fiwe;j top - energy.gov.lktamil).pdf · 2 fiwe;j kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpw;fhd top mnyhrfh;fs; fo...

Fiwe;j

kpd;rhuf;

fl;lzj;jpw;fhd

top

Fiwe;j kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpw;fhf ehk; ,Uspy; ,Uf;f

Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fisg; ghtpg;gjpypUe;J jtph;e;Jf;nfhs;s

Ntz;ba mtrpaKkpy;iy.

mjw;F ehk; nra;a Ntz;baJ vd;dntd;why;

Njitapd; mbg;gilapy; tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;jjhf

kpd;rhuj;ijg; ghtpg;gjhFk;.

mJ gw;wp ehk; mwpe;Jnfhs;SNthk;.

2 Fiwe;j kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpw;fhd top

MNyhrfh;fs; FO

fyhepjp J]pj;j Rfjghy gzpg;ghsh; ehafk; - ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY mjpfhu rig

jpU `h;] tpf;ukrpq;f gpujpg; gzpg;ghsh; ehafk; - ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY mjpfhu rig

jpU vk;.vk;.Mh;. gj;krpwp gpujpg; gzpg;ghsh; ehafk; (,af;fr;nraw;ghLfs;) - ,yq;if epiyngWjF

tY mjpfhu rig

jpU mj;Jy [aJq;f gzpg;ghsh;> rj;jp Kfhikj;Jtk; - ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY mjpfhu

rig

jpU khjt itj;jpauj;d gzpg;ghsh;> mwpT Kfhikj;Jtk; - ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY mjpfhu

rig

jpU rkpy [aNrf;fu gzpg;ghsh;> nghUshjhu tptfhuq;fs; - ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY

mjpfhu rig

jpU tpky; ejPu gzpg;ghsh;> kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jF rf;jp - ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY

mjpfhu rig

jahhpg;ghsh;

jpU rkpe;j ypadNf rpNu~;l epiwNtw;Weh; - ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY mjpfhu rig

fzdp cjtp

jpUkjp rpe;jpf;fh gphpaq;fdp Kfhikj;Jtj cjtpahsh; - ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY mjpfhu rig

rpj;jpuKk; gf;fq;fs; jahhpg;Gk;

r]q;f j]ehaf;f (The Graphic Mill)

3,yq;if epiyngWjF tY mjpfhu rig

tPl;Lf;F Fspikiag; ngWtjw;F ehk;

fl;lzk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lkh?

mNefkhd kf;fs; tho;ehs; KOtjw;Fk; xU tPl;il khj;jpuk;

eph;khzpj;Jf; nfhs;StJ tof;fk;. mt;thW tPLfis eph;khzpj;Jf;

nfhs;Stjw;fhd Nehf;fk; nrsfhpkhf tho Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ. Mifahy;

tPl;Lf;F FSik mtrpak; vd;gij Gjpjhff; $w Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy.

me;jf; FSikia ,aw;ifapy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ue;jhy; mJ

vg;nghOJk; cz;ikahd FSikahf ,Uf;f khl;lhjh?


fl;Lkhz epGzh;fSld; fijg;Nghk;:

ePq;fs; xU tPl;il eph;khzpf;f tpUk;gpdhy; Kjypy; cq;fSila

fl;Lkhz epGzh;fSld; tPl;bw;fhd kpd;rf;jpg; ghJfhg;G Kiw gw;wpf;

fye;JiuahLq;fs;. mg;NghJ tPl;by; trpf;fpd;w fhynky;yhk; kpd;rhuf;

fl;lzk; cq;fSf;F xU Rikahf ,Uf;fhJ.

tlf;Ff;Fk; njw;Ff;Fkhf mjpf fjTfisAk; [d;dy;fisAk; nghUj;JNthk;

fpof;Fj; jpirapy; [d;dy;fis itj;jhy; tPl;bw;Fs; Neubahf

#hpanthsp fhiy Neuq;fspy; tpOe;J tPl;bDs; ntg;gk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

mNj Nghd;W Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; [d;dy;fis itj;jhy; khiy Neuq;fspy;

mt;thW #hpanthsp tpOe;J ntg;gk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. mNj Nghd;W fhiy

Neuq;fspy; fpof;Fj; jpirapYk; khiy Neuq;fspy; Nkw;Fj; jpirapYk;

khj;jpuk; #hpanthsp gLk;. vdNt gfypy; mjpf Neuk; tPl;bw;F Mff;$ba

xspiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Stjw;Fk;> Mff;$ba Fspiuj; jf;fitj;Jf;

nfhs;Stjw;Fk; tPl;bd; tlf;F kw;Wk; njw;Fj; jpirfspy; mjpfk;

mjpfkhd [d;dy;fisAk; fjTfisAk; nghUj;Jq;fs;.

[d;dy;fSf;F mUfpy; kuk;> nrbnfhbfis tsh;g;Nghk;:

tPl;bdJ [d;dy;fSf;F mUfpy; mjpf kuk; nrbnfhbfis tsh;j;J

mtw;iw chpa Kiwapy; guhkhpj;jhy; tPl;bw;F tUk; ntg;gj;ijj; jzpj;J

Fspiuj; jUk;. KO tPl;bw;Fk; epoy; gLk; tpjj;jpy; jhtuq;fis tsh;j;jhy;

tPl;bdJ ntg;gj;ij 20 ghifapdhy; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

[d;dy;fSf;F Y}th;fis ,Ljy;:

tPl;by; trpf;fpd;w egh;fspd; clypy; ,Ue;J ntg;gk; ntspahFtjhy;

tPl;bd; cs;ntg;gepiy mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ ,t;thW ntspahFk; ntg;gj;jpd;

msT Fiwe;J me;j ntg;gk; NkYk; mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yk;. me;j Neuk;

fPohy; ntg;gj;jpd; msT mjpfhpj;J me;j ntg;gk; cs;Ns tuNtz;Lk;.

mjdhy; [d;dYf;F Yth;fis my;yJ tspj; Jthuq;fis ,Ltjhy;

Fspuhd ntg;gj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbahJ. vdNt [d;dypd;

Nkw;gFjpapy; my;yJ NkypUe;J fPo; tiu Yth;fis ,LtJ mtrpakhFk;.


tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j xspA+l;Lk; Kiw

kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpw;fhd xU Jiz

tPl;by; 30% - 40% tPjk; tiuahd kpd;rhuk; xspA+l;lYf;fhf

Efug;gLfpd;wJ. mjidf; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lkhdhy;>

Kjypy; tPl;bw;F xspA+l;Lk; NghJ ,aw;if xspia gfypy; mjpf

Neuq;fspy; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; gofpf;nfhs;StJ mtrpak;.

tPl;bd; Rth;fSf;F ,sk; epwq;fisg; G+RNthk;:

- tPl;bd; cl;Rth;fSf;F ,sk; epwq;fisg; G+rpdhy; Fiwe;j kpd;rhu

Nthy;l;by; mjpf xspiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

- fjTfSf;Fk; [d;dy;fSf;Fk; jpiur;rPiyfisj; Njh;e;njLf;Fk; NghJ

,sk; epwj; jpiur;rPiyfisj; Njh;e;njLq;fs;.

