for the delivery of traffic controller - managemysales · purpose of traffic control 2 course...

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Copyright Kelyn Training Services 2011

Approved training provider

for the delivery of

Traffic Controller National unit

RIIOHS205A Control Traffic with a Stop/Slow Bat

Course notes

Name: ………………………………………………………

Kelyn Training Services

Building F, 33 – 37 Murray Road (South) WELSHPOOL

WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6106

Tel: 08 9356 3455 of Fax: 08 9356 2897

[email protected] www.kelyn.com.au

Kelyn Training Services is a

Registered Training Organisation

and is certified to AQTF standards.

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Contents Page Purpose of Traffic Control 2 Course Objectives 2 Traffic Control Risks 2 Mandatory Breaks 3 Escape Route 3 Situations Requiring Traffic Control 4 Public Relations & Personal Aspects 5 Dealing with the Public 5 Pedestrians who may require assistance 5 Half Road Closed? 6 What Authority do you have? 7 If a Driver Disobeys 7 Approach Speed to Traffic Controller 8 Placement of Signs 8 Tools of the Trade 9 Features of a Stop–Slow bat 9 Hi-Visibility Vests - Day works 10 Hi-Visibility Vests - Night works 10 Prepare to Stop Sign 11 Traffic Controller (symbolic) sign 11 Positioning of Prepare to Stop/Traffic Controller (symbolic) signs 12 Select the right delineation for the job 13 Also for Night Works 13 Use of STOP/SLOW bat when stopping traffic 14 A suitable break in traffic 16 Who would you stop? 16 Use of STOP/SLOW bat when releasing traffic 16

Worksite Access/Egress 17 Trucks reversing into the site 18 Slowing traffic past the worksite 18 Working near railway crossings 19 Blasting 20 Other hazards include 20 Solutions to poor visibility 20 Two Way Radios 21 Emergencies 24 Packing up a work site 24 In summary 25 References Australian Standard 1742.3 Traffic control for works on roads MRWA Traffic management for works on roads Code of Practice MRWA Traffic Controllers’ Handbook

This course includes theory elements of RIIOHS205A Control Traffic with a Stop/Slow Bat.

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Purpose of Traffic Control To meet our obligations under the OSH Act and the Duty of Care regulations by ensuring the safety of the;

• Traffic Controller

• Workers on site • Motoring Public • Pedestrians • Disabled And maintain access to business & private property Provide good public relations and provide assistance.

Course Objectives • Ensure relevant procedures outlined in the Traffic Management

Plan (TMP) are followed.

• Ensure the safety of anyone who comes into contact, or who is affected by the worksite.

• To ensure work proceeds efficiently i.e. priority given to worksite vehicle movements.

• To maintain the best possible ‘continuity of flow’ for the traffic i.e. keep traffic delays to a minimum.

• Reduce inconvenience to all footpath users i.e. pedestrians should not be held up for more than 2 to 3 minutes.

Traffic Control Risks • Traffic Control has unexpected dangers for traffic controllers and

the workers i.e. erratic/dangerous drivers, mentally impaired, accidents/incidents etc.

• Traffic Controllers need to be aware of the dangers and be prepared i.e. find out what the emergency/evacuation procedures are for the site.

• Constantly monitor the worksite to ensure the traffic control measures are effective i.e. Monitor signs and devices to ensure secure and visible to traffic. Also monitor the work area to ensure workers/pedestrians are clear of the travelled path.

• To ensure safety, traffic controllers need to stay alert.

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Mandatory Breaks • Traffic Controllers are to have a 15 minute break from doing traffic

control every two (2) hours. • This is a mandatory requirement in AS1742.3 • May be asked to do other work during this break • Multi-tasking helps with compliance i.e. any other TC accredited

worker onsite could take over during the break • Breaks to be noted in the Daily Diary or Roster (attached to the

TMP) & signed off • Keeping the Traffic Controllers alert helps to ensure everyone's

safety

Escape Route • Don’t turn your back to approaching traffic.

