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SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturisinstituti

folkloristTa samecnierokonferenciis masalebi

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eZRvneba vaxtang kotetiSvilis

120 wlisTavs

2013 wlis 5 ivnisi

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UDC(uak)821.353.1-91(063)T-388

redaqtori _ r. ColoyaSvili

reglamenti: moxseneba 15 wT.kamaTi 5 wT.

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutis

gamomcemloba; Tbilisi, m. kostavas quCa, #№ 5; tel.: 995 (32) 99 53 00

IsBN 978-9941-0-5563-8

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sarCevi

5 ivnisi, 11 sT.

saaqto darbazi

Sesavali sityva _ irma ratiani _SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

Temur jagodniSvilisaqarTvelos sxelmwifoteqnikuri universitetivaxtang kotetiSvili qarTuli flkloristikis istoriis sivrceSi................................................7

rusudan ColoyaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutimeliis mxatvruli saxis transformaciis formebi qarTul folklorSi............................................................8

oTar onianiSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutimTavar-mowame giorgis kulti svanur zepirsityvierebaSi................................................................14

meri xuxunaiSvili-wiklauribritaneTis folkloruli sazogadoebaastraluri miTosuri azrovnebis kvali amiranis TqmulebaSi................................................................15

qeTevan sixaruliZeivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwofo universitetimTis sakraluri funqcia RmerTmebrZolobis kavkasiur modelSi.......................................17

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nestan ratianiSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutizogierTi mxatvruli saxis transformaciis ramdenime aspeqti akvnis simRerebSi..............................................19

5 ivnisi, 11 sT.

folkloris ganyofileba

levan bregaZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutikonstantine gamsaxurdias novela `mSveniereba~ da misi mimarTeba folklorul wyaroebTan..............................................20

eka CxeiZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutisatrfialo lirikis saxe-simboloebi(vardis mxatvruli funqcia).............................................................22

dalila bedianiZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutimiTosur-folkloruli nakadi jemal qarCxaZis romanSi `zebuloni~.............................................23

tristan maxauriivane javaxiSvilis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiqarTuli xalxuri sagmiro balada `lom-xuzaurni~......................................................................24

eTer inwkirveliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutisolomon brZenis funqciis folkloruli transformaciebis formebi.................................26

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qeTevan elaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutideda-dedoflis saxelisuflo diapazoni jadosnur zRaparsa Tu literaturul ZeglSi..................................................................28

5 ivnisi, 14 sT.

folkloris ganyofileba

nino balanCivaZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutiadamianad yofnis tkbili sevda........................................................30

nino sozaSvilikavkasiis saerTaSoriso universitetixalxuri leqsi `meleSiSvilsa aqeben~............................................32

marine turaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis institutiqarTuli xalxuri cxovelTa zRaprebis tipologiuri analizi zRapris saerTaSoriso katalogis ATU 15 tipis konteqstSi.....................................................................35

Tamar xvedelianiSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti`cixes vzi ezom maRalsa...~.................................................................37

mariam bakuriZeivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti „aTnigenobebi“ TuSeTSi......................................................................38

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elene gogiaSviliivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiistoriuli ambis transformacia zRaparSi: aleqsandre makedoneli qarTul folklorSi...........................39

xvTiso mamisimediSviliivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiosuri rituali `cofai~ da wminda maqsimes Tqmuleba....................................................................40

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vaxtang kotetiSvili qarTuli flkloristikis istoriis sivrceSi

Temur jagodniSvilisaqarTvelos saxelmwifoteqnikuri universiteti

vaxtang kotetiSvili XX saukunis sadawyisis folklo-ristikis pirveli Taobis warmomadgenelia, romelic war-matebiT agrZelebs XIX saukunis mecnierul-folkloristul tradiciebs. mis saxels ukavSirdeba qarTul folkloristi-kaSi evropuli mecnieruli xedvisa da kvlevaZiebiTi tradi-ciebis damkvidrebis adreuli cda.

v. kotetiSvili sakuTriv folkloristi ar yofila vi-wro, profesiuli gagebiT. igi upirvelesad farTo speqtris literaturaTmcodne da xelovnebaTmcodne iyo. folklo-ri mis mecnierul interesebSi Sedioda rogorc erovnuli mxatvruli kulturuli cnobierebis erTi konkretuli ga-movlena. mas ar Seuqmnia sistemuri, konceptualuri da mono-grafiuli naSromebi qarTul folkloristikaSi, ar dauwe-ria saxelmZRvanelo. miuxedavad amisa, TanamedroveTa winaSe warsdga, rogorc niWieri da farTo ganaTlebis filologi, romelmac mniSvnelovani kvali datova qarTul folklo-ristikaSic, erTi mxriv, tradiciul yofaSi folkloruli teqstebis Zebna-gamovleniT, meore mxriv, Tbilisis univer-sitetSi folkloris saswavlo-saganmanaTleblo kursis damkvidrebis mcdelobiT, xolo mesame mxriv, Tamami (da im-droisaTvis erTgvarad moulodneli) filologiur-folk-loristuli wiaRsvlebiT qarTuli folkloris samyaroSi da saintereso dakvirvebebiTa da komentarebiT im droisaTvis popularuli SedarebiTi kvlevebis meTodologiis safuZ-velze. amas adasturebs agreTve misi `xalxuri poeziis“ wi-nasityvaobaSi warmodgenili msjeloba folkloris litera-turisadmi mikuTvnebis Sesaxeb da Tavad am krebulis koncef-ciis avtoriseuli interpretacia: wigni akademiuric unda yofiloyo da `sakiTxav wignadac vargebuliyo“.

`xalxuri poeziis“ farTo mkiTxvelze gaTvlis gamo, folkloristuli sakiTxebi mecnierul-popularuli sti-liT aris Sesrulebuli da ugulebelyofilia citirebebisa

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Tu wyaroebis zusti miTiTebis principebi. magaliTad, v. kel-tuialas folkloris aristokratiuli warmomavlobis Teo-riaze miuTiTeblad da am Teoriis arsis gadmoucemlad, zo-gadad aris naxsenebi zepirsityvierebis feodalur-aristo-kratuli warmomavlobis azris arseboba.

v. kotetiSvili drois suliskveTebidan gamomdinare amtkicebda Semoqmedebis stiqionis _ Sromis _ xalxis wi-aRSi arsebobas, Tumca imavdroulad aRiarebda folklo-ris calkeuli nimuSebis aristokratiidan xalxSi gadasvla-gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas.

Tavis droze qarTul folkloristikaSi siaxled ga-nicdeboda glexobis wiaRSi `sxvaTa mojamagireobisa“ da welmagari glexebis arsebobis SemCneva v. kotetiSvilis mier da eWvis Setana `sawyali glexis“ romantikuli warmodgenis Sesaxeb.

v. kotetiSvilma Tavisi drois mecnierul-folklori-stuli codnis safuZvelze qarTuli folkloristikis ara erTi sakiTxi aRZra da, rogorc Tavadac aRniSnavda, momavali folkloristuli kvlevebisaTvis garkveuli niadagi Seqmna. am TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa, a. veselovskis fsiqologiuri paralelizmis gamoZaxili, ris safuZvelzedac gaSlilia v. kotetiSvilis msjeloba saxeobrivi azrovnebis pirvandelo-baze cnebiT _ logikur azrovnebasTan mimarTebiT.

meliis mxatvruli saxis transformaciis formebi qarTul folklorSi*

rusudan ColoyaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

qarTul da saerTod ganviTarebis evropul doneze myo-fi xalxebis zepirsityvierebis upopularesi personaJi melia zRaprul eposSi realuri meliisagan gansxvavebul da amave

* aRniSnuli proeqti (№ 31/53) ganxorcielda SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT. winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli nebismieri mosazreba ekuTvnis avtors da SesaZloa, ar asax-avdes fondis Sexedulebebs. proeqtis samecniero xelmZRvaneli prof. r. ColoyaSvili.

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dros araerTferovan saxes qmnis. is gamorCeulia ramdenime tipis jadosnur da novelistur zRaprebSi, Tumca ZiriTadad mainc cxovelTa zRaprebis mTavari gmiria. aq srulad iSleba misi SesaZleblobani da am qveJanris oTxi tipis zRaprebSi gvxvdeba: pirveli tipis zRaprebSi is triqsteria _ cbieri, moxerxebuli, muxanaTi _ Rupavs Tavis `Zmobils~ da saerTo nadavls an TviT `Zmobils~ sakvebad isakuTrebTs; meore tip-isaSi is tyuilebiT cdilobs frinvelTa Secdenas da SeWmas. garkveulad kidec aRwevs mizans, magram bolos mainc Tavisi gaumaZRrobis msxverpli xdeba da erT-erTi frinvelis saz-rianobiTa da moxerxebiT iRupeba; e.i. melia yovelTvis ver gamodis gamarjvebuli cxovelTa zRaprebSi da saerTod daumarcxebeli personaJi am qveJanris zRaprebSi ar arse-bobs. mesame tipis zRaprebSi melia damoukideblad veRar arTmevs Tavs amocanas da damxmares (katas...) uxmobs; meoTxe tipisaSi ki is mosamarTle da saqmis gamrigea _ kacs ixsnis xan nawyeni daTvisagan, xan ki _ umaduri gvelisagan an melisagan, romlebic Tavis droze kacma gadaarCina.

cxovelTa zRaprebSi triqsteri melias metoqeobisa da qiSpobis mizani sakvebis mopovebaa. zRaparSi is sagange-bod daxasiaTebuli ar aris, magram mis bunebaze misi qmede-bani metyvelebs, romelTa mixedviTac is: Seupovaria, mizan-dasaxuli, sazriani, windaxeduli, guladi, romelsac win ve-raferi gadaeRobeba; is uimedo mdgomareobaSi Cavardnilic ki gamosavals poulobs. yvelafers amas sakmaod iolad, au-Relveblad, Zaldautaneblad aRwevs. Tumca melias Rirse-baTa paralelurad uaryofiTi Tvisebebic sakmaod aqvs da dRevandeli gagebiT misi qmedebani eTikuri ar aris: is sas-tikia, daundobeli, Zmobilis moRalate _ mxolod imitom, rom `Zmobils~ nadavlis kuTvnili wili ar argunos muxana-Tobasac ki ar erideba; misi arc erTi sityva sando ar aris _ laquciTa da tkbili sityviT SeuZlia daRupos axlobeli. yovelive amis miuxedavad zRapris msmeneli tradiciis ZaliT grZnobs, rom mas aseTad arqaikis saidumlo warmogviCens da am personaJis Tavdapirveli misia dadebiTia.

melia zRaprul eposSi mxolod triqsteri ar aris da masTan asociaciis miuxedavad gansakuTrebul saxesac qmnis. aq ukve gansxvavebulia misi miznebi da maTi ganxorcielebi-saken mimavali gzebi. aratriqsteri melia gviandeli peri-odis ocamde tipis qarTul zRaparSi gvxvdeba. aqac, cxo-

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velTa zRaprebis msgavsad, aqcenti mis Wamaze keTdeba, rasac ukve sakraluri daniSnuleba aqvs.

melia am tipis zRaprebSi ZiriTadad mcenareul sakvebs miirTmevs _ vazsa da marcvleuls, magaliTad, `vazebze mte-vnebi sul wiTlad Rvioda... erTi mela-tura ar SemogveCvia?! gagvioxra, gagvitiala erTian... gamoWama venaxi~ (`oboli da qosatyuara~).

melia xalxur poeziaSic etaneba venaxs:

`kaWa da kaWa venaxi,agvaRebina xelia~.

melia vazs zRapar `melia da mewisqvileSic~ Seeqceva. melia ara marto gamoWams venaxs, misi gaSenebac SeuZldia `yvela Tavisi mowyobilobiT~ iseve, rogorc _ yvavilebisa da xexilisa: `marTlac mSvenieri sanaxavi iyo, Sua gzis iqiT da aqeT sxvadasxva xexili iyo Camwkrivebuli: rigi mwifda, rigi yvaoda da rigi Camodioda~. melia mevenaxeoba-meRvineo-bis RTvaebis sadidebel leqsad naTqvam zRapar `Txa da venax-is~ or variantSic gvxvdeba, sadac Wams venaxis mWameli Txis mWamelis... mWamels _ turas an katas. Semdeg ki arc TviTon rCeba SeuWmeli da mas ZaRli Seeqceva.