- $iuapd; fPo; kr;Rf;F ntz;zpwj;ijg; G+Rtjhy; ey;y xspiaAk;

gfy; Neu ,aw;if xspiaAk; tPl;bw;Fg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Stjw;F

cjTk;. thdpR G+rg;gl;l kuj;jhyhd $iu kr;Rfs; Kjypad tPl;bw;F

xsp tUtij fLikahfj; jLf;Fk;.

kpd;tpsf;Ffspd; ghtid:

vg;nghOJk; rhjhuz kpd;tpsf;FfSf;Fg; gjpyhf rpvg;vy; (CFL) kpd;Fkpo;> g;su~d;l; kpd;Fkpo; my;yJ hpA+g; gy;g; (Fluorescent Light) my;yJ vy;<B (LED) Nghd;w kpd;Fkpo;fis thq;fpg; ghtpAq;fs;. ,jdhy; cq;fsJ tPl;by; xspj; Njitf;F Efug;gLk; kpd;rhu myFfspy;

Vwf;Fiwa 80% tPj msit Nrkpj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

kpd;Fkpo; tif

nthl; msT

khjhe;j kpd;rhu myF

vz;zpf;if

vhpAk; kzpj;jpahyq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if

ghtid fhy kzpj;jpahyq;fs;

rhjhuz kpd;Fkpo;

100 12 4 2000

rpvg;vy; 20 2¡4 4 6000

vy;<B 13 1¡6 4 40000

ftdpf;f Ntz;baJ:

rhjhuz kpd;Fkpiog; ghh;f;fpYk; bA+g; gy;g;fspd; %yk; Ie;J klq;F

kpd;rhuj;ijr; Nrkpj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.

tpiy cah;thf ,Ue;jhYk; xU rpvg;vy; kpd;Fkpiog; ghh;f;fpYk; VO

klq;F ghtid fhyk; vy;<B kpd;Fkpo;fspy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.


rpvg;vy; kpd;Fkpo;fis thq;Fk; NghJ:

rpvg;vy; kpd;Fkpo;fspd; tpidj;jpwdpd; mbg;gilapy; epakq;fs;

epWtfKk; ,yq;if epiyngWjF tY mjpfhu rigAk; ,ize;J

xU rf;jp tpidj;jpwd; Kj;jpiuia mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;sd. me;jr;

rf;jp Kj;jpiuapy; 05 el;rj;jpuf; FwpaPLfs; tiu nghwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

el;rj;jpuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f tpidj;jpwDk;

mjpfhpf;Fk;. Mifahy; rpvg;vy; kpd;Fkpo;fis thq;Fk; NghJ Nkw;Fwpj;j

rf;jp Kj;jpiu milahsq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wdth vdg; ghprPypj;Jg;

ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,e;jr; rf;jp Kj;jpiufs; Fwpf;fg;glhj rpvg;vy;

kpd;Fkpo;fis njhifahf itj;jpUg;gJk; tpw;gid nra;tJk;

jz;lidf;Fhpa xU Fw;wkhFk;.

hpA+g; gy;g;fis thq;Fk; NghJ:

hpA+g; gy;g;fis thq;Fk; NghJ me;j hpA+g; nky;ypajhf ,Uf;Fk;

msTf;F mjd; tpidj;jpwDk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gij

kwe;JtplhjPh;fs;. 4 mb ePskhd xU hpA+g; gy;g;Gf;F 40 nthl; kpd;rhuk;

Efug;gLk;. ,jdhy; 100 nthl; kpd;rhu xsp fpilj;jhYk; me;j hpA+g;

nky;ypajhf ,Uf;Fk; msTf;F Efug;gLk; kpd;rhuj;jpd; msT 40 nthl;

Kjy; 28 nthl; tiu FiwAk;. vdpDk; fpilf;Fk; xsp rkdhdJ. ,d;W

re;ijapy; gy Rw;wsTila hpA+g; gy;g;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. xNu msthd

xspia toq;Fk; gy tifahd hpA+g; gy;g;Gfspy; kpd;rhuj;jpd; nfhs;jpwd;

fPo;fhZk; ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;lthW mike;J fhzg;gLk;.

Rw;wsT mq;Fyk; Efug;gLk; nthl;fspd; vz;zpf;if

tif

1.25 mq;Fyk; fdkhd hpA+g; 40 W T10

1 mq;Fyk; nky;ypa hpA+g; 36 W T8

5Æ8 mq;Fy kpfTk; nky;ypa hpA+g; 26 W T5

,jw;F mika T5 nky;ypa hpA+g;Gf;F mz;zsthf 26 nthl; kpd;rhuk;

khj;jpuk; Efug;gLk;. Mifahy; ,e;j T5 hpA+g; gy;g;ig thq;fpdhy; mjpf

tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j xspiag; ngw toptFf;Fk;.


rkgLj;jp (Ballast)

hpA+g; gy;g;GfSf;F ,uz;L tifahd rkgLj;jpfs; cgNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

rkgLj;jp tif Efug;gLk; kpd;rhu nthl;fspd; vz;zpf;if

fhe;j 12-20 W

,yj;jpudpay; 1-4 W

,jw;F mika hpA+g; gy;g;GfSf;F ,yj;jpudpay; rkgLj;jpfisg;

ghtpj;jhy; kpfTk; tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j tpjj;jpy; xspiag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.

fw;gjw;F xsp:

,uT Neuq;fspy; miwfspy; ,Ue;J

thrpg;gjw;Fk; fw;gjw;Fk; Vwf;Fiwa 250-300

tiuahd Y}kd;]; msthd xsp Njit. ePq;fs;

fw;fpd;w miwapYs;s $iu kpd;Fkpopd; %yk;

xspiag; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;why; mjpf nthl;

msthd kpd;Fkpo;fs; Njitg;gLk;.

MapDk; Nkir kpd;tpsf;ifg; ghtpj;jhy;

me;j Nkirf;F khj;jpuk; Njitahd Fiwe;j

nthl; xspiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jw;F

5 nthl; msthd lTd; iyl; (Down Light LED) vy;<B kpd;Fkpo; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. ,e;j

kpd;Fkpo; tif ,d;W re;ijapy; mjpfsT fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wd.

miwfspy; EfUk; kpd;rhuk;:

xU tPl;by; vt;tsTjhd; miwfs; ,Ue;jhYk; kpd;Fkpo; vhpa Ntz;ba

xU miw ,Uf;Fk;. me;j miwf;F vy;<B my;yJ rpvg;vy; kpd;Fkpo;fisg;

ghtpAq;fs;.

miwapy; ,Ue;J ntspNa nry;Yk; NghJ mq;fpUf;fpd;w kpd;Fkpo;fs;>

kpd;tprpwfs; kw;Wk; Fsp&l;b ,ae;jpuq;fs; vd;gtw;iw mizj;J tpl;Lr;

nry;Yq;fs;.


kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpy; miuthrp

Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bfSf;F

xU Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b cq;fspd; tPl;bw;F mtrpakh? vd xU

fzk; rpe;jpAq;fs;. Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bfisg; ghtpg;gjhy; tPl;L kpd;rhuf;

fl;lzk; ,uz;L klq;fhf mjpfhpf;Fk;. mt;thW nrythFk; gzj;jpw;F

Vw;w tifapy; me;jf; Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bfspypUe;J cq;fSf;F gad;

fpilf;fpd;wjh?

ehq;fs; elj;jpa kjpg;gha;Tf;F ,zq;f ,yq;ifapy; mjpfkhd

tPLfspYs;s Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bfspy; jz;zPh; Nghj;jy;> Fsph;ghdg;

Nghj;jy;> fPiuf;fl;L Nghd;w mj;jpahtrpakpy;yhj rpy nghUl;fs;

khj;jpuNk ,Ue;jik mtjhdpf;fl;lJ. ,jdhy; kf;fs; ,jw;fhf Ntz;b

500.00 - 750.00 &ghTf;F ,ilg;gl;l xU njhifg; gzj;ij khjhe;jk;

kpd;rhuj;jpw;fhfr; nrytpLfpd;whh;fs;. ,t;thW kpd;rhuj;ijAk; gzj;ijAk;

nrytpLtijj; jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.


xU Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bia thq;Fk; NghJ:

xU Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bia thq;Fk; NghJ mjd; Njit gw;wp

fUj;jpw;nfhz;L mjw;F mika Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; msitj;

jPh;khdpAq;fs;.

Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; msT

Efug;gLk; kpd;rhu nthl;fspd; vz;zpf;if

khjhe;j kpd;rhu myFfspd; vz;zpf;if

jdpf; fjTila Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b

70-100 38-54

,uz;L fjTfSila Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b

125-140 67-75

%d;W fjTfSila Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b

140-180 75-97

tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j xU Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b ehs; xd;Wf;F ,aq;Fk; kzpj;jpahyq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 18 kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;Ff; FiwT

vd;gjhy; me;jf; fhyj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; Nkw;Fwpj;j fzpg;gPL

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ePq;fs; Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bia thq;Fk; NghJ Njitf;Nfw;g msTila

xU Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bia thq;Fq;fs;. NkYk; jhdhf I]; fiue;J

nry;Yk; Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b mjpfsthd kpd;rhuj;ij EfUk; vd;gijAk;>

,d;ntd;lh; nghUj;jg;gl;l Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b xU rhjhuz Fsph;rhjdg;

ngl;bia tplTk; Vwf;Fiw 45� Fiwthd kpd;rhuj;ij EfUk; vd;gijAk;

kdjpy; itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

#oypYs;s ntg;gk; Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; tpidj;jpwidf; Fd;wr; nra;Ak;:

- Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bia itf;Fk; NghJ RtUf;Fk; Fsph;rhjdg;

ngl;bf;Fk; ,ilapy; 10 mq;Fyk; my;yJ mjw;F mjpfkhd

,ilntspapy; itAq;fs;.

- Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bf;F mUfpy; #lhf;Fk; cgfzq;fis my;yJ

rikf;Fk; cgfuzq;fisg; ghtpg;gjpypUe;J jtph;e;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;.

- #hpanthsp Neubahfg; glhj ,lj;jpy; Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bia

itAq;fs;.

- #lhd czTg; nghUl;fis Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapy; ,Ltjw;F Kd;dh;

me;jg; nghUl;fspd; ntg;gj;ijj; jzpj;J itAq;fs;.


Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; tpidj;jpwDf;F:

- czTfisg; nghjpapl;L itf;Fk; NghJ me;je;jg; nghUl;fSf;Fhpa

,lj;jpy; itg;gJ mtrpak;.

- <ukhd czTfis Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapy; itf;Fk; NghJ mtw;iw

nghypj;jPd; ciwfspy; ,l;L Rw;wp itj;jhy; mjpf tpidj;jpwidg;

ngwyhk;.

- czTfis xd;Wlndhd;W neUq;fhky; mtw;iw jdpj;jdpahfg;

gphpj;J Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; mbg;gFjpapy; ,Lk; NghJ I]; fiue;J

Fsph; ntspahFk; NghJ ntg;gk; cwpQ;rg;gLtjhy; Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b

EfUk; kpd;rhuj;ijf; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

Fiwe;j kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpw;fhd top

- Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapYs;s nghUl;fspd; xU gl;baiy mjd; fjtpy;

xl;bitj;jhy; my;yJ epidtpy; itj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; fjitj;

jpwe;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L nghUl;fisj; NjLtjpy; fopAk; fhyj;ijf;

Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jdhy; tPzhFk; kpd;rhuj;ijf;

Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

- Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; fjTfis jpwe;J %Lk; jlitfisf; Fiwj;J

EfUk; kpd;rhuj;ijf; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

- Fspuhf;Ftjw;F nghUl;fs; ,y;yhj Neuj;jpy; Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd;

,af;fj;ijj; Jz;bj;J itg;gjd; %yKk; kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;ijf;

Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

guhkhpg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;:

- Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; tpidj;jpwDf;F mjid ey;y Kiwapy;

guhkhpg;gJ mtrpak;.

- Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapYs;s ,wg;gh; gPbk; gOjile;J my;yJ jbg;gkhf

,Ue;jhy; Gjpa xU gPbikg; nghUj;Jq;fs;.

- Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; Nky; gf;fj;jpYs;s ,wg;gh; gPbkpDs; fopTfs;

my;yJ rPdp Nghd;w nghUl;fs; tpOe;jpUe;jhy; me;j gPbik Rj;jk;

nra;Aq;fs;.

- Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;bapd; gpw;Gwj;jpYs;s ePh; xd;WNrUk; ghj;jpuj;jpy;

gbAk; ePiu xU thuj;jpw;nfhU jlit ePf;fp tpl;L me;jg; ghj;jpuj;ij

ed;whff; fOTq;fs;. ,t;thW fOTtjhy; ,d;W nlq;F Esk;Gfs;

guTk; Mgj;ijAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;.


Fsp&l;b ghh;f;Fk; NghJ nrsfhpfk;

- Mdhy; kdJf;Fg; ngUk; ghuk;

Fsp&l;b vd;gJ tPl;by; mjpf kpd;rhuj;ij EfUfpd;w xU rhjdk;. xU

miwf;Fg; nghUj;jg;gLk; xU rpW Fsp&l;b rhjhuzkhf 1000-3000 tiu

kpd;rhuj;ij EfUk;.

,J khjphpahd xU Fsp&l;bia ,uT Neuj;jpy; Vwf;Fiwa 8

kzpj;jpahyq;fs; ghtpj;jhy; tPl;L kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpw;F 240-310 msthd

kpd;rhu myFfs; NrUk;.


KbAkhd vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; tPl;bw;F Fspiu ,aw;ifahdg;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Stjw;Fk;> kpd;tprpapd; %yk; Njitahd Fspiug;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;Stjw;Fk; Kaw;rpj;jhy; jdpg;gl;l hPjpapy; kl;Lkd;wp ehl;bd;

KOg; nghUshjhuj;jpw;Fk; nghpJk; Jizahf mikAk;.

Fsp&l;bapd; tpidj;jpwDf;F:

- Fsp&l;biag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ 26 ghif ntg;gepiyiag;

NgZq;fs;. xU gFjp Fiwe;jhy; kpd;rhug; ghtidapy; 4�

mjpfhpf;Fk;.

- #hpanthsp tPl;L miwapDs; Neubahf tpOtijj; jtph;g;gjw;F

tPl;ilr; Rw;wp kuk; nrbnfhbfis tsh;j;Jg; guhkhpAq;fs;.