• Usually 90 degrees to and away from the traffic.

• Must be so the traffic controller can move to safety without the risk of being hit by either site vehicles or the public.

• Not in the middle of the road unless an adjacent lane has also been closed, and/or controls in place to stop an errant vehicle i.e. Parked Truck or Barrier system.

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Example of protection used to cover the Traffic Controllers escape route when working in the middle of the road.

• Check regularly to ensure not blocked.

• Stay alert; be ready to move quickly to the escape route.

• Workers physically unable to move quickly to escape (i.e. injured) are not suitable for Traffic Control work.

Situations Requiring Traffic Control • Lane closure on a two lane, two way road

• When imposing a worksite speed less than 40km/h. Traffic Controllers are permitted to bank up vehicles to reduce the speed. Stopping a lead vehicle and telling the driver to maintain a certain speed through the site can also be affective in maintaining an acceptable speed.

• Trucks in and out of construction sites

• As a ‘crossing guard’ for pedestrians

• Slowing traffic past a worksite

• Directing traffic past or around a hazard

• Where blasting is being carried out

• Emergency situations

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Public Relations & Personal Aspects Bearing and appearance

• The traffic control is the visible face of your organisation and must be well presented at all times.

• High visibility clothing and the required PPE (site specific) must be worn.

Dealing with the Public • The traffic controller must be polite and courteous and consider the

needs of all road users and pedestrians.

• Conflicts with road users should be avoided.

• Drivers that wish to complain should be referred to the supervisor

• Traffic Controllers should not leave their post to talk to drivers. If it is necessary due to excessive delays then another worker should be used for this task.

• Don’t talk to the driver at the driver’s side of the vehicle. This compromises your escape route.

• Explaining to an angry driver that you are stopping them for their safety and it won’t be long, will help calm the situation.

Pedestrians who may require assistance • Do not leave your post

• Maintain control of the traffic

• Encourage other pedestrians to assist

• Call the supervisor/worksite for assistance if there is no other option

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Half Road Closed?

• Do not use any signs or devices (Arrow boards, Temporary Hazard Markers) that direct traffic into the other lane prior to the worksite.

• Only the Traffic Controller can direct the traffic to the opposite side of the road.

• Temporary Hazard Markers may be used in the taper to assist the

traffic controller, but not so that traffic will change lanes prior to reaching the Traffic Controller.

• Temporary Hazard Markers are only mandatory for night operations. They may also be used along the edge (cone line) of the worksite to ensure the traffic stays in the correct lane i.e. Long worksites

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What Authority do you have? Road Traffic Code 2000, Road Traffic Regulation 83 provides Traffic

Controllers with the following legal authority;

When Stopping Traffic In accordance with Reg. 83; ….“an offence is committed if the driver fails to comply with a hand

held ‘STOP’ sign displayed by a Traffic Controller”

When Releasing Traffic Reg. 83 states that a driver may only proceed……

• ‘A’ …if the Traffic Controller turns the bat to “SLOW’ and indicated to proceed.

• ‘B’ …otherwise indicates that the driver may proceed through the ‘STOP’ bat.

• ‘B’ is used for contingencies & emergencies.

If a Driver Disobeys If a driver disobeys the direction of a Traffic Controller, the Traffic Controllers shall………….

• Follow the procedure outlined in the Traffic Controllers Handbook section 3.10

• Make a diary note to state that this has been done • The Supervisor shall then visit a Police Station and complete a

official incident report form • Offenders cannot be phoned in to the Police

Authority The public is unaware of your authority so …..

• Look the part (presentation and equipment)

• Make sure drivers have seen you

• Drivers to have sufficient time to comply

• Firm and decisive actions (hand signals)

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• Do not argue with public (refer supervisor)

• Ignore abuse from public

• Call for assistance if unsure what to do

Approach Speed to Traffic Controller • Maximum approach speed to the Traffic Controller is 60 km/h.

