fmz - porto - nov 11, 2008. jra-6@fp6, wp6 @fp7 almost conclusive report of fp6 activities with...

FMZ - Porto - Nov 11, 2008FMZ - Porto - Nov 11, 2008


JRA-6@FP6, WP6@FP7 JRA-6@FP6, WP6@FP7

Almost Conclusive Report of FP6 Activitieswith elements of Future dreams for FP7

Almost Conclusive Report of FP6 Activitieswith elements of Future dreams for FP7

..............


Who we were/areWho we were/are

JRA-6 Concerned VPHGsJRA-6 Concerned VPHGs

The following Contractors Contributed:

•ESO •IAC•INAF-Brera•Politecnico di Milano•Universitè de Liege•ATHOL

The following Contractors Contributed:

•ESO •IAC•INAF-Brera•Politecnico di Milano•Universitè de Liege•ATHOL

Purpose of the JRA-6 was to enhance the applicability of VPHGs in Astronomical InstrumentationPurpose of the JRA-6 was to enhance the applicability of VPHGs in Astronomical Instrumentation


IR VPHGs: Enable VPHGs technology in the NIR (1-2.5 microns) regime in cryogenic instruments.

Selected Areas of researchSelected Areas of research

UV VPHGs: Enable VPHGs technology in the UV (300-450 nm) regime with particular attention to cross dispersers.

UV VPHGs: Enable VPHGs technology in the UV (300-450 nm) regime with particular attention to cross dispersers.

DCG Replacement: Look for a replacement of the DCG as photosensitive element. DCG Replacement: Look for a replacement of the DCG as photosensitive element.

Non-traditional Configurations: Enhance the applicability of “traditional” VPHGs.Non-traditional Configurations: Enhance the applicability of “traditional” VPHGs.


•Preparatory Study•Prototype Fabrication•Prototype Characterization•Final Device Fabrication•Final Device Characterization

•Preparatory Study•Prototype Fabrication•Prototype Characterization•Final Device Fabrication•Final Device Characterization

Original Work PlanOriginal Work Plan

In PracticeIn Practice

Prototypes proved already science grade -Research Lines arrived to a show-stopper -

Skip the prototype phase to concentrate on final -More interesting to have another prototype than a second

better quality device -etc. -

Prototypes proved already science grade -Research Lines arrived to a show-stopper -

Skip the prototype phase to concentrate on final -More interesting to have another prototype than a second

better quality device -etc. -


MilestonesMilestones


WP 2 - IR VPHGsWP 2 - IR VPHGsFrancisco Garzon Lopez - IACFrancisco Garzon Lopez - IAC


First Set of PrototypeFirst Set of Prototype


TransmissionTransmission


WavefrontWavefront


Cryo-measurementsCryo-measurements


Scientific VPHGs IR-H

• Line density: 683 lp/mm • Operating range: 1400 - 1900 nm • Efficiency: •>70% at 1500 nm •>90% at 1650 nm•>70% at 1800 nm • AR Coatings: 0.5% of reflectivity from 1400 to 1800 nm • Wavefront error: λ/4 at 632nm

Scientific VPHGs IR-H

• Line density: 683 lp/mm • Operating range: 1400 - 1900 nm • Efficiency: •>70% at 1500 nm •>90% at 1650 nm•>70% at 1800 nm • AR Coatings: 0.5% of reflectivity from 1400 to 1800 nm • Wavefront error: λ/4 at 632nm

Scientific VPHGs IR-K

• • Line density: 486 lp/mm • Operating range: 2000 - 2400 nm • Efficiency: •>70% at 2000 nm •>90% at 2200 nm•>70% at 2400 nm • AR Coatings: 0.5% of reflectivity from 2000 to 2400 nm • Wavefront error: λ/4 at 632nm

Scientific VPHGs IR-K

• • Line density: 486 lp/mm • Operating range: 2000 - 2400 nm • Efficiency: •>70% at 2000 nm •>90% at 2200 nm•>70% at 2400 nm • AR Coatings: 0.5% of reflectivity from 2000 to 2400 nm • Wavefront error: λ/4 at 632nm

Science Grade DevicesScience Grade Devices

Substrate material: Fused silica Herasil 102. • Substrate dimensions: Ø 135mm thickness 12 mm • Clear aperture: Ø 125 mm

Substrate material: Fused silica Herasil 102. • Substrate dimensions: Ø 135mm thickness 12 mm • Clear aperture: Ø 125 mm


Substrates Purchased and delivered to ATHOL waiting for DCG Coating and Exposure.

