forest & wildlife resources

8/8/2019 Forest & Wildlife Resources

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Group MembersMuhammed Haaris. S

Karthi Keyan. D

Praveen Kumar. S

Ajay Kumar

Nivedha. B

Snehaa

Sowndharya

Keerthana


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IntroductionWildlife includes all non-domesticated plants,

animals and other organisms.

Domesticating wild plant and animal speciesfor human benefit has occurred many timesall over the planet, and has a major impact onthe environment, both positive and negative.

Forest provides multiple benefits toenvironment, people, and animals.


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WildlifeWildlife can be found in all ecosystems.

Deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas

including the most developed urban sites allhave distinct forms of wildlife.

While the term in popular culture usually refersto animals that are untouched by human factors.

Most scientists agree that wildlife around theworld is impacted by human activities.


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BiodiversityBiodiversity is the variation of life forms within

a given ecosystem, biome, or on theentire Earth.

Biodiversity is often used as a measure of thehealth of biological systems.

The biodiversity found on Earth today consists of

many millions of distinct biologicalspecies.The year 2010 has been declared as

the International Year of Biodiversity.

Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth.


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Importance Of Forest Forest has cool air temperature byrelease of water vapor into the air. At day time trees generate oxygen andstore carbon dioxide, which helps toclean air. Forest attracts wild life and offer foodand protection to them. Forests offer privacy, reduce lightreflection, offer a sound barrier and helpguide wind direction and speed. Trees offer artistic functions such ascreating a background, framing a view,complementing architecture, and so on. Well managed forests supplyhigher quality water with less impuritythan water from other resources.

Forests help in controlling thelevel floods. Forest provides different kindof wood which are used fordifferent purposes like making

of furniture, paper, and pencilsand so on. Forest help in giving thedirection of wind and its speed. Forest helps in keepingenvironment healthy andbeautiful.

Forests also minimize noisepollution. Forest helps the scientist toinvent new medicine as foresthas different kind or plants andherb.


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DeforestationDeforestation is the clearance of naturally occurringforests by logging and burning.Deforestation occurs for many reasons: trees or

derived charcoal are used as, or sold, for fuel or as acommodity, while cleared land is used as pasture forlivestock, plantations of commodities, and settlements.The removal of trees without sufficient

reforestation has resulted in damageto habitat, biodiversity loss and aridity.

It has adverse impacts on bio sequestration ofatmospheric carbon dioxide.Deforested regions typically incur significant

adverse soil erosion and frequently degrade intowasteland.


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Types Of SpeciesRare Species

Endangered SpeciesVulnerable species

Extinct Species


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Rare SpeciesA rare species are an organism which are

very uncommon or scarce.

This designation may be applied to either aplant or animal taxon, and may be distinctfrom the term "endangered" or "threatenedspecies" but not "extinct".

Designation of a rare species may be madeby an official body such as a nationalgovernment, state or province.


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Endangered SpeciesAn endangered species is a population of

organisms which is at risk of becoming extinctbecause it is either few in numbers, or

threatened by changing environmental orpredation parameters.

Also it could mean that due to deforestationthere may be a lack of food and/or water.

The International Union for Conservation ofNature (IUCN) has calculated the percentage ofendangered species as 40 percent of allorganisms based on the sample of species thathave been evaluated through 2006.


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Vulnerable SpeciesA Vulnerable species is a species which has

been categorised by the International Union forConservation of Nature (IUCN) as likely to

become Endangered unless the circumstancesthreatening its survival and reproduction improve.

Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss ordestruction.

Vulnerable species are monitored and arebecoming threatened.


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Extinct SpeciesThese are species which are not found

after searches of known.

A species may be extinct from a local area,region, country, continent, or the entireearth.