• Determined by the worksite.

• If 1.2m separation exists between the workers on foot and the travelled path then a 60 km/h limit could be used (a Bollard & Containment fence may be used to keep workers clear).

• If workers on foot are within 1.2m of the travelled path then a 40 km/h limit is required.

Placement of Signs A Traffic Controller must consider a number of factors when using signs – These include:

• Checking the requirements of the Traffic Management Plan.

• Which signs? I.e. Prepare to Stop/Traffic Controller (symbolic)

• What approach speed, based on worksite?

• Adequate sight distance? I.e. Reaction time

Illustrated above is the minimum sight distance that a driver should be able to see the traffic controller or the end of a queue

I.e. In a 60km/h zone D = 45m. Therefore sight distance = 1.5 x 45m = 67.5m

Refer to Table 2, MRWA Traffic management for works on roads CoP for more information on the value of D.

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• In relation to the end of the queue? (End of queue protection required in difficult alignments and where speed is greater than 80km/h). Also refer to Page 19 in the MRWA Traffic Controllers Handbook.

• Provision for an escape route?

• The Traffic Controllers instructions are not to conflict with any existing signs, signalised intersections or railway crossings nearby. Also refer to Sections 3.8 and 3.9 in the MRWA Traffic Controllers Handbook.

• Not blocking access? Private, business or pedestrian?

Tools of the Trade • A Stop/Slow bat (in good condition)

• Hi-Visibility clothing (Meets the standards & done up)

• Correct Signs & Spacing (Retro-Reflective Class #1)

• Traffic Cones or Bollards (Delineation)

• Two Way Radios (Poor visibility & at Night)

• Torch or Illuminated Wand (Night works)

Features of a Stop–Slow bat • 450mm & 600mm Diameter (AS1742:3).

• 600mm Diameter is recommended in WA.

• Meets AS1742:3 design for Stop/Slow lettering.

• Must be retro-reflective.

• A support holder for the pole can be used as long as the holding device does not pose a hazard.

• The bottom of the sign should be 1.8m from the ground. Telescoping handles may be used for adverse conditions.

• The bat must kept be in good condition.

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Hi-Visibility Vests - Day works • Must meet AS/NZS 4602 for Hi-Visibility material.

• Must be worn properly fastened.

• Be in good condition (clean).

• Replaced when material fades and no longer meets the standards.

Hi-Visibility Vests - Night works Must meet AS/NZS 4602 & AS/NZS 1906.1

Retro-reflective tape

Check the labels in the clothing to confirm it complies with the relevant standard.

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• Only used when a Traffic Controller or Portable Traffic Signals are being used.

• Must be used in conjunction with the Traffic Controller (symbolic) sign (manual only).

• May be up to 4D where necessary due to bad sight lines or long queue lengths.

• It’s the responsibility of Traffic Controller to check this sign is present before they start work.

• Must be removed when not in use

Traffic Controller (symbolic) sign • Only used when a Traffic Controller is present • Must be used in conjunction with a Prepare to Stop sign • It’s the responsibility of Traffic Controller to check this sign is

present before they start work. • Must be removed when not in use

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Positioning of the Prepare to Stop and Traffic Controller (symbolic) signs

OR

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Select the right delineation for the job.

Also for Night Works • Two way radios must also be used.

• Cones and Bollards to be fitted with Retro-Reflective tape to the standards (AS1906.1).

• A torch or illuminated wand for directing traffic (hand signals cannot be seen at night).

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Use of STOP/SLOW bat when stopping traffic • Stand on kerb or shoulder and ensure an unobstructed view of

worksite and traffic.

Rest Position The Traffic Controller stands side on to the traffic, observing both directions.

When no traffic is present both Traffic Controllers should be on stop.

• Where possible avoid stopping large vehicles at the front of the queue.

• Wait for a suitable break in the traffic i.e. at least equal to the breaking distance of the vehicle approaching.

• Turn bat to STOP & extend into the lane. • Raise arm in stop signal to draw attention.

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Stop Position Bat in the left hand, right hand up in the air giving a clear stop signal

• Once vehicle has stopped, move onto the road, use stopped vehicle as barrier. Maintain a 5-10m gap between the first vehicle and yourself (in case of rear end collision).

• Stand side-on, watching both traffic & worksite. • If using two way radios, advise other traffic controller that traffic

stopped & details of last vehicle sent through. Describe the vehicle i.e. licence plate details. Don’t describe the driver.

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A suitable break in traffic Who would you ‘let go’ rather than stop?

• FESA & Police (priority)

• Trucks/heavy vehicles

• Buses (inconvenience up to 20-40 people/timetables)

• Site vehicles (supervisor/trucks/plant)

Who would you stop? • Speeders (stop and advise site being monitored).

• Over width vehicles can be up to 8m wide. This vehicle may have to wait whilst room is made to allow it through.

• Groups (bunch up and release as a block) i.e. - Funerals (headlights on?) - Convoys (vintage cars, etc) - Bike clubs

Use of STOP/SLOW bat when releasing traffic • When releasing traffic, wait for last car to pass and confirm with

other traffic controller

• Double check worksite still clear at other end

• Walk off road with bat on STOP

• Make sure traffic does NOT start to move

• Check your end of worksite is clear

• Turn the bat to SLOW

• Wave the traffic through

• Advise other traffic controller of vehicles sent and last car details

• Return to the rest position

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Slow Position

Worksite Access/Egress Using both lanes

Note: The above and below trucks entering TCDs are dependant on a risk assessment prior to works commencing.

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Trucks reversing into the site Using both lanes

Slowing Traffic Past the Worksite Ensuring compliance with the speed zones set up

Don’t stand in the work area. Move to the safety buffer. The safety buffer may have to be extended to provide adequate sight distance. Note: advanced warning signs not shown

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Working near Railway Crossings • Cover SLOW side of the bat, must not override signals. • Wear ORANGE vest within 10m of tracks. Red hi-visibility

clothing is not normally allowed as train drivers may confuse it with a hazard signal.

• Rail authority must be advised (employer’s responsibility). • Ensure workers are kept away from tracks. • A third Traffic Controller may be required. If a Controller is

required on the crossing this would have to be a qualified person from the Rail Authority.

• Ensure neither works nor traffic queues extend over the crossing.

Note: advanced warning signs not shown

Also refer Section 3.9 in the MRWA Traffic Controllers’ Handbook

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Blasting • Check the Traffic Management Plan for signage requirements. • The maximum approach speed is 60kph (for the safety of the

Traffic Controllers and the traffic). • Use ‘Blasting Area’ signs & close the road. • Follow instructions from the shotfirer. • Once ‘All Clear’ advised, re-instate the speed limit immediately.

Note: advanced warning signs not shown

Other hazards include: Poor visibility caused by…..

• Rain

• Dust

• Fog

• Smoke

• Poor light

• Position of sun or temporary lighting

Solutions to poor visibility: • If able, close the worksite down and re-open the road.

• If unable to close worksite down, move workers off the roadway/out of the danger area.

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• Ensure traffic at lowest speed allowable.

• Extend the ‘Safety buffer’ and install ‘collision’ cones in centre of lane.

• Use additional signs to repeat important information to the driver.

• Place beacons (on vehicles OK) at PTS sign and at the Traffic Controllers position.

Two Way Radios • Must be used in poor visibility when traffic controllers cannot

maintain visual contact.

• Coordination between more than two traffic controllers is required i.e. T-junctions

• When working at night.

• When site traffic is constantly entering and departing the work area, and may not always be visible to the traffic controllers.

Two Way Radios (UHF CB) • UHF 40 Channel Citizens Band (CB) radios are commonly used for traffic control. • Optional, accessories could include remote speaker

microphones, headsets or ear pieces. • Limited range (check manufactures specifications). • Must use correct channels. Check what channels are preferred

on the site. Avoid using busy channels.

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• Try to achieve line of sight with the other user. Obstacles like hills or buildings can limit the range. A third operator may be required to relay messages.

• Don’t use bad language or derogatory remarks. You can be heard by other users.

• It’s not mandatory to use radio jargon, but a radio telephone procedure does aid accuracy.

UHF CB Channels channels usage 11 Calling/general 9, 12-17, 19-21, 24-30 & 39 Conversations/work (TC) 40 Trucks/transport 18 Caravans/holidays 10 4x4 clubs & Nat Parks 5 & 35 *Emergency Calling 1-8 & 31-38 Repeaters 22 & 23 Do not use (Data only) Channels indicated in red above should be avoided *It is an offence under the Radio Communications Act 1992 and Regulations to transmit on UHF Emergency Channels unless it is an emergency.

Two Way Radios Before work commences: • Establish operating channel and alternate channel. • Transition method (description used to identify last car through) • Non-contact procedure (Max: 5 minutes) • Emergency procedure (e.g. Emergency, Emergency, Emergency) • Workers & sub-contractors advised of procedures (Pre-start

briefing) • Perform a radio check • Check spare battery • Recharge or replace batteries when finished

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When operating a two way radio: • THINK about what you need to say • PRESS the transmit button • PAUSE • TALK (Keep brief) • PAUSE • RELEASE the transmit button

• Always acknowledge transmissions when received i.e. “OK” “Received”

• Repeat back important information i.e. “OK, two vehicles coming through”

• When describing the last car details don’t describe the driver (difficult for the other TC to see). Use licence plate numbers or total number of vehicles.

• Avoid using the term “Clear” on the two-way as its meaning is ambiguous. Use terms like; “Sending my vehicles now”, “I have stopped my vehicles”

If your radio stops working • Adopt the Stop position

• Check all controls

• Check you are on the correct channel

• Try calling the supervisor/workers

• If unable to make contact – remain in the Stop position

• The other Controller will make contact with the supervisor & send assistance.

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EMERGENCIES • Remain in position if possible (in the Stop position)

• Maintain control of the traffic

• Use the emergency pro-word (i.e. emergency, emergency, emergency) on the two-way. This should get the other Traffic Controller/s to go to stop and activity to cease on the site.

• Ensure site safety.

• Do not use Mobile Phone unless critical.

• Advise the supervisor by radio so they can arrange help/ambulance, etc.

• Get the traffic flowing as soon as safe. (Excessive queues could create other safety issues).

• Complete an incident report (see supervisor). There is also a Sample Incident Report form at the back of the MRWA Traffic Controllers Handbook.

Packing up a work site Traffic Controllers may have to stop traffic whilst;

• Plant and equipment is been removed.

• Road is cleaned and swept ready for traffic. (Contractors responsibility)

• Other equipment is removed from behind the cones i.e. Flashing Arrow signs.

• Cones/bollards are removed. Traffic Controllers may then release traffic and remove advance warning signage. All equipment should be cleaned and checked for serviceability before it is stored. Any maintenance required should be reported.

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In summary • When being relieved after 2 hours

• Use 15 minute break to check signs & cones

• The traffic controller may not leave position unless relieved by a competent person

• Unless pre-arranged, supervisor must be advised prior to any changeover

• Do not hand to member of the public to hold

• Do not stand bat in cones, unless in attendance

STAY ALERT

• Keep yourself safe

• Ensure the safety of the worksite & workers

• Keep the traffic flowing

• Look after the pedestrians

• Stay in control

• Present a professional image – Maintain bearing and appearance to ensure drivers respect your authority.

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