flow distribution and turbulent heat transfer in a hexagonal rod … · 2009. 12. 18. · 1 karsten...
TRANSCRIPT
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1 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Flow distribution and turbulent heat transfer in ahexagonal rod bundle experiment
K. Litfin, A. Batta, A. G. Class,T. Wetzel, R. Stieglitz
Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyInstitute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies
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2 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Introduction Liquid metal cooled reactors (ADS)Motivation• Minimization of radiotoxicity of long lived
fission products (Am,Cu,Np,..)
Realisation options• Accelerator Driven Systems• Fast critical reactors
Heavy liquid metal (Pb or LBE) as coolant• High neutron production rate• low reactivity
Open issues• Turbulent liquid heat transfer of HLM
along fuel pins and bundles
Sketch of ADS
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3 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Experimental overview:Experimental campaign at KALLA in the framework of IP-EUROTRANS:• LBE single rod experiment
• Heat transfer for forced, mixed and buoyant convection• Test of heater performance• Validation and qualification of measurement techniques
• Water rod bundle experiment• Pressure drop in subchannels / rod bundle area• Fluid-structure-interaction (flow induced vibrations)• Validation and qualification of measurement techniques• 2dim flow distribution in sub channels (turbulent mixing)
• LBE rod bundle experiment• Pressure drop in subchannels / rod bundle area• Temperature distribution of the rod bundle in the forced convection regime• Heat transfer of the hexagonal rod bundle geometry
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4 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
ADS Fuel assembly design
FootHead
Flow equilizer & straightenerTest section
FootUpper plenum
InletFuel pin
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113
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67
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68
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71
118117
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72
120119
1 6 5
73
7475124
125
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126127
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132133
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97
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99
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629190
7170
7372
47
48
3837
7574
27
49
4039
7776
28
50
4241
7978
29
51
3433
3635
1312
1514
12
13
43
1716
4
1444
18
8143
15
4620
8345
3062
1131
929
210
10
36
1
195
1
5
2627
78
223
24
2122
7
6
5051
4849
1889
90
8788
3457
56
16
6968
46
3264
2860
5425
852
53
1991
92
35
67
65
63
61
575595
47
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Parameter PDS-XADS Experiment MYRRAHDesign of FA hexagonal hexagonal hexagonalTotal Power 0.775 MW 0.43 MW 1.466 MWNumber of fuel pins 90 19 91Pin diameter 8.5 mm 8.2 mm 6.55 mmPitch 13.41 mm 11.48 mm 8.55 mmP/D ratio 1.57 1.4 1.3Pin length 1272 mm 1272 mm 1200 mmActive height 870 mm 870 mm 600 mmNr. of grid spacers 3 3 3coolant mean velocity 0.42 m/s 2 m/s 2.5 m/smass flow ~ 40 kg/s ~ 26 kg/s ~ 71 kg/ssub channel area 9330 mm² 1260 mm² 2760 mm²mean heat flux 38 W/cm² 100 W/cm² 131 W/cm²Inlet temperature ~ 300 °C ~ 300 °C ~ 200 °Coutlet temperature ~ 400 °C ~ 415 °C ~ 337 °C
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5 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
LBE Single rod experimentExperiment carried out atLBE Loop Thesys 2
Technology forHeavy Liquid MetalSystems 2nd Version
• Medium: Pb45Bi55• Inventory: 222 l• Flow rate: 2 - 14 m³/h• Diameter: 60 mm • 4 different flowmeterAccuracy + 0,5%
• Oxygen control
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6 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
• Single rod layout:• Total power 22,4 kW• heated length 870 mm• Power density 100 W/cm²• Rod diameter dr 8,2 mm• Tube diameter D 60 mm
• Measurement Range:• Temperature 200°C - 400°C• Velocity 0 -1.6 m/s• Prantl 0,016 - 0,03• Reynolds 5·104 - 5,6·105
Results will be presented in Talk 6-16 "Turbulent liquid metal heat transfer along a heated rod within an annular cavity"
Thermocouplespacer
LBE Single rod experiment
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7 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Water rod bundle experiment
Technical details:• Temperature 20°C - 100°C • Flow rate 130 m³/h• Pressure 14,7 bar• H2O inventory 8 m³
• Water rod bundle design identical with LBE rod bundle except for PMMA in active Zone needed for LDA measurements
• Isothermal experiment• Measurement Range:
Velocity: 0.1 - 10 m/s Reynolds: 103 - 9·104
Experiment carried out atKALLA water loop
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8 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Pressure measurements• Fast pressure sensors Pa to Pg for component specific pressure loss, flow metering and vibration measurements
Temperature measurements• Static temperature sensors T1 and T2 for overall temperature change
LDA velocity measurements• LDA1 downstream venturi nozzle for inlet conditions• LDA2 upstream fist spacer for lateral flow distribution
due to the bundle• LDA3 downstream 2nd spacer for lateral redistribution
UDV velocity measurements• Measurement in each sub Channel type
Water rod bundle experiment
InletOutlet
FootHead Flow equilizer & straightenerTest sectionPg
Pa
Pd,c,b
Pf,e
spacer positionLDA3 LDA1LDA2
UDV
T1T2u0
u0
u0
g
Sensor instrumentation:
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9 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000Re
Loss
coe
fficie
nt CD
Measured Spacer Loss CoefficientCalculated Spacer loss coefficient
Water rod bundle experimentMeasurements of pressure loss Pa to Pg in different configurations to characterize loss coefficient of • Inlet section with foot and riser• Flow straightener• Test section• Spacer
2.58 bar0.38 bar0.66 bar0.60 barExp Pressure loss
5.70.78----Loss coefficient
SpacerFlow straightner
Test section
Inlet section
Experimental results of pressure loss measurementsat max velocity of 10m/s (Re 88.000)
InletOutlet
FootHead
Flow equilizer Test section
Pg
Pa
Pd,c,b
Pf,e
spacer positionLDA
3LDA
1LDA
2
UDVT1
T2u0
u0u0
g
Loss coefficient of the test section
Loss coefficient of the spacer
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0 20.000 40.000 60.000 80.000 100.000Re
Loss
coe
fficie
nt CD
Measured Test Section Loss CoefficientCalculated Test section loss coefficient
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10 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Water rod bundle experimentComparing experimental results: • Simple calculation of loss coefficient for used spacer given by average blockage ratio calculates a loss coefficient of 0.65
a
b
fe
d
g
25.0 upCD ⋅⋅
∆=ρ
2
7
⋅=AAC SD
2.21 bar2.26 bar2.58 barTest section pressure loss 0.20 bar0.20 bar0.38 barSpacer pressure loss LBE Exp 300°CLBE Exp 200°CH2O Exp.
