forest practices around north bay fred pinto, 1 st vice president canadian institute of forestry
TRANSCRIPT
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Forest Practices Around Forest Practices Around North BayNorth Bay
Fred Pinto, 1st Vice President
Canadian Institute of Forestry
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QuestionsQuestions• What product is best for the
environment:– Steel– Concrete– Wood
• Should we use fiber from hemp or trees to make paper?
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Life cycle analysis
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Common Natural Common Natural DisturbancesDisturbances
• FireFire::
– Thin from belowThin from below
– Larger trees more likely Larger trees more likely to surviveto survive
• Surface fire: Most common Surface fire: Most common by far!by far!
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White pine adaptationsWhite pine adaptationsWhite pine adaptationsWhite pine adaptations
• thick barkthick barktall - tall - crowns crowns held high held high above above groundground
seed seed do not do not storestore
roots roots grow grow deepdeep
Surface fires and moderate to intense wind events
Surface fires and moderate to intense wind events
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Balsam fir (Balsam fir (Abies balsameaAbies balsamea (L.) Mill.) adaptations(L.) Mill.) adaptations
Balsam fir (Balsam fir (Abies balsameaAbies balsamea (L.) Mill.) adaptations(L.) Mill.) adaptations
• thin bark, lots of resin
• short
• seeds: abundant and frequent
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ResultsResultsResultsResults
Fire• Small white pine
killed, large trees may survive
• Balsam fir killed, survivors seed in
• Poplar killed, can sucker back and seed in
Logging• White pine: large
trees killed, some small survive
• Balsam: most survive
• Poplar: some survive, profuse suckering
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Change in White & Red Pine
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What do we do?What do we do?• Assume that an ecosystem is a helicopter
• As we remove parts we are prone to a crash
• Laws in Ontario requires us to ensure forests are sustainable
• If nature is sustainable we can try and copy nature in our activities
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ClearcutClearcutClearcutClearcutShelterwoodShelterwoodor Selectionor Selection
4-Cut 4-Cut ShelterwoodShelterwood
3-Cut 3-Cut ShelterwoodShelterwood
Disturbance Intensity Disturbance Intensity ContinuumContinuum
Seed treeSeed tree StandardsStandards
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Make it OperationalMake it Operational• Private enterprise ;
– plans
– implements treatments
• Government role: – laws
– research,
– development of guidelines and standards
• Partial harvest silviculture on provincial public land delivered by certified tree markers– 1,300 trained over 12 yrs.
The eyes and hands in the forest
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Certified tree markersCertified tree markers
• Training at community college or a 1 week course
• Pass:– Written test– 3 Practical tests– Field audit– Refresher course and test every
5 years
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Make it PracticalMake it Practical
Before harvest
After harvest
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Harvest system for White Pine
Abundant White Pine
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Some Sugar Maple Some Sugar Maple AdaptationsAdaptations
Frequent Frequent seed cropseed crop
Seedling Seedling banksbanks
SproutsSproutsLow to moderate wind events
Low to moderate wind events
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SelectionSelection
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Single Tree Selection
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AGS
UGS
Stand Quality Improves Stand Quality Improves Following Selection HarvestFollowing Selection Harvest
AGS
UGS
AGS
UGS
70%
30%
Pre-harvest
1st entry Post-harvest
43%57%
2nd entry Post-harvest
62%38%
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What about the birds and What about the birds and bugs and …bugs and …
• Name the species of vertebrates that are negatively impacted by current forest operations in Ontario.
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Forest or Landscape
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Timber Timber Supply Supply and and Wildlife Wildlife Habitat Habitat ModelModelllinging
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Model outputsModel outputs
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Term
Mart
en
Hab
itat
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In the StandIn the Stand