- Fsp&l;bapUf;fpd;w ,lj;jpDs; fjTfisAk; ad;dy;fisAk;

ed;whf %b Fsp&l;bapypUe;J Fsph; ntspNa nry;tijj;

jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

- Fsp&l;bapypUe;J tUk; FspNuhl;lj;jpw;F jilahf mikAk; tifapy;

nghUl;fis itg;gjpypUe;Jk; ntg;gj;ij ntspapLk; cgfuzq;fis

Fsp&l;Lk; gFjpfspy; ghtpg;gjpypUe;Jk; jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

- ntg;gk; ntspahFk; jpwe;j gFjpfs; jilg;glhky; ey;y Kiwapy;

itj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.


kpd;tprpwpfisg; gw;wp

mwpe;Jnfhs;Nthk;

re;ijapy; gy tifahd kpd;tprpwpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. me;j kpd;tprpwpfs;

EfUk; kpd;rhu myFfs; gw;wpa fzpg;gPl;L tpguq;fs; fPo;fhZk;

ml;ltizapy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

nthl;fs; fzpg;gPL (W)

kpd;tprpwp tif nthl; vz;zpf;if

(W)

ehnshd;Wf;F 4 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; vd;w tPjj;jpy; ghtpf;Fk; NghJ khjj;jpw;F EfUk; kpd;rhu myFfspd; vz;zpf;if (kWh)

,uT epj;jpiu nra;Ak; Neuj;jpy; 8 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; ghtpf;Fk; NghJ

ehnshd;Wf;F EfUk; kpd;rhu myFfspd; vz;zpf;if (kWh)

$iu kpd;tprpwp 75-80 9-9¡6 0¡4-0¡64

Nkir kpd;tprpwp 35-50 4¡2-6 0¡28-0¡4

epkph;j;jpitf;Fk; kpd;tprpwp

35-50 4¡2-6 0¡28-0¡4

Rth; kpd;tprpwp 35-50 4¡2-6 0¡28-0¡4

Nkw;Fwpj;j kpd;tprpwp tiffSf;Nfw;g $iu

kpd;tprpwp Vida kpd;tprpwpfs; EfUk; kpd;rhuj;jpd;

msitg; ghh;f;fpYk; ,uz;L klq;F kpd;rhuj;ij

EfUk;. Mifahy; KbAkhd rfy Neuq;fspYk;

Fiwe;j kpd;rhuj;ij EfUk; kpd;tprpwpfisg;

ghtpAq;fs;.

,e;j tplaq;fs; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpAq;fs;:

- xU tPl;bw;F Gjpjhf kpd;rhuf; fk;gpapizg;Gfis epWTk; NghJ miw

Nghd;w xU FWfpa gug;gsthd ,lq;fSf;F Rth; kpd;tprpwpfisg;

nghUj;Jtjw;F Kaw;rpAq;fs;.

- ve;j xU kpd;tprpwpiaAk; thq;Fk; NghJ mjd; fhw;W Ntfj;ijAk;

mjpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; nthl; vz;zpf;ifiaAk; ftdpAq;fs;.

- bkh; khjphp fl;Lg;ghl;L cgfuz kpd;tprpwp kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ. ,J

tpidj;jpwdpy; rpwe;jJ.


kdk; Fspu Milfis mOj;Jq;fs;

tPl;bw;F kpd;rhuk; fpilj;jTld; Fg;gp tpsf;F mize;J tPl;by; kpd;Fkpo;

vhpe;jJ. mNj Nghy; rpul;ilf;fhp MilaOj;jpg; ghtidaw;W ,d;W kpd;-

MilaOj;jp ,y;yhj tPL vJTkpy;iy.

tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j xU kpd;-MilaOj;jpiaj; Njh;e;njLg;Nghk;:

,d;W re;ijapy; %d;W tifahd kpd;-MilaOj;jpfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

1. rhjhuz kpd;-MilaOj;jp - 750 W - 1000 W2. ePh; njspj;J mOj;Jk; kpd;-MilaOj;jp - 750 W - 1200 W3. ePuhtpia ntspapl;L mOj;Jk; kpd;-MilaOj;jp - 1200 W - 2400 W

ghlrhiy nry;Yk; gps;isfs; ,Uf;fpd;w my;yJ njhopYf;Fr; nry;Yk;

mYtyh;fs; ,Uf;fpd;w xU tPl;by; mNefkhf ehshe;jk; 20 Kjy; 30

epkplq;fs; Milfis mOj;Jtjw;Ff; fopfpd;wd. ,jdhy; tPl;L kpd;rhuf;

fl;lzj;jpw;F 8 Kjy; 24 kpd;rhu myFfs; NrUfpd;wd.

Nkw;Fwpj;j %d;W tifahd kpd;-MilaOj;jpfspd; nthl;L vz;zpf;if

mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhYk; ePuhtpia ntspapl;L mOj;Jk; kpd;-MilaOj;jp

mjpf gaidj; jUk;. Mifahy; mjpfstpy; Milfis mOj;Jk; mjpf

vz;zpf;ifahd egh;fs; ,Uf;fpd;w xU tPl;bw;F ,e;j tifahd kpd;-

MilaOj;jp kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdJ.


ePuhtpia ntspapLk; Mw;wy; tha;e;jjhy; Milfis mOj;Jk; NghJ

mjpfstpy; kbe;Js;s ,lq;fis xNu jlitapy; mOj;j KbAk;. Mjyhy;

fhyk; Efh;tpy; rhjhuz xU kpd;-MilaOj;jpiag; ghh;f;fpYk; 50�

FiwthdJ.

xU rhjhuz kpd;-MilaOj;jpapd; nthl; vz;zpf;if Fiwthf

,Ue;jhYk; Milfis mOj;Jtjw;F vLf;Fk; fhyKk; #lhFtjw;F

vLf;Fk; fhyKk; mjpfk; vd;gjhy; Vida kpd;-MilaOj;jpfSld; xg;gpLk;

NghJ mjpfsthd kpd;rhuj;ij EfUk;.

Milfis mOj;Jtjw;F Kd;dh; mjw;fhd fhyj;ijf;

Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;StJ kpd;rhu Nrkpg;G mtrpakhFk;. Mifahy; Milfis

mOj;jj; njhlq;Ftjw;F Kd;dh; Milfisj; njhq;ftpLtjw;fhd njhq;F

rhjdq;fis (Hangers) Maj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mOj;j Ntz;b

MilfisAk; Fiwe;jstpy; mOj;j Ntz;ba MilfisAk; ntt;Ntwhf

itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

kpd;-MilaOj;jpapd; tpidj;jpwDf;F:

gr;irahd xU thio ,iyia mOj;Jtjd; %yk; kpd;-MilaOj;jpapd; mbg;ghfj;ijr; Rj;jg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

ePuhtpia ntspapLk; kpd;-MilaOj;jpw;F J}a ePiug; ghtpAq;fs;.

ePuhtp ntspahFk; Jthuk; jilg;gLtijj; jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;s cw;gj;jpahsh; toq;fpa mwpTiufisg; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;.

vg;nghOJk; gQ;Rj; Jz;ilf;nfhz;L Mtp ntspahFk; Jthuj;ijj; Jilj;Jj; Jg;Guthf;fpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

MilaOj;JtijAk; Kiwahfr; nra;jy;:

Milfis mOj;Jtjw;F Kd;dh; Jzpfspd; jbg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g tifg;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Kjypy; jbg;gkhd Milfis mOj;jpa gpd;dh; nky;ypa Milfis mOj;Jq;fs;. mjw;F Vw;g kpd;-MilaOj;jpapd; ntg;gj;ij gbg;gbahff; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

,WjpahftpUf;fpd;w rpy Milfis mOj;Jtjw;F Kd;dh; kpd;-MilaOj;jpapd; kpd;rhu ,af;fj;ijj; Jz;bj;JtpLq;fs;.

Milfis mOj;jpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy; kpd;-MilaOj;jpia mt;tg;nghOJ itf;Fk; NghJ mjd; mOj;Jk; ghfk; nghUl;fspy; glhj tpjj;jpy; epkph;j;jpitAq;fs;.