Substrates Purchased and delivered to ATHOL waiting for DCG Coating and Exposure.

A Key Person at ATHOL left the company and moved to USA Key Person at ATHOL left the company and moved to US

He was the one knowing how to operate the coating MachineHe was the one knowing how to operate the coating Machine

He was the one with the “best touch” in DCG Chemical post-processing He was the one with the “best touch” in DCG Chemical post-processing

Then What ?Then What ?

BUTBUT

ATHOL CEO is the guru of Holography but not as much skilled in pre and post processing the films. ATHOL CEO is the guru of Holography but not as much skilled in pre and post processing the films.


ATHOL claims (Oct. 2008) to have developed improved solutions for coating and post-processing.

ATHOL claims (Oct. 2008) to have developed improved solutions for coating and post-processing.

Then What 2 ?Then What 2 ?

They refuse to disclose any details about the new processes calling for proprietary rights (they have not used OPTICON Money....)

They refuse to disclose any details about the new processes calling for proprietary rights (they have not used OPTICON Money....)

We have been able to see little samples but confidentially know of great delays in delivery of science devices to customers (ESO, etc.)

We have been able to see little samples but confidentially know of great delays in delivery of science devices to customers (ESO, etc.)

They insist they will deliver OPTICON prototypes by early Dec. 2008. Little time for testing but..... we will see

They insist they will deliver OPTICON prototypes by early Dec. 2008. Little time for testing but..... we will see

There will be consequences in the role of ATHOL in the FP7 program (see later slides)There will be consequences in the role of ATHOL in the FP7 program (see later slides)


Insausti et al - SPIE 7018 Performances of NIR VPHGs at cryogenic temperaturesInsausti et al - SPIE 7018 Performances of NIR VPHGs at cryogenic temperatures

DisseminationDissemination


WP 5 - UV VPHGsWP 5 - UV VPHGsHans Dekker - ESOHans Dekker - ESO


First Set of PrototypeFirst Set of Prototype



Important improvement with respect to traditional gratingsImportant improvement with respect to traditional gratings

But still drops at UV WavelengthBut still drops at UV Wavelength

This is due to DCG and there is nothing we can do aboutThis is due to DCG and there is nothing we can do about

except replace DCG with something elseexcept replace DCG with something else


WavefrontWavefront


Cross-DisperserCross-Disperser

Shared between WP3 and WP 5Shared between WP3 and WP 5



Good handling of the transmitted zero-th orderGood handling of the transmitted zero-th order

multi-pass enhances the drop in the UV even below the traditional solution

multi-pass enhances the drop in the UV even below the traditional solution

Need a replacement for DCGNeed a replacement for DCG


The low efficiency at UV wavelength depends on the physical properties of DCGThe low efficiency at UV wavelength depends on the physical properties of DCG

Final Science Grade Device ?Final Science Grade Device ?

There won’t be “another” set of final devices...There won’t be “another” set of final devices...

The low efficiency at UV wavelength make the all business less attractive.The low efficiency at UV wavelength make the all business less attractive.

Prompt to put much effort on DCG replacement. Moves the issue to WP4 (Polymers - see next slides)

Prompt to put much effort on DCG replacement. Moves the issue to WP4 (Polymers - see next slides)

.....and to FP7.........and to FP7....


