
To make each word in the first line use IPA:
\renewcommand{\eachwordone}{\tipaencoding}
\renewcommand{\eachwordone}{\tipaencoding}\ex\label{verlaine}\gll Z\o m suvj\∼E de Zu\;R z\∼Asj\∼E e Z\o pl\oe\;R \\I myself remember.pres.1sg of.the day.pl old.pl and I cry.pres.1sg\glt ‘I remember the old days, and I cry.’
(6) ZøI
mmyself
suvjEremember.pres.1sg
deof.the
Zuöday.pl
zAsjEold.pl
eand
ZøI
plϚcry.pres.1sg
‘I reminisce of the old days, and I cry.’
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One trick, cont.’d
\ex\label{verlaine}\gll Z\o m suvj\∼E de Zu\;R z\∼Asj\∼E e Z\o pl\oe\;R \\I myself remember.pres.1sg of.the day.pl old.pl and I cry.pres.1sg\glt ‘I remember the old days, and I cry.’
(6) ZøI
mmyself
suvjEremember.pres.1sg
deof.the
ZuRday.pl
zAsjEold.pl
eand
ZøI
plœRcry.pres.1sg
‘I remember the old days, and I cry.’
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One trick, cont.’d
\ex\label{verlaine}\gll Z\o m suvj\∼E de Zu\;R z\∼Asj\∼E e Z\o pl\oe\;R \\I myself remember.pres.1sg of.the day.pl old.pl and I cry.pres.1sg\glt ‘I remember the old days, and I cry.’
(6) ZøI
mmyself
suvjEremember.pres.1sg
deof.the
ZuRday.pl
zAsjEold.pl
eand
ZøI
plœRcry.pres.1sg
‘I remember the old days, and I cry.’
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Today we learned how to. . .
write a LATEX document
use commands to instruct LATEX
structure a document
set up a TOC and cross-referencing
build lists
typeset examples
write glosses
write phonetically
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If you’re making a handout...
landscape layout: \documentclass[landscape]{article}two-column layout: \documentclass[twocolumn]{article}([landscape,twocolumn])
use more of the page: \usepackage{fullpage}skips between paragraphs: \usepackage[parfill]{parskip}giving thanks: \thanks{blah blah blah}Must be inside the title command!
basic font selection: \usepackage{times}place above \usepackage{tipa}(palatino, kpfonts, charter, bookman)
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Trees
Tableaux
Bibliographies
Tables
Fonts
Customization
Layouts