imave movlenasTan gvaqvs saqme zRaparSi `cxovelTa nadi~, sadac ojaxSi rigrigobiT stumrad misuli ZRveniT xeldamSvenebuli cxovelebi: Tagvi, kata, melia, mgeli da bo-los maspinZeli _ kaci maT win mosulebs gadasanslaven. stu-mari rom RvTaebaa, uZvelesi rwmenis mixedviT, cnobilia. am urTierT gadasansvlas aSkarad sakraluri xasiaTi aqvs da is ukavSirdeba nayofierebis mokvdavi da mkvdreTiT aRmdgomi RvTaebis metamorfozis unars. es RvTaeba sxvadasxva xalx-Ta miTosur samyaroSi rogorc mcenareul, aseve cxovelis saxesac iRebda. amdenad ar aris gasakviri, rom Semdgomi ga-naxlebisa da saerTod ukvdavebis mosapoveblad is Tavisive Tavis ipostasur saxesxvaobebs Seeqceodes. e.i. am motive-bis mixedviT melia, sxva arsebaTa msgavsad, mokvdavi da mkv-dreTiT aRmdgomi RvTaebis erT-erT metamorfozul saxes-xvaobas warmoadgens, xom cnobilia, rom melia dionises erT-erTi ipostasia.

xalxur poeziaSi melia mcenareuli sakvebidan aramar-to venaxsa da marcvleuls Seeqceva, aramed xilbostneulsac miirTmevs:

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`bostansa gadmoveCvie,xaxvs amovugde Ziria,suyvela xili Sevirge,tyemalma momWra kbilia~.

melia frinvelebsac miirTmevs rogorc zRaprebSi, aseve xalxur poeziaSi: qaTams, bats, ixvs, Citis bartyebs, ma-gram gacilebiT iSviaTad, vidre _ mcenareuls.

melias transformirebuli saxis sworad gasaazreblad mniSvnelovania kidev ufro gviandeli periodis motivi, sa-dac is ojaxSi xeldamSvenebuli Sedis da maspinZlebic didi pativiT xvdebian. melia zRaparSi arc iqidan midis xelcari-eli da Tan miaqvs is, rasac isurvebs da rac saukeTesoa ojax-Si: TavTavis (xorblis, fetvis) mimtans ojaxidan wiTeli ma-mali mihyavs, sxvagan ukve mamlis sanacvlod erkemals atanen, erkemalSi _ xars, bolos ki lamazi qali mihyavs. yovelive es ritualuri qmedebis STabeWdilebas tovebs. is faqtic mniSvnelovania, rom am tipis zRaprebSi melia nefea _ bolo ojaxSi stumrobisas mas patarZlis gverdiT svamen da qalsac atanen. melias saxe uZveles sameurneo ritualSic figuri-rebda da xSirad momkil bolo Znas, romelSic marcvlis suli iTvleboda Cabudebulad, meliis formas aZlevdnen, iseve rogorc _ mamlisas, Txisas, cxvrisas (jalabaZe 1986: 261).

rogorc puris sulebi _ melia, mgeli da daTvi wisqvi-lis binadrebi arian zRaparSi `mgeli, daTvi da melia~. isini iq TavSefarebul tradiciuli wesis damcvels dafarul codnas aziareben da bedsa sweven _ imqveyniuri sikeTiT ajildoveben: mxedvelobas ubruneben, gaamdidreben da xelm-wifis qalze daaqorwineben. wesis damrRvevs ki iqve sastikad uswordebian.

melia mewisqvilis _ wisqvilSi puris sulis mkvlelis qomagi cxovelic aris da amdenad misi metamorfozuli saxe-sxvaoba zRaparSi ̀ melia da mewisqvile~, zRapar ̀ melia da xel-mwifis SvilSi~ ki _ monadiris metaformozuli saxesxvaoba. aq is nanadirevs miirTmevs Tavis ZmobilebTan _ mgelTan, daTvTan da arwviTan erTad.

melia miwaTmoqbmedebis motivis Semcveli zRaprebis (`melia da kravi~, `Txa da melia~, `Rori, daTvi da melia~) mTa-vari gmiric aris, sadac marcvleuli kulturis (xorblis, fetvis, qeris, simindis) mimarT ar aris gulgrili, Tumca mi-

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wis damuSavebisa da mosavlis aRebis procesSi monawileobas Tavs aridebs misi megobrebisagan gansxvavebiT, sxvis mona-gars ki iolad isakuTrebs. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom melia samiwaTmoqmedo saqmianobaSi Tavis aridebiT raRac dafarul wess icavdes da misi roli am saqmeSi marTlac mniSvnelovani iyos, rogorc surs es warmoaCinos. melia rom zRaprebSi ar aris ubralo personaJi, amaze svanuri zRapari-gamocana `romelia ufro didi~ metyvelebs, romelic mTlianad miTo-sur motivzea agebuli da iq melia xravs beWs, romelzedac sofelia gaSenebuli da mTel sofels xan aqeT uzams pirs, xan _ iqiT. soflelebi gaocebulebi arian _ es ra ucnauri am-bavi gvemarTeba, dRes aRmosavleTisakena gavqs kar-fanjara, xval _ dasavleTisaken.

melia zRapraSi `melia da mewisqvile~ mxvnelebis sur-viliT naTesebisaTvis wvimis momyvanic ki aris, risTvisac cxriliT (cxaviT, sacriT) rituals asrulebs: melia `gzaze mxvnelebs Sexvda. mxvnelebma ... misces erTi cxrili da uTxres: _ wadi, sanam Cven samxars movamzadebT, wyali amogvitaneo. wavida melia. avsebs wyals, magram cxrili ras daiWerda~.

melia sxvaganac asrulebs rituals, rodesac Tavisi da-karguli kudis dabrunebas cdilobs da muxis ZirSi mZivebiv-iT morTul gogonebs acekvebs.

melia Cvens zRaprebSi bevri niSnis mixedviT geneti-kurad mokvdav da mkvdreTiT aRmdgom RvTaebas ukavSirdeba da misi erT-erTi zoomorfuli ipostasia. amitomve gadar-Ceba is, roca camdis awvdil koconSi _ ritualur cecxlSi agdeben, saidanac uvenebeli, ufro zustad _ ganaxlebuli gamodis. koconi xom agraluri dResaswaulisadmi miZRvnili aucilebeli ritualis Semadgeneli nawili iyo. zRaparSi me-lias mZlevelic arsebobs da is sakmaod iolad SeuZlia nax-evarqaTamam gadasanslos, Semdeg ukan gamouSvas kidec, rac aseve amis dasturia.

jadosnuri zRapris melia gmiris qomagi cxovelic aris _ misi metamorfozuli saxesxvaoba. mas Semdeg rac biWma is ZaRlisagan da monadireebisagan daixsna, imanac `misca balani da uTxra: erT gaWirvebaSi mec gamogadgebio~. marTlac gan-sacdelSi Cavardnili biWi ̀ daisva meliam zurgze, waiyvana, im-deni atara, rom saca mzeTunaxavi iyo, imis fexTiT iataks qveS amosva~. ama Tu im arsebaze amxedreba am arsebad qcevas niS-navs. am daxmarebiT meliam ara marto gadaarCina biWi, aramed bedsac swia: mzeTunaxavma uTxra _ `Sen qmari da me colio~.

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qomagi melia ukve damoukidebeli saxea da arsebiTad gansmxvavdeba cxovelTa zRapris meliisagan: is Tavis moxerx-ebasa da sazrianobas megobris mosatyueblad an dasaRupad ki aRar iyenebs, piriqiT _ mis sasikeTod: is xan Segnebulad da mizandasaxulad swevs beds Tavis mwyalobels (`melia da mewisqvile~, `melia da xelmwifis Svili~), roca zRapris mTa-vari gmiris amagis damnaxavia, misi erTguli, enamoqarguli, pi-robis Semsrulebeli, is dauzarlad, Wkvianurad, mizandasax-ulad swevs megobars bednierebas; xan ki Tavisdauneburad umarTavs xels wiqvilSi TavSefarebul marTal kacs, roca daTvTan da mgelTan erTad yvebian sxvadasxva ambebs, romel-nic kacs gaamdidrebs da xelmwifis qalzec daaqorwinebs.

melia ara marto personaJia xalxuri zRaprisa da po-eziis nimuSebisa, aramed misi saxeli am Janris nawarmoebTa da-sawyisisa Tu dasasrulis formulebSic gvxvdeba, romelTac xSirad miTosuri Sinaarsi aqvs, sakraluri daniSnulebisaa da ar aris gamoricxuli, is aq moixseniebodes swored rogorc RvTaeba. magaliTad:

`elisa, melisa,saxli medga Zelisa,saZirkveli vercxlisa,afra _ margalitisa~ da sxva.

meliis gamorCeul rolze Cvens rwmenebSi unda mianiS-nebdes CvenSi am fuZis mqone toponimebis sixSirec: meliani, melisxevi, melauri, meli-Rene da sxva. ̀ mela~ es sityva xSirad udevs safuZvlad qarTul gvarebs: melaSvili, melaZe, meliq-iZe, meliqiSvili, meliwkauri. e.i. meliis saxe uZvelesi miTo-suri azrovnebidan iRebs saTaves, transformaciis grZeli da rTUli gza ganvlo da mas Semdeg, rac is aRar aris triqsteri, RvTaebis metamorfozuli saxesxvaobaa.

literatura:

ColoyaSvili 2004: ColoyaSvili r. uZveles rwmena-warmodgenaTa kva-li xaloxur zRaprul eposSi. Tb.: `nekeri~, 2004.

ColoyaSvili 2005: ColoyaSvili r. cxovelTa eposi. Tb.: `nekeri~, 2005.ColoyaSvili 2009: ColoyaSvili r. zRapari da sinamdvile. Tb.: `nek-

eri~, 2009.

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mTavar-mowame giorgis kulti svanur zepirsityvierebaSi

oTar onianiSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

mTavar-mowame giorgis kulti gansakuTrebuli si-ZlieriTa da sisruliTaa warmodgenili svanur rwmena-war-modgenebsa da eTnografiul-folklorul ZeglebSi. isini gamoirCeva Tematikuri siaxliTa da arqaulobiT. maTze dam-yarebiT SegviZlia Tvali gavadevnoT wm. giorgize arsebuli wyaroebis xalxurSi gadasvlisa da miTad qmnadobis process, aseve wmindanad gardaqmna-Camoyalibebis rTul gzebsa da safexurebs. gadmocemebi gvauwyeben, rom giorgi axalgazr-dobidanve avlenda WeSmariti wmidanisaTvis damaxasiaTebel yvela Tvisebas. teqstebze dakvirvebiT isic dgindeba, rom wm. giorgis bediswera winaswaraa gansazRvruli, igi bavSvo-bidanvea RvTiT xeldebuli. masze sulieri Zalebi meTvaly-ureoben farulad, ganageben kidec mis qmedebas, exmarebian wamebis gadatanaSi. gadmocemebSi sagangebodaa miTiTebuli, rom giorgi axalgazrdobidanve iyo gamorCeuli fizikuri ZlierebiT, axovanebiT, gonierebiTa da maRali sulieri si-wmindiT, iyo muslimanebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli, icavda qris-tianebs. swored aseTi qmedebebi moswondaT umaRles sulier arsebebs: mamaRmerTs, macxovars, miqael mTavarangelozs, ioane naTlismcemels da gadawyvites misi caSi ayvana, maTTan myofad gardasaxva. erT dRes CamobrZandnen dedamiwaze da Sexvdnen giorgis tyeSi... sadilobisas daaZines, Signeuloba amoacales da aiyvanes zena saufloSi, gardaqmnes angelo-zad, mamaRmerTma ki mis gverdiT daiyena sxva msaxurTa Soris. es epizodi gansakuTrebiTaa saintereso. Cven varT mowmeni mokvdavis cad amaRlebisa da sulier arsebad gardaqmnisa... ukve gardasaxul giorgis `jgragi~ ewoda (igi zedwodebaa da niSnavs ganaTluls, ganwmendils. amgvari saxeldebiT svanur miTologiaSi mxolod mamaRmerTi moixsenieba: `fusn bus-diS~ _ meufe samyarosi). sulierma arsebebma `jgragi~ _ wm. giorgi, misive TxovniT daajildoves adamianTa mfarvelobis ZalmosilebiT. amitomaa, gasaWiris Jams adamianebi wm. gior-gis SesTxoven Svelas. motanil epizodebsa da gamonaTqvameb-

