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\ARZBJZ

"dfibsagudfrpaysbjs.bi" 6

@M^BC DNJAFIBJZ

CN@ BIB SBKI K@ @M^BCSan tnrd `mubc rn`nrs tk f suestfijn taft jfi `mkw fic ckns ikt afvn f safpn k` bts kwi. @kr

nxfdpmn mbqubc fic hfsns.

@mubc bijmucns prkpnrty (F) Cnisbty (E) Pbsjksbty (J) Eumg dkcumus k` nmfstbjbty (C) prnssurn(N) spnjb`bj hrfvbty

\UNZZ^UN BI @M^BCSan prnssurn p bs cn`binc fs tan dfhibtucn k` tan ikrdfm ` krjn fjtbih ki f uibt sur`fjn frnf.

\ 4F

@

@ 4 ikrdfm `krjn ki f sur`fjn frnf F.

San prnssurn bs f sjfmfr qufitbty. Sabs bs enjfusn aycrkstftbj prnssurn bs trfisdbttnc nqufmmy bi

fmm cbrnjtbkis wani `krjn bs fppmbnc, wabja sakws taft f cn`bibtn cbrnjtbki bs ikt fsskjbftnc wbta

prnssurn.

Sarust.San tktfm `krjn nxnrtnc ey f mbqubc ki fiy sur`fjn bi jkitfjt wbta bt bs jfmmnc tarust k` tan mbqubc.

JKIZNV^NIJNZ K@ \UNZZ^UN(b) Ufbmwfy trfjgs frn mfbc ki mfrhn sbznc wkkcni kr brki smnnpnrs. Sabs bs enjfusn tan wnbhat (`krjn)

k` tan trfbi bs sprnfc kvnr f mfrhn frnf k` tan smnnpnr. Sabs rncujns tan prnssurn fjtbih ki tan

hrkuic fic anijn prnvnits tan ybnmcbih k` hrkuic uicnr tan wnbhat k` tan trfbi.

(bb) F safrp gib`n bs dkrn n``njtbvn bi juttbih tan keonjts tafi f emuit gib`n.

San prnssurn nxnrtnc 4 @krjn/frnf. San safrp gib`n trfisdbts `krjn kvnr f sdfmm frnf fs

jkdpfrnc tk tan emuit gib`n. Anijn tan prnssurn nxnrtnc bi jfsn k` safrp gib`n bs dkrn tafi bi

jfsn k` emuit gib`n.

(bbb) F jfdnm wfmgs nfsbmy ki sfic eut f dfi jfiikt bispbtn k` tan `fjt taft f jfdnm bs duja anfvbnr

tafi dfi.

Sabs bs enjfusn tan frnf k` jfdnms `nnt bs mfrhn fs jkdpfrnc tk dfis `nnt. Zk tan prnssurn

nxnrtnc ey jfdnm ki tan sfic bs vnry sdfmm fs jkdpfrnc tk tan prnssurn nxnrtnc ey dfi. Cun tk

mfrhn prnssurn, sfic uicnr tan `nnt k` dfi ybnmcs fic anijn an jfiikt wfmg nfsbmy ki sfic.

P UB SBKI K@ \UNZZ^UN XBSA ANBHASFs su dp tbki s ? (b ) uifj jn mnrftn c mbqu bc (b b) uib` kr d cnis bty k` mbqubc (b bb ) uib`kr d hr fv bty

Xnbhat k` tan sdfmm nmndnit ca bs efmfijnc ey tan nxjnss prnssurn. Bt dnfisca

cp4h.

\

\f

hcp a

< I bs fppmbnc ki tan wftnr bi tan tabjgnr frd. Xaft `krjn

sakumc en fppmbnc ki tan wftnr bi tan tabiinr frd sk taft tan wftnr dfy rndfbi bi

nqubmberbud;

Zkmutbki ? Bi nqubmberbud, tan prnssurns ft tan twk sur`fjns sakumc en nqufm fs tany mbn bi tan sfdn

akrbzkitfm mnvnm. B` tan ftdkspanrbj prnssurn bs \ fic f `krjn @ bs fppmbnc tk dfbitfbi tan

nqubmberbud, tan prnssurns frn

\ h jd: , fic ft snf mnvnm, h 4 212> 21

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"dfibsagudfrpaysbjs.bi" 3

\ \f

4 h (y5

y6) 4 hy

\ 4 feskmutn prnssurn, \ \f

4 hfuhn prnssurn.

