flood damage emergency reconstruction project – output 3...
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Ministry of Water Resourcesand Meteorology (MOWRAM)
Asian Development Bank Cambodia
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project– Output 3: Irrigation and Flood ControlADB Loan Number : 2852-CAM(SF)
AusAID Grant Number: 0285-CAM(EF)
SUB-PROJECT PROFILE
KOR AET
Version 2
AUGUST 2012
28 August 2012
In association with
KEY CONSULTANTS (CAMBODIA)
Egis Eau Document quality information
Page 3Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood ControlVersion 2
Document quality information
General information
Author(s) FDERP-MOWRAM TA; EGIS EAU / KCC
Project name Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigationand Flood Control
Document name KOR AET sub-project profile
Date 28 August 2012
Reference FDERP-SPP-03-0812
Addressee(s)
Sent to:
Name Organisation Sent on (date):
H.E. Ponh Sachak PIU 28/8/12
26/9/12 (vers. 02)
Copy to:
Name Organisation Sent on (date):
PCMU
ADB
History of modifications
Version Date Written by Approved & signed by:
02 23rd
Sept 2012 Mark Schiele, Team Leader
Egis Eau Contents
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Contents
Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 9
1. Background .......................................................................................... 92. Flood Damage....................................................................................... 9
Chapter 2 - SUB-PROJECT DESCRIPTION .............................................. 10
1. Location ...............................................................................................102. Existing Situation ................................................................................10
2.1. Sub-project description ................................................................................ 10
2.2. Socio-economic and Agriculture .................................................................. 132.2.1. Beneficiaries.................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2. Population data ............................................................................................. 13
2.2.3. Agricultural practices ..................................................................................... 13
2.2.4. Agronomic Issues.......................................................................................... 13
2.2.5. Cropping Pattern-Kor Aet scheme................................................................. 14
2.3. FWUC/FWUG .............................................................................................. 142.3.1. Irrigation Service Fee .................................................................................... 16
2.4. O&M ............................................................................................................. 16
2.5. Hydrology ..................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 3 - SCOPE OF WORKS................................................................ 18
1. Repairs.................................................................................................182. Cost estimate.......................................................................................183. Photos..................................................................................................19
Chapter 4 - SUB-PROJECT SCREENING ................................................. 20
1. Resettlement........................................................................................201.1. Resettlement Impact Categorization Check-list........................................... 20
2. Environment ........................................................................................202.1. Environmental Assessment Check-list......................................................... 21
Chapter 5 - CONCLUSIONS....................................................................... 22
1. Screening.............................................................................................222. Proposed interventions ......................................................................22
Egis Eau List of tables
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List of tables
Table 1 Beneficiary Me Pring commune target village data...........................................13
Table 2 Cultivated areas for Kor Aet scheme.................................................................14
Egis Eau List of figures
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List of figures
Figure 1 Location Map for Kor Aet....................................................................................11
Figure 2 Aerial Photo showing Kor Aet reservoir .............................................................12
Figure 3 Seasonal Crop calendar .....................................................................................13
Figure 4 Cropping Pattern _ Kor Aet scheme...................................................................14
Figure 5 Kor Aet Scheme plan prepared by FWUG .........................................................15
Figure 6 Kor Aet fee collection register for 2011 ..............................................................16
Egis Eau List of appendices
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List of appendices
Appendix 1 Involuntary Resettlement Impact Check-list .......................................................23
Appendix 2 Screening for environmental impacts – Kor Aet.................................................24
Appendix 3 Sketches of proposed emergency repairs..........................................................28
Appendix 4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)...........................................................31
Appendix 5 Hydrology ...........................................................................................................36
Egis Eau Acronyms and Abbreviations
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
ADB Asian Development Bank
AusAID Australian Agency for International Development
CARM Cambodian Resident Mission (of ADB)
EA Executing Agency
FDERP Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project
FWUC Farmer Water User Community
IA Implementing Agency
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
MEF Ministry of Economy and Finance
MOU Memorandum of Understanding
MOWRAM Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology
O&M Operation and Maintenance
PAM Project Administration Manual
PCMU Project Coordination and Monitoring Unit (MEF)
PDWRAM Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology
PIU Project Implementation Unit
PP Procurement Plan
RGC Royal Government of Cambodia
ROW Right-of-way
RRP Report and Recommendation of the President (to the board of directors)
SAH Severely Affected Households
SPS Safeguard Policy Statement
TA Technical Assistance
TOR Terms of Reference
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Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION
1. Background
Following the 2011 floods in Cambodia that caused widespread damage to infrastructure, the
Government of Australia and ADB has approved funding under the Flood Damage Emergency
Reconstruction Project (FDERP) to assist the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) with
implementation of repairs. The Project includes restoration irrigation scheme facilities to be
implemented by the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM).
During the ADB fact finding mission in January and February 2012, interventions were identified
within a framework for structuring project activities and divided into 3 Stages.
Stage 3 interventions were to follow the Stage 2 fast-track repairs necessary to repair damaged
facilities within the following two dry seasons.
The project documents identify Stage 3 sub-projects/contract packages in the Procurement Plan
(PP). However the PP was a hastily prepared list of sub-projects requiring interventions with
guess estimates of cost (with total cost well above actual funding availability)1. Thus, a project
requirement is for the Stage 3 sub-projects to be confirmed prior to commencing detailed
design.