WP 4 - Polymers VPHGsWP 4 - Polymers VPHGsAndrea Bianco - INAF

Chiara Bertarelli - POLIMIAndrea Bianco - INAF

Chiara Bertarelli - POLIMI


A photochromic based VPHGA photochromic based VPHG

A prototype was obtained earlier by replication of a ronchi gratingA prototype was obtained earlier by replication of a ronchi grating

Just to understand if the whole thing was doableJust to understand if the whole thing was doable


The trick is as usual the modulation of the refraction index and the thickness of the materialThe trick is as usual the modulation of the refraction index and the thickness of the material

You need a material with a refraction index modulation ....... that allows filming in the required thicknessYou need a material with a refraction index modulation ....... that allows filming in the required thickness

You need a material with good filming properties ....... that provides the required index modulationYou need a material with good filming properties ....... that provides the required index modulation

Although the “balance” between the two depends on the needs of your application. Although the “balance” between the two depends on the needs of your application.

A “serious”photochromic based VPHG

A “serious”photochromic based VPHG


d and Delta-nd and Delta-n


Photochromic MaterialsPhotochromic Materials

The Chemical Substitutes B and B1 allow to tailor the chemical/physical properties of the material

The Chemical Substitutes B and B1 allow to tailor the chemical/physical properties of the material

Tailor B and B1 toward a good compromise between refraction index contrast and filming capabilities

Tailor B and B1 toward a good compromise between refraction index contrast and filming capabilities


Photochromic PolyesterPhotochromic Polyester

•Polymeric - No matrix needed• High content of “active material (big change of properties)• Good transparency in IR•No Absorption •No Scattering

•Polymeric - No matrix needed• High content of “active material (big change of properties)• Good transparency in IR•No Absorption •No Scattering


Large Delta-n in NIR which allows large modulations Large Delta-n in NIR which allows large modulations

0.03@1500 nm (up to 0.08)0.03@1500 nm (up to 0.08)

BUT .... Maximum film thickness 5 umBUT .... Maximum film thickness 5 um

Delta-n and ThicknessDelta-n and Thickness


• Polyurethane Coating• Photochromic moiety up to 50%• Polymerization after deposition• Possibility to make multiple layers structure

• Polyurethane Coating• Photochromic moiety up to 50%• Polymerization after deposition• Possibility to make multiple layers structure

• Each Stem 5-7 um thickness• Easy to make 3-4 steps•It is possible to cement or cover with oil to match with glass.

• Each Stem 5-7 um thickness• Easy to make 3-4 steps•It is possible to cement or cover with oil to match with glass.

Photochromic PolyurethanePhotochromic Polyurethane


•Good Transparency of the film on glass substrates•Good Transparency of the film on glass substrates

•Large and constant amplitude of the interference fringes confirms the good quality of the film

•Large and constant amplitude of the interference fringes confirms the good quality of the film

Transparency and film qualityTransparency and film quality


•No difference in curve shape compared to Polyester but smaller refractive index.

•No difference in curve shape compared to Polyester but smaller refractive index.

•Consequently smaller refractive index difference (0..01 to 0.036)

•BUT ENOUGH TO CONCEIVE A VPHG !!!!!!!

•Consequently smaller refractive index difference (0..01 to 0.036)

•BUT ENOUGH TO CONCEIVE A VPHG !!!!!!!

Delta-n and ThicknessDelta-n and Thickness


Photochromic substrates (10 – 15 μm) have been initialized by exposure to UV light.Photochromic substrates (10 – 15 μm) have been initialized by exposure to UV light.

The substrate has then been placed in a holographic set-up (@ CSL/Athol, Liege) with a Ar+ laser (488 nm) providing 750 l/mmThe substrate has then been placed in a holographic set-up (@ CSL/Athol, Liege) with a Ar+ laser (488 nm) providing 750 l/mm

From sensitivity measurements, a power of 40 mW/cm2 is known to be needed to write the gratings in a reasonable time.

From sensitivity measurements, a power of 40 mW/cm2 is known to be needed to write the gratings in a reasonable time.