• Calculated pressure losses for water and lbe experiment:
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11 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Water rod bundle experimentCFD of the test section area
Calculated pressure loss of the spacer geometry agrees very well with measured pressure loss.
CFD 1/6 of the test section with modelled spacers(1.2M cells, kε model)
InletOutlet
FootHead
Flow equilizerTest section
Pg
Pa
Pd,c,b
Pf,e
spacer positionLDA
3LDA
1LDA
2
UDVT1
T2u0
u0u0
g
calculated pressure loss of the test section near a spacer
0.40 Bar
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12 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Water rod bundle experiment
1,0E-10
1,0E-09
1,0E-08
1,0E-07
1,0E-06
1,0E-05
1,0E-04
0,1 1,0 10,0 100,0Frequency [Hz]
Amplitud
e
dp103
dg
Measurements of pressure loss on inlet and test section area with high time resolution:
• Negligible influence of flow induced vibrations onto the experimental setup.
FFT of the time resolved pressure of the test section
-0,1
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
-2,0 -1,5 -1,0 -0,5 0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0Time [s]
Amplitud
e
dp101 103
Cross correlation calculation of the time resolved pressure of the inlet and test section
ab dg
InletOutlet
FootHead
Flow equilizerTest section
Pg
Pa
Pd,c,b
Pf,e
spacer positionLDA
3LDA
1LDA
2
UDVT1
T2u0
u0u0
g
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13 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Water rod bundle experiment
0,00
0,20
0,40
0,60
0,80
1,00
1,20
1,40
1,60
-1 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1rel. distance
u/u m
ean
Re = 5.000Re = 8.000Re = 10.000Re =26.000
LDA
LDA Measurements of 1d velocity downstream the venturi nozzle at the end of the flow straightening section :
• Symmetric flow distribution, flow conditionning works more reliable compared to the single rod experiment.
Normalized velocity profile downstream the venturi nozzle at the end of the flow straightening section
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14 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Water rod bundle experiment
LDA
CFD of the velocity profile at the end of the flow straightening section:
Velocity profile downstream the venturi nozzle at the end of the flow straightening section with Re 8000. (cfd with 960.000 cells , kεmodel)
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15 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Water rod bundle experiment
LDA
• 1d Measurements of the velocity profile in the testsection area:
1d velocity profile at the beginning of the testsection (5m/s Re 38000)
• 2d Measurements of the velocity profile in the testsection area are planned.• Additional cfd planned.
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16 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
16 Thomas Wetzel, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 15.09.2009
LBE rod bundle experiment
LBE rod bundle experiment
Technical details:• Temperature 190°C - 450°C • Flow rate 47 m³/h• Pressure 5,9 bar• Test ports 3• Usable height 3405 mm• O2 Control �• LBE-Inventory 4 m³ (42 to)• Tube diameter 107mm
Experiment to be carried out atLBE Loop THEADES(THErmalhydraulics and Ads DESign)
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17 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
17 Thomas Wetzel, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 15.09.2009
Pressure measurements• Fast pressure sensors for component specific pressure loss, flow metering and vibration measurements.
• Pitot tube for pressure distribution in sub channels
LBE rod bundle experiment
InletOutlet
FootHead Flow equilizer & straightenerP P
Pd,c,b
P T
Tu0
u0
g
u0
Test section
moveable TC-SpacerTC-Spacer
spacer position
TC-Pinfixer
P P P
Sensor instrumentation:
Temperature measurements• Static temperature sensors T for overall temperature change
• Fast TC equipped spacer and Pinfixer for subchannel and rod surface temperature distribution
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18 Karsten Litfin, FR09, 08.12.2009KIT – die Kooperation vonForschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHund Universität Karlsruhe (TH)
KArlsruhe Liquid metal LAboratoryKALLA
Conclusions• Single rod experiments show a large influence of buoyancy on the velocity profile even at relatively high Reynolds Numbers while the temperature field is less influenced. This yields to an enhanced heat removal.
• Currently used Nusselt correlations are rather conservative.
• Water rod bundle experiments show very good agreement of measured pres-sure loss with numerical predictions in the fully turbulent flow regime whereas in the transitional regime secondary flow leads to a rising loss coefficient
• Measurements show negligible flow induced vibrations onto the setup
• LBE rod bundle experiments will be conducted soon and hopefully give new insights onto the heat transfer.
Acknowlegement• The work is supported in the framework of the IP-EUROTRANS project; contract number FI6W-CT-2004-516520