This-report concerns the Stage 3 intervention for Kor Aet sub-project located in Kampong Cham
province, which is limited to reconstruction of polder/reservoir embankments of Kor Aet scheme
and some appurtenant structures.
The Kor Aet sub-project emergency reconstruction work is included in the PP as Contract No.
MOWRAM-CW5 for an estimated final contract value of US$1 million that included
reconstruction of facilities at O Tasek and Tkas Dam sub-projects, which on a rapid appraisal
were found not to conform to FDERP criteria for selection.
2. Flood Damage
The embankments that constitute the Kor Aet reservoir were in parts eroded by the extreme
flood events of the last two years. This coupled with low dyke height in some locations makes
access impossible in wet season. The dyke embankments provide important access roads.
1The PP was recently revised and included in the Inception Mission MOU of 16-31 July 2012
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Chapter 2 - SUB-PROJECTDESCRIPTION
1. Location
The sub-project area is located within Batheay District and the command area is located within
the Me Pring commune near the Por Tatres system (FDERP sub-project) and is accessible
through the rural road network from the left side of National Road No. 6 before Phaav market in
Batheay district, Kampong Cham province (see Location Map Figure 1). Some sections of the
earth roads are in bad condition due to the bad weather condition. Low lying road has
accumulated water and is difficult to pass but still can be traversed 4x4 vehicles.
The project area (refer to Figure 2) is subject to seasonal flooding with floodwater coming from
Mekong River and Ton Le Sap Lake. The depth of flood last year reached to about 1.0 m. from
the existing crest dike elevation.
2. Existing Situation
2.1. Sub-project description
The Kor Aet system consists of four (4) flood retention dikes enclosing each other to contain a
reservoir area that takes water from the seasonal Mekong flood. The four (4) dikes have an
approximate length of 3.6 km. The main dike which is on the east side has a width of about 4 m,
while the other three sides are less at about 3 m in width. The dikes have been damaged due to
regular overtopping by floodwater.
There is one (1) existing structure with damaged inlet to regulate the outflow after the flooding
season while during the flood; the area is just being inundated.
The present reservoir height is estimated at about 1.5 meter above ground level and
considering the surface area of the reservoir it is estimated that the reservoir has a capacity of
about 1 million m3. The reservoir is used to store water temporarily to assist in cropping and the
farmers use the reservoir area for rice cultivation after the retained water is used up for the dry
season irrigation between January and April. The FWUG committee estimates that during the
dry season there are 139 hectares irrigated from the reservoir. It seems that when the water
volume starts to diminish the farmers cultivate within the reservoir and use the stored water for
irrigation inside and outside the reservoir.
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Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control
Figure 1 Location Map for Kor Aet
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Figure 2 Aerial Photo showing Kor Aet reservoir
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2.2. Socio-economic and Agriculture
2.2.1. Beneficiaries
The scheme is located within the Me Pring commune at the Batheay District comprising 789
families overall, but the schemes beneficiaries are mostly farmers from Tan Thlang village but
also farmers from the Tang Roleang and Prek Kao villages (refer to Table 1 and 2).
2.2.2. Population data
Table 1 Beneficiary Me Pring commune target village data
PopulationCommune Village Name
Number ofhouseholds
(hh) Total Female
Me Pring Tang Thlang 350 1668 869
Tang Rolleang 289 1177 639
Prek Kao 150 706 388
TOTAL 789 3551 1896
2.2.3. Agricultural practices
There are 2 cropping seasons in the area. During wet season, normally two varieties are grown.
One ‘medium’ variety, representing about 30% of overall cultivation is grown close to villages for
home use and is not considered to be within the irrigated area; the other an ‘early’ rice variety
using “85” variety (about 80-85 days) is planted a little earlier in about 450 ha in areas closer to
the source of flooding, and use is made of available water to ensure establishment of the crop.
The general seasonal crop calendar for the locality is presented in Figure 3 below.
Figure 3 Seasonal Crop calendar
Description Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rice Crop
Wet season:
Short duration
Medium duration
Late duration
Dry season rice:
Outside reservoir
Inside reservoir
2.2.4. Agronomic Issues
The following issues were observed during field visits:
- Pest damage to rice crop
- Poor understanding of safe pesticide use
- Lack of water in dry season
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- Poor understanding of land levelling
- Lack of post harvest technology and pure seed selection
- Limited knowledge of rice plant growth and development
2.2.5. Cropping Pattern-Kor Aet scheme
The immediate cropped area including the reservoir and the adjoining land totals 219 ha of
which the reservoir totals 80 ha which is within Tang Thlang village jurisdiction, is 80 ha.
Including the cropped areas adjacent to village the total area cropped is 290 ha. The total
scheme area and planted in wet season, including the two other villages amounts to 234 ha as
shown in Table 2. During dry season the total cropped area is 234 ha. The total command area
area after rehabilitation is expected to be 350 ha.
Table 2 Cultivated areas for Kor Aet scheme
VillageName
Number ofhouseholds
(hh)
Beneficiaries(hh)
WetSeason
(ha)
DrySeason
(ha)
AverageWS rice
yield (t/ha)
AverageDS rice
yield(t/ha)
TangThlang
350 350 219 219 2.8 3
TangRolleang
289 10 10 10 2.8 3
Prek Kao 150 5 5 5 2.8 3
TOTAL 789 365 234 234 2.80 3
The cropping pattern for Kor Aet scheme including within/outside reservoir and the medium rice
grown near villages is presented in Figure 4. Refer also to O&M below.