Fwpg;ghf xU rhjhuz kpd;-MilaOj;jpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ xU thuj;jpw;F ,uz;L jlitfs; Milfis mOj;Jtjw;Fg; gofpf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

Milfis mOj;jg; gad;gLk; Nkirj; Jzpapd; fPo; mYkpdpaj; jfLfis ,Lq;fs;. ,jdhy; Milfspd; ,U gf;fq;fisAk; xNu

Kiwapy; mOj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;.


Jzpfisj; Jitg;gJ vd;gJ xU

clw;gapw;rp

Jzpfisj; Jitf;Fk; NghJ jkJ fuq;fspdhy; Jitg;gJ

clyhNuhf;fpaj;jpw;F ey;yjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,d;W Fwpg;ghf

efug; gpuNjrq;fspYs;s tPLfspy; Jzpiaj; Jitg;gjw;fhf

ryit ,ae;jpuq;fis kf;fs; ghtpf;Fk; gof;fk; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk; mJ vkJ kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpy; xU ghukhf ,Uf;fhky;

ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;SNthk;.

xU ryit ,ae;jpuj;ij thq;Fk; NghJ:

xU ryit ,ae;jpuj;ij thq;Ftjw;F Kd;dh; tPl;bdJ NjitiaAk;

tPl;by; trpf;Fk; egh;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaAk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 3

my;yJ 4 egh;fs; trpf;fpd;w xU tPl;bw;F 4 fpNyhfpuhk; nfhs;jpwDila

xU ryit ,ae;jpuk; NghJkhdJ.

Mifahy; cq;fsJ tPl;bYs;s egh;fspd; vz;zpf;iff;F Vw;g ryit

,ae;jpuj;jpd; msitj; jPh;khdpj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ryit ,ae;jpuq;fs;

jhdpapaf;f (Automatic) my;yJ miuthrp jhdpapaf;f (Semi-Automatic) vd ,uz;L tif ryit ,ae;jpuq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. jhdpapaf;f ryit

,ae;jpuj;jpw;F kw;wij tplTk; mjpfsthd kpd;rhuk; Njit.


re;ijapy; ,uz;L tpjkhd ryit ,ae;jpuq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd.

mjhtJ ,ae;jpuj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpapy; Jzp Jitj;jy; (Top Loading) kw;Wk; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; Kw;gFjpapy; Jzp Jitj;jy; (Front Loading) vd;w tpjk;. ,tw;wpy; Kw;gFjpapy; Jzp Jitj;jy; ryit ,ae;jpuk; mjpf

tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;jJ. vt;thwhapDk; xU ryit ,ae;jpuk; mz;zsthf

1500 nthl; kpd;rhuj;ij EfUk;. ,t;thwhd xU ryit ,ae;jpuj;jpd;

%yk; Jzpfisj; Jitf;Fk; NghJ xU jlitf;F rhjhuzkhf 2 kpd;rhu

myFfs; mtrpak; vd;gjhy; Kbe;j vy;yh Neuq;fspy; ,ae;jpuj;jpd;

Mfff;$ba nfhs;jpwDf;F msthd Jzpfisj; Jitg;gJ ey;yJ.

tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j Jzp Jitj;jYf;F:

- ryit ,ae;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epiwf;F Vw;g epiwahd

Jzpfisj; JitAq;fs;.

- epiw mjpfhpf;Fk; NghJ Jzp rhpahd Kiwapy; Jitf;fg;glhJ>

,ae;jpuj;jpd; Nkhl;lhUf;Fk; ghjpg;G Vw;gLk;.

- Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s epiwf;F Fiwe;jsthd Jzpfisj; Jitg;gJk;

tpidj;jpwd; Fd;wpa ghtidahFk;.

- Jzpfspd; msTf;F Vw;g ePiug; ghtpAq;fs;.

- Jzpfis msTf;F mjpfkhd jlitfs; Jitg;gijAk; msTf;F

mjpf Neuk; Jitg;gijAk; jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

- Jzpfis cyh;j;Jtjw;F Vwf;Fiwa 500 nthl; kpd;rhuk; Njit.

Mifahy; KbAkhd rfy re;jh;g;gq;fspYk; ntapypy; Jzpfis

cyh;j;Jq;fs;.

- Jzpfisj; Jitj;J cyh;j;Jtjw;fhf njhq;ftpLk; NghJk; (njhq;F

rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp) cyh;e;j gpd;dh; vLf;Fk; NghJk; Jzpfs;

frq;fhkYk; RUq;fhkYk; vLj;J chpa Kiwapy; itj;jhy; Jzpfis

mOj;Jtjw;F EfUk; kpd;rhuj;ijAk; fhyj;ijAk; Nrkpj;Jf;

nfhs;syhk;.

miuthrp jhdpapaf;f

(Semi automatic)

jhdpapaf;f (Automatic)

Nkw;gFjpapy; Jzp Jitj;jy;

(Top loading)

Kw;gFjpapy; Jzp Jitj;jy

(Front loading)


kpd;rhuj;jpw;F ghukpy;yhky;

nghOJNghf;fp kfpo;Nthk;

mjpfkhd ,yq;if kf;fs; jkJ nghOJNghf;Ff;F gpujhdkhf

njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;biag; ghtpf;fpd;wdh;. kpd;rhu trjpfs; ,Uf;fpd;w

45 ,yl;rk; tPLfspy; khj;jpukd;wp kpd;rhu trjpfspy;yhj tPLfspYk;

njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfs; ghtpf;fg;gLtJ midtUk; mwpe;j xU tplak;.

xU njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bia thq;Fk; NghJ:

xU njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bia thq;Fk; NghJ mjd; msit my;yJ

mq;Fyf; fzf;if fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,jw;F EfUk; kpd;rhuj;jpd; msT

vt;tsT vd;gijAk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;s kwe;J tplhjPh;fs;.

njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bapd; tif

njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bapd; msT

Nthl; vz;zpf;if

(W)

ehnshd;Wf;F 4 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;

ghtpf;Fk; NghJ EfUk; kpd;rhu myFfspd;

vz;zpf;if

rhjhuz fUg;G nts;is epwj; njhiyf;fhl;rpg;

ngl;b

14 mq;Fyk; 40 4¡8

rhjhuz th;zj; njhiyf;fhl;rpg;

ngl;b

21 mq;Fyk; 100 12

vy;rpB LCD 22 mq;Fyk; 48 5¡7

vy;<B LED 24 mq;Fyk; 28 3¡3

njhiyf;fhl;rpapd; th;j;jff; FwpaPLfSf;F Vw;g EfUk; kpd;rhu nthl;

msT tpj;jpahrg;gLk;.

etPdj; njhopy;El;gj;ijf; nfhz;L cw;gj;jpahfpAs;s vy;<B (LED) kw;Wk; vy;rpB (LCD) njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfSf;F Fiwe;jsthd kpd;rhuk;

nrythFk; vd;gJ Nkw;Fwpj;j ml;ltizapypUe;J njspthFfpd;wJ.

Mifahy; njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bia thq;Fk; NghJ xU etPd vy;<B

(LED) my;yJ vy;rpB (LCD) njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bia thq;fpdhy; kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;jpw;F rYif fpilf;Fk;.

njhiyf;fhl;rpiag; ghh;j;jy;:

- njhiyf;fhl;rpiag; ghh;f;Fk; Neuj;jpy; mtrpakpy;yhj Vida

,lq;fspy; vhpAk; kpd;Fkpo;fis mizj;J tpLq;fs;.


