forest cover types - fia.fs.fed.usforest cover types u.s. department of the interior u.s. geological...
TRANSCRIPT
G U L F O F M E X I C O
P A C I F I C O
C E A NA
T
L A
N
T
I C
O
C
E A
N
L a k e S u p e r i o r
L a
k e
M
i c
h i g
a n
L a k e H u r o n
L a k e E
r i e
O n t a r i o
L a k e
GU
LF
OF
CA
LI F
OR
NI A
M A I N E
V ER M O N T
N EW
H A M PSH I R E
N EW Y O R KM A SSA C H U SET T S
C O N N EC TIC U T R I
PEN N SY LV A N I AN EW
JER SEY
D EL
M A R Y LA N D
V I R G I N I A
W EST
V I R G I N I A
O H I OI N D I A N A
I LLI N O I S
M I C H I G A N
W I SC O N SI N
K EN T U C K Y
T EN N ESSEE
N O R T H C A R O LI N A
SO U T H C A R O LI N A
G EO R G I AA LA B A M A
FLO R I D A
M I SSI SSI PPI
LO U I SI A N A
T EX A S
A R K A N SA S
M I SSO U R I
I O W A
M I N N ESO T A
N O R T H D A K O T A
SO U T H D A K O T A
N EB R A SK A
K A N SA S
O K LA H O M A
N EW M EX I C O
C O LO R A D O
W Y O M I N G
M O N T A N A
I D A H O
U T A H
A R I Z O N A
N EV A D A
C A LI FO R N I A
O R EG O N
W A SH I N G T O N
D C
C A N A
M E X I C O
85°90°95° 80° 75°
125°120°
115° 110° 105° 100° 95° 90° 85° 80° 75° 70° 65°
110°115° 100°105°
25°
30°
35°
40°
45°
25°
30°
35°
40°
45°
50°
25°
50°
20%TOTAL RECOVERED FIBER
IN T E R IOR – G E OLOG ICA L S U R V E Y , R E S T ON , V IR G IN IA – 2000
For sale by U .S . G eological S urvey,P.O. B ox 25286, Denver, Colorado 80225
100 200 300 400 MILES0
100 200 300 400 500 600 KILO METERS0
SCALE 1:7,500,000
Albers equal area projection, standard parallels 29°30'N and 45°30'N , central meridian 96°W
Compiled by U SD A Forest Service2000
A R CT IC CIR CLE
B E R I N G S E A
P A C I F I C O C E A N
A R C T I C O C E A N
G U L F O F A L A S K A
C A N A D A
R U S S I A
140° 135°145°150°155°160°165°170°175°W180°
140° 135° 130° 125° 120° 115°145°150°155°160°165°170°175°W175°E170°165°160°155°150°145° 180°
175°E170°165°
60°
55°
65°
70°65°
60°
50°
55°
45°
70°
SCALE 1:7,500,000Albers equal area projection, standard parallels 55°N and 65°N ,
central meridian 154°W
ALASKA
PA C I F I C O C E A N
22°
20°
160° 158° 156°
Principal Islands ofH AW AII
SCALE 1:7,500,000Albers equal area projection, standard parallels 8°N and 18°N ,
central meridian 157°W
U KU S
68° 66° 64°
17°30'
18°30'A T L A N T I C O C E A N
C A R I B B E A N S E A
Data notavailable
Data notavailable
SCALE 1:7,500,000Albers equal area projection, standard parallels 8º N and 18º N , central meridian 66º 30'W
Puerto Rico and the V irgin Islands
PACIFIC OCEA N
ATLA
NT
I CO
CE
AN
W ashington
S an J uan
Fairbanks
Honolulu7789 km4840 m i
2507 km
1557 mi
5238 km
3255 mi
4880
km
3032
mi
W hite-red-jack pine
Spruce-fir
Longleaf-slash pine
Loblolly-shortleaf-pine
O ak-pine
O ak-hickory
O ak-gum-cypress
Elm-ash-cottonwood
Maple-beech-birch
Aspen-birch
Spruce-birch
D ouglas-fir
H emlock-Sitka spruce
H emlock-Sitka spruce
Ponderosa pine
W estern white pine
Lodgepole pine
Larch
Fir-spruce
Fir-spruce
Redwood
Chaparral
Pinyon-juniper
W estern hardwoods
Eastern Forests
N ative forest
Mixed forest
H awaii ForestsAlaska Forests
Evergreen broadleaf forest
Puerto Rico Forests
W estern ForestsBefore European settlement, forests covered nearly one billion acres of what is now the United States. Since the mid-1600's, about 300 million acres of forest have been cleared, primarily for agriculture during the 19th century, and today about one-third of the nation is forested. While total forest area has been relatively stable for the last 100 years (currently about 747 million acres), there have been significant regional shifts in the area and composition of the nation's forests. Reversion of marginal farmland in the east, large scale planting in the South, and fire suppression have contributed to increases in forest area. Urbani-zation, conversion to agriculture, reservoir construction, and natural disasters have been major factors contributing to loss of forests.
Eastern forests cover about 384 million acres and are predominantly broadleaf (74%), with the exception of extensive coniferous forests and plantations in the southern coastal region, and are largely in private ownership (83%). By contrast, about 363 million acres of western forests are predominantly coniferous (78%) and in public ownership (57%). Nearly ten million private individuals own about 422 million acres of forest and other wooded land. Most public forest land is held by four federal (Forest Service, Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service) as well as numerous local (state, county, municipal) government agencies.
Major uses of forests include timber production, recreation, hunting, fishing, water-shed and fisheries protection, wildlife habitat and biodiversity protection, and gathering nontimber products such as berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants, etc.
The forest cover types shown on this map were derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) composite images recorded during the 1991 growing season. Each composite covered the United States at a resolution of one kilometer. Field data collected by the Forest Service were used to aid the classification of AVHRR composites into forest cover types, with refinement from ancillary data such as digital elevation. Details on development of the forest cover types dataset are in Zhu and Evans (1994).
SourcesEyre, F.H., 1980, Forest Cover Types of the United States and Canada: Society of American Foresters, 148p.
Smith, W.B., Vissage, J.S., Darr, D.R., and Sheffield, R.M., 2000, Forest Resources of the United States, 1997: St. Paul, MN, U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.
Zhu, Z. and Evans, D.L., 1994, U.S. Forest Types and Predicted Percent Forest Cover from AVHRR Data: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 60, No. 5, p. 525-531.
Includes scrub oak in California,alder in O regon and W ashington,and aspen in interior western states.
Forest Resources of the U nited States
FO REST CO V ER TYPES
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of AgricultureU.S. Forest Service
nationalatlas.govW here W e Are
The N ational Atlas of the U nited States of America®
www.nationalatlas.gov
1-A
ugus
t-200
0