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Si Rrma saidumloebaa gacxadebuli. pirovneba TavisTavSi gadis iniciaciis rTul gzas da eziareba zenasamyaroul si-brZnes. Signeulobis amoridebis simboluri mniSvnelobac es aris, ganTavisufleba miwieri adamianuri swrafvebisagan, xolo zecaSi ayvana sruli feriscvalebaa, meored dabadeba. aqac misterialur saidumloebasTan gvaqvs saqme. pirovneba cnobierad eziareba RvTiurs. am gzaze wm. giorgis uSualo winamZRoli umaRlesi arsebania, romelTa mudmivi sazru-navi miwieri saufloa. maTive nabiji am sauflos mfarvelo-bis misiiT `jgragi~ aris movlenili. amitom bunebrivia, rom saqarTveloSi yvelaze meti salocavi wm. giorgis saxelobisaa da religiur dResaswaulebSic masze wirva-locvas pirveli adgili ukavia. esec gasagebia, vinaidan `jgragi~ _ wm. giorgi adamianTa uSualo mfarveli sulieri arsebaa, umaRlesi Rv-Tiuri arsebebisgan movlenili. saubaria RvTaebaTa ufros umcrosobaze, meti yuradReba unda daeTmos funqciaTa gad-anawilebas... Cvens mier mowodebul masalas am sakiTxSic meti sicxade da garkveuloba Seaqvs.

astraluri miTosuri azrovnebis kvali amiranis TqmulebaSi

meri xuxunaiSvili-wiklauribritaneTis folkloruli sazogadoebis wevri

amiranis Tqmulebis qarTveli mkvlevrebi Tvlian, rom Tqmuleba damoukidebeli miTosuri epikuri ciklebis gaer-Tianebis Sedegad Camoyalibda, romlebic Tematurad urT-ierTkavSirSi unda yofiliyo. Tqmulebis variantebis de-taluri analizi gviCvenebs, rom man Semoinaxa matriarqatis daSlisa da adreuli patriarqatis droindeli qarTuli warmarTuli miTebis demiTologizirebuli motivebi, rasac mogvianebiT qristianuli elementebic daemata.

adreul patriarqats Tan axlda guTnuri miwaTmoqmede-bis ganviTareba, ris Sedegadac warmarTul panTeonSi wina planze wamoiwia mzis RvTaebam, romelic qarTuli astraluri warmarTuli panTeonis umaRles RvTaebaTa sameulSi Sedio-da ciskris varskvlavTan (kviriasTan) da mTvaresTan erTad.

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sayuradReboa, rom RvTis karze, sadac astraluri RvTaebebi ikribebodnen, ciskris varskvlavi (kviria) mzis win idga da mzes pirvelobas ecileboda.

warmarTuli panTeonis astralizaciis dros xTonuri RvTaebebi astralurs erwymian. ase moxda nadirT RvTaeba dalisTan mimarTebaSic, man nayofierebis RvTaebis niSnebi SeiZina da ciskris varskvlavs Seerwya, moxda misi astralur rangSi ayvana. astraluri RvTaebebi umetes SemTxvevaSi or-sqesianni arian. dali _ ciskris varskvlavi mdedria, misi Svili amirani, romelic TqmulebaSi astraluri miTosis niS-nebis matarebelia _ mamri.

amiranis Tqmulebis im variantebSi, sadac amiranis deda ar aris dali da deda meore planzea gadasuli, mama wamyvani figuraa. swored Tqmulebis am tipis variantebSia Semonaxuli adreuli patriarqatis periodis astraluri miTosis Sreebi.petre umikaSvilis arqivSi daculia 1875 wels goris raio-nis sofel kirbalSi Cawerili amiranis Tqmuleba, romlis mixedviTac amiranis mama aris usuf mayaSvili. usufi saymos mosakrefad wasvlisas Tavze rkinis rgols wamoicvamda da im-wamsve mohqondaT saymo.usufs vaJi SeeZina da is mzes moanaT-vlina, romelic cidan Camovida, vaJs saxelad amirani daarqva da erTi patara xmali daanaTla.

zogierTi versiiT: amiranis mama usipi rkinis quds ix-uravs, alvis xeze adis, kivis da SeSinebul devebs ZRveni moaqvT; amiranis mama sulTani amiranis gaCenamde trial mind-orze midis, koSks iSenebs da Sig kvdeba; sxvagan amiranis mama solomonia, is amiranis gaCenamde aRmosavleTiT midis, ukaro koSks iSenebs da aseve Sig kvdeba.amirani ZmebTan _ usupsa da badrisTan erTad mamis saZebnelad midis, ukaro koSks pou-lobs, Seamtvrevs, micvalebul mamas asaflavebs da klavs ma-mis dauZinebel mters bay-bay devs; sxva variantSi amiranTan erTad qveynis baton-patroni amiranis mama Jadalia. megrul folklorSi `Jadali~ dasavleTia, `bJaioli~ _ aRmosavleTi.

Tqmulebis am saxe simboloTa analizisas naTelia,rom astralur miTologiaSi rgoli, wre mzis dReRamuri, wliuri moZraobis simboloa, xmali cis RvTaebaTa atributia, rkinis qudi cis niSania, xe RvTaebaTa sabrZanisia, alvis xe nayofi-erebis, gamravlebis simboloa, kivili cisa da miwis kavSiris aRmniSvnelia. amiranis mamis moZraoba aRmosavleTiT da

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amiranis mamis saxeli `Jadali~ _ dasavleTi mzis dReRamuri moZraobis marSrutia; ukaro koSkSi dasvenebuli amiranis mama Casuli mzea, romlis caze dabrunebac misi vaJis, amiran-ciskris varskvlavis funqciaa, risTvisac saWiroa mamis-mzis mtris, bay-bay devis (Ramis-sibnelis) mokvla. astralur mi-TologiaSi ciskris varskvlavi samsaxovania: dilis, saRamos (mwuxris) da Ramis. mzisgan da mTvarisgan gansxvavebiT misi gavlena caze mTel dReRamur periods moicavs. safiqrebelia, rom mzesTan misi paeqroba pirvelobisTvis zemoT aRniSnu-liT iyo ganpirobebuli. mogvianebiT, qristianuli religiis gavleniT, TqmulebaSi, naTlia mzes qriste da wminda giorgi Caenacvla.

mTis sakraluri funqcia RmerTmebrZolobis kavkasiur modelSi

qeTevan sixaruliZeivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwofo universiteti

mTis miTologiuri simbolo gamoirCeva siRrmiTa da mravalferovnebiT. igi aRiqmeboda, rogorc samyaros Rer-Zi (Axis Mundi) da misi modeli, romelSic asaxulia kosmiuri mowyobis yvela elementi. mTis parametrebs Soris yvelaze STambeWdavi aRmoCda misi simaRle, ramac is dauaxlova zeciur samyaros. aqedan gamomdinare, msoflios yvela xalx-is miTologiaSi aris wminda mTa _ RmerTebis samyofeli da RvTiuri Zalauflebis ganmasaxierebeli. masTan bevri folk-loruli siuJetia dakavSirebuli (warRvna, wvimis gaCena, gve-leSapTan ziareba . . .).

miTologiuri simbolikis TvalsazrisiT saintereso ma-galiTs warmoadgens kavkasiis mTebi, romelTac, sxva wminda mTebisgan gansxvavebiT, ambivalenturoba axasiaTebT. erTi mxriv, isini RmerTebis samyofia, meore mxriv, damnaSaveTa dasjis adgilebia. aq Tavs iCens mTis Rrma miTosur-simbolu-ri gaazreba. es gansakuTrebuli sakraluri sivrcea, sazR-vari, sadac RvTaeba an gmiri gadis iniciacias, ris Sedegadac icvleba misi statusi. amis sapirispirod, Tu personaJi kar-

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gavs pasuxismgeblobas da Cadis danaSauls, unda daisajos. aseT adgilad ki kavkasiur miTologiaSi isev is sakraluri adgili _ kavkasiis mTebia, romelic sferoebs Soris zRur-bls warmoadgens. Aam sazRvarze mijaWvuli damnaSave arc aqeT aris, arc iqiT. igi rCeba gaurkvevel, SesaZloa, miZinebul mdgomareobaSi. es aris swored sasjelis is forma, romelic gvxvdeba dapirispirebulTa brZolis miTologiur modelSi.

kavkasielTa miTologiaSi mravalferovan mozaikas qmni-an aRniSnuli modelis safuZvelze Seqmnili saxeebi, romelT-ac ukavSirdeba RmerTmebrZolobis motivi. amiranis Tqmule-baSi yvelaze ufro naTlad Cans mTis simboluri mniSvnelobac da misi ambivalenturobac. gamoqvabulSi (mTaze) dabadebuli gmiri isev gamoqvabulSi amTavrebs Tavis biografias.

kavkasieli mijaWvulebi Zveli Taobis warmomadgeneli goliaTebi arian da axali Taobis RmerTebTan dapirispire-bisTvis isjebian. safiqrebelia, rom saqme gvaqvs kavkasiuri titanomaxiis rudimentebTan. es aris kavkasiuri miTologiis Zalian Zveli Sre. rogorc Cans, am gadmocemebma garkveuli gavlena moaxdina berZnuli miTologiis nawilze, romlebic RmerTmebrZolobis motivebs Seicavs. promeTes garda, kav-kasiis mTaze mijaWvulebi arian kronosi da tifoni. logogra-fosi ferekide skiroseli ki gvamcnobs, rom olimpielebisa da titanebis brZola kavkasiaSi mimdinareobda. zog mkvlevars miaCnia, rom kavkasiis saxeli berZnuli warmomavlobisaa.

kavkasiuri folkloris mijaWvuli personaJebi maT-save geografiul areSi rCebian. BberZnul miTologiaSi ki amboxebulebs olimpodan Sors, qveynis dasalierSi aTavse-ben. aseTad maT kavkasia miaCndaT. es imaze metyvelebs, rom kavkasiis mTebis amboxebulTa dasjis sakralur adgilad gaazreba adgilobriv niadagzea Camoyalibebuli. Semdeg ki es warmodgena Sevida berZnul samyaroSi da CaerTo miTosur brunvaSi.

