fish resource management
DESCRIPTION
Fish Resource Management. About 80% of fish harvested come from oceans. Why is this obvious?. Most of the world’s water is ocean , therefore it would be expected that fresh water would only contain a small portion of the world’s fish. There are 4 major fishing regions: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fish Resource Management
![Page 2: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• About 80% of fish harvested come from oceans.• Why is this obvious?
Most of the world’s water is ocean, therefore it would be expected that fresh water would only contain a small portion of the world’s fish.
![Page 3: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
There are 4 major fishing regions: – North east Atlantic
(England/Norway); – South east Pacific
(Western South America)
– North west Pacific (Japan)
– West central Pacific (China/Indonesia)
![Page 4: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Most fishing grounds are found on continental shelves for 2 reasons:
1. The shallow waters of the shelves make harvesting more cost effective.
~ The fish have to be landed on shore for human use so the regions closer to shore are fished most profitably.
![Page 5: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2. The shallow waters of the shelf promote plankton production which serve as the base of the marine food web.
– Shallow water ensures:
• enough light for phytoplankton • effective circulation of nutrients.
![Page 6: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Trends in Fish Catches Usually when one
fish species declines, fishers increase harvesting of another species.
According to the
graph does this seem to be true for NL?
Ex: Decrease in cod caused an increase in harvesting shell fish (crab and shrimp).
![Page 7: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fisheries Management
• There are a number of issues related to the fishery that require management.
• Pollution and conservation of fish stocks top the list.
![Page 8: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Major Sources of Ocean Pollution Oil• Oceans suffer from many devastating spills. • Hundreds of millions of gallons of oil quietly end up in
the seas every year, mostly from non-accidental sources. (graph - millions of gallons per year)
![Page 9: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Major Sources of Ocean PollutionToxic Material
• Industrial, agricultural, household cleaning, gardening, and automotive products regularly end up in water.
• EX: TBT, or tributyl tin, is added to boat paints to kill or repel barnacles that soil ships' hulls.
![Page 11: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Major Sources of Ocean PollutionDangerous Debris
• Animals drown or strangle from getting tangled in discarded or lost fishing gear, or diefrom eating plasticsand other garbage.
![Page 12: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Major Sources of Ocean PollutionDeposits & Withdrawals• Humans have used oceans as vast dumps for
domestic, municipal, and industrial garbage for thousands of years.
• Deep-sea resources will attract more miners in the future, as easy-to-reach deposits on land are depleted – leading to more pollution.
![Page 14: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Impact of New Technology on the Ocean Environment (Pg. 206)
Factory freezer Trawlers - have likely had the most significant and negative impact.
Read the case study and explain why this is so.
![Page 17: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The reasons for this include:
1. Highly efficient at catching fish, but greatly reduces the population & reproduction.
2. Technology such as large diesel engines, echo sounding equipment, onboard freezers, and GPS navigation contribute to their efficiency.
3. Destruction of the ocean floor by trawls/draggers eliminates good spawning locations for fish. Also, it disperses eggs, making fertilization more difficult.
![Page 18: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
4. By-catch is often discarded. Some regulations require ships to return with low levels of by-catch.
5. Go further, stay longer & catch more….pressure on the stock.
144 m long
Process 350 t a day
Store 7000 t
![Page 19: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sustainable Fishery
Definition:Using a resource (fish) in a way that will ensure it:– will not become extinct, – will be protected and increase,– for the benefit of future generations.
![Page 20: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Strategies for a Sustainable Fishery
• Decrease quotas – catch less fish.• Increase penalties – for those who overfish.• Use less technology (smaller boats and nets) – catch at
lower rate. • Extend control over continental shelves – less fishers and
easier to enforce.• Ban otter trawls – use less destructive methods.• Increase aquaculture – less demand on ocean fishery.• Increase scientific funding – to get an accurate estimate of
fish stocks.• Other strategies?
![Page 21: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Aquaculture• It is also known as fish farming and involves the raising of
marine life in a controlled environment.
• This activity breeds and raises fish in tanks, ponds, and reservoirs.
![Page 22: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Since the fish are fed regularly and are safe from natural predators, they mature rapidly and successfully.
• Takes the pressure off the ocean fishery – time for the wild stocks to increase.
• Provides work for those displaced from the fishery by moratorium.
• Lets people stay home and work – don’t have to move away.• Income more dependable than ocean fishing.• Safer than the ocean fishery – no storms or accidents.• Can choose when to market product – get a better price.• Other Reasons???
Why is aquaculture a good thing?
![Page 23: Fish Resource Management](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070500/568168e5550346895ddfe35d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fish Resource & Fishers’ Livelihood The declining fish resources may have a variety of affects on
fishers. Some of those include:
• Fishers may concentrate more on conservation. • Fishers will have to diversify by developing aquaculture or
catching underutilized species.• Some will have to get out of the fishery.• Some will move out of the province.• Other Affects???