The material must absorb the laser radiation in order to be converted. The laser frequency is important.The material must absorb the laser radiation in order to be converted. The laser frequency is important.

VPHG productionVPHG production


The film has been exposed for 230 s ..... after which....The film has been exposed for 230 s ..... after which....

The transmission spectrum in VIS changed..... proving the transition had occurred

The transmission spectrum in VIS changed..... proving the transition had occurred

Line pattern effectively “printed” in the substrate, as seen at the optical microscope.

Line pattern effectively “printed” in the substrate, as seen at the optical microscope.

The OutcomeThe Outcome


BUT IT WORKS ...... now it needs “debugging”BUT IT WORKS ...... now it needs “debugging”

Efficiency in the first order at an incidence angle of 14 degEfficiency in the first order at an incidence angle of 14 deg

EfficiencyEfficiency


SuperblazeSuperblaze

We are on the tale of the superblaze of a grating blazed at UV-VIS Wl !!

We are on the tale of the superblaze of a grating blazed at UV-VIS Wl !!

Model tells us we are looking at a Delta-n=0.01, d=3um grating

Model tells us we are looking at a Delta-n=0.01, d=3um grating

NOT at the Delta-n=0.03 d=10 um grating we were expecting to

NOT at the Delta-n=0.03 d=10 um grating we were expecting to

WHY ?WHY ?


The Laser ProblemThe Laser Problem

The 488 nm laser (the only available at ATHOL setup is on the tale of Photocromic transition wavelength distribution

The 488 nm laser (the only available at ATHOL setup is on the tale of Photocromic transition wavelength distribution

It Converts only “some” MaterialIt Converts only “some” Material

Simulation of the conversion on the surface as function of time and absorbtion

Simulation of the conversion on the surface as function of time and absorbtion

Both effective thickness and contrast are affectedBoth effective thickness and contrast are affected

Countermeasures ?Countermeasures ? We purchased a 532 nm laserWe purchased a 532 nm laser



Bianco et al - SPIE 7018 Rewriteable VPHGs based on Photochromic MaterialBianco et al - SPIE 7018 Rewriteable VPHGs based on Photochromic Material


WP 3- Non Traditional...WP 3- Non Traditional...Emilio Molinari - INAFEmilio Molinari - INAF


The SuperBlaze ExplorerThe SuperBlaze Explorer

Measured superblaze of the 660 l/mm d.o.lo.re.s VPHG Measured superblaze of the 660 l/mm d.o.lo.re.s VPHG Range of incidence angles providing acceptable

EfficiencyRange of incidence angles providing acceptable Efficiency


Pointed IdeaPointed Idea

Conceived for straight-through FOCS, e.g. FORS, d.o.lo.re.s, etc.

Conceived for straight-through FOCS, e.g. FORS, d.o.lo.re.s, etc.

A system that allows straight-through imaging

A system that allows straight-through imaging

And tunable incidence angle on a VPHGAnd tunable incidence angle on a VPHG


Detailed DesignDetailed Design


Procurement and assemblyProcurement and assembly


Test ....Test ....

If yu see Giorgio the stright-through imaging mode worksIf yu see Giorgio the stright-through imaging mode works


Molinari et al - SPIE 7018 VPHGs TunesMolinari et al - SPIE 7018 VPHGs Tunes



Promises versus deliverablesPromises versus deliverablesWP2 promised

a) A fully cryogenic Characterization of VPHGs at IR wlb) A Science grade set of devices (tender to EMIR)

WP2 promised a) A fully cryogenic Characterization of VPHGs at IR wlb) A Science grade set of devices (tender to EMIR)

WP3 promised a) A fully functional representative non-traditional configuration

WP3 promised a) A fully functional representative non-traditional configuration

WP4 promised a) The first ever made photochromic VPHGWP4 promised a) The first ever made photochromic VPHG