- njhiyf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; fUtpapd; (Remote Control) %yk;

njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bapd; ,af;fj;ijj; Jz;bg;gjhy; (Stand by epiyapy; itg;gJ) rhjhuzkhf 10-18 nthl; kpd;rhuk; nrythFk;.

Mifahy; njhiyf;fhl;rpiag; ghh;j;J Kbe;jTld; mjd;

Rtpl;rpapdhy; my;yJ Rthpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s mjd; Rtpl;rpapdhy;

khj;jpuk; njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bapd; ,af;fj;ijj; Jz;bAq;fs;.

njhiyf;fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; fUtpia miythpirfis khw;Wtjw;F

khj;jpuk; ghtpAq;fs;.

- njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfSf;F khj;jpukd;wp xyp ehlhf;fs; kw;Wk;

BtpB (DVD)> rpB (CD) Nghd;w rhjdq;fSf;Fk; ,e;j eltbf;ifiag;

gpd;gw;Wq;fs;.

- ehshe;jj; njhiyf;fhl;rp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; gw;wpa tpguq;fis epidtpy;

itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,jdhy; Njitaw;w Neuq;fspy; njhiyf;fhl;rpg;

ngl;bia ,af;FtjpypUe;J jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

- tPl;by; Nrhk;gwpj;jd;ikiag; Nghf;Ftjw;F thndhyp ey;ynjhU

Clfk; vd;gjhy; thndhypiag; ghtpj;J njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bapd;

ghtidiaf; Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.


kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fis thq;Fk;

NghJ ,e;j tplaq;fisg; gw;wpAk;

rpe;jpg;Nghk;:

,d;W njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfs; jtizf;fl;lz mbg;gilapYk;

Fiwe;j tpw;gid tpiy KiwapYk; toq;fg;gLk; vd;w tpsk;guj;jpw;F

Vkhe;J vkJ kf;fspy; mNefkhdth;fs; njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;bfis mjpfk;

mjpfk; thq;Ffpd;wdh;.

MapDk; Fwpg;ghf vkJ Njit> me;jj; Njitf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd

nghUspd; msT> mjd; MAl;fhyk;> me;jg; nghUSf;Fr; nrythFk; nryT

vd;gd gw;wpf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;ljd; gpd;dh;jhd; kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fis

thq;f Ntz;Lk;. mt;thwpy;yhky; ,yhgj;jpy; my;yJ jtizf;fl;lz

mbg;gilapy; fpilf;fpd;wJ vd;gjw;fhf khj;jpuk; ehk; kpd;rhu

cgfuzq;fis thq;fpdhy; me;j cgfuzq;fisg; ghtpf;Fk; fhyj;jpy;

vkJ gzk; tPzhfr; nrythFk;.

nghUspd; MAl;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; nryT (Life cycle cost)MAl;fhyj;jpy; nghUSf;F Vw;gLk; KOr;nryT ®

cgfuzj;jpd; tpiy ñ kpd;rhuj;jpw;fhd nryT ñ guhkhpg;Gr; nryT

Xh; cjhuzj;ijf; nfhz;L nghUspd; MAl;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; nryitf;

fzpg;gpLNthk;.


rhjhuz kw;Wk; g;su~d;l; kpd;Fkpo;fspd; MAl;fhyj;jpDs; Vw;gLk;

nryT (Life Cycle Cost) gw;wpa xj;jPL: 40>000 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; xspiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Stjw;F ePq;fs; xU

vy;<B kpd;Fkpiog; ghtpj;jhy; mjd; MAl;fhyKk; mz;zsthf

40>000 kzpj;jpahyq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjhy; xU kpd;Fkpo; khj;jpuk;

NghJkhdJ. rpvg;vy; kpd;Fkpiog; ghtpj;jhy; xU kpd;FkpopdJ

MAl;fhyk; Vwf;Fiwa 8000 kzpj;jpahyq;fshFk; vd;gjhy; ,e;jf;

fhyg;gFjpapDs; 5 kpd;Fkpo;fisg; ghtpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNj Nghd;W

rhjhuz kpd;Fkpiog; ghtpj;jhy; xU kpd;FkpopdJ MAl;fhyk;

2000 kzpj;jpahyq;fshFk; vd;gjhy; ,e;jf; fhyg;gFjpapDs; 20

kpd;Fkpo;fisg; ghtpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

rhjhuz

kpd;Fkpo; (75 W) rpvg;vy;

kpd;Fkpo; (15 W) vy;<B kpd;Fkpo;

(12 W)

1& MAl;fhyk;

(kzpj;jpahyk;)2000 8000 40000

2& Muk;gr; nryT 20 kpd;Fkpo;

ù &. 60.00

® &. 1200.00

5 kpd;Fkpo;

ù &. 325.00

® &. 1625.00

1 kpd;Fkpo; ù

&.2000.00

® &.2000.00

3& kpd;rhur; nryT KO

MAl;fhyj;jpYk;

Vw;gLk; nryT

(75ù40000ù20)

-------------------------

-1000

&.48000

KO

MAl;fhyj;jpYk;

Vw;gLk; nryT

(15ù40000ù20)

-------------------------

-1000

&.12000

KO

MAl;fhyj;jpYk;

Vw;gLk; nryT

(15ù40000ù20)

-------------------------

-1000

&.9600

4& guhkhpg;Gr; nryT ,y;iy ,y;iy ,y;iy

5& MAl;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk;

nkhj;jr; nryT

&. 49200 &. 13625 &. 11600

Nkw;Fwpj;j cgfuzj;jpw;F Vw;g tpiyia khj;jpuk; fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk;

NghJ rhjhuz kpd;Fkpo; ,yhgk; juf;$bajhf ,Ue;jhYk; mjd;

MAl;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; nkhj;jr; nryT mjhtJ (Life Cycle Cost) nryitg; ghh;f;Fk; NghJ rpvg;vy; kpd;Fkpo; rhjhuz kpd;Fkpiog; ghh;f;fpYk;

Efh;NthUf;F mjpf ,yhgj;ijj; jUk;. mNj Nghd;W vy;B< kpd;Fkpiog;

ghtpj;jhy; mjpfkhd ,yhgk; fpilf;Fk;.

Mifahy; ve;j xU kpd;FkpioAk; thq;Ftjw;F Kd;dh; mjd;

MAl;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; nryitf; fzpg;gpl;L Njitahd nghUj;jkhd

nfhs;jpwDila tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j kpd;rhu cgfuzq;fis thq;fpdhy;

cq;fspd; kpd;rhuf; fl;lzj;ij vg;nghOJk; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.


rikayiwapy; kpd;rhuj;ij

rpf;fdkhfg; ghtpg;Nghk;

tPl;by; gy topfspYk; kpd;rhuj;ijg; ghtpf;Fk; ,lk; rikayiw.

rikayiwiar; Rj;jkhf itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J kpd;rhu Nrkpg;igAk;

tPl;Lg; nghUshjhuj;ijAk; typikg;gLj;Jtjpy; Fwpg;ghf nry;thf;Fr;

nrYj;Jk;.

czT rikj;jy;:

czT rikg;gjw;F kpfTk; ,yhgkhd rf;jp tif tpwF. vhpthA

kw;Wk; kpd;rhuk; vd;gd KiwNa tpiyapy; cah;e;j vhpnghUl;fs;. ,d;W

mjpfkhd efug; gpuNjr tPLfspy; tpwF ghtpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gjhy;

vy;gp vhpthA kpd;rhuj;Jld; xg;gpLk; NghJ ,yhgk; juf;$baJ. Mifahy;

czT rikg;gjw;Fk; ePiur; #lhf;Ftjw;Fk; kpd;rhuj;ijg; ghtpg;gijj;

jtph;j;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;why; cq;fSf;Fk; ehl;bw;Fk; mjpf

nghUshjhu ed;ikfs; fpilf;Fk;.


miuf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; (g;sz;lh;):

miuf;Fk; ,ae;jpuj;jpd; tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j ghtidf;F fPo;fhZk;

tpjj;jpy; nray;gLNthk;.

tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;j ghtidf;F:

1) miuf;Fk; ,ae;jpuj;ijg; ghtpf;Fk; vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; mjd;

Mff;$ba nfhs;jpwDf;F Vw;wthW nghUl;fis ,Lq;fs;. c-k;:

Fiwe;jsthd Njq;fha;g; ghiyg; gpope;njLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;why;

fuj;jpdhy; gpope;njLg;Nghk;.