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zogierTi mxatvruli saxis transformaciis ramdenime aspeqti akvnis simRerebSi*

nestan ratianiSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

araerTma samecniero kvlevam aCvena da daadgina, rom akvnis simRerebis erTi jgufi momdinareobs bavSvTa in-feqciuri daavadebebis, e. w. batonebis, dros Sesasrulebeli sawesCveulebo simRerebidan. ramdenime metad saintereso mxatvruli saxe (gansakuTrebiT, mcenareTa da Zvirfas qvaTa Tu liTonTa), romelic am jgufis TiTqmis yvela simReraSi metnaklebi sixSiriT meordeba da lamis misi ganuyofeli nawilia, imdenad Seesisxlxorca am simRerebs, rom danarCen, Cveulebriv akvnis simRerebSic sxvadasxva formiT, mag., mis-amReris (sc. iavnana, vardo, nana, iavnaninao...) saxiT, gadavida. xolo erTi aseTi saxe am tipis simReraTa zogadi saxelis sinonimadac iqca (sc. iavnana). vinaidan cnobilia, rom misam-Rerebi, rogorc wesi, teqstis uZveles nawils warmoadgens, amitomacaa aqtualuri swored misamRerSi gadasul mxat-vrul saxeTa kvleva, raTa moxdes ara marto teqtsis uZve-lesi Sreebis dadgena, aramed, Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba, maTi saSualebiT konkretuli rwmena-warmodgenebis rekonstruq-ciac. erTi mxriv, eTnologTa da folkloristTa Sekrebili masalis safuZvelze, xolo, meore mxriv, sxvadasxva mecnier-Ta mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, miCneu-lia, rom batonebis gamovlenis SemTxvevaSi ojaxis wevrebi, damxmare pirebTan erTad an maT gareSe, garkveul qmedebebs aRasrulebdnen; maT Soris ki gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis Rirsia yoveldRiuri leqsikis Secvla avadmyofobebTa da sneulTa mimarTebaSi. moxsenebaSi Sevecdebi davasabuTo, rom es qmedebebi gadmotanili iyo cxovrebaSi saritualo teqstebidan. Cemi varaudiT, sazogadoeba miiCnevda, rom teqstebSi dadasturebuli mxatvruli saxeebi ucvlelad (an dasaSvebi cvlilebiT) unda gadmosuliyo yofaSi. oRondac

* aRniSnuli proeqti (№ 31/53) ganxorcielda SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT. winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli nebismieri mosazreba ekuTvnis avtors da SesaZloa, ar asax-avdes fondis Sexedulebebs. proeqtis samecniero xelmZRvaneli prof. r.ColoyaSvili.

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xSirad, bunebrivia, saritualo teqstebs drom, epoqam da sxva faqtorma Tavisi daRi daasva. Sesabamisad, am teqstebSi bevri ram aRaraa pirveladi saxiT SenarCunebuli, amitomac, yofaSi maTi gadmotanisas, araswor praqtikasTan gvaqvs saqme. amdenad, ikveTeba Semdegi suraTi: adreul stadiaze yofaSi arsebuli sinamdvile aisaxeba ritualur teqstSi, Semdeg es teqsti ganicdis garkveul cvlilebas, bolos ki Secvlili teqstis `wyalobiT~, praqtikaSi damkvidrebuli wesebic icvleba da axali wesis saxes iRebs. am procesSi mTavari `damnaSave~ ki teqstis mxatvruli saxea. moxsenebaSi swored am mimarTebis kvlevis Sedegebs warmovadgen.

konstantine gamsaxurdias novela `mSveniereba~ da misi mimarTeba folklorul wyaroebTan

levan bregaZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

qarTuli xalxuri filosofiuri zRapari `miwa Tavisas moiTxovs~, romelSic intuiciurad aris nagrZnobi drois fardobiToba (msgavsad iaponuri zRaprisa `urasima taro~), qarTulad gamoqveynebamde ucxo enebze daibeWda _ jer rusulad (`sbornik materialov dlia opisania mestnostei i plemion kavkaza~. Tbilisi: 1890. Tedo razikaSvilis Canaweri) da mere _ frangulad, frangi arqeologisa da eTnografis _ baron de bais Targmani, mis wignSi ̀ kavkasiis qedis samxreTiT~ (parizi, 1899) da Tbilisur Jurnal `le kokaz iliustres~ 1899-1900 ww. pirvel nomerSi. qarTulad ki is pirvelad 1909 wels gamoqveynda krebulSi `xalxuri zRaprebi qarTlSi Sekrebili Tedo razikaSvilis mier~.

safiqrebeli iyo, rom baron de bais franguli Targmani am zRapris rusuli Targmanidan momdinareobda, magram de-talebiT igi imdenad gansxvavdeba T. razikaSvilis mier Caw-erili variantisganac da petre umikaSvilis koleqciis ver-siisganac (`Tavisi miwa-wyali moiTxovs~), rom aSkaraa: frang eTnografs romeliRac sxva wyaroTi usargeblia.

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baron de bais es zRapari Semdgom gadaumuSavebia, ganu-vrcia da, dasuraTebuli, calke wignad gamoucia parizSi 1900 wels saTauriT `mSveniereba~ (`La Beauté~). gamoTqmulia azri, TiTqos de baim jer folkloruli teqstis Semoklebuli ver-sia gamoaqveyna, Semdeg ki sruli (d. fanCuliZe), magram vrcel versias folklors upirobod ver mivakuTvnebT, imdenad aSkaraa masSi mwignobruli stiliT Sesrulebuli pasaJebi, usaTuod baron de bais Camatebuli (magaliTad, peizaJebis aRwerilobebi, dialogebi da avtoriseuli remarkebi maTSi).

1941 wels Jurnal `mnaTobis~ me-3 nomerSi gamoqveynda konstantine gamsaxurdias novela `mSveniereba~ (ciklidan `qarTuli miTosi~).

akaki baqraZis sityviT, `balahvaris sibrZnisa~ da qar-Tuli zRapris [`miwa Tavisas moiTxovs~] safuZvelzea daweri-li konstantine gamsaxurdias novela `mSveniereba~.

Sedarebam gviCvena, rom gamsaxurdias novelis uSualo wyaro am zRapris xalxuri versia ki ar aris, aramed baron de bais mier gadamuSavebuli da 1900 wels parizSi wignad gamo-cemuli teqsti (saerTo saTauris garda amas mravali msgavsi pasaJi Tu sityva-gamoTqma mowmobs. samagaliTodASdr., gamsa-xurdia: ̀ aha, vaÁ misteriav JamTuxanobis!~; de bai: ̀ O éternel my-stère du temps!~).

akaki baqraZis marTebuli SeniSvniT, `oskar uaildi (ro-manSi ̀ dorian greis portreti~. _ l. b.) da konstantine gamsa-xurdia (novelaSi `mSveniereba~. _ l. b.) erTnairad miiCneven, rom uberebeli da ukvdavi mxolod mSvenierebaa~. garda amisa, misive sityviT, `oskar uaildis romans, qarTul zRapars da konstantine gamsaxurdias novelas erTi saerTo laitmoti-vi aqvs _ ubereblobis survili, maradiuli axalgazrdobis SenarCunebis wyurvili. samives daskvanac erTnairi aqvs: amg-vari survili bunebis kanonzomierebis sawinaaRmdegoa da marcxisaTvis aris ganwiruli~.

magram oskar uaildis romanisgan gansxvavebiT, gam-saxurdiasTan umTavres motivad is azri gvevlineba, rom sicocxlis arabunebrivad gaxangrZliveba (rac, rogorc dRevandeli biologia da medicina irwmuneba, aseulobiT wliT aris SesaZlebeli) sikeTes ver moitans.

es araordinaruli motivi (arabunebrivad gaxangrZ-livebuli sicocxle rom tanjva yofila) T. razikaSvilisa da p. umikaSvilis variantebSi ar SeiniSneba (T. razikaSvilis versiaSi iremic da yoranic RvTis mociqulebi arian da RvTis danawesebs, arabunebrivad xangrZlivi cxovrebiT icxovron

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da gvian daixocnon, udrtvinvelad asruleben). am motivis amokiTxva SesaZlebelia baron de bais mier gadamuSavebul teqstSic, k. gamsaxurdiasTan ki is wamyvani, gabatonebuli, motivia, rasac naTlad mowmobs am Tvalsazrisis xSiri da mka-fio gameoreba (erTi magaliTi: iremi, romelsac gangebisagan arabunebrivad xangrZlivi sicocxle aqvs dawesebuli, mze-Wabuks eubneba: `eg calieri kaparWebi rom dagikidnia, rad ar Semoinaxe ukanaskneli isari CemTvis!~. gaocda mzeWabuki: Tundac erTi sulieri rom natrobda am qveynad sikvdils~).

es garemoeba, zemoaRniSnuli araordinaruli motivis wamyvan motivad qceva, konstantine gamsaxurdias versias mka-fiod gamoarCevs am zRapris sxva versiaTagan, rac novelis mxatvrul STambeWdaobasac ganapirobebs da mis aqtualobasac.

satrfialo lirikis saxe-simboloebi(vardis mxatvruli funqcia)

eka CxeiZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

saqarTveloSi vardis kulti uZvelesi droidan mom-dinareobs. amas adasturebs istoriul-werilobiTi Zeglebi, toponimebi, wes-Cveulebebi. mis gamosaxulebebs vxvdebiT qvaTa da xeTa uZveles CuqurTmebze, sakulto da sayofacx-ovrebo nivTebze. maisis Tves vardobis Tve ewodeba. sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi `mevenaxes~ ganmartebis gverdiT gvxvdeba `mevarde~, e.i. vardis momyvani da mkrefveli, rac imas mow-mobs, rom es xeloba Zvelad saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovani iyo. Cvenamde moRweulia vardTan dakavSirebuli dResaswaulebi: `vardoba~, `vardmofena~, `vardfurcloba~ _ gazafxulze tardeboda garkveuli ritualebiT.

vardis simbolikas qarTul xalxur poeziaSi gamorCeu-li adgili ukavia (gansakuTrebiT satrfialo lirikaSi). vardis simbolikis kvleva qarTul xalxur poeziaSi war-mogvidgens rom:

vardi aris sicocxlisa da siyvarulis simbolo; qalis silamazis, mSvenierebis, siwmindis gamoxatva; surnelovani, yvavili da ganSorebis niSani.

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es metaforebi, epiTetebi, Sedarebebi, paralelebi xalxur leqsebSi qalis fizikuri silamazis, mSvenierebis ga-moxatvas emsaxureba: pirvardi, dilis vardi, maisis vardi, sa-moTxis vardi, gaSlili vardi, edemis vardi, vardis kona da sxv.

vardisferi silamazis feria. TeTri vardi ubiwoebis, siwmindis simboloa, xolo wiTeli _ vnebisa da ltolvis. amasTanave is ganasaxierebs daRvril sisxls, gancdas, sik-vdilsa da aRorZinebas. qristianebisaTvis mewamuli var-dis feri aris sisxlis, TviTon qristesa da RvTismSoblis simbolo. xalxur poeziaSi vardis saxelTan dakavSirebuli qristianuli simbolika TiTqmis ar gvxvdeba, Tu ar CavTvliT qalis Sedarebas edemis, igive samoTxis vardTan, magaliTad: `qalo, gaSlil vards gamsgavse, edemSi msxmoiaresa~ an `edem baRnaris vardi xar da silamaziT yvavixar~ da sxv. magram am leqsebSic sityva `edems~ ufro gadataniTi mniSvneloba aqvs da igulisxmeba Tvalwarmtaci, yvelafriT Semkobili adgili.

tradiciuli formulebi _ `vardis akrefa~, `vardis gaSla~, `vardis dafena~ _ satrfialo poeziisaTvis damaxa-siaTebeli simbolikaa. `vardis wylis~, `vardis nabanis~ erT-maneTisTvis gadasxma satrfialo lirikaSi siyvarulis SeTv-lis, siyvarulis gamJRavnebis niSania.

miTosur-folkloruli nakadi jemal qarCxaZis romanSi `zebuloni~

dalila bedianiZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

miTosur-folkloruli nakadi xSirad gvxvdeba rogorc qarTul Tanamedrove poeziaSi, aseve prozaSi da sakvlevad erTob saintereso suraTs qmnis. igi asazrdoebs da siRrmes matebs TviTeuli nawarmoebis dedaazrs, qmnis mxatvrulad mdidar qveteqstebs.

amjerad Cven SevexebiT jemal qarCxaZis romans `ze-buloni~, romelSic mkveTrad aris gamovlenili miTosur-folkloruli nakadi.

saintereso faqtia, rom jamel qarCxaZe Tavisi romanis personaJebis dasaxasiaTeblad, ama Tu im situaciis aRsawe-

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rad Zalian xSirad mimarTavs xalxur zRaprebs: zRaprul per-sonaJebs, motivebs da formulebs qarTuli xalxuri zRapre-bisas. qarTuli xalxuri zRapris gmiri mzeWabuki, romelic cxraTavian devebs da gveleSapebs WianWvelebiviT Jletda, Sedarebuli hyavs iovel batoniSvilTan, nestani _ zRaprul mzeTunaxavTan, xolo zebuloni _ amiranis eposis baybay devTan.