Figure 4 Cropping Pattern _ Kor Aet scheme
Medium rice 30%
WS
Outside reservoir
Early rice
WS inside reservoir
Month May Jun Jul Aug SepApr Jan Feb MarOct Nov Dec Apr
2.3. FWUC/FWUG
There is a strong and active FWUG at Kor Aet which is evidenced by the available sketches and
information that was submitted by the FWUG leader (see Figures 5 and 6 below). The water
users community has a FWUG committee of five including a Chief, first and second vice chiefs
and 2 other members. There are 10 subgroups each of which comprises 20 to 30 families.
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There are 3 women subgroup leaders and the community is made up of farmers from 3 villages
(see above).
It is important to note that this FWUG was created by the community itself without support from
PDWRAM but with leadership from Me Pring pagoda and was demand driven by the
beneficiaries. Thus, in 1999, the commune and farmers leaders initiated the process of
organisation of the water users and the establishment of an elected FWUG committee. After its
establishment; the FWUG committee started the collection of the water users contribution and
the construction bidding of the reservoir. It is not clear if this was rehabilitation of an old
reservoir or construction of new reservoir but according to the FWUG committee it was new
construction and there was no reservoir in the area before 2000.
The scheme reservoir was constructed by the farmer community in year 2000. The scheme
includes one reservoir with rectangular shape with an area of about 80 hectares (approx.
1000m x 800 m). The FWUG members explained that the irrigation scheme has a gross
command area of 219 hectares excluding the areas used for ‘medium rice’ situated near the
villages. The total surface area is farmed amounts to just over 300 ha.
The FWUG committee planned the construction of the reservoir in four phases (figures below):
Phase 1 in 2000: in this phase the FWUG committee collected 9.9 Million KHR for the
construction of part A of the reservoir with height of 1.5 meter.
Phase 2 in 2000: in this phase the FWUG committee collected 4.9 Million KHR for the
maintenance of part A with increase of its height up to 1.7 meter and construction of part B and
part C of the reservoir with height of 1.7 meter.
Phase 3 in 2010: in this phase the FWUG committee collected 24.8 Million KHR for the
maintenance of part A, B and C with upgrade of its eroded height up to 1.5 meter and
construction of part D of the reservoir with height of 1.5 meter.
Phase 4 in 2011: in this phase the FWUG committee collected 5.9 Million KHR for the
maintenance of the different parts of the reservoir after the flooding.
Figure 5 Kor Aet Scheme plan prepared by FWUG
The areas adjacent to the 80 ha reservoir area were given by the FWUG as :
North80ha
40ha
42ha
32ha
25ha
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The Figure 5 above is a schematic plan of the Kor Aet scheme prepared by the FWUG and
shows the dimensions of the reservoir /polder and the areas within and outside of the reservoir;
North area, 42 ha ; South area, 25 ha ; East area, 32 ha, West area, 40 ha, giving a total area of
219 ha .
2.3.1. Irrigation Service Fee
The FWUG does not have a formal statute (as per MOWRAM registered FWUCs) and the
committee does not collect fees every year but depending on the repair or maintenance
requirement of the reservoir facility. The fee collection is also dependant on the benefit obtained
from the reservoir, either inside or outside and on cropping intensity, and the rate varies by
year. In 2011 the FWUC collected a total of 5.9 million Riels and in 2012 4.2 million Riels. The
fees collected are significant and show again how demand driven projects are more likely to be
sustainable.
Figure 6 Kor Aet fee collection register for 2011
2.4. O&M
The rationale for the reservoir is complex since it clearly cannot store a lot of water and
furthermore is itself used for cropping. The water source for Kor Aet scheme comes from the
flooding from Tonlesap Great Lake that flow into the area on the west side of the reservoir ; in
wet season in August until November when the water starts to subside and the gates are closed
to store water in the reservoir. In the dry season water flows out to irrigate the famers’ paddy
fields around the reservoir in February until the reservoir empties in March or April.
Rice is grown inside and outside the reservoir depending on the season and climate conditions.
Some ‘medium’ type varieties (such as Phka Rumduol) are traditionally planted near the villages
for home consumption only. This is rain fed WS rice planted about end of June and harvested in
December, and represents about 30% of production.
Water distribution in Kor Aet reservoir for irrigating of paddy fields is carried out approximately
once a week. The farmers take water using individual pumps into paddy from the ditch formed
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on the inside of the polder dyke. Despite the collection of fees, at present the maintenance of
the Kor Aet reservoir system is considered deficient. This is not for lack of funds but its
application and perhaps lack of technical knowledge. Contractors are normally used for major
works.
2.5. Hydrology
The hydrology of the Kor Aet area is covered by the brief report attached here as Appendix 5.
Of particular interest for the FDERP Kor Aet sub-project is the stage hydrograph which shows
the high water level stages. The main problem for the designers is to correlate the hydrological
stage datum level with that used for the topographical surveys. Experience has shown that in
Cambodia the local people have very good reference marks for flood levels experienced during
extreme flood events.
