Flip Book

By: Cliff

The cell receives a message to make a certain amount of a protein.

Cell Nucleus

RNA Polymerase

• RNA Polymerase is the enzyme that makes all of the RNA and Transcribes genes. The RNA polymerase uses a strand of DNA as a template which guides everything else so that it makes a new strand of nucleic acid

RNA polymerase eventually comes in and zips everything up.

A little bit of the DNA unwinds and shows the gene responsible for that protein

The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores.

Nucleus

Ribosome

Mitochondria

Cytoplasm

Chromosomes

This is a diagram of the unzipped DNA inside of the chromosome. In the next step, RNA polymerase should come in, which closes up the DNA strands.

RNA polymerase eventually comes in and zips everything up.

This is what the DNA looks like when it is zipped up

Transcription

• The mRNA is Transcribed by using one of the strands of a DNA molecule. The RNA carries genetic info to the ribosome from the DNA. This information is then used to make proteins. After this, DNA and RNA use coding to match up all of the base pairs to form a double helix. One of the three differences between DNA and RNA is that DNA uses Thymine while RNA is Uracil.

Promoter Region RNA Coding Region

Terminator Region

These are the three main steps of Transcription. The promoter region signals the beginning of the gene, The operator region acts as an on/off switch, and last but not least, the Terminator region marks the end of the gene.

Adenine

Thymine

Cytosine

Guanine

Translation

Cell Nucleus

Cell Cytoplasm

Ribosome

Ribosome

Ribosome

Ribosome

Ribosome

Ribosome

Ribosome

Ribosome

Ribosome

Developing polypeptide chain

Ribosome

Developing polypeptide chain

Ribosome

Developing polypeptide chain

tRNA

U A C

Binding Site

Anti Codon

G G C

G G C

C C G

mRNA Strand

G G C

C C G

Amino Acid Anti Codon

Codon

mRNA

AUG is the start Codon and UAA is the stop codon