romanSi ramdenjerme gvxvdeba xalxuri zRapriseuli kudiani dedaberi, miTiur WinkebTan aris Sedarebuli nestani (`Winkebis mzeTunaxavi~). aqve naxsenebia berZnuli miTosuri mzis RmerTi heliosi da ilia winaswarmetyveli, romelic cecxlis etliT daqroda.

aseve ramdenjermea aRwerili zRapris moyolis qarTu-li tradicia, rodesac RamiT cecxlispiras Seikribebodnen adamianebi da zRaprebs yvebodnen.

jemal qarCxaZe zRaprebs ar aidealebs _ magaliTad, igi zebulonis daxasiaTebisas ambobs, rom mas ar izidavs axdeni-li zRapari, rodesac zRapris gmiri mters amarcxebs, mzeTu-naxavs irTavs colad da xelmwife xdeba, cxovrobs `tkbilad da bednierad~ (`amgvari dasasruli marTla dasasruli iyo, yvelafris dasasruli~).

miTosur-folkloruli nakadi amdidrebs j. qarCxaZis romans, zRaprul-miTosuri saxeebi da motivebi misi romanis organuli nawilia da amgvar paralelTa simravle teqstis siRrmeze migvaniSnebs.

qarTuli xalxuri sagmiro balada`lom-xuzaurni~

tristan maxauriivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

qarTul xalxur sagmiro poeziaSi cnobilia gorgi Ti-lisZis ciklis leqsebi da baladebi. TilisZe mTaSi ganTqmu-li saxalxo gmiria, romlis saxe xalxur poeziaSi gaorebulia: gmiri gareSe mtersac ebrZvis da Sinauri SuRlis amtexic aris; igi sastikad aoxrebs fSavis sofel xoSaras da xocavs

25

diac-ymawvils. TilisZis Sesaxeb arsebul ciklSi Seaqvs qse-nia sixaruliZes balada “TilisZem uTxra mamasa”, romelic mogviTxrobs TilisZis da mamamisis laSqrobas fSavSi, magram ara sofel xoSaraSi, aramed cabaurTaSi. aRniSnul brZolaSi TilisZe marcxdeba da brZolis velze rCeba mkvdari, mama ki brundeba TuSeTSi da rZals uambobs misi qmris sikvdilis ambavs. aRniSnul baladaze msjelobisas qsenia sixaruliZe daaskvnis, rom nawarmoebSi moxseniebuli TilisZe SeiZleba iyos gorgi TilisZis Zma, radgan gorgi TilisZe xalxuri leqsebisa da gadmocemebis mixedviT fSavSi ar iRupeba. Mmagram xalxuri sityviereba gorgi TilisZis Zmas ar icnobs. xalxuri gadmocemebis mixedviT TilisZe uZmo da obolia (`Tilis obo-li~). maS, vin aris aRniSnuli baladis gmiri TilisZe?

saqme isaa, rom am baladaSi sruliad SemTxveviT aris naxsenebi TilisZe. Mmis nacvlad unda iyos `Tinibeqi~ (`Ti-nibeqm uTxra mamasa~…). Tinibeqi qistia da ara TuSi. Amis Sesaxeb garkveviTaa naTqvami vano xornaulis mier Caweril variantSi (`cabaurTaSi qistisa jaria Camamdgaria~).

qsenia sixaruliZe eyrdnoba daviT xizanaSvilis Canaw-erebs. 1887 wels mis mier Sedgenil wignSi “fSauri leqsebi” aRniSnuli baladis ori variantia Setanili da orivegan TilisZea naxsenebi, vano xornaulis Canaweri ki gviandelia da 1946 wliT TariRdeba. maSasadame, qsenia sixaruliZe upi-ratesobas aniWebs ufro Zvel Canawerebs, magram es meTodi xalxuri nawarmoebis kvlevisas yovelTvis ar amarTlebs. SesaZloa mTqmelebs kargad ar axsovdeT gmiris saxeli da sxvadasxva ambebi erTmaneTSi aurion. Aam SemTxvevaSi zepir-sityvieri masala unda Segrovdes im soflebsa Tu TemebSi, sadac aRniSnuli brZolebi momxdara. xoSaris TemSi yvelas axsovs TilisZis amaoxrebeli brZola, magram cabaurTaSi TilisZis laSqris Tavdasxma aravis gaugonia, piriqiT, yvela adasturebs, rom Tinibeqi da mamamisi aleka qistiebi iyvnen. samwuxarod, daviT xizanaSvili ar uTiTebs, Tu visgan Caiwera xsenebuli teqstis variantebi, vano xornauli ki miuTiTebs, rom teqsti Tevdore gedexaurisagan Caiwera SuafxoSi. Gge-dexaurebi cabaurTis mTavarangelozis ymebi arian da maT ukeTesad moexsenebaT sakuTar Temze Tavdasxmis ambavi.

TilisZis xoSaraSi laSqrobaze saubrisas vaJas mohyavs leqsi `TuSTa qnes samRTo wovaTa~ da aRniSnavs: `es leqsi xi-

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zanaSvilis mier Sekrebils leqsebSiac aris, magram amazed kidev sxva leqsia mikerebuli~ (vaJa 1956: 49). vaJas es SeniSvna kidev erTxel usvams xazs im garemoebas, rom xalxuri teqste-bis Cawerisas saWiroa meti dakvirveba, mTqmelTa detaluri gamokiTxva da teqstisTvis damatebiTi informaciis darTva.

xalxur nawarmoebs mTqmeli iSviaTad asaTaurebs, amitom Camwerebs saTaurad gamoaqvT xolme an teqstis dasawyisi striqoni, an gmiris saxeli. Cveni baladis gmirebi arian lom-xuzaurni (Zmebi _ loma da xuzauri, gogolaurTis Temis warmomadgenlebi), romlebic sastikad amarcxeben qistebis jars. swored amis gamo Cvenc viziarebT vano xornaulis Sexedulebas da teqsts vasaTaurebT ase: `lom-xuzaurni~.

solomon brZenis funqciis folkloruli transformaciebis formebi

eTer inwkirveliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

bibliuri solomon brZenis saxis folklorizaciis sa-kiTxis dasmisas, upirveles yovlisa, sainteresoa, ra cvli-lebebi ganicada bibliuri solomon mefis saxem qarTul ze-pirsityvierebaSi, ra aris saerTo bibliasa da folklors So-ris, ra inovaciebs gvTavazobs qarTuli folklori bibliuri mefis saxis gaxalxurebisas, romeli folkloruli Janrebis personaJia solomon brZeni da ra funqciis matarebelia is.

qarTul folklorSi solomon brZenis saxe metad gav-rcelebulia. solomoni aris rogorc legendebis, ise zRap-rebis, xalxuri novelebisa da igavebis personaJi. gvxvdeba maTi rogorc prozauli, ise poeturi teqstebi, xSirad adgi-li aqvs Sereul formasac.

folklorSi bibliuri solomonis saxe ucvlelad ar ga-dasula. mravali motivi bibliisgan damoukideblad daukav-Sirda solomon brZenis saxes. amitom xSirad folklorSi so-lomoni meoreuli funqciiT gvxvdeba, rac imas niSnavs, rom mas folklorul variantebSi sxva personaJebisa da saxeebis funqcia miewereba an _ piriqiT. moxsenebaSi ganxilulia qar-

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Tuli folkloris swored es personaJebi. Seswavlili masa-lidan gamoikveTa solomon brZenis ramdenime paraleluri saxe. maT Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovania ieso qriste.

xalxur teqstebSi solomonsa da ieso qristes erTi da igive funqcia miewerebaT: brmisTvis Tvalis axela, qvriv-ob-lis gaxareba, ̀ xmeli~ mamlis ayivleba da sxv. rac, qarTuli da rusuli folkloruli masalebis safuZvelze, savaraudod, Tavdapirvelad ieso qristes funqcia unda yofiliyo da Sem-deg unda dakavSireboda solomon brZens. xalxisTvis miuRe-beli ar aRmoCnda solomonis yovlisSemZleoba, rac aseve Tev-zis gacocxlebis motiviT SemorCa xalxSi. is flobs zeadami-anur codnas, rac sakmarisia `xmeli~ mamlis asayivleblad da Semwvari Tevzis gasacocxleblad. solomons miewereba mama RmerTis funqciac, is sityviT aRadgens Tevzs, simbolurad _ ieso qristes. xdeba solomonis, bibliuri personaJis, ro-melic qristemde aTi saukuniT adre cxovrobda, qristiani-zacia. xalxur cnobierebaSi solomonis qristianuli alego-riebiT da epiTetebiT aRWurva uTuod mis sibrZnesTan aris dakavSirebuli da misive sibrZniT aris gamarTlebuli.

xSirad qarTul xalxur igavebSi solomon brZens Semoq-medi RmerTis funqcia aqvs dakisrebuli - is aris mWedlobis damfuZnebeli, magram ar aqvs unari, gadasces es codna ubra-lo mokvdavT. adamianebisTvis mWedlobis saidumlo gasagebi mxolod mas Semdeg xdeba, rac qriste moevlineba qveyanas. am SemTxvevaSi solomonis funqcia Zveli aRTqmis sakraluri sibrZnis gamoxatulebaa, romelic adamianebisTvis gasagebi mxolod mas Semdeg gaxda, rac qveyanas moevlina Ze RvTisa - adamianis saxiT (Sdr.: `Zvel aRTqmaSi dafarulia axali aR-Tqma, axal aRTqmaSi gacxadebulia Zveli aRTqma~ _ netari avgustine).

solomon brZenisa da ieso qristes Tanxvedra kidev ram-denime qarTul TqmulebaSi gvxvdeba, sadac msajuli solo-monis mier Tvalebis TviTneburad daTxras gaviazrebT, ro-gorc Sinagani xedvis gaxsnas, gaTavisuflebas miwieri sazru-nav-safiqralisgan. sibrmave aRiqmeba rogorc sikvdili, sxva samyaroSi yofna, xolo ieso qristes mier Tvalis sinaTlis dabruneba - solomonis marTlmsajulebis aRiareba.

qarTul zepirsityvierebaSi solomonTan Sepirispire-buli mwyemsi, romelic solomons Tavisi winaswarmetyvelu-ri unariT aocebs, TviTon solomonis paraleluri saxea.Qqar-

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Tul folklorSi solomonis saxes, rogorc adamianuri go-nebis simbolos, upirispirdeba adamianis intuiciuri Wvreta - mwyemsis saxiT. xalxis warmodgeniT, SeuZlebelia adamianu-ri goneba yvelafers Wvretdes da yvelaferi icodes. sinamd-vileSi ki solomonTan dapirispirebuli mwyemsi solomonis funqcias atarebs da mis tavtologias warmoadgens.

solomonis paraleluri saxeebia, agreTve, brZeni mo-xuci, romlis qaragmuli saubari mxolod solomonisTvisaa gasagebi da ubralo mokvdavT misi gageba ar SeuZliaT, aseve patara biWi, romelic yrma solomonis funqcias imeorebs, ex-mareba ra mosamarTles marTlmsajulebaSi.

solomon brZenis ciklis novelebSi gamokveTilia igave-biT saubari. gamocana, rogorc folkloris gansakuTrebuli Janri, xalxur cnobierebaSi solomonis saxes daukavSirda. solomoni xan gamocanis mTqmelia, xan _ amomcnobi. perso-naJebi, romlebic solomonis gamocanebs icnoben, TviTon so-lomon brZenis paralelur saxeebs warmoadgenen folklorSi.

naSromSi moyvanili ebrauli, serbuli, ukrainuli, ru-suli, Zveli franguli, italiuri da sxva xalxTa folkloru-li masalebi cxadyofs, rom solomonis xalxur TqmulebebSi aqtualuria avi dedakacis Tema, romelic folklorSi dedis an colis variantiT aris warmodgenili. bibliuri solomon mefis uricxv kerpTayvanismcemel colTa mimarT xalxis nega-tiuri damokidebuleba folklorSi Secvlilia qalTa mimarT TviTon solomonis uaryofiTi damokidebulebiT.