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Chapter 3 - SCOPE OF WORKS
1. Repairs
The proposed reconstruction works as requested by the farmers are as follows:
The reconstruction works as requested by the farmers are the following:
a) Rehabilitation of the four existing dikes by raising crest by 1.0 m and widening by 4.0 m. The
scheme is to let the regular flood water flow to the reservoir area through 3 inlet structures
(the proposed - see below). During maximum flood, the water level should be at least 70 cm
below the crest of the dikes.
b) Construction of three (3) inlet/outlet structures. One existing inlet structure shall be
demolished as part of dyke widening works. This structure shall be relocated near the
terminal point of the proposed new canal adjacent to the west dike. The 2nd structure shall
be located at the top north or beginning of the west dike while the 3rd structure shall be at
the south end of the east dike.
c) Construction of two (2) irrigation canals with length of about I km each and a drainage canal
of about 300 m to discharge excess water in the reservoir during dry season planting.
d) Construction of access road of about 500 m coming from the village connecting to the end
portion of the left embankment of the proposed irrigation canal.
e) Construction of pipe road crossing with stop log across the proposed road to pass the
excess or to retain the water if needed for irrigation. Temporary earth check dam besides
the road crossing may be built by the farmers if needed for using the water.
Based on these requests, the design scheme shall consider a crest elevation at 11.50 m
(survey datum) with an average height of 1.5 m and with 4 m width. The proposed community
access road shall have also 4 m width together with the left embankment of the connecting
irrigation canal. Roads will be provided with laterite surfacing.
2. Cost estimate
From the above design option, the total estimated cost is $471,930.00 without contingencies,
which is a little more than the initial rough estimates.
The items of work included in the bill:
Compacted fill to canal, dyke embankment and road
Canal excavation
Laterite surfacing
Grass sodding
Minor concrete structures
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3. Photos
The following photos show the existing conditions of the Kor Aetdykes that form the reservoir
and structures.
East dyke Southside dyke
Location of proposed canal Culvert to be demolished; replacement in new location
Proposed access road to site Kor Aet FWUG meeting
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Chapter 4 - SUB-PROJECT SCREENING
1. Resettlement
The Kor Aet sub-project works selected for emergency reconstruction comprise repair of the
dyke embankments and some inlet structures, two canals and village access road. The flood
protection dyke was constructed in 2000. It is observed that the villagers have farmed inside
and outside the reservoir. There is no land encroachment, affected structure or household as
well as small business to be found in the Right of Way (ROW) of Kor Aet sub-project area. No
land acquisition is required for this sub-project intervention. In short, there is no involuntary
resettlement impact found at this pre-detailed design stage from the proposed repairs to the Kor
Aet scheme.
1.1. Resettlement Impact Categorization Check-list
The resettlement impact check-list is included in Appendix 1 and confirms that there are no
involuntary resettlement impacts and that the project interventions are within the Category C for
resettlement as per the SPS.
The Screening for Resettlement Categorization was conducted on the 16th
of August 2012 by
the national Resettlement Specialist accompanied by other team members including design
engineers.
After reviewing the answers above the resettlement check-list with the project team, it has been
agreed that the sub-project Kor Aet is confirmed as a Category C for resettlement, and
therefore, no Resettlement Plan (RP) is needed for Kor Aet sub-project since the infrastructural
improvements will not cause any resettlement or land acquisition impact.
2. Environment
The Kor Aet subproject of the CW5 proposed procurement package (PP) was subjected to
environmental screening process using ADB’s Classification System. Based on SPS 2009, a
project category is evaluated by the category of its most environmentally sensitive component,
including direct, indirect, cumulative, and induced impacts in the project’s area of influence. The
subprojects are classified according to the following Categories:
1 Category A. A proposed subproject is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant
adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented. These
impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works.
2 Category B. A proposed subproject is classified as category B if its potential adverse
environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts
are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures
can be designed more readily than for category A projects.
3 Category C. A proposed subproject is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or
no adverse environmental impacts.
However, for FDERP Output 3 the project has designated all Stage 3 sub-projects to be
Category B irrespective of actual screening (ADB PAM).
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2.1. Environmental Assessment Check-list
The Environmental Assessment Checklist for Irrigation Infrastructure is included here in
Appendix 2 and confirms that the sub-project interventions have minimal or no adverse
environmental impacts.
Based on the rapid environmental assessment conducted, sensitive areas such as cultural
heritage site, protected area, wetland, mangrove, estuarine and buffer zone of protected area
are not adjacent or within the project area. During construction, impacts on occupational health
and safety, noise and vibration, and solid waste disposal are expected, however, these are
minimal and short term in which mitigation measures can be readily formulated and be
implemented. Hence, Kor Aet subproject of CW5 most likely should be classified as Category C
as per the SPS. However, the project has designated all FDERP Output 3 Stage 3 sub-projects
to be Category B and in conformance with this edict an environmental assessment will be
prepared. The requisite Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared and is
attached here as Appendix 4.
The general Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is included as part of the Special
Provisions of the Specification and Performance Requirement (Section V) in the NCB
documents for the FDEP-MOWRAM procurement contracts for civil works. The Contractor will
incorporate the EMP in his planning and will be required to prepare an EMP and report
periodically.
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Chapter 5 - CONCLUSIONS
1. Screening
The Kor Aet sub-project emergency reconstruction is not new infrastructure, it will not change
pre flood hydrology and conforms to the FDERP criteria for selection as provided in the ADB
project documents2, principally it is an irrigation (flood spreading) facility that has been damaged
by the consecutive floods of recent years and the scheme is managed by an existing
FWUC/FWUG.
A sub-project review has confirmed that there are no involuntary resettlement impacts and
confirm that the project interventions are within the Category C for resettlement.
