FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTIONPREHEAT

RAPID-START

INSTANT-START

COLD CATHODE

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

IN A PREHEAT LAMP THE CIRCUIT UTILIZES A SEPARATE STARTER, WHICH IS A SMALL CYLINDRICAL DEVICE THAT PLUGS INTO A PREHEAT FIXTURE. WHEN THE LAMP CIRCUIT IS CLOSED, THE STARTER ENERGIZES THE CATHODES AFTER A 2-5 SECOND DELAY, IT INITIATES A HIGH VOLTAGE ARC ACROSS THE LAMP, CAUSING IT TO START.

PREHEAT LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTIONPREHEAT

RAPID-START

INSTANT-START

COLD CATHODE

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

RAPID-START LAMPS

IN A RAPID-START LAMP THE CIRCUIT ELIMINATES THE DELAY INHERENT IN PREHEAT CIRCUITS BY KEEPING THE CATHODE CONSTANTLY ENERGIZED. WHEN THE LAMP CIRCUIT IS ENERGIZED, THE ARC IS STRUCK IMMEDIATELY. NO EXTERNAL STARTER IS REQUIRED.

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTIONPREHEAT

RAPID-START

INSTANT-START

COLD CATHODE

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

INSTANT-START LAMPS

USE A HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER TO STRIKE THE ARC WITHOUT ANY CATHODE PREHEATING.

MORE EXPENSIVE THAN RAPID-START .

LESS EFFICIENT.

AVAILABLE IN SIZES THAT RAPID-START IS NOT.

START AT LOWER TEMPERATURES.

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTIONPREHEAT

RAPID-START

INSTANT-START

COLD CATHODE

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

COLD CATHODE

COLD CATHODE TUBES USE A LARGE, THIMBLE SHAPED CATHODE & A HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER TO STRIKE THE ARC.

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTIONPREHEAT

RAPID-START

INSTANT-START

COLD CATHODE

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

COLD CATHODE

CHARACTERISTICS OF COLD CATHODE TUBES:VERY LONG LIFE.

UNAFFECTED BY THE NUMBER OF STARTS.

LOWER OVERALL EFFICIENCY.

USED WHERE LONG CONTINUOUS RUNS ARE REQUIRED (ARCHITECTURAL LIGHTING).

READILY DIMMED.

OPERATE WELL AT VARYING AMBIENT TEMPERATURES.

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FOUR-FOOT STRAIGHT LAMP:

UTILIZES 40 WATTS OR LESS.MOST COMMON.

EIGHT-FOOT STRAIGHT LAMP:

GREATER EFFICACY BUT SHORTER LIFE.

U-SHAPED LAMPS:

USED IN SQUARE OR COMPACT FIXTURES ( 5 INCHES TO 48 INCHES LONG).

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

WARM WHITE FLUORESCENT LAMPS: 35000 K

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

COOL WHITE FLUORESCENT LAMPS: 4200K

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

COOL WHITE DELUXE LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION

EFFICACY

LAMP LIFE

LUMEN MAINTENANCE

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION

EFFICACY

LAMP LIFE

LUMEN MAINTENANCE

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION

EFFICACY

LAMP LIFE

LUMEN MAINTENANCE

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATIONCOLOR RENDITION

EFFICACY

LAMP LIFE

LUMEN MAINTENANCE

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATIONADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

ADVANTAGES:HIGH EFFICACY.

LONG LAMP LIFE.

INSTANT START & RESTART.

FEWER HEAT AND GLARE PROBLEMS.

RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE.

MINIMAL HEAT GAIN PROBLEMS.

INCREASING RANGE OF SHAPES.

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATIONADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

DISADVANTAGES:LARGE SIZE CAUSES STORAGE, HANDLING & RELAMPING PROBLEMS.

ACCURATE BEAM CONTROL IS NOT POSSIBLE.

LAMP LIFE IS EFFECTED BY THE NUMBER OF STARTS.

EXPENSIVE DIMMING.

REQUIRES A BALLAST.

LAMPS CONTAIN TOXIC MATERIALS: MERCURY & PHOSPHOR

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

DESCRIPTION:

GLASS TUBES ARE FILLED WITH IONIZED NEON GAS.

COLOR:

PINK TO DARK RED DEPENDING ON THE PRESSURE.

DIFFERENT COLORS CAN BE OBTAINED BY SUBSTITUTING HELIUM FOR NEON OR MIXING THE TWO GASES.

EFFICIENCY:

LOW (ABOUT ½ THE EFFICACY OF CONVENTIONAL FLUORESCENT LAMPS) BUT THEY OPERATE SATISFACTORILY IN VERY COLD WEATHER.

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

INTRODUCTION

LAMP CONSTRUCTION

BALLASTS

LAMP TYPES

OPERATION

EVALUATION

APPLICATION

NEON-VAPOR LAMPS