deda-dedoflis saxelisuflo diapazoni jadosnur zRaparsa Tu literaturul ZeglSi

qeTevan elaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

`Tu mefe saxelmwifos gonebas ganasaxierebs, dedofali _ mfarvelobis, dedobrivi zrunvis, qaluri srulyofis, si-brZnis (rac misi lurji samosiTaa xazgasmuli) da sulieri en-ergiis (oqros diademiT gamoxatuli) simboloa. Tu mefe mzea, is _ mTvarea... simboloTa sistemaSi dedofali, rogorc wesi, damoukideblad ar monawileobs da `mefe-dedoflis~

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dualisturi wyvilis nawilia. mxolod folklorSia gansx-vavebuli suraTi: aq feria-dedoflebi, zogjer grZneuli dedoflebi arian da Tavad wyveten samefoTa bed-iRbals~... (z.abzianiZe, q. elaSvili). arada, qarTuli eTnofsiqologiisa Tu eTnokulturis gaTvaliswinebiT, srulad gansxvavebuli saxiT warmodgebian dedoflebi qarTul xalxur zRaprebsa Tu zogadad, _ qarTul mwerlobaSi.

sagulisxmoa isic, rom miuxedavad qarTvel dedofalTa saocari istoriuli portretebisa (bunebrivia, maTi Rvawlis gaazrebiT). mxatvrul azrovnebaSi es fenomeni met-nakle-bad represirebuli Tu tabuirebuli saxiTaa warmodgenili, rasac mowmobs istoriul portretTa Semdegi ilustraciebi: wminda ninos Tanamdgomni _ misioneri dedoflebi _ nana dedofali da salome ujarmeli (mirianis Zis revis Tanamecx-edre); mowameobrivi jvris mtvirTvelni _ wminda SuSaniki Tu wminda qeTevani; anda dedoflobis umaRlesi rangisa Tu ganuzomeli saxelisuflo diapazonis gacxadeba saxeldeba-Sive, rac dedoflis mefed Seracxis universaluri fenomenia _ Tamar mefe (egvipteli dedofali xatSesupti, misi maRali mdgomareobis xazgasasmelad, `kikina wveriT~ gamoirCeoda).

swored amitom, saocaria, rom am TvalsazrisiT erTg-vari vakuumia qarTul mxatvrul azrovnebaSi, rasac mowmobs Tundac ̀ vefxistyaosani~. am ZeglSi deda-dedofalTa saxeebi TiTqmis Cakargulia, _ qarTuli zRaprebis msgavsad Tu mefis asulTa saxeebis ukeT warmosaCenad; arabeTis samefo deda-dedoflis gareSea warmodgenili; indoeTis samefoSi ded-oflis saxe imdenad mkrTalia, rom zogjer misi arsebobac ki gvaviwydeba. `vefxistyaosanSi~ mxolod `mamida-dedoflebi~ (davari Tu dularduxti) arian sabediswerod metyvelni...

rac Seexeba qarTul zRapars, romelic am fenomeniT sruliad gansxvavebulia evropuli zRaprisgan (iqneba es ger-manuli, italiuri, Cexuri Tu...) deda-dedoflis saxelisuf-lo ampluaSi warmodgenis amgvar sqemas gvTavazobs:

deda-dedoflebi ratomRac ganze gamdgarni arian, erT-gvarad CrdilSi imyofebian, maTi qmedebis arealic Seviwroe-bulia, rac Sesatyvisi saxeldebiTvea (oRond ara dedof-lis...) gamokveTili; amitomac isini xan ubralod `xelmwifis colad~ moixseniebian (`irmisa~, ̀ xristagan da belTagan tari-elebis araki~, imav `irmisaSi~ ki `xelmwifis coli~ Canacvleb-ulia `dedamTiliTac~), xan `xelmwifis dedad~ (`mzis asuli~),

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`mefis colad~ (`muzarbi~). amasTanave sainteresoa is gare-moebac, rom dedoflis saxe restavrirebulia mxolod imgvar zRaparSi (`cxra Zma~), sadac misi Zalaufleba maqsimalurad boroti sawyisiTaa gacxadebuli...

qarTul mxatvrul azrovnebaSi ratomRac ar xdeba is-toriuli realiebis gaTvaliswineba da erTgvarad tabuire-bulia Tu _ sagangebod daCrdiluli sadedoflo diapazoni.

adamianad yofnis tkbili sevda

nino balanCivaZeSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

adamianis Sexedulebam cxovrebis Sesaxeb, miwiermac da amaRlebulmac, fericvaleba ganicada, vidre sakuTari `mdgradi~ da ucvleli ieriT damkvidrdeboda Ze xorcielis cnobierebaSi.

`sicocxle sevda aris, adamianad yofnis tkbili sevda._ sikvdili?_ sikvdilic adamianad aryofnis sevda~.datova sofeli goderZi Coxelma, myudro samyofeli,

da dadioda qalaqSi ara `mokuntuli~, aramed rogorc zneo-bis, adamianobis, sikeTisa da mSvenierebis gansaxiereba sam-Soblos, bunebisa da adamianis siyvaruliT aRsavse.

Tavis erT-erT moTxrobaSi `devebis nasoflari~ god-erZi Coxeli wers: `maRalo RmerTo! es moTxroba aRsarebad CamiTvale da ise nu gaafermkTaleb deda-Svilobis madls, ise nu mogvakleb siyvaruls, rom devebs ufro vecodebodeT Cve-ni Cadenili codvebisaTvis, vidre Cven erTimeore~.

xTonuri Zalebisa da Ze xorcielTa Sexvedra-da-pirispirebis fonze mkafiod ikveTeba maTi Seyris adgilas mdgari adamiani Tavisi pirovnuli RirsebebiTa Tu nakliT. `gudamayris xeobaze dResac aris devebis nasoflari, sadac maTi saflavebicaa. eridebian gudamayrelebi RamiT siaruls, devebs rom ar gadaeyaron. Tumca, roca gadaeyrebian, xma ar unda gascen, arc Sexedon, arc magaTi mowvdili sasme-

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li dalion, Tu devi qalis warTmevas moindomebs an maTTan Sebmas,gudamayreli daiyvirebs _ `gviSvele, dido iaRsaro! _ da rogorc cis elva, ise ram gakrTeba im adgilas. damfrTx-ali devebi ki tyeSi mimoifantebian~. erTi SexedviT,TiTqos, mxolod miTosuri azrovnebiT sunTqavs `devebis nasofla-ris~ avtori, magram moxucis saubriT irkveva misi realuri sulieri samyaro :

`axla gudamayarSi vinmes rom hkiTxo: _ devi ginax-iao? _ siciliT mokvdeba~. _ ixsenebs goderZi Coxeli. Tumca kiTxvaze _ `papav, marTla iyvnen devebi?~ _ moxucs aTqmevinebs:

`_ iyvnen, maS! magram axla, Svilo, xalxi moeqca dev-eSmakebad da dev-eSmakebs aq raRa gaaCerebda. age, rogor dai-cala soflebi... xo gagigonia, upatrono eklesiasao...

gza ver itevs ukacobas. gza savse aris molodiniT da xalxiT. gzas pirvels stkiva qveynis satkivari. gza pirveli moelis SinmousvlelT. gzas pirvels moaqvs sixaruli: gzaze ki aTasobiT amvleli da Camvleli Cadis. vin icis, ramdeni amisTana gza aris dedamiwaze. roca gzaze adamianebi xSirad aRar dadian, gzamac mowyena iciso. TandaTan beltdeba da vi-wrovdeba. mere ki sulac nagzevi xdeba da emateba im sityvebs, rogoricaa: nasoflari, nasaydrali, nasaxlari, nafuZari, na-colari, da vin icis, kidev ramdeni sityva Seemateba am sity-vebs, vin gaigebs, rogor qars wamouberavs zenaari dedamiwaze, Tu adamianebi saerTod daiviwyeben iseT sityvas, rogoricaa _ siyvaruli!

axla yvela adamiani moTxroba mgoniao, amitomac yovel maTgans saTaurs uZebnida.

...da netav vicode, ra memarTeba! _ araerTxel uTqvams da moxiblula im didi wigniT, romelsac samyaro hqvia: `de-damiwa aris mziTa da mTvariT ganaTebuli didi wigni, romel-ic uxilavi Semoqmedis xeliT iwereba da iSleba; romelSic uamravi cocxali moTxroba cxovrobs~ _ amitomac sTxovs Semoqmeds Seaqmnevinos sakuTari samyaro.

kacis nasaxlars nu manaxveb da nu gaxdeba saqarTvelo naxevris _ naxevari. da Sen, kuziano dedamiwav, ramdenic genebos, itriale! dedamiwac trialebs, trialebs,

gudamayarTan erT-erTi gza devebis nasaxlarze gadis. adamianebi am gzas dResac gaurbian, gaurboda goderZi Cox-elic: `mTavaria devi ar Semxvdes da iymuvlon mglebma ram-

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denic undaT~. gmlebis ymuili ar aSinebs, ar eSinia devebisac, ubralod ar surs maTTan Sexvedra, joxsac uRerebs, devi hgo-nia da mxolod tiriliT amoicnobs sakuTar dedas,patiebasac sTxovs. deda-Svilis metad mgrZnobiare Sexvedra devs aat-irebs: `Cemo erTaderTo da sayvarelo Svilo! gageyina fexe-bi? aha, Tbili winda wamogiRe, gamoicvale, _ ubidan Wreli, jvriani windebi amomiRo da TviTon Camacva. mere uxmod Cavex-uteT erTmaneTs da uceb Cven iqiT aSkarad momeCvena tirilis xma. erTi ki vifiqre, devi xom ar aris-meTqi, magam mere ra? dedaCemi xom Cem gverdiT aris. risi unda eSinodes adamians, roca deda gverdiTa hyavs da Tanac gaToSil fexebze Tbil windebs acmevs,jvrian windebs!~

rogorc vxedavT, goderZi Coxeli metad ostaturad da bunebrivad akavSirebs miTosur elementebs qristianulTan da amasTanave, yuradRebas amaxvilebs adamianis amqveynad mosvlis daniSnulebaze.amitomac dResac aRsarebad unda CaiTvalos misi sityvebi: `ise nu gaafermkTaleb deda-Svi-lobis madls, ise nu mogvakleb siyvaruls, rom devebs ufro vecodebodeT Cveni Cadenili codvebisaTvis, vidre Cven erTimeore~.

xalxuri leqsi `meleSiSvilsa aqeben~

nino sozaSvilikavkasiis saerTaSoriso universiteti

saqarvelos aRmosavleTi nawili, kerZod ki qarTl-kax-eTi, saukuneebis manZilze daRestnelTa saTareSos warmoad-genda. lekTa Tavdasxmebi Tavisi sixSiriT umaRles mwver-vals aRwevs me-18 saukunis 50-60-ian wlebSi. lekTa winaaRm-deg brZola saqarTveloSi sayovelTao saxalxo saqmed iqca. bevri samoqalaqo da samxedro RonisZieba gatarda am saSiSi movlenis likvidaciisaTvis. adamianTa motaceba, gaxSirda. leki feodalebisaTvis igi Semosavlis ZiriTad wyarod da saarsebo saSualebad iqca. gaCndnen am saqmeSi daxelovnebu-li pirebic. tyveTa gatacebis saqmeSi yofilan `specialiste-bic~. meTvramete saukunis ukanasknel aTeul wlebSi qarTl-Si, kaxeTSi da oseTSi ganTqmuli iyo osi avazaki goda. ioane

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batoniSvilis gadmocemiT `goda iyo kacisa da tyvis myidavi, romelic iraklim gardaagdebina avazakobisgan~. vaxuSti ba-toniSvilis daxasiaTebiT osebi arian ̀ tyvis myidvelni, garna ara TavisTa hyidian~.