The Kor Aet sub-project is not situated in a protected area and there will be no change in
downstream impacts. Short term environmental impacts may occur during the construction
phase. Pre-flood O&M measures will be maintained by the already well established FWUG.
Average repair costs will amount to less than $1,000 per ha of gross area (agricultural lands)
protected after repairs and following project criteria3
may proceed without having to verify the
economic viability.
2. Proposed interventions
The proposed interventions described above will be defined in detailed design and based on the
topographic survey recently carried out.
Typical cross-sections for the embankment works are included here in Appendix 3.
2PAM Annex 1; ‘Selection Criteria for Sub-projects’, March 2012
3Threshold for average repair costs of US$1,000 per ha; PAM Annex 1 Selection Criteria for
sub-projects.
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Appendix 1 Involuntary Resettlement Impact Check-list
Kor Aet Sub-project
Involuntary Resettlement EffectsYes No Not
known
Remarks
Information on Project areas and Involuntary Acquisition of Land
1. Will there be land acquisition?
2. Is the site for land acquisition known? NA4
3. Is the ownership status and current usage of the landto be acquired known?
NA
4. Will easement be utilized within an existing Right ofWay (ROW)?
5. Will there be loss of shelter and residential land due toland acquisition? NA
6. Will there be loss of agricultural and other productiveassets due to land acquisition? NA
7. Will there be loss of crops, trees, and fixed assets dueto land acquisition? NA
8. Will there be loss of businesses or enterprises due toland acquisition? NA
9. Will there be loss of income sources and means oflivelihoods due to land acquisition NA
The retention dike lies
within the existing ROW
of the dike which is the
property of RGC.
Involuntary restriction on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas
10. Will people loss access to natural resources,communal facilities and services?
11. If land use is changed, will it have an adverse impacton social and economic activities?
12. Will access to land and resources owned communallyor by the state be restricted?
Information on Displaced Persons:
Any estimate of the likely number of persons that will be displaced by theproject?If YES, approximately how many?
[NA] No Yes
Are any of them poor, Female-headed of household, or vulnerable to povertyrisks?
[NA] No Yes
Are there any displaced persons from endogenous or ethnic minority groups? [NA] No Yes
4NA: Not applicable
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Appendix 2 Screening for environmental impacts – Kor Aet
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
A. PROJECT SITING
IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO ORWITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?
PROTECTED AREAX No cultural heritage sites are
adjacent to or within the subprojects
area
WETLANDX
MANGROVE X
ESTUARINE X
BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA X
SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTINGBIODIVERSITY X
There are no environmentally
sensitive areas within the subproject
area.
B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…
loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result ofencroachment into forests/swamplands orhistorical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption ofhydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding,and drainage hazards)?
X No loss in ecological values as the
subproject is to repair the existing
dykes and canal to the pre-flood
conditions within existing and long
established flood spreading irrigation
scheme
conflicts in water supply rights and related socialconflicts? X Water User Group (WUG) has been
already established and confirmed to
be working effectively to operate and
maintain the scheme. (project
selection criteria requirement).
Conflict resolution is included in the
FWUC strengthening.
impediments to movements of people andanimals? X No impediment expected for dyke
and canal rehabilitation, but is for the
road rehabilitation. If necessary
temporary bypass will be provided to
local people and animal passage
during construction and as specified
in contract documents
potential ecological problems due to increased soilerosion and siltation, leading to decreased streamcapacity?
X Scheme facilities do not impact any
streams (flood spreading system).
Repairs include grass sodding bank
protection to reduce erosion risk.
Good construction practices to
mitigate soil erosion and silt runoff
are included in specification.
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Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion?X No salinity issues are expected at
any sites
over pumping of groundwater, leading tosalinization and ground subsidence? X Not expected as ground water will not
be used.
impairment of downstream water quality andtherefore, impairment of downstream beneficialuses of water?
X Scheme facilities do not impact any
streams (flood spreading system)
dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?X No IR impacts envisioned. The works
will be carried out only within the
existing embankments. Fill materials
will be taken from existing reservation
area or existing designated borrow
pits/quarries.
disproportionate impacts on the poor, women andchildren, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerablegroups?
X The subproject will not affect
indigenous people or other
vulnerable groups.
potential social conflicts arising from land tenureand land use issues? X The reconstruction works are to
restore the existing dykes, canal to
the pre-flood conditions. Thus, there
will be no conflict on land use.
soil erosion before compaction and lining ofcanals? X Good construction practices to
mitigate soil erosion before
compaction are specified. Work is
planned for dry season.
noise from construction equipment?X
dust during construction?X
Some dust and noise is expected
during construction but impacts will
be temporary and short in duration. In
addition, construction activities are
far from residential area. Good
construction practices to mitigate
noise and dust are included in
specifications.
waterlogging and soil salinization due toinadequate drainage and farm management? X The scheme is a lowland flood
spreading irrigation for paddy rice.
During construction, temporary
channel will be constructed to allow
adequate water flow if necessary.
leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soilcharacteristics due to excessive application ofirrigation water?
X The reconstruction works are to
restore the existing retention dyke
and canal to the pre-flood conditions.
Soils characteristics will not be
changed compared to pre-flood
irrigation practice conditions which
consists of paddy rice cultivation,
mostly in wet season
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
reduction of downstream water supply during peakseasons? X There is no water flow in dry season,
scheme is based on flood spreading.
soil pollution, polluted farm runoff andgroundwater, and public health risks due toexcessive application of fertilizers and pesticides?
X No change compared to pre-flood
conditions.
soil erosion (furrow, surface)?X No change from pre-flood conditions.
Bunded rice paddy irrigation will be
practiced on land without slope.
scouring of canals?X No scouring of canal is expected as
the repair works will not affect the
existing pre-flood conditions. Canals
have no slope in this flood plain.
clogging of canals by sediments?X No clogging of canal is expected as
the repair works will not affect the
existing pre-flood conditions. Designs
call for grass sodding of banks.
clogging of canals by weeds?X No clogging of canal is expected as
the repair works will not affect the
existing pre-flood conditions. The
channels are dry in dry season.
Vegetation is fed to animals. O&M
procedures are included in FWUC
strengthening plan.
seawater intrusion into downstream freshwatersystems? X Not applicable.
introduction of increase in incidence of waterborneor water related diseases? X The reconstruction works are to
restore the existing embankment,
and canal to the pre-flood conditions.
dangers to a safe and healthy workingenvironment due to physical, chemical andbiological hazards during project construction andoperation?
X Contractor is obliged to conform to
safety standards for protection of
public and workers through a Health
Safety Plan. No chemical, biological
and radiological hazards are
expected during construction and
operation. Only natural materials
such as soils or laterites will be used.
No chemicals will be used.
large population influx during project constructionand operation that causes increased burden onsocial infrastructure and services (such as watersupply and sanitation systems)?
X The number of non-local workers will
be small in number. If necessary,
construction contractors will be
required to provide a worker’s camp
with independent basic facilities.
social conflicts if workers from other regions orcountries are hired? X Priority in labor employment will be
given to local residents and non-local
workers will be small in number
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood Control
Screening Questions Yes No Remarks
risks to community health and safety due to thetransport, storage, and use and/or disposal ofmaterials such as explosives, fuel and otherchemicals during construction and operation?
X No explosives and chemicals will be
used for the subprojects.
community safety risks due to both accidental andnatural hazards, especially where the structuralelements or components of the project (e.g.,irrigation dams) are accessible to members of theaffected community or where their failure couldresult in injury to the community throughout projectconstruction, operation and decommissioning?
X Construction area will be clearly
demarcated and access controlled.
Only workers and project staff will be
allowed to enter the operational sites.
The emergency reconstruction works
are of small scale
Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions
The following questions are not for environmental
categorization. They are included in this checklist to
help identify potential climate and disaster risks.
Yes No Remarks
Is the Project area subject to hazards such asearthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclonewinds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptionsand climate changes?
X Not Applicable
Could changes in temperature, precipitation, orextreme events patterns over the Project lifespanaffect technical or financial sustainability (e.g.,increased glacial melt affect delivery volumes ofirrigated water; sea level rise increases salinitygradient such that source water cannot be usedfor some or all of the year)?
X Not Applicable
Are there any demographic or socio-economicaspects of the Project area that are alreadyvulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalizedpopulations, rural-urban migrants, illegalsettlements, ethnic minorities, women orchildren)?
X Not Applicable
Could the Project potentially increase the climateor disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area(e.g., by diverting water in rivers that furtherincreases salinity upstream, or encouragingsettlement in earthquake zones)?
X Not Applicable
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 28Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood ControlVersion 2
Appendix 3 Sketches of proposed emergency repairs
Figure 1 - Section of the dikes from the east side to the north side
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 29Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood ControlVersion 2
Figure 2 – Sections of the dike from the west side to the south side
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 30Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and Flood ControlVersion 2
Figure 3 – Section of the proposed irrigation canal connecting to the proposed road
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 31Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl Version 2
Appendix 4 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
Institutional ResponsibilitiesProject Phase Project Activity
Potential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Implement Monitor
1) Loss of trees (during site
clearing and quarrying of
construction materials)
On the design stage, ensure that there areacceptable alternative borrow pit areas thatwould have an overall beneficial advantage interms of improved livelihood and reducedenvironmental impact.
TA Consultant, IA/EA TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
1.Pre-Construction Detailed Engineering Design
2) Damage to existing structures The design should maximize benefits or avoidimpacts on assets. Resettlement framework forthe Project and Cambodian laws, policies, andregulations should be complied with.
TA Consultant, IA/EA TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
3) Risk of land mine or UXO Consultative meetings with local communitiesare necessary to know clearly where there arerisks of mines or UXO. Unsafe areas should becleared before project implementation.
TA Consultant, IA/EA TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
2. Construction Earthworks, site clearing,
hauling of construction
materials, piling works,
Operation of construction/
workers’ camps, borrow
operation, hauling of
construction wastes to spoil
sites
4) Dust generation The Contractor will be required to formulate andimplement a Dust Abatement Program thatincludes spraying of water on embankment/dykeused as roads and work areas within villagesclose to the road.
Vehicles transporting materials should becovered with tarpaulin or similar material
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
5) Noise and vibration The Contractor should ensure that constructionactivities within 100m of a village or town shouldbe limited between 12 PM to 2 PM and at night
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 32Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl Version 2
Institutional ResponsibilitiesProject Phase Project Activity
Potential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Implement Monitor
time.
Provide enclosures/barriers on major worksbeing undertaken on sensitive areas.