2) Mff;$ba nfhs;jpwDf;F kPwp nghUl;fis ,Ltijj; (Over loading) jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;SNthk;.

3) 30 epkplaq;fSf;F xU jlit ,af;fj;ijj; Jz;bj;Jg; ghtpj;jhy;

cgfuzj;jpd; tpidj;jpwid mjpfhpg;gjw;Fk; njhlh;e;J ,aq;Ftjhy;

Nkhl;lhUf;F Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;Stjw;Fk;

cjTk;.

4) cgfuzj;ij chpa Kiwapy; ,af;fp mjd; Ntfj;ij gbg;gbahf

cr;r msTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltu Ntz;Lk;.

5) ghtpj;J Kbe;j gpd;dh; cgfuzj;ijr; Rj;jk; nra;J itj;jpUq;fs;.

6) Nkhl;lhhpd; ngahhpq; Nje;jpUe;jhy; mjpy; xU rj;jk; Nfl;Fk;. mt;thW

,Ue;jhy; mjid chpa Kiwapy; gOJghh;j;Jg; guhkhpAq;fs;.

,y;iynad;why; kpd;rhuk; mjpfstpy; tPzhFk;.

7) miug;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; ghj;jpuq;fspy; ,Ue;J ePh; frpAkhapd;

me;jg; ghj;jpuq;fisg; gOJghh;g;gjw;F my;yJ Gjpa ghj;jpuq;fisg;

ghtpg;gjw;F eltbf;if vLq;fs;.

tpwifg; gad;gLj;jp czT rikj;jy;:

,yq;ifapy; ,d;Wk; mjpfkhd tPLfspy; czT rikg;gjw;F tpwF

vhpnghUshfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; tpidj;jpwd; ghtidf;F

,d;W xU Gjpa tpwF mLg;G cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;j mLg;igg;

ghtpAq;fs;.

mLg;G tif tpidj;jpwd;

%d;W fy; mLg;G 5� - 8�

cd;dj (mdfp) mLg;G 17� - 20�

caph; jpzpTr;rf;jp %yk; NrhW rikf;Fk; mLg;G 35� - 40�

tpwifg; gad;gLj;jp czT rikf;Fk; %d;W fy; mLg;ig tplTk;

Gjpa xU mLg;G tifiag; ghtpj;jhy; tPl;Lr; #oiy RfhjhukhdjhfTk;

rikayiwiar; Rj;jkhdjhfTk; itj;jpUf;f KbAk;.


rikayiwapy;

kpd;rhuj;ij rpf;fdkhfg;

ghtpg;Nghk

caph; jpzpTr;rf;jp %yk; NrhW rikf;Fk; mLg;G:

,yq;ifj; Njrpa nghwpapay; Muha;r;rp

mgptpUj;jp epiyaj;jpdhy; (NERD Center) cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;s caph; jpzpTr;rf;jp

%yk; NrhW rikf;Fk; mLg;ig (Bio Mass Rice Coocker) kpd;rhu mLg;Gf;Fg; gjpyhfg; ghtpj;jhy;

xU fpNyh mhprpia ,l;L xU ehisf;F ,uz;L

jlitfs; NrhW rikf;Fk; xU tPl;by; 15 kpd;rhu

myFfisr; Nrkpj;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.

xU fpNyh mhprpia ,l;L NrhW rikg;gjw;F

kpd;rhu mLg;G 20 epkplq;fis EfUk; Ntisapy;

caph; jpzpTr;rf;jp %yk; NrhW rikf;Fk; mLg;G

Vwf;Fiwa 45 epkplq;fis EfUk;. MapDk;

,e;j mLg;G ve;j kpd;rhuj;ijAk; Efh;tjpy;iy.

,jw;Fj; Njitg;gLtJ tPl;bypUe;J vwpAk;

,uz;L rpul;ilfs; khj;jpuk;.

kpfTk; Fiwe;j Gifia ntspapLk; caph;

jpzpTr;rf;jp %yk; NrhW rikf;Fk; xU mLg;ig

&.5000.00 Nghd;w xU njhiff;F re;ijapy; thq;fyhk;.

vy;gp vhpthA %yk; czT rikj;jy; Æ vy;gp vhpthAg; ghtid:

xU tpwF mLg;Gld; xg;gpLk; NghJ vy;gp vhpthA mLg;G kpfTk;

tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;jJ. xg;gPl;lstpy; cw;gj;jpg; ngWkhdKk; mjpfk;.

,jdhy; vkJ ehl;by; tUlhe;jk; vy;gp vhpthA Efh;T Vwf;Fiwa 1�

tPjj;jpdhy; mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. 2011 Mk; Mz;L vy;gp vhpthA ,wf;Fkjp

24>110 nk.nlh Mf ,Ue;jJ.

Mifahy; ePq;fs; vhpthAit rpf;fdkhd Kiwapy; ghtpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,y;iynadpy; cq;fsJ nghUshjhuj;jpy; khj;jpukd;wp ehl;bd;

nghUshjhuj;jpYk; tPo;r;rp Vw;gLk;.

vhpthA mLg;gpd; tpidj;jpwid mjpfhpg;gjw;F:

1) ePyj; jPr;-Rthiyia tuitg;Nghk; - mLg;gpd; fPOs;s thA rhjdj;ij

khw;wp ePyj; jPr;-Rthiyia (xl;rprd; tha;e;j epiy) tuitg;Nghk;.

kQ;ry; epwj; jPr;-Rthiy ,Ue;jhy; vhpthA tpidj;jpwd; ghtidf;Fg;

ghjpg;ghf mikAk;.

2) KbAkhd vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; mOj;j mLg;ig (Pressure Coocker) ghtpAq;fs;. mJ kpfTk; tpidj;jpwd; tha;e;jJ.

3) mLg;gpd; msTf;F Vw;w ghj;jpuq;fisg; ghtpAq;fs;.


4) czT rikf;Fk; ghj;jpuj;jpw;Fk; jPr;-Rthiyf;Fk; ,ilapYs;s

,ilntspia Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; NgZq;fs;.

5) mLg;gpYs;s thA rhjdj;ij Rj;jg;gLj;jp thA jilg;glhj tpjj;jpy;

itj;jpUq;fs;.

6) czT rikg;gjw;F kz; ghj;jpuj;ijg; ghtpj;jhy; vhpthA mLg;Gf;F

tpN~lkhf cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l kz; ghj;jpuq;fis (fpilahd

jbg;gk; Fiwe;j) ghtpAq;fs;.

czT rikf;Fk; NghJ ,e;j tplaq;fs; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpg;Nghk;:

1) fpoq;F tiffis thq;Fk; NghJ rpwpa fpoq;Ffisj; Njh;e;njLj;J

thq;Fq;fs;. fpoq;F tiffisj; Jz;L Jz;lhf ntl;b Ntf

itj;jhy; Ntf itg;gjw;F vLf;Fk; fhyk; FiwAk;.

2) jhdpaq;fis mtpg;gjw;F Kd;dh; me;jj; jhdpaq;fis Cwitj;J

ntJg;gfj; J}is (Baking powder) my;yJ Mg;gNrhlh Nghd;w

xU gjhh;j;jj;ijr; Nrh;j;J mtpg;gjhy; mtpg;gjw;F vLf;Fk; fhyk;

FiwAk;.

3) jhdpaq;fisAk; Kl;ilfisAk; mtpg;gjw;Fk; NjePh; jahhpg;gjw;Fk;

ePiu #lhf;Fk; NghJ Njitahd msT ePiug; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;. NjePh;

jahhpg;gjw;F #lhf;fpa ePh; vQ;rpapUf;fpd;w Neuj;jpy; me;j vQ;rpa

ePiu RLjz;zPh; Nghj;jypy; ,l;Litj;J kPz;Lk; ghtpAq;fs;.

czT rikf;Fk; NghJ rikf;Fk; ghj;jpuj;ij chpa %bapdhy;

%bdhy; Mtp ntspahFtJ jilg;gl;L mjdhy; ghj;jpuj;jpDs; Mtp

epuk;gp czT nfjpapy; NtFk;.

ghJfhg;G Kf;fpak;:

- vhpthA rpypz;nliu vLj;JtUk; NghJk; tPl;by; itf;Fk; NghJk;

Neuhf (Neuhf epkph;j;jp) itAq;fs;.

- rpypz;nliu khw;Wk; xt;nthU Neuj;jpYk; mjpYs;s NuFNyl;lh;

,Uf;fpd;wjh vdg; ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

- rpypz;nlhpy; ,Ue;J vhpthA mLg;Gf;F vhpthAitr; nrYj;Jk; Foha;

gOe;jile;Js;sjh vd mbf;fb ghprPypj;Jg; ghh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

- vhpthA mLg;G vhpAk; Neuj;jpy; vhpthA kzk; te;jhy; cldbahf

mLg;igg; gOJghh;j;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,y;iynadpy; vhpthA gadpd;wp

tPzhfpr; nry;Yk;.

- rikayiwapy; vhpthA kzk; te;jhy; rpful;L> iyl;lh; Nghd;wtw;iwg;

ghtpf;ff;$lhJ. nuFNyl;liur; Row;wp mLg;Gf;F tUk; vhpthA topia

%btpLq;fs;.


kpd;rhuk; rhh;e;j nryTr; Rl;b

kpd;rhuk; rhh;e;j nryTr; Rl;biag; ghtpj;jhy; tPl;by; kpd;rhuf;

fl;Lg;ghl;L msit mwpe;Jnfhs;syhk;.

cq;fsJ tPl;bd; khjhe;j kpd;rhu nryTf;F nkhj;jr; nryT tpfpjk;

kpd;rhuk; rhh;e;j nryTr; Rl;bahf ,Ue;jhy;:

cq;fsJ kpd;rhuk; rhh;e;j nryTr; Rl;bia mwpe;Jnfhs;Stjw;F

Njitahd jfTjpwd;fshfpa kpd;rhuk; rhh;e;j nryT kw;Wk; nkhj;jr;

nryT vd;gtw;iwf; fz;lwptjw;F gpd;tUk; ml;ltiziag; ghtpAq;fs;.

kpd;rhuk; rhh;e;j nryTr; Rl;b:

FLk;gj;jpd; khjhe;j tUkhdk;: & ......................

FLk;gj;jpd; khjhe;jr; nryT: & ......................

kpd;rhuf; fl;lzk; & ......................

Bry;Ækz;nzz;nza;Ævy;gp[p thA & ......................

tpwF & ......................

thlifj; njhif & ......................

njhiyNgrpf; fl;lzk; & ......................

czTf;fhd nryT & ......................

jz;zPh; fl;lzk; & ......................

MilfSf;fhd nryT & .......................

Nghf;Ftuj;Jr; nryT & ......................

Vidait & .......................

nkhj;jk; & ......................


kpd;rhuk; rhh;e;j nryT:

2. kpd;rhu Efh;T:

khjk;: ................................. Mz;L: .................................

kpd;rhuf; fl;lzk; (myF) fp.nth.k

vy;gp[p .............................. fpfp

kz;nzz;nza; .............................. yPw;wh;

Bry; .............................. yPw;wh;

ngw;Nwhy; .............................. yPw;wh;

tpwF .............................. fpfp

Vidait ..............................

khjhe;j tUkhdk; - A & ...............................

khjhe;jr; nryT - B & ...............................

khjhe;j kpd;rhur; nryT - C & ...............................

kpd;rhuk; rhh;e;j nryTr; Rl;b - D=C/B

Fwpg;Gfs;:

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fUkk; kpd;rhu cgfuzk; nthl;

msT

ehs; xd;Wf;F

ruhrhpahfg;

gad;gLj;Jk;

kzpj;jpahyq;fspd;

vz;zpf;if

xU khjj;jpDs;

Efug;gLk;

kpd;rhu

myFfspd;

vz;zpf;if

xspA+l;Ljy; rhjhuz kpd;Fkpo;

bA+g; gy;g; - kpd;Fkpo;

rpvg;vy; kpd;Fkpo;

vy;<B kpd;Fkpo;

75

40

15

5

4

4

4

4

9

5

2

0'6

njhlh;ghly; njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;b (fUg;G - nts;is)

njhiyf;fhl;rpg; ngl;b (th;zk;)

thndhypg; ngl;b

kb fzzp

nyg;nlhg; fzzp

njhiyNgrp rh[h;

40

100

40

80$150

20$50

05

4

4

4

4

4

2

5

12

4'8

9'6 $ 18

2'4 $ 6

0'15

ePiu #lhf;Fjy; kpd; Nfj;jy;

ePh; #lhf;fp (fPrh;)

`Pl;lh;

1500

3000

1000$1500

1$2

1$4

1$2

23

23

15$23

czT

rikj;jy;

miuf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk;

kpd; mLg;G

NrhW rikf;Fk; mLg;G

250

4000

600

1$4

1 1$2

1$2

2

180

9

czTfisg;

gOjilahky;

Fsph;rhjdg;

ngl;bapy; ,l;Lg;

ghJfhj;jy;

Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b

mjp Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b

130

120

15

16

58

58

#oYf;Ff;

Fsp&l;Ljy;

Nkir kpd;tprpwp

$iu kpd;tprpwp

Fsp&l;b (A/C - Small Window Unit)

40

75

1100

8

8

8

10

18

265

Mil

Jitj;jYk;

mOj;jYk;

ryit ,ae;jpuk;

Mil cyh;j;jp

kpd;-MilaOj;jp

1500

500

750

1$4

1$4

1$3

11

4

7-8

Vida

fUkq;fs;

epy kpDf;fp ,ae;jpuk;

kpd;dfw;wy; ,ae;jpuk;

500

850

1$4

1$4

4

6

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