Saus, gikwbih y fic (cnisbty k` mbqubc), wn jfi dnfsurn tan hfuhn prnssurn.

Nxfdpmn 5. S a n d f i k d n t nr s a k w i e n m k w b s u s n c t k d n f s u r n t a n c b ` `n r n i jn b i w f tn r m n v n m

entwnni tan twk tfigs. Jfmjumftn tabs cb``nrnijn `kr tan jkicbtbkis bicbjftnc.

Zkmutbki ? \f

+ a6h 3

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"dfibsagudfrpaysbjs.bi" >

y c5 \

x

c6

\f

F F

Bi J.H.Z.\

f+ 6:.0 5 5> h + 6:.0 50 h 4 \

\f

+ 6:.0 h W>< + 50T 4 \

5\f

4 \ W\f

4 6:.0 h 80T

Nxfdpmn 3. @bic kut prnssurn ft pkbits F fic E. Fmsk `bic fihmn .

Zkmutbki ? \ rnssurn ft F \F

4 \ftd

6

hm sbi\rnssurn ft E \

E4 \

ftd+

5 ha

Eut \E

bs fmsk nqufm tk \E

4 \F

+:

hm sbi Anijn - \

ftd+

5ha 4 \

F+

:hm sbi

\ftd

+5

ha 4 \ftd

6

hm sbi + :

hm sbi

sb i 4)(

a

6:

5

.

Nxfdpmn >. Bi tan hbvni `bhurn, tan jkitfbinr smbcns ckwi wbta fjjnmnrftbki

f ki fi bijmbin k` fihmn . Mbqubc bs stftbkifry wbta rnspnjttk jkitfbinr. @bic kut -

(b) Fihmn dfcn ey sur`fjn k` mbqubc wbta akrbzkitfm pmfin.

(bb) Fihmn b` f 4 h sbi .

Zkmutbki ? Jkisbcnr f `mubc pfrtbjmn ki sur`fjn. San `krjns fjtbih ki bt frn sakwi bi `bhurn.

4

Unsumtfit `krjn fjtbih ki mbqubc sur`fjn, wbmm fmwfys ikrdfm tk bt

tfi 4

sbidfdh

jksdf4

)sbifh(

jksf

Saus fihmn k` mbqubc sur`fjn wbta tan akrbzkitfm bs nqufm tk 4 tfi6)sbifh(

jksf

(bb) B` f 4 h sbi , tani 4 tfi6

5sbihh

jksf 4 tfi6 5jkshjkssbih

4 tfi6 (tfi ) 4

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"dfibsagudfrpaysbjs.bi" 0

Nxfdpmn 0. Xftnr fic mbqubc bs `bmmnc up enabic f squfrn wfmm k` sbcn. @bic kut

(f) \rnssurns ft F, E fic J (e) @krjns bi pfrt FE fic EJ

(j) Sktfm `krjn fic pkbit k` fppmbjftbki k` `krjn. (inhmnjt ftdkspanrn prnssurn bi nvnry

jfmjumftbki)

Zkmutbki ? (f) Fs tanrn bs ik mbqubc fekvn F,

Zk prnssurn ft F, \F

4 + 5.>T + 6 +:

6 8.> 6.05 6< 0 4

:

8>.661 6< 0

Sktfm tkrqun 4:

6.66 8+

:

6.6 84

:

6.6: 8

Sktfm tkrqun 4 tktfm `krjn cbstfijn k` pkbit k` fppmbjftbki k` `krjn `rkd tkp 4 @ . xp

0.5> 6 :

Sktfm tkrqun 431

h62 3+

53

h 34

31

h56 3

Eut @ xp

431

h56 3 p

1

h> :

4

31

h56 3

xp

4: