foot and mouth disease situation · 2013-03-06 · global foot-and-mouth disease situation january,...

Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Situation

January, 2013

1

Foot-and-Mouth Disease situation Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Monthly Report January 2013

I N F O R M A T I O N S O U R C E S U S E D:

Databases: *OIE WAHID World Animal Health Information Database* *FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)*

Other sources: *FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks* *FAO/EuFMD projects and field officers*

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: *Laboratorie veterinarie de Goma, DRC*

* National FMD Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute (LVRI), CAAS, Gansu, P. R. China*

*Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Mukteswar Nainital Uttrakhand*

The sources for information are referenced by using superscripts.

The key to the superscripts is on the last page

Please, note that the use of information and boundaries of territories should not be

considered to be the view of the U.N. Please, always refer to the OIE for official information

on reported outbreaks and country status.


January, 2013

2

I. GENERAL OVERVIEW

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) distribution by Serotype and the seven virus pools, 2010-2013 (Map 1)

Pools represent independently circulating and evolving FMDV genotypes; within the pools, cycles of

emergence and spread occur that usually affect multiple countries in the region. In the absence of

specific reports, it should be assumed that the serotypes indicated below are continuously circulating

in parts of the pool area and would be detected if sufficient surveillance was in place (Table 1).

Map 1: Foot-and-mouth disease virus pools distribution, 2010-2013


January, 2013

3

Table 1: List of countries representing each virus pool

POOL REGION/COUNTRIES SEROTYPES

1

CENTRAL/EAST ASIA (Cambodia, China (People's Rep. of), China (Hong Kong, SAR),China (Taiwan

Province), Japan, Korea (DPR), Korea (Rep. of), Laos PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Russian Federation, Thailand, Viet Nam)

O, A, Asia 1

2 SOUTH ASIA

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka O, A, Asia 1

3

WEST EURASIA & MIDDLE EAST (Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bulgaria, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Pakistan,

Palestine Autonomous Territories, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)

O, A, Asia 1

4 EASTERN AFRICA

(Burundi, Comoros, Congo D. R., Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Rwanda, Somalia, North Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Yemen)

O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2

5

WEST/CENTRAL AFRICA (Benin , Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central Afr. Rep., Chad, Congo D. R.,

Congo R., Cote d'ívoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea Biss., Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Sao Tome Principe, Senegal,

Sierra Leone, Togo)

O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2

6 SOUTHERN AFRICA

(Angola, Botswana, Congo D. R., Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe)

{O, A}*, SAT 1, SAT 2, SAT 3

7 SOUTH AMERICA

(Ecuador, Paraguay, Venezuela) O, A

* ONLY IN NORTH ZAMBIA AS OVERSPILL FROM POOL 4 Egypt and Libya are indicated as being in multiple pools, since they have evidence of FMDV originating from 2 or more pools in recent years.


January, 2013

4

II. HEADLINE NEWS

POOL 1 China16 - A serotype O FMDV outbreak was reported in pigs Guangyuan, Sichuan province.

Viet Nam5 - Six samples, collected in October 2012 in were serotyped as A/ASIA/Sea-97. Three FMD type O viruses from the south of Vietnam (collected in April and November 2012) belonged to the ME-SA topotype, PanAsia lineage. Laos PDR9 – 12 FMD outbreaks in November and one in December 2012. were reported.

POOL 2

Bhutan5 – Genome of FMDV serotype O was detected in 8 submitted samples from Bhutan collected during the period September – November 2012.

Sri Lanka5 – 5 samples collected in 2009, 2010 and 2012 were typed as O/ME-SA. Samples were taken in Akkaraipattu, Minneriya, Kundasale and Sammanthurai.

POOL 3 Iran2 - During December 2012 and January 2013, 146 and 74 FMD outbreaks were reported, respectively. Trans-Caucasian countries (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan)2 - no FMD outbreaks or suspicious cases have been reported. Turkey2 – In Anatolia region, serotypes O, A and Asia 1 are still circulating.

POOL 4 Kenya7 – Serotype A outbreaks are continuing in Nakuru county, Rift Valley province. Democratic Republic of Congo14 - FMD has been continuously reported in Ruzizi plain (South-Kivu).

POOL 5 Nigeria & Senegal4 - SAT 1 serotype was reported in Nigeria and Senegal, the first reports of SAT1 in West Africa in over 30 years.

POOL 6

Zambia - Two FMDV SAT 2 samples from an outbreak in Mbala, Northern Zambia belonged to topotype IV. Four FMDV SAT 1 viruses from outbreaks in the Kazangula area belonged to topotype III (WZ).

POOL 7 No new events have been reported for this reporting period.


January, 2013

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III. DETAIL POOL ANALYSIS

P O O L 1 CENTRAL / EAST ASIA

China16 - A serotype O FMDV outbreak was reported in pigs (Table 2), in Economic Development Zone, Guangyuan, Sichuan province on 7th January 2013. The isolated virus belonged to O/SEA/Mya-98 lineage.

Table 2: FMD outbreak details

Viet Nam5 - Six samples, collected in October 2012 in Ho Chi Minh City, were serotyped as A/ASIA/Sea-97. All isolates showed 100% VP1 identity to each other and were closely related to viruses from Thailand and Malaysia from 2011-2012. Three FMD type O viruses from the south of Vietnam (collected in April and November 2012) belonged to the ME-SA topotype, PanAsia lineage. All serotype O isolates from Vietnam tested by 2dm VNT were antigenically matched with O 3039, while serotype A isolates poorly matched with A22 Irq, A Irn05, A May 97, and A Tur06 (Table 3).

Table 3: Vaccine matchineg results

2dm VNT

FIELD ISOLATES VACCINES

A22 Irq A Irn05 A May 97 A Tur06

A Vit 15/12 (mean) 0,17 0,10 0,16 0,22

A Vit 16/12 (mean) 0,25 0,11 0,14 0,24

r1 ≥ 0,3 suggests that there is a close relationship between field isolate and vaccine strain. A potent vaccine containing the vaccine strain is likely to confer protection. r1 < 0,3 suggests that the field isolate is so different from the vaccine strain that the vaccine is unlikely to protect.

Laos PDR9 – 12 outbreaks in November and one in December 2012 were reported (Map 2). Two outbreaks in November were caused by serotype O, while serotyping results for other outbreaks are pending. The outbreak in December was not sampled.

Map 2: FMD outbreaks in Lao PDR

YEAR REPORT DATE TYPE SPECIES SUSCEPTIBLE/NO. CASES/NO. DEATHS/NO. DISTROYED/NO.

2013 07/01/2013 O PIG 124 30 0 124


January, 2013

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FMD in most central and eastern Asia countries is endemic (Map 3). Brunei and Japan are the only countries in this region with the free FMD status where vaccination is not practiced.

There is a zone covering the provinces of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia which is designated as FMD free without vaccination. In China, the main threat comes from O/Mya-98 strain and PanAsia strain. The O/Mya-98 strain mainly affects pigs, although cattle and goat/sheep can also show clinical signs in some field cases. However, the type O PanAsia strain mainly affects cattle.

Map 3: FMD distribution by serotypes 2010 – 2013

Epidemiological analysis indicates that animal movements associated with trade are the main factors for the spread of the FMD and for transmission between provinces in China. Both Mya-98 and PanAsia strains of FMDV sequences from PR China had a close relationship with those sequences from outbreaks in Southeast Asian nations6. FMD history in past 2 years is given in Table 4.


January, 2013

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Table 4: Pool 1 FMD history 2010-2013

COUNTRY/6 MONTHS REPORTING TO OIE

FMD HISTORY (past 2 years) LAST OUTBREAK REPORTED/TYPE

OIE FMD STATUS

CAMBODIA, 2011 2011, 2012 – NOT TYPED1 OCT 2012/NOT TYPED

1 DISEASE PRESENT

CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP. OF), 2011, ½ 2012

2011, 2012, 2013 – O1, 16

JAN 2013/O16

DISEASE PRESENT

CHINA (HONG KONG, SAR) , 2011

2011 – O1, 5

2012 – O3

NOV 2012/O3 DISEASE PRESENT

CHINA (TAIWAN PROVINCE),

NO OIE DATA

2011 - 2011 – O 5

2012 – O

1

NOV 2012/O1 UNKNOWN

JAPAN, 2011 2011, 2012 - NO REPORTED

OUTBREAKS1

JULY 2010/O1, 5

FREE WITHOUT VACCINATION

KOREA (DPR), 2011 2011 – O1, 5

MARCH 2011/O1

½ 2011-PRESENT 2/22011 – NOT REPORTED

KOREA (REP. OF), 2011

2011 – O1, 5

APR 2011/O1

½ 2011-PRESENT 2/22011 – NOT REPORTED

LAOS PDR, NO SUBM. REPORTS

2011, 2012 - O9 DEC 2012/O

9 UNKNOWN

MALAYSIA, 2011, ½ 2012

2011 – O, A1, 5

2012 – O, A

1, 5

JUN 2012/O1

FMD FREE ZONE WHERE VACCINATION IS NOT PRACTISED

MONGOLIA, 2011 2012 - O10

2012/O10

½ 2011 – LIMITED ON ONE OR MORE ZONES, 2/22011 -NOT REPORTED

MYANMAR, 2011 2011 – O1 FEB2012/O

9 DISEASE PRESENT

RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 2011

2011 – O1

2012 – O1

MAR 2012/O1

½ 2011 – NOT REPORTED, 2/22011 -DISEASE PRESENT

THAILAND, 2011, ½ 2012

2011 – O, A1, 5

2012 – O, A

1, 5

OCT 2012/A, O1 DISEASE PRESENT

VIET NAM, 2011 2011 – O

1, 5

2012 – A, O5

NOV 2012/O5 DISEASE PRESENT


January, 2013

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II P O O L 2 SOUTH ASIA

Sri Lanka5 – 5 samples collected in 2009, 2010 and 2012 were typed as O/ME-SA. Samples were taken in Akkaraipattu, Minneriya, Kundasale and Sammanthurai. All isolates were close related to each other and to isolates form 2009 and 2012. The phylogenetic tree suggests that this unnamed linage has been in circulation in Sri Lanka since at least the late 1990’s.

India15 – FMD activities in India are given in Table 5.

Table 5: FMD activities in India

S NO ACTIVITY DECEMBER 2012 JANUARY 2013

1

DIAGNOSIS OF FMD BY SANDWICH ELISA

AND MULTIPLEX PCR

59 CLINICAL SAMPLES WERE PROCESSED FOR VIRUS SEROTYPE CONFIRMATION

52 CLINICAL SAMPLES WERE PROCESSED FOR VIRUS SEROTYPE CONFIRMATION

2 MOLECULAR

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FMD IN INDIA

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE DATA OF 3 SEROTYPE O FIELD ISOLATES WAS

GENERATED

NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE DATA OF 3 SEROTYPE O AND 1 SEROTYPE ASIA1 FIELD ISOLATES

WERE GENERATED

3

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION

OF CIRCULATING FMD VIRUS STRAINS

FIVE SEROTYPE O VIRUSES WERE GENETICALLY CHARACTERIZED AT L CODING

REGION

THREE SEROTYPE ASIA1 VIRUSES WERE GENETICALLY CHARACTERIZED AT L CODING

REGION

4

ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION

OF FMD VIRUS STRAINS AND

VACCINE MATCHING EXERCISE TO

PROVIDE THE MOST APPROPRIATE VIRUS

STRAIN FOR VACCINE

MANUFACTURER

THREE SEROTYPE O VIRUS ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY WERE CHARACTERIZED BY VACCINE MATCHING

SEVEN SEROTYPE ASIA1 VIRUS ISOLATES FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE COUNTRY WERE CHARACTERIZED BY VACCINE MATCHING

5 SERO-MONITORING

AND SERO-SURVEILLANCE

SERUM SAMPLES (N=2007, FROM CATTLE AND BUFFALO) WERE TESTED BY LIQUID

PHASE BLOCKING ELISA

SERUM SAMPLES FROM 2619 CATTLE AND BUFFALOES WERE TESTED BY R3AB3 BASED I-ELISA FOR NSP ANTIBODY ASSAY

SERUM SAMPLES (N=2360 FROM CATTLE AND BUFFALO) WERE TESTED BY LIQUID

PHASE BLOCKING ELISA.

SERUM SAMPLES FROM 6626 CATTLE AND BUFFALO WERE TESTED BY R3AB3 BASED I-

ELISA FOR NSP ANTIBODY ASSAY

6

PRODUCTION AND SUPPLY OF

DIAGNOSTIC REAGENTS FOR FMD

DIAGNOSIS, SEROTYPING, AND

POST VACCINAL SERO-CONVERSION

KITS OF LPBE FOR TESTING 23000 SAMPLES WERE PRODUCED AND SUPPLIED TO THE REGIONAL FMD

NETWORK LABORATORIES IN INDIA

KITS OF SEROTYPING ELISA FOR TESTING 2000 CLINICAL SAMPLES WERE

PRODUCED AND SUPPLIED

KITS OF R3AB3 I-ELISA FOR TESTING 5000 SERUM SAMPLES WERE PRODUCED AND

SUPPLIED

KITS OF LPBE FOR TESTING 12000 SAMPLES WERE PRODUCED AND SUPPLIED TO THE

REGIONAL FMD NETWORK LABORATORIES IN INDIA

KITS OF SEROTYPING ELISA FOR TESTING 1500 CLINICAL SAMPLES WERE PRODUCED

AND SUPPLIED

KITS OF R3AB3 I-ELISA FOR TESTING 5000 SERUM SAMPLES WERE PRODUCED AND

SUPPLIED

7 MAINTENANCE OF

NATIONAL FMD VIRUS REPOSITORY

5 FMD VIRUS ISOLATES WERE ADDED TO THE NATIONAL FMD VIRUS REPOSITORY

5 FMD VIRUS ISOLATES WERE ADDED TO THE NATIONAL FMD VIRUS REPOSITORY


January, 2013

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Bhutan5 – FMDV genome was detected in 8 submitted samples to FMD World Reference Labortaory collected during the period September – November 2012. FMDV was isolated from one sample and typed as serotype O. Regional Support Unit under FAO-ECTAD Kathmandu organized vaccine quantification using Liquid Phase Blocking ELISA PTS for SAARC countries2.

South Asia is known to be an FMD endemic area but very limited data on serotypes is available (Map 4). The PD-FMD at Mukteswar (FMD Reference laboratory for South Asia) is active in this region and is requested to provide information on FMD circulation that will assist improved understanding of virus circulation. FMD history in past 2 years is given in Table 6. Map 4: FMD distribution by serotypes 2010 – 2013


COUNTRY FMD HISTORY (past 2 years) LAST OUTBREAK REPORTED/TYPE

OIE FMD STATUS

BANGLADESH, 2011 2011 – O, A, Asia 16 NOT AVAILABLE

½ 2011DISEASE PRESENT, 2/22011- LIMITED TO ONE OR MORE ZONES

BHUTAN, 2011 2011, 2012 – O5 NOV 2012/O

5 DISEASE PRESENT

INDIA, 2011 2011, 2012, 2013 – O, A, Asia

11, 15

JAN 2013/O, Asia 1

3, 15

LIMITED TO ONE OR MORE ZONES

NEPAL, 2011 2011 – O, A, Asia 1

1, 6

20122

DEC2012/O2 DISEASE PRESENT

SRI LANKA, 2011 2011, 2012 – O1,

5 2012/O

5

½ 2011 - DISEASE PRESENT 2/22011 – NOT REPORTED


January, 2013

10

P O O L 3

WEST EURASIA & MIDDLE EAST Iran2 - During December 2012 and January 2013, 146 and 74 FMD outbreaks were reported, respectively (Maps 5 and 6, Table 7) with evident dominance of serotype A. Serotyping results are shown in graph 1. Qom province is the major hot point area in the country.