6) Water contamination Waste/used oil should be collected, properlystored and disposed to an approved site(according to national standard). Storage shouldbe in drums raised off the ground and properlycovered to keep rain water out. Lining or panshould be provided to contain any spills andsimplify clean up.
The Contractor shall prepare a SpillManagement Plan (including measures to betaken and equipment to be used) to ensureadequate cleanup of any spills.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
7) Water-borne disease Fill-up depressed areas to prevent water pondingwhich may be used as breeding ground fordisease- carrying organisms mosquitoes
Borrow pits may be utilized for aquaculture or bedeveloped as water reservoir for community use.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
8) Loss of agricultural land for
borrow pits
The contractor will use only licensed borrowoperators. There will be no side borrowpermitted, unless agreed to withembankment/dyke side residents.
The contractor will be responsible forrehabilitating any borrow sites opened and
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 33Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl Version 2
Institutional ResponsibilitiesProject Phase Project Activity
Potential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Implement Monitor
operated by them.
9) Loss of trees Tree clearing should be avoided as much aspossible;
The borrow pits will need to be re-vegetatedbefore being handed back to the owner, or couldbe used for aquaculture.
Tree planting should be carried out in theappropriate location of the embankment/dyke.Coordinate with MoE regarding the species oftrees to be used.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
10) Soil erosion The contractor will be required to implement soilerosion control to minimize soil erosion andsedimentation of waterways. The alternativeapproaches should be: (1) provide adequatecross drainage to avoid over flow or flooding and(2) re-vegetation of erosion-prone areas.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA,
CSC (FWUC)
11) Generation of domestic wastes Sufficient garbage containers should be providedin construction camps and work sites
Employ regular disposal of waste in an approvedlandfill or site
Maintain cleanliness/orderliness at camps andwork sites
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 34Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl Version 2
Institutional ResponsibilitiesProject Phase Project Activity
Potential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Implement Monitor
12) Safety and Health
The Contractor should formulate and implementa Health and Safety Plan to protect both thepublic and the workers. A trained first aidpersonnel and health facility should be providedon site.
Provide potable water and sanitary facilities toworkers
Install warning signs like “safety first” at theconstruction area including fences or enclosures
Provide Protective Personal Equipment (PPE) toworkers e.g. safety shoes, hardhats, earplugs,etc.
The Contractor should implement a Health andSafety Plan to protect both the public and theworkers during cutting branch of big trees.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA
12) Traffic congestion Contractor should perform the following: i) orienttheir drivers or equipment operators to complywith the required speed limit. (ii) drive at lowspeeds, especially in market, school, hospital,urban areas. (iii) keep the roadway or bypassaccessible to commuters to avoid traffic jams.(iv) park at designated area.
Provide appropriate storage area for theconstruction materials.
Detour road should be provided and accessibleto commuters
Contractor/in
coordination with the sub-
district officials
TA Consultant, IA/EA
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 35Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl Version 2
Institutional ResponsibilitiesProject Phase Project Activity
Potential Environmental
ImpactsProposed Mitigation Measures
Implement Monitor
Temporary access of equipment and trucks mustbe established and approved by the sub-districtofficials
13) Transmission of sexuallytransmitted disease (HIV)
Prepare and implement a Health and Safety Planincluding education of workers on sexuallytransmitted disease.
Contractor TA Consultant, IA/EA
14) Generation of employment The contractor should comply with the Labor and
Gender Action Plan; employed people fromvillages including women and unskilled workers.
Contractor IA/EA , local authorities
3.Operation Phase Use of hydraulic facilities,15) Accident, social conflicts
Provide warning signs on accident-prone pointssuch as spillways, especially near schools,hospitals and market areas.
Provide signs on the specialty structures to avoidparking. Prohibit setting up of food stalls etc.
Contractor, PDWRAM /
FWUC
MOWTRAM/PDWRAM,
local authorities, FWUC
16) Social conflicts, facility andwater use conflict
Prepare the FWUG and FWUC TA Consultant, IA/EA ,
FWUC, PDWRAM, Local
authority
MOWTRAM/PDWRAM,
local authorities, FWUC
Egis Eau Sub-project Profile-KOR AET
Page 36Flood Damage Emergency Reconstruction Project – Output 3: Irrigation and FloodControl Version 2
Appendix 5 Hydrology
A – Hydrological and flood hazard in sub‐area
2. Hydrological and flood hazard in Kor Aet
2.1. Catchment Characteristics
Kor Aet area, see Figure 2.1, located in Kampong Cham province, West of Mekong
River and East of Tonle Sap River in between floodplain of those two river. There are 80 ha
with Kor Aet catchment area in which 640 ha are irrigation area for recession rice in dry
season inside and outside the ring dyke.
Figure 2.1 Kor Aet Layout Catchment area.
This area was flood plain dyke that has been building since 1973. The dyke was made
repaired during the Flood Emergency Project. It function is to store water during the flood
season to irrigate recession rice for both inside and outside ring dyke.
There’s 99% of Kor Aet is low land with elevation mostly between 7 and 10 masl and the
highest elevation is 130 masl. The area is characterized by plate and large floodplain with
gentile slopes.
Rainfall
The rainy season started in Cambodia in mid‐May and lasts until end of October. The mean annual
rainfall varies from 1100 mm to more than 4000 mm.
In the northern region, the mean annual rainfall varies from 1100 mm to 1800 mm.