WP5 promiseda) Science Grade UV enhances VPHGsWP5 promiseda) Science Grade UV enhances VPHGs

a) fully achieve, b) depends on development at ATHOLa) fully achieve, b) depends on development at ATHOL

a) Will be there in the next weeks a) Will be there in the next weeks

a) Gone further. VPHG made and improving ongoinga) Gone further. VPHG made and improving ongoing

a) Done - to the point physics allows usa) Done - to the point physics allows us


WP6@FP7WP6@FP7The show mustThe show mustcan (!) go oncan (!) go on


Who in FP7Who in FP7

WP6 is dedicated to new Materials and Processes for Astronomical InstrumentationWP6 is dedicated to new Materials and Processes for Astronomical Instrumentation

The following Contractors will Contribute

•IAC •INAF-Brera •INAF-Padova •Politecnico di Milano

•And the following pre-screened sub-con.

•ESO•(ATHOL)•Intercast•Solvay Solexis

The following Contractors will Contribute

•IAC •INAF-Brera •INAF-Padova •Politecnico di Milano

•And the following pre-screened sub-con.

•ESO•(ATHOL)•Intercast•Solvay Solexis

Purpose of the WP6 is to explore the porting of some (a few) new materials and processes into Astronomical InstrumentationPurpose of the WP6 is to explore the porting of some (a few) new materials and processes into Astronomical Instrumentation

• LAM • INAF-IASF Milano • Universitè de Liege • INTA

• LAM • INAF-IASF Milano • Universitè de Liege • INTA

• Institut Fresnel• Rial Vacuum • Astelco

• Institut Fresnel• Rial Vacuum • Astelco


Selected Areas of researchSelected Areas of research

•WP 6.1 Management•WP 6.1 Management

570 k€ - 470 k€ from EC570 k€ - 470 k€ from EC

•WP6.2 Novel VPHG based devices (F.Garzon IAC)✓Slanted Fringes devices - Anamorphism -CODEX✓Echellettes - Open the higher resolution regime✓Piled Devices - Post-process the zeroth order light

•WP6.2 Novel VPHG based devices (F.Garzon IAC)✓Slanted Fringes devices - Anamorphism -CODEX✓Echellettes - Open the higher resolution regime✓Piled Devices - Post-process the zeroth order light

•WP 6.3 Photochromic and photosensitive materials and associated devices (A.Bianco POLIMI)✓DCG Replacement - Self explanatory✓Photochromic based devices - solid optics, waveguides

•WP 6.3 Photochromic and photosensitive materials and associated devices (A.Bianco POLIMI)✓DCG Replacement - Self explanatory✓Photochromic based devices - solid optics, waveguides

•WP6.4 New Materials and processes for fabrication of traditional optics. (F.Bortoletto, INAF)✓Polymer lenses and mirrors - Weight reduction, specific performances, series production✓Complex Shape Optical Devices - Easier to manufacture free-form

•WP6.4 New Materials and processes for fabrication of traditional optics. (F.Bortoletto, INAF)✓Polymer lenses and mirrors - Weight reduction, specific performances, series production✓Complex Shape Optical Devices - Easier to manufacture free-form


Highlights.....Highlights.....


Solvay SolexisSolvay Solexis


ApplicationsApplications

193 nm193 nm!!!!


IntercastIntercast

Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) in CR39•Eye Glasses fabrication •Consumer Optics

Reaction Injection Molding (RIM) in CR39•Eye Glasses fabrication •Consumer Optics •Tried with them the doping of CR39 with

photochromic polymer..... it works•Tried with them the doping of CR39 with photochromic polymer..... it works

“Solid” applications - waveguides, photochromic lenses, etc.“Solid” applications - waveguides, photochromic lenses, etc.


MOS-MasksMOS-Masks


Precise writing in PCPPrecise writing in PCP

QuickTime™ and ampeg4 decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

CGHCGH

8mm8mm

5 um resolution5 um resolution


Thanks Thanks

fmz - porto - nov 11, 2008. jra-6@fp6, wp6 @fp7 almost conclusive report of fp6 activities with...

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