Map 5: FMD outbreaks December 2012 Map 6: FMD outbreaks December 2013

Table 7: FMD outbreaks December 2012 – January 2013

POSITIVE

NO OF

SAMPLES NEGATIVE UNSUITABLE

TOTAL POSITIVE

A O ASIA 1

DEC `12 (CVL+WA+FARS)

48 8 3 37 28 9 0

JAN `13 (CVL+WA) 84 28 1 55 43 12 0

Graph 1: Serotyping results Ocrober 2010 – January 2013.


January, 2013

11

Trans-Caucasian countries (Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan)2 - no FMD outbreaks or suspicious cases have been reported; no samples have been submitted for investigation. Vaccination is ongoing and proportions of vaccinated ruminants range for large ruminants between 74 % in Georgia and nearly full coverage in Armenia and Azerbaijan, and for small ruminants between 1 % in Azerbaijan and 15 % in Armenia and Georgia.

FMD history in past 2 years is given in Table 7 and Map 7.




OIE FMD STATUS

AFGHANISTAN, 2011 2011 – O, A, Asia 11, 5

DEC 20111 DISEASE PRESENT

ARMENIA, 2011 MONTHLY REPORTS

REGULARLY SUBMITTED TO EUFMD

2011, 2012 – NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS

1

NOT AVAILABLE NOT REPORTED IN THIS PERIOD

AZERBAIJAN, 2011 MONTHLY REPORTS



1

JUN 20011

NOT REPORTED IN THIS PERIOD

BAHRAIN, 2011 2011 – O, A, Asia 1

5

2012 – O5

MAR 2012/O5


BULGARIA, 2011, ½ 2012

2011 – O1, 5

JUN 2011/O1

½ 2011 – DISEASE PRESENT, 2/22011, 2012 - NOT REPORTED IN THIS PERIOD

EGYPT, 2011, ½ 2012

2011 – A, O1, 5

2012 – O, A, SAT 21, 5

JUN 2012/SAT 2

1

2011 – NOT REPORTED, 2012 - DISEASE PRESENT

GEORGIA, 2011 MONTHLY REPORTS



1

20021


IRAN, 2011 2011, 2012, 2013 – O, A, Asia

15

JAN 2013/O5, A

2, Asia 1

5 DISEASE PRESENT

IRAQ, 2011 2011 – O,A

1

2012 – A5

20125/A DISEASE PRESENT

ISRAEL, 2011 2011 – O1

MAR 2012/O5 DISEASE PRESENT


January, 2013

12

2012 – O5

JORDAN, 2011 2011, 2012 – NO REPORTED

OUTBREAKS1

20061


KAZAKHSTAN, 2011 2011 – O, A

1

2012 – O, A5

MAY 2012/O10

DISEASE PRESENT

KUWAIT, 2011 2011, 2012 – O5 FEB 2012/O

5 DISEASE PRESENT

KYRGYZSTAN, 2011 2011 – O, A1 NOV 2011/O, A

1


LEBANON, 2011 2011, 2012 – NO REPORTED

OUTBREAKS1

03/20101


LIBYA, NO SUBM. REPORTS

2011 – O5

2012 – O, SAT 25

APR 20121, 5

DISEASE PRESENT

OMAN, 2011 2011 - NO DATA AVAILABLE DEC 20111 DISEASE PRESENT

PAKISTAN, 2011 2011 – Asia 1, O

2012 – O, A, Asia 15, 13

JUN 2012/O, Asia 1, A

5, 13


AUTONOMOUS TERRITORIES

PALESTINE, 2011

2011 – O, A, Asia 11

2012 – SAT 21, 5

APR 2012/SAT 2

5

LIMETED TO ONE OR MORE ZONES

QATAR, 2011 NO DATA AVAILABLE

½ 2011 – NOT REPORTED, 2/22011DISEASE PRESENT

SAUDI ARABIA, 2011 2012 – O5 JULY 2012/O

5 DISEASE PRESENT

SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC, 2011


1

03/20021


TAJIKISTAN, 2011 2011 – Asia 11 NOV 2011/Asia 1

1

½ 2011 – NOT REPORTED, 2/22011 - DISEASE PRESENT

TURKEY, 2011, ½ 2012

MONTHLY REPORTS REGULARLY SUBMITTED

TO EUFMD

2011 – Asia 1, A, O5,1

2012 – Asia 1, A

5, O

1

DEC 2012/O, A5, Asia 1

1 DISEASE PRESENT

TURKMENISTAN NO SUBM. REPORTS

NO DATA AVAILABLE UNKNOWN

UZBEKISTAN NO SUBM. REPORTS

NO DATA AVAILABLE UNKNOWN


January, 2013

13

P O O L 4

EASTERN AFRICA

Tanzania5 – Several virus isolates were submitted to the WRL for analysis. Two FMD type O viruses (from Arusha) belonged to the EA-2 topotype and were closely related to each other and next most closely related to viruses from Kenya in 2010-2011. Two FMD type A viruses (also from Arusha) belonging to the AFRICA topotype, G-I lineage, were identical to each other by VP1 sequencing and related to viruses from Kenya and Tanzania in 2008-2009 and viruses from the DR Congo in 2011. Eight FMD SAT 1 viruses from Manyara belonged to topotype I (NWZ) and were related to older viruses from Tanzania and Kenya (1999-2011). Seventeen FMD type SAT 2 viruses (14 from Mara and three from Manyara belonged to topotype IV and were closely related to viruses from Tanzania and Kenya in 2011.

Kenya7 – Serotype A outbreaks are continuing to appear in Nakuru county, Rift Valley Province. Democratic Republic of Congo14 - During January 2013 in Ruzizi plain (South-Kivu) FMD suspicions have been reported. Morbidity and mortality were low. Samples were not taken nor were any laboratory tests performed.

East Africa is known to be FMD endemic area but with limited available data (Map 8).

FMD history in past 2 years is given in Table 8.



January, 2013

14



OIE FMD STATUS

BURUNDI, 2011 2011 – O, A, SAT 1, SAT 27

20117 UNKNOWN

COMOROS, 2011 2011 - DISEASE SUSPECTED

BUT NOT CONFIRMED1

20101

SUSPECTED NOT CONFIRMED

CONGO D. R. , 2011 2011, 2012 O, A, SAT 17 2011/2012

7, NO PRECISE

DATA LIMITED TO ONE OR MORE ZONES

DJIBOUTI, 2011 2011 – ABSENT1 NOT AVAILABLE


EGYPT , 2011, ½ 2012

2011 – A, O1, 5

2012 – SAT 21, 5

JUN 2012/SAT 2

1

2011 – NOT REPORTED, 2012 - DISEASE PRESENT

ERITREA, NO SUBM. REPORTS

2011 – O5 DEC 2011/O

5 UNKNOWN

ETHIOPIA, 2011 2011 – A, SAT 1, O

5, 7

2012 – O5

2012/O5 DISEASE PRESENT

KENYA, 2011 2011 – O, SAT 1, SAT 2

1, 5

2012, 2013 – SAT 2, A7

JAN 2013/A, SAT27 DISEASE PRESENT

LIBYA , NO SUBM. REPORTS

2011 – O5

2012 – O, SAT 25,7

APR 2012

1, 5 DISEASE PRESENT

RWANDA, NO SUBM. REPORTS

2011 – ABSENT7

2012 – NOT TYPED2

NOV 2012/NOT TYPED2 UNKNOWN

SOMALIA, 2011 2011 – NO DATA AVAILABLE 20111 DISEASE PRESENT

NORTH SUDAN, 2011 2011 – A, O1

DEC 20111 DISEASE PRESENT

SOUTH SUDAN, 2011 2011, 2012 – O, SAT 1, SAT 2,

A7

20117 DISEASE PRESENT

TANZANIA, 2011 2011 – SAT 1(buffalo), SAT 2

(cattle), O7, SAT3

1, 5

2012 – A, O, SAT 1, SAT 25

MAY-JULY 2012/A, O, SAT 1, SAT 2

5

DISEASE PRESENT

UGANDA, 2011 2011 – O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2,

SAT37, 2, 1

201211

NOV 2012

11 DISEASE PRESENT

YEMEN, NO SUBM. REPORTS

NO AVAILABLE DATA


January, 2013

15

P O O L 5

WEST/CENTRAL AFRICA

Nigeria & Senegal4 - SAT 1 serotype was reported in Nigeria and Senegalthrough the RESOLAB FMD subnetwork. These were the first reports of SAT1 in West Africa in over 30 years. In 2012, 13 outbreaks were reported in Burkina Faso, 3 outbreaks in Gambia (serotype O), 6 outbreaks in Ghana (serotype O), more than 100 outbreaks in Nigeria (serotypes O, A, SAT 1, SAT 2), 5 outbreaks in Senegal (serotypes O, A, SAT 1), 3 outbreaks in Togo 3 (serotype O)4.