In the northeastern region: 1800 mm to 2500 mm
At Bokor near Kampot: 4650 mm
Figure 2.2 Annual Rainfalls at Kampong Chhnang.
Temperature
The variation of the mean annual temperature over Cambodia is very small.
The mean maximal temperature in April 35°C
The mean minimal temperature in December 20°C
Humidity
The mean annual humidity over Cambodia varies in a narrow range among 75% at Phnom
Penh, to about 80% at Sihanouk Ville.
The mean seasonal variation of humidity at Phnom Penh is from 66% to 85%.
Evaporation
The observations on evaporation in Cambodia are mostly made with the Pich evaporimeter
and to a limited extend with the evaporation pan. The annual observation made by Pich
evaporimeter varies from 1020 mm to 1470 mm. At Phnom Penh mean annual evaporation
is 1348 mm
Water resources
Cambodia has a unique hydrological system. The Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake are
connected by Tonle Sap River which twice a year reverse its stream direction. From July to
October, when the Mekong level is higher, water is pushed up in the Tonle Sap Lake (great
Lake), thereby increasing the size of the Lake. The storage capacity of the Tonle Sap Lake is
estimated at 72 cubic kilometer.
At the start of November when the Mekong level decreases, the Tonle Sap Lake stream
reverses itself and water flow from the Tonle Sap Lake to the Mekong River, and finally the
Mekong delta.
Figure 2.3 River systems in Cambodia.
Hydro‐meteorological analysis and Flood in flood plain
In year 2000 the flooding of the Mekong River was more serious than previous year, in fact
more serious than 1991, 1995, 1996, 1999 especially 1996. The rainfall of 2000 was
generally good enough for rice production and other crop, but unfortunately the rainfall
pattern was quite different from the previous year (see Table 2.1)
Table 2.1: Kampong Chhnang Meteorological station, Comparison of rainfall quantity (mm)
Flood plain
This flood is characterized by the conveyance and storage of the flood in the Mekong and its flood
plain downstream Kampong Cham to Phnom Penh, inclusive of flooding around Tonle Sap Lake and
the inflow to and outflow from the lake via the Tonle Sap River. The spreading of water over the vast
flood plain depends on the spill levels of the rivers, the flood plain conveyance in relation with the
road infrastructure and existence and dimension of embankments.
With Kor Aet study area is a floodplain, to develop an effective flood proofing scheme for
infrastructure or a facilities, several hydrologic factors must be evaluated. Those are related to the
regulatory flood plain boundaries and the anticipated flooding characteristics for the site such as
flood velocity, duration, depth, rate of rise, and frequency. This type of hydrologic data has to be
determined by hydrodynamic model due to an observation data is not available in the flood plain
area.
The daily water level shows highest level occurs in year 2000 at Kor Aet ‐ flood plain area in 22
September is 10.15m; water level in this flood plain has difference from previous year. Analysis on
hydrograph at Kor Aet (see Figure 2.4) it represents of the water level in the flood plain.
Figure 2.4: Daily water level at Kor Aet
From June, the Mekong level is increased partly stream flow to Tonle Sap Lake and the
nearby floodplain area as shown in Kor Aet flood plain long term mean monthly hydrograph
started to rise up in June and maximum mean monthly in September and October, around
10.00 m, then slowly decrease in November see Figure 2.5
Figure 2.5 Mean monthly hydrograph at Kor Aet
From June until 22 September 2000 water level increase 0.04m/d in average. If compare
with previous 16 years maximum water level in this year is higher (see Table 2.2)
Table 2.2: Comparison water level at Kor Aet
From June to 22 September 2000 water level in Kor Aet area increased until 10.15m, if
compare with the year 1999 in the same day this water level above 1.18m (see Figure 2.6).
This water level affected by rainfall in flood plain area this related to climate factor changed
impact, its cause to change weather condition. In connection with this maximum water
level, the flood duration is much longer than previous year, totally 173 days length more
than one month longer if compare with year 1999.
Figure 2.6: Hydrograph at Kor Aet
Water level in Kor Aet flood plain has been increasing in beginning June to the end of July and stable
in late August about 8.50m if compare with long term average then increase again in September
2000 until maximum criteria from 22 September and smooth increasing up to 10.15m (see Figure
2.6).
Flood frequency analyses were carried out using an annual series of peak level from 16 years of
simulation (1985‐2000). The Log‐Pearson probability distribution was used to fit those 16 annual
peak series. Then, the peak flood frequency magnitudes, which are expected to be applied for dyke
design, were computed by means of method of moments and shown in Table 2.3 and Figure 2.7.
Table 2.3: Flood Frequency Analysis
Figure 2.7: Flood frequency analyses
Conclusion
The absence of any hydrological records for the study areas, the very limited stream flow data
and the generally short rainfall records are serious constraints upon hydrological study. It
introduces a large measure of uncertainty and risk to conclusions and recommendations.
The approach used has been to apply a theoretical river catchment model (iSIS), verify the
predictions of the model as far as is possible against field observations for hydrological insight
and analysis of the flood even or related matter within the catchment. Based on monthly
average or flood frequency analysis computed from the simulation, it is clear that any design of
dyke height again maximum water level could be done for small scale of protected area in flood
plain.
The frequency analysis was carried out using an annual series of peak level from 16 years of
simulation. The Log‐Pearson type III probability distribution was applied to compute the flood level
as it provided the best fit to the data. Therefore, it is recommended that dyke design is based upon
the reported flood frequency analysis.