ara marto osebSi, aramed qarTvelTa Sorisac unda yo-filiyvnen aseTebi. am mxriv sainteresoa profesor d. gvri-tiSvilis cnoba paata da daviT ciciSvilebze: ̀ paata da daviT ciciSvilebi Tavs esxmodnen soflebs da mosaxleoba tyed mi-hyavdaT~.

aseT pirovnebaTa mxatvruli saxe, literaturasa da zepisityierebaSi iSviaTia. am TematikaSi calke adgils ikavebs tyveTa gatacebisa da maTi daxsnisTvis warmoebuli sisxlismRvreli brZolebi. Cvens zepirsityvierebas adamian-Ta gamtaceblTa an mekobreTa xelSemwyob pirTa konkretuli saxelebi iSviaTad Semounaxavs. am Sinaarsis xalxuri masali-dan sainteresoa leqsi `meleSiSvilsa aqeben~.

ramdenadac Cven viciT, es leqsi dRemde ar yofila spe-cialurad Seswavlili. xalxuri Txzulebis pirveli varian-tebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi _ kaxeTSi iqna mopovebuli. pirvelad sofel eniselSi (yvarlis municipaliteti) iqna Cawerili 1963 wels. Semdeg am leqsiT dainteresebulan kaxu-ri xalxuri Semoqmedebis cnobili Semkrebni: iv. gomelaSvili (iv. gomelauri), gr. afSinaSvili, z. CikvaiZe, iv. bequrauli, T. razikaSvili, s. makalaTia, d. karbelaSvili, v. xornauli, v. petriaSvili da sxv.

mkvlevarma ap. canavam es leqsi ucxoel dampyroble-bze arsebul xalxuri satiris cikls miakuTvna. docentma an. xinTibiZem am leqsidan mtris zneobrivi aRviraxsnilobis winaaRmdeg qarTveli qalis dapirispirebis momenti gamoyo.

leqsis variantebis saTaurebi: `sulZaRli meliqiSvi-li~, `Se, ZaRlo, meleSiSvilo~, `am ZaRlsa meleSiSvilsa~, da sxv. aSkarad miuTiTebs nawarmoebis personaJisadmi mTqme-lebis damokidebuleba.

lekianobis periodis amsaxvel xalxur leqs-simRerebSi sisxli da cremli zRvad aris dagubebuli. aseTi Tematikis leqsebSi moZalade mteri yovelTvis dakninebuli, damcire-buli saxiT aris warmodgenili.

leqsis variantebis mixedviT tyveTa gamtacebeli aris `meleSiSvili~, `beleSiSvili~, `melesiSvili`, `beleCiSvili~, `belalaSvili~ da sxv. igi ̀ meliqiSvilia~ T. razikaSviliseul samive variantSi.

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Tvramet variants Soris, Caweris mxriv, yvelze Zve-lia almatiseuli da gomelaSviliseuli teqstebi. pirveli dafiqsirebulia 1863 wels, meore _ 1889 wels sofel kon-dolSi (Telavi).

Cveni azriT, pirvel variantebSi ukeT unda iyos dacu-li gvaris fonetikuri mxare. amas is garmoebac emateba, rom leqsis adreuli variantebi Cawerilia imave raionSi, sadac TareSobda meleSiSvili. SesaZlebelia, leqsis Seqmnis loka-lic ar scildebodes alaznis xeobas. SevniSnavT, rom p. uSi-kaSvili mxars uWers azrs, rom leqsis mTavari pesonaJis gvari meleSiSvilia. amaze sabuTs iZleva koleqcioneris SeniSvna, romelic dasaxelebuli leqsis dastambul variants erTvis: `meore variantSi: beleSiSvilsa, lekebis beladi yofila~.

vin unda iyos meleSiSvili? CamwerTa SeniSvnebi da TviT leqsis analizi aRniSnu-

lis Sesaxeb zogierTi daskvnis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas gvaZlevs: p. uSikaSvilis SeniSvniT igi lekTa mier yvarlis morigi amklebi razmis beladia. ivane buqurauliseul vari-antSi igi `yazam~ ixsenieba _ `gviqeben meleSiSvilsa, yazize metis-metsao~.

`yazic~ jaris winamZRols, belads niSnavs. fiqsirebuli variantebis mixeTviTac meleSiSvili razmis ufrosia. leqsis CanawerebSi meleSiSvili yvarlis mooxrebasa da darbevaSi beladobisaTvis tyveebidan yvelaze lamaz qals moiTxovs:

meleSiSvili brZaebda, sityvas ambobda brZensao:`sabeladosa aviReb, beladic viyav dResao~.

TiTqmis yvela variantis mixediT damrbevi razmis bela-dad Cans.

ambobda belalaSvili: `me vibelade dResao~.

an: aSala daRestani da win wamouZRva leqsao.anda: daRistani daibara, win mouZRvoda leqsao.

aSkaraa, rom igi marbiel lekTa erT-erTi razmis beladi da winamZRolia. melSiSvli gamahmadianebuli qarTvelia. es SesaniSnavad Cans “beladisadmi” tyve-qalis mimarTvaSi:

saqristiano daagde bozbaS irCie flavio.

erT varantSi meleSiSvilis saxelic aris Semonaxuli. mas giorgi hqvia:

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giorgi eubneboda: me gibeladebT dResao,sabeladosac aviReb Sig amovarCev erTsao.

maSasadame meleSiSvili realuri pirovnebaa. igi gamah-madianebuli qarTvelia, mas giorgi hqvia da lekTa erT-erTi marbieli brbos winamZRolia.

qarTuli xalxuri sityviereba Zalzed mdidaria tyveTa gatacebaze Seqmnili poeturi ZeglebiT. samagierod, am Ze-glebSi iSviaTia iseTi saxeebi, romlebic samSoblos moRala-tisa da ZmaTa mkvlelis saqmianobas gadmoscems. leqsi `mele-SiSvilsa aqeben~ am mxriv gamonakliss warmoadgens.

qarTuli xalxuri cxovelTa zRaprebis tipologiuri analizi zRapris saerTaSoriso katalogis ATU 15

tipis konteqstSi

marine turaSviliSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

qarTuli xalxuri cxovelTa zRaprebi sazRapro epo-sis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani korpusia, romelsac Taviseburi forma da Sinaarsi aqvs.

zRapris tipTa saerTaSoriso katalogTan SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze SoTa rusTavelis erovnuli samecniero fondis xelSewyobiT 2010-2012 wlebSi ganxorcielda proeq-ti `qarTuli xalxuri prozis komparativistuli analizis eleqtronuli platforma~*, romlis farglebSi damuSavda SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutis fol-kloris arqivSi daculi gamouqveynebeli cxovelTa zRaprebi.

saarqivo teqstebis analizis safuZvelze dadginda, rom qarTul folklorul repertuarSi didi raodenobiTaa war-modgenili gareul cxovelTa jgufis SigniT ganTavsebuli zRaprebi. tipTa relevanturobis safuZvelze gairkva, rom

* aRniSnuli proeqti (№ B-23-10) ganxorcielda SoTa rusTavelis erovnu-li samecniero fondis finansuri mxardaWeriT. winamdebare publikaciaSi gamoTqmuli nebismieri mosazreba ekuTvnis avtors da SesaZloa, ar asax-avdes fondis Sexedulebebs. proeqtis samecniero xelmZRvaneli prof. e.dadunaSvili.

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qarTul xalxur zRaprul repertuarSi gansakuTrebiT popu-larulia tipi ATU 15 _ `naTliis~ mier saWmlis qurdoba~.

qarTul folklorul repertuarSi ufro metad gvxvde-ba martivi, erTtipiani ATU 15 zRaprebi, vidre kontaminirebu-li, Tumca, teqstebze muSaobisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miiqcia aRniSnuli tipis sxvadasxva tipebTan kontaminacieb-is Taviseburebebma, kerZod, ATU 15 xSirad kontaminirebulia qarTuli cxovelTa zRapris Semdeg tipebTan: ATU 1 (`Tevzis qurdoba~), 2 (`kudiT meTevze~), 20C (`cxovelebi Tavis saSve-lad garbian msoflios usasrulobaSi~), 20D* (“momlocveli cxovelebi”), 30 (`melia eSmakobiT agdebs mgels ormoSi~), 36 (`melia aupaturebs/itacebs daTvs~), 41 (`gaskdomamde naWami mgeli sardafSi~).

cxovelTa zRapris sxva tipebisgan gansxvavebiT, rom-lebic umeteswilad kontaminirebulia Tavissave jgufis tipebTan, xolo nawilobriv _ anekdotebsa da jadosnur zR-aprebTan, saanalizo tipi (ATU 15 _ `naTliis~ mier saWmlis qurdoba~) mxolod da mxolod cxovelTa zRapris tipebTanaa kontaminirebuli.

qarTul xalxur zRaprebSi aRniSnuli kontaminirebuli tipis adgils orgvaria, erTi mxriv igi iwyebs zRapars (mag., 15+1+36, 15+1+2+41+30 da a. S), meore mxriv _ asrulebs (mag., 20D*+15, 36+68A+15* da a. S.).

aseve mniSvnelovania ATU 15* tipis _ “melia mgels nadavlidan Sors Seacdens” _ qarTul zRaprul repertuaSi arseboba. aRniSnuli tipi arsebobs rogorc martivi, erT-tipiani zRaprebis saxiT, aseve kontaminirebulia sxva tipeb-Tan (mag., unbekannt+0036+0068A+0015*).

amrigad, zRapris saerTaSoriso katalogis tipi ATU 15 _ `naTliis” mier saWmlis qurdoba~ sakmaod mravalferovnadaa warmodgenili qarTul xalxur zRaprul repertuarSi. aR-niSnul tips erovnuli repertuarisTvis damaxasiTebeli Taviseburebic mravlad aqvs SeZenili. erT-erT zRaparSi magaliTad, napovn yvels personaJebi yvelierisTvis inaxaven, ramdenime zRaparSi qons qvevrSi an xlamSi (Tixis WurWelSi) inaxaven da a. S. es ki iZleva imis Tqmis mniSvnelovan safuZvels, rom qarTul xalxur repertuarSi saanalizo tipSi erovnuli Taviseburebebi mravladaa asaxuli.

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`cixes vzi ezom maRalsa...~

Tamar xvedelianiSoTa rusTavelis qarTuliliteraturis instituti

mecnier-mkvlevarTagan aRiarebulia, rom zRaprebi mWidrod ukavSirdeba miToss, kultebs, religias. miToss ki, Tavis mxriv, antikur misteriebTan mivyavarT, romlis Ziri-Tadi struqtura boroti Zalebis mier gatacebuli da safa-rveldadebuli RvTaebrivi cnobierebis Ziebaa, rac yvelaze xSirad simbolizebulia qalRmerTis an mefis mzeTunaxavi asulis saxiT.

analogiur struqturas vxvdebiT zRaprebSic (dakarg-va_Zebna_povna). es miTosuri sqemaa (z. gamsaxurdia), zRa-pari ki `Tavis miTologiur safuZvelSi miTs warmoadgens~ (v.propi, levi strosi).

zRaparSi mSoblebi saxlidan gasvlis win bavSvebs afrTxileben: ar datovon saxli, ar gadaabijon zRurbls, ar gavidnen ezoSi, ar gaaRon romelime oTaxis kari, radgan amas ubedureba mohyveba. am JAanris nawarmoebebSi samalavad moi-azreba ara mxolod saxli, aramed analogiuri datvirTvis matarebelia miwisqveSeTi, gamoqvabuli, qvesknel-zesknelis damakavSirebeli viwro biliki _ Wa (qvesknelSi Camavali mRvime).

miwisqveSeTi dafarul sulierTa adgilsamyofelia. iq eziarebodnen isini RvTiur sibrZnes, romelic mxolod rCeulTaTvis iyo xelmisawvdomi.

rCeulebs ar unda daetovebinaT sasaxle, Tvali ar unda gaesworebinaT mzisTvis, maTi fexi ar unda Sexeboda miwas. yovelive es mefeebsa da umaRles qurumebs exeboda, ramdena-dac maT zebunebriv SesaZleblobebs miawerdnen. mefeTa gan-sakuTrebul rolze ara mxolod qarTuli folklori amax-vilebs yuradRebas, qarTul agiografiul TxzulebebSic sa-gangebodaa xazgasmuli uRrmesi pativiscema im mniSvnelovani misiis gamo, rac mefes ekisreba eris winaSe. `vefxistyaosan-Sic~ mSvenivrad Cans gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba mefe-Ta mimarT.