Foot and mouth disease is endemic in West Africa

(Map 9). In Gabon, Sierra Leone, Mauritania,

Guinea, Guinea Biss. FMD has not been reported

at least in the last 3 years.




January, 2013

16



OIE FMD STATUS

BENIN, 2011 2011 – A, O, SAT 1, SAT 24, 1

DEC 2011/O, A, SAT 1, SAT

21

DISEASE PRESENT

BURKINA FASO, 2011 2011, 2012 – O, A, SAT 24

NO PRECISE DATA, DEC 2011

1

DISEASE PRESENT

CAMEROON, 2011 2011 – O, A, SAT 24,1

20124 DISEASE PRESENT

CAPE VERDE , NO SUBM. REPORTS

NO DATA AVAILABLE

CENTRAL AFR. REP. 2011

NO DATA AVAILABLE DISEASE PRESENT

CHAD, NO SUBM. REPORTS

2011, 2012 – A, SAT 14

2011/20124, NO PRECISE

DATA UNKNOWN

CONGO D. R. , 2011 2011, 2012 O, A, SAT 14

DEC 201214

/NOT TYPED LIMITED TO ONE OR MORE ZONES

CONGO R., NO SUBM. REPORTS

NO DATA AVAILABLE

COTE D'ÍVOIRE, 2011 2011 – SAT 1, A1, O, SAT 2

4 2011

4


EQUATORIAL GUINEA, 2011

NO DATA AVAILABLE DISEASE SUSPECTED, NOT CONFIRMED

GABON, 2011 2011 – ABSENT1 NO IN 2006-2012 PERIOD

1 NEVER REPORTED

GAMBIA, NO SUBM. REPORTS

2011, 2012 –O, A, SAT 29 2012

4/O DISEASE PRESENT

GHANA, 2011 2011 – O, A, SAT 1, SAT 24, 1


GUINEA BISS., 2011, ½ 2012

2011, 2012 – ABSENT1 NO IN 2009-2012 PERIOD

1


GUINEA, 2011, ½ 2012

2011, 2012 – ABSENT1 NO IN 2007-2012 PERIOD

1


LIBERIA, NO SUBM. REPORTS

2011, 2012 – A, SAT 24

2011/20124, NO PRECISE

DATA UNKNOWN

MALI, 2011 2011/2012 – O, A, SAT 1, SAT

24, 1

2011/2012

4, NO PRECISE


MAURITANIA, 2011 2011, 2012 – ABSENT1 NO IN 2007-2012 PERIOD

1


NIGER, 2011 2011/2012 – O, A, SAT 1, SAT

24, 1

NO PRECISE DATA,

OCT 20111


NIGERIA , 2011, ½ 2012

2011/2012 – O, A4, 1

OCT/NOV 2012/A, O, SAT 1,

SAT 24

DISEASE PRESENT

SAO TOME PRINCIPE, NO SUBM. REPORTS

NO DATA AVAILABLE

SENEGAL, 2011 2011/2012 – O, A, SAT 1, SAT

24, 1

2012/O, A, SAT 1

4

DISEASE PRESENT

SIERRA LEONE, 2011 2011, 2012 – ABSENT1 OCT 1958

1


TOGO, 2011 2011, 2012 – O, SAT 11, 4, 1



January, 2013

17

P O O L 6

SOUTHERN AFRICA

Zambia5- Two FMDV SAT 2 samples, taken from an outbreak in Mbala, Northern Zambia in February 2012 and analysed by the WRL, belonged to topotype IV and were closely related to viruses from Tanzania (2011-2012). Four FMDV SAT 1 viruses from outbreaks in the Kazangula area in June 2012 belonged to topotype III (WZ) but were not closely related to other SAT 1 viruses

Swaziland and Lesotho are free from FMD without

vaccination. Also, there is a zone in both Botswana

and Namibia which is FMD free without vaccination,

since 2010 and 1997 respectively (Map 10).