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Factors For The Depletion Of

Forest Changing patterns of temperatue and

precipitation due to global climate change Loss of habitat due to due changing land use

patterns (e.g. converting forest into farmland) Habitat fragmentation (e.g. small pockets of

woodland located far apart - due to logging orconverting land to farmland) makes it harder foranimals to find food and mates and disruptsmigrationsDamming rivers or changing river flow patterns

and erosional patterns in other ways can lead todisrupted fish migrations, disrupted breeding, andcan limit the food supply.


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Forest ConservationConservation of forest is certainly a necessity that

requires to be addressed as a priority.

For the survival of human beings, a holistic approach

is required to be adopted as regards protection of theplant kingdom as well as the wildlife with regard to thepeaceful and mutually beneficial co-existence of all.

To prevent any kind of ecological imbalance a verypragmatic action plan has to be formulated.

Towards achieving this many legislation have beenenacted in India and elsewhere.


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Conservation

MovementThe conservation movement, also known as nature

conservation, is a political and social movement thatseeks to protect natural resources including plant and

animal species as well as their habitat for the future.The early conservation movement

included fisheries and wildlife management, water, soilconservation and sustainable forestry.

The contemporary conservation movement has

broadened from the early movement's emphasis on use ofsustainable yield of natural resources and preservationof wilderness areas to include preservation of biodiversity.


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Top Ten Forest Conservation

MethodThe Nature Conservancy

World Wildlife Fund

Natural Resources Defense Council

The Sierra Club

International Crane Foundation

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds

Oceana

Conservation International

Wildlife Conservation Society


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Project TigerProject Tiger is a wildlife conservation movement initiatedin India in 1972 to protect the Bengal Tigers.

The project aims at tiger conservation in speciallyconstituted tiger reserves representative of various regions

throughout India.It strives to maintain a viable population of this conservation

reliant species in their natural environment.

In 2008, there were more than 40 Project Tiger ,TigerReserves of India covering an area over 37,761 km.

Project Tiger helped to increase the population of these tigersfrom 1,200 in the 1970s to 3,500 in 1990s.


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Reserve ForestA reserve forest or a reserved forest is a specificterm for designating forests and other natural areaswhich enjoy judicial and / or constitutional protectionunder the legal systems of many countries.

The term forest reserve may also be used in somecontexts in these countries.

Confusingly, in certain countries like Australia, theterm "forest reserve" is used to denote forests

accorded certain degrees of protection.The term reserved forestwas used to designate

protected forest areas in British India, underthe Indian Forest Act, 1927.


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Protected ForestA protected forest is a specific term to denote

forests with some amount of legal, and / orconstitutional protection in certain countries.

Besides being a generic term to denote forestswhere the habitat and resident species are legallyaccorded protection.

In India, the term was first introduced inthe Indian Forest Act, 1927 to denote forests witha limited amount of protection in British India.The category of protection, and the term was

retained after Indian independence.


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Unclassed ForestThese are other forest andwaste lands belonging to

government and privateindividuals and communities.


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Community And

ConservationCritically Endangered Yellow-Tailed

Woolly Monkey Gets CC Help.

Community Conservation Assists inGolden Langur Conservation.

Developing Conservation Strategies forTree Kangaroos.

Working Towards a Co-managed ParkSystem in Belize.


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Scared GrovesSacred groves of India are forest fragments of

varying sizes, which are communally protected,and which usually have a significant religious

connotation for the protecting community.Hunting and logging are usually strictly

prohibited within these patches.

Other forms of forest usagelike honey collection and deadwood collectionare sometimes allowed on a sustainable basis.

Sacred groves did not enjoy protection viafederal legislation in India.


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Chipko MovementThe Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan (literally "tostick" in Hindi) is a socio-ecologicalmovement thatpractised the Gandhian methods of satyagraha and non-violent resistance, through the act of hugging trees to

protect them from being felled. The modern Chipko movement started in the early

1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, withgrowing awareness towards rapid deforestation.

The landmark event in this struggle took place on March

26, 1974. The first recorded event ofChipko , took place in

village Khejarli, Jodhpur district, in 1730 AD.


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