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„aTnigenobebi“ TuSeTSi

mariam bakuriZeivane javaxiSvilis saxelobisTbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

aTnigenoba _ soflis sakulto salocavis karze gamar-Tuli religiuri dResaswaulia. sakulto salocavebi Tu-SeTis yovel sofelSia da zogan ramdenimec, magram mTavar salocavad erTi iTvleba da TviT am soflis mcxovrebnic am erTi „jvaris ymebad“ Tvlian Tavs.

salocavebis Zveli warmarTuli saxelwodebebi dRes TuSeTSi aqa-iqRaa SemorCenili: kopale, iaxsari, fiwali, Wixale... umetesoba qristianuli wmindanebis saxelobisa gamxdara: wminda giorgi, mTavar angelozi...

TuSebs mtkiced swamT TavianTi salocavebis RvTaeb-rivi Zala. sjeraT isic, rom yvelgan mTasa da barSi, Wirsa Tu lxinSi am salocavis Zal-madli Tan dahyvebaT, amitom arc man unda daaklos Tavis salocavs samsaxuri msxverplis Sewir-viTa Tu mis saxelze dagebuli sufris saxiT.

TuSis warmodgeniT jvars arafris saxe ar aqvs, igi arafers ar hgavs, is mxolod Zalaa da roca Tavis ymas eSvele-ba „cecxlis girklad“, raRac elvis msgavs ramed moevlineba. bevri Tqmuleba da miTiuri legenda arsebobs am cecxlis Taobaze.

sakulto salocavebs Soris, romlebic ramdenime iyo TiToeul sofelSi, erTi aucileblad „saxevsuro“ unda yo-filiyo. ar aris TuSeTSi erTi sofelic ki, sadac amJamadac ar miuTiTebdnen „xevsurT salocavis“ adgilsamyofels. xevsurTa ori salocavis niSebi iyo TuSeTSi: erTi- xaxmatis jvarisa da meore - karatis jvarisa.

„laSaroba“ yvelaze didi dResaswaulia TuSeTSi, ro-melic aRdgomidan mease dRes imarTeba da romlis daarsebac giorgi TilisZis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli. man fSavidan la-Saris jvris droSa wamoiRo da iq daasvena, sadac amJamad la-Saris jvris xatia (Tsufa 65789). „laSarobaze“ imarTeba qor-beRela, romlis drosac sruldeba jvaruli teqsti:

„dResam dReoba visia? wmindisi-d giorgisia“... am teqs-tis Sesrulebis dros TuSeTis yvela salocavs CamoTvlian xolme.

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religiuri dResaswaulebi kultmsaxurebiTi ceremoni-ali TuSeTis yvela sofelSi TiTqmis ar gansxvavdeba. Tavise-bureba mxolod gasarTobebSi da Sejibrebis wes-CveulebebSia.

istoriuli ambis transformacia zRaparSi: aleqsandre makedoneli qarTul folklorSi

elene gogiaSviliivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

evropul da aRmosavlur folklorSi farTod aris ga-vrcelebuli sazRapro motivebi aleqsandre makedonelis Ta-vgadasavlebis Sesaxeb. zepiri TxrobiTi tradicia, romelsac safuZvlad istoriuli da literaturuli wyaroebi udevs, uwyvetad ganagrZobs arsebobas antikuri epoqidan moyole-buli dRemde. antikur epoqaSive Cans tendencia, rom aleqsan-dres pirovnebiT ufro metad iyo dainteresebuli mkiTxveli Tu msmeneli, vidre istoriis dawvrilebiTi aRweriT. legen-daruli sardali aRtacebasac iwvevs da imedgacruebasac. misi saxe erTdroulad idealizebulic aris da dacemulic. aleqsandre makedonelis cxovrebis epizodebi qarTul zRa-prebSic aris interpretirebuli. am teqstebSi istoria mxo-lod fonia aleqsandresa da masTan dakavSirebuli movlene-bis asaxvisTvis. wina planze wamoweulia ara politikur-sa-zogadoebrivi, aramed sxva problematika _ kerZod, filo-sofiuri da eTikuri.

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osuri rituali `cofai~ da wminda maqsimesTqmuleba

xvTiso mamisimediSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

osuri saritualo cekva-simRera `cofai~ da leCxumSi gavrcelebuli wminda maqsimes Tqmuleba msgavs miTokultu-rologur elementebs efuZneba. maTi tipologia da stru-qturuli analizi arqetipuli invariantis rekonstruqcii-sa da saerTo kulturuli substratis, ZiriTadi siuJeturi xazis gamokveTis saSualebas iZleva. osuri ritualisa da maqsimes Tqmulebis ZiriTad qsovils msgavsi motivebiTa da sakraluri inventariT gamdidrebuli epizodebi qmnian, ro-goricaa: pureuli mosavlis mfarveloba, bunebis stiqiuri Zalebis monawileoba, mexdacemulis sikvdili, daRupulis ramdenjerme dakrZalva, xarebis mier micvalebulis safla-vis aRmoCena, salocavis daarseba, sakraluris yovelwliuri ganaxleba, amindis gamoTxova. maT Soris zogierTi elementi da miTologema universalur kulturul kategorias warmo-adgens, zogic _ kerZo gamovlinebas.

leCxumur zepir teqstebSi maqsime, iseve rogorc elia-vacila, pureuli mosavlis mfarvelad gvevlineba. is icavs yanebs qareiSvil-Wabukianis xarebisgan.

maqsime, elia-vacilas msgavsad, ganagebs aminds. urC qareiSvil-Wabukians man saswauli mouvlina: roca mezoblis kaloze dari idga, qareiSvilis kalos nisli exvia da wvima pu-reuli mosavlis dabinavebis saSualebas ar aZlevda.

osuri misteria `cofai~ eZRvneba mexisagan gardac-vlils, romlis daRupvac, xalxuri tradiciiT, dar-avdris mfarvel vacilas miewereba. leCxumur TqmulebaSi, marTalia, maqsime qareiSvilis nasroli tyviiT iRupeba, magram misi da-Rupvis epizodSi Cndebian bunebis stiqiuri Zalebi: Rrubeli da wvima. Tofis gasrola leCxumur teqstSi mexis gavardna-sTan asocirdeba. TviT mkvlelis gvari, qareiSvili, bunebis stiqias, qars ukavSirdeba.

leCxumuri teqstis mixedviT, gardacvlili maqsime da, osuri tradiciiT, mexisgan daRupuli, orive, wmindanad aris miCneuli.

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osuri tradiciiT, micvalebuls mexis Camovardnis ad-gilas marxavdnen, saflavze sam dRe-Rames morigeobdnen da cekva-simReriT vacilas adidebdnen. Tu wvimebi gagrZelde-boda, Wirisuflebi micvalebuls saflavidan iRebdnen da osebi mexisgan gardacvlils, ritualuri cekva-simRera `co-fais~ TanxlebiT, xelmeored marxavdnen. qarTuli teqstis mixedviT, qareiSvilma maqsime miwas samjer miabara.

maqsimesa da mexisagan gardacvlilis saboloo gansasve-nebels xarebi pouloben. rogorc osuri ritualis, ise maq-simes teqstis mixedviT, gardacvlils xarebSebmul uremze (marxilze) aTavseben, xarebs Tavis nebaze uSveben da sadac isini gaCerdebodnen, micvalebulsac iq marxavdnen. orive SemTxvevaSi saflavs wminda adgilad miiCnevdnen da im adgi-las mfarveli wmindanis saxelze salocavs agebdnen.

osuri cekva-simRera `cofai~ Rrma kosmogoniuri sim-bolizmis Semcvelia. ritualis monawileni mexdacemulis an misi saflavis garSemo xanjliT did wres Semoxazavdnen da xelCakidebulni marTavdnen wriul saritualo cekva `co-fais~. rogorc wesi, wris gadabijeba ekrZalebodaT. erT-erTi monawile warmoTqvamda sasimRero teqsts, xolo sxvebi imeorebdnen: `oi, alai, cofai, yvelas wyaloba!~

wriuli ritualuri cekva mexdacemulis saflavze, sa-locavis daarseba da xis dargva ganasaxierebs cisa da miwis kavSirs, dedamiwis Wipisken, samyaros centrisken mimarTul kosmiur RerZs. `cofais~ rituali da maqsimes misteria (z. kiknaZis terminiT) aris erTgvari meqanizmi, romlis saSuale-biTac xdeba adgilis sakralizeba. orive ritualuri sistema, romelic aisaxa maqsimes Tqmulebasa da osur `cofaiSi~, erT mizans emsaxureba: moxazos wminda adgili, moniSnos sakralu-ri centri, sadac mfarveli wmindanis salocavi aRimarTeba.

`cofai~, rogorc ritualuri cekva, imarTeboda, agreT-ve, Zlieri gvalvebis dros. ritualis monawileni vacilas evedrebodnen wvimis moyvanas, kardakar dadiodnen, asru-lebdnen `cofais~ da vacilas sadidebel simRerebs. analo-giur miToritualur models efuZneba maqsimes misteriac.

gadmocemis Tanaxmad, maqsimes murSi dakrZalvis dRidan, yovel kaloobas, dexviris cixesTan ikribeboda gawmendili da namarxulevi mosaxleoba, ZiriTadad mamakacebi, romlebic morCilebis niSnad kiserze `RvleWebs~ ibamdnen. isini, sasu-liero pirebis TanxlebiT, imave gziT midiodnen wminda maq-

42

simes saflavze, ra gzac maqsimes dakrZalvis dRes, odesRac, gaiares `usxma~ mozvrebma. misteriis monawileni ritualu-ri msvlelobiT mfarvel wmindans gamodarebas SesTxovdnen: `wminda maqsime, dari gviboZe!~

yovelwliuri ritualuri msvleloba dexviris cixidan maqsimes saflavamde kosmogoniuri simbolikis Semcvelia. msvleloba sakraluri centris ganaxlebis mizniT ewyoboda, anu kaloobis dros misteriis monawileni ritualurad imeo-rebdnen imas, rac odesRac moxda. m. eliades azriT, samyaros yovelwliuri ganaxleba yvelaze mniSvnelovan religiur ce-remonias warmoadgenda: `samyaros ganaxleba ki SesaZlebelia mxolod imis gameorebiT, rac ukvdavebma gaakeTes mas Jamsa Sina, Sesaqmes rom imeorebdnen~ (eliade 2009: 42-43).

amindis gamoTxovis osuri cekva-simRera `cofaisa~ da wminda maqsimesadmi miZRvnili leCxumuri ritualis stru-qtura gviCvenebs, rom maT msgavsi scenari udevT safuZvlad. orive maTgani gamoirCeva sinkretuli xelovnebis mZafri dramatuli formiT. isini atareben saidumlo ritualis sim-bolur niSnebs da aqvT mkveTrad gamokveTili religiur-mi-stikuri Sinaarsi. mas asruleben erTi religiuri sazogadoe-bis wevrebi, erTi Temis an sagvareulos warmomadgenlebi.

saritualo cekva-simRera `cofai~ (Cofai), osebis gar-da, dasturdeba yaraCaelebSi, balyarelebsa da afxazebSi. rogorc irkveva, kavkasiis xalxebs hqondaT msgavsi stru-qturis mqone amindis gamoTxovis miToritualuri sistema. mas icnobdnen qarTvelebic da es xalxuri modeli, rogorc scenari, safuZvlad daudes qristianuli wmindanisadmi miZR-vnil misterias.