OIE FMD STATUS

ANGOLA, NO SUBM. REPORTS

NO REPORTED OUTBREAKS DEC. 2010/ SAT 21 UNKNOWN

BOTSWANA, 2011 2011 – SAT 2

5 SAT 2

1

2012 – SAT 21

OCT 2012/ SAT 21


CONGO D. R. , 2011 2011, 2012 O, A, SAT 14 2011/2012

9, NO PRECISE


MALAWI, 2011 2011 – SAT 21 OCT 2011

1 DISEASE PRESENT

MOZAMBIQUE, 2011 2011 – SAT 21 JUN 2011/SAT 2

1 DISEASE PRESENT

NAMIBIA, 2011 2011 – SAT 1

1

2012 – SAT 11

JAN 2012/SAT 11


SOUTH AFRICA, 2011 2011 – SAT 1

1

SAT 21

2012 – SAT 21

APR 2012/SAT 21 DISEASE PRESENT

ZAMBIA, 2011 2012 – SAT 15, SAT 2

1 JUN 2012/SAT 1

5 DISEASE PRESENT

ZIMBABWE, 2011 2011 – SAT 2

1

2012/NOT TYPED12

2012/NOT TYPED

12 DISEASE PRESENT


January, 2013

18

P O O L 7

SOUTH AMERICA

Most South America countries are

FMD free with (Uruguay)/without

(Chile, Guyana) vaccination or with free

zones with/without vaccination. Small

areas of the continent are considered

as endemic but clinical cases are rare

(Map 11).




COUNTRY FMD HISTORY (past 2

years) LAST REPORTED/TYPE

COUNTRY FMD STATUS

1

CONTROL MEASURES

ECUADOR, 2011, ½ 2012

2011 – O1 AUG 2011/O

1

2011 – DISEASE PRESENT, 2012 – NOT REPORTED

ROUTINE VACCINATION - CATTLE

PARAGUAY, 2011 2011 – O1 DEC 2011/O

1

½ 2011 – NOT REPORTED, 2/22011 - LIMITED TO ONE ZONE

ROUTINE VACCINATION – CATTLE, BUFFALOES

VENEZUELA, NO SUBM.

REPORTS

2011 – O8

A8

2011/O, A8 UNKNOWN


January, 2013

19

The key to the superscripts is below: 1. WAHID Interface – OIE World Animal Health Information Database http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=home 2. Reports from FAO/EuFMD projects and field officers 3. Dr. Esther TO: Foot and Mouth Disease Hong Kong Situation, Update; Animal Management Division Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, 10 August 2012 4. FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks (RESOLAB-FMD West Africa) 5. World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (WRLFMD), www.wrlfmd.org 6. Conference on Scientific Developments and Technical Challenges in the Progressive Control of FMD in South Asia, New Delhi, India, 13-15 February 2012. 7. FAO/EuFMD supported FMD networks (EARLN-FMD Eastern Africa) 8. SENASA, Argentina 9. SEAFMD 10. Open session of the EuFMD, Jerez de la Frontera, Spain. 29-31 October 2012. 11. Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries. National Animal Disease Diagnostics and Epidemiology Centre (NADDEC) P.o. BOX 513, Entebbe, Uganda 12. Dr C Njagu (Division of Veterinary Field Services): Current status of the livestock sector in Zimbabwe, ACWG MEETING OF 31STMAY 2012 13. Pakistan – FMD Bulletin, Vol 1 (1-2), January-June, 2012 14. Laboratorie veterinarie de Goma, DRC 15. Project Directorate on Foot and Mouth Disease, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Mukteswar Nainital Uttrakhand, 263138 16. OIE/China national FMD reference laboratory

http://web.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=home

http://www.wrlfmd.org/

foot and mouth disease situation · 2013-03-06 · global foot-and-mouth disease situation january,...

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