fostering healthy slide 1 welcome! - naadac · slide 10 attachment theory origins ¾ john bowlby...
TRANSCRIPT
Slide 1
FOSTERING HEALTHY ATTACHMENTS
ANDREW WATSON, MA
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Slide 2
WELCOME!
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Slide 3
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Slide 4
“WHAT IS ADDICTION, REALLY?” THE SWISS PSYCHOLOGIST ALICE MILLER ASKS. “IT IS A SIGN, A SIGNAL, A SYMPTOM OF DISTRESS. IT IS A LANGUAGE THAT TELLS US ABOUT A PLIGHT THAT MUST BE UNDERSTOOD.”
Gabor Mate, The Realm of Hungry Ghosts
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Slide 5 ATTACHMENT? ➢ Attachment theory states that a strong emotional and physical
attachment to at least one primary caregiver is critical to personal development.
➢ Derived from basic concept that the relationship with the primary caregiver(s) is important for later functioning and holds immediate importance to the child and its development.
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Slide 6
“ATTACHMENT ESTABLISHES AN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP THAT HELPS THE IMMATURE BRAIN USE THE MATURE FUNCTIONS OF THE PARENT’S BRAIN TO ORGANIZE ITS OWN PROCESS”
Daniel Siegel
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Slide 7
HARLOW’S (1958) RHESUS MONKEY, WIRE-MESH, EXPERIMENT.
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Slide 8
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Slide 9 SO WHAT? Monkey chose comfort over food-
instinct when possible.
Monkeys who did not have the comfort/attachment often were more ill and did not function as well.
Monkeys kept in solitary, if allowed early-on to build connection to others, had a chance to develop regularly.
At first, researchers thought humans became attached to their caregivers (specifically the mother) because they were fed by them—not the case.
Comfort and care are what initiated connection, not just food.
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Slide 10 ATTACHMENT THEORY ORIGINS
➢ John Bowlby (work 1945-1985) is father of attachment theory.
➢ Fundamental premise: All persons need to bond securely to navigate healthy lives via relationship.
➢ Main concept:
• Secure base: from which the child can launch out to explore the environment and have new experiences.
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Slide 11
“ATTACHMENT THEORY HOLDS THE POSITION THAT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE FOR INDIVIDUALS TO COMPLETELY REGULATE THEIR AFFECTIVE STATES ALONE.”
Philip Flores, p. 3
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Slide 12
Empathetic attunementTeaching through modelingConsistencyNurturanceStructure & predictability
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Slide 17 “OUR EXPERIENCE OF THE WORLD IS CONSTRUCTED AROUND THAT NOTION OF THE ISOLATED SELF, AND IT IS FROM THIS PERSPECTIVE THAT WESTERN SCIENCE HAS EXPLORED THE BRAIN. YET, EVEN THOUGH WE CHERISH THE IDEA OF INDIVIDUALITY, WE LIVE WITH THE PARADOX THAT WE CONSTANTLY REGULATE EACH OTHERS’ INTERNAL BIOLOGICAL STATES.”
-Louis Cozolino
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Slide 18
One person psychology
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Slide 19
Two person psychology
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Slide 20
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Slide 21
WE ARE WIRED FOR CONNECTION FROM BIRTH.
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Slide 22
THE RELATIONAL BRAIN
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Slide 23 NEURONS
Cells that process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals.
All throughout body and nervous system.
Human brain contains 85-86 billion neurons. 16.3 billion in cerebral cortex, 69 billion in cerebellum.
In brain neurotransmitters (various chemical) are used to convey certain messages.
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Slide 24 SOCIAL SYNAPSE
➢Synapses are where two neurons come together and form a neuronal pathway.
➢Synapses communicate via chemical signals that activate and influence another through biochemical messages.
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Slide 25 RELATING BRAIN TO BRAIN
EXPERIENCES, ESPECIALLY RELATIONAL
ONES, FORM THE PATHWAYS OF
NEURONS IN THE BRAIN
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Slide 26
Two person psychology
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Slide 27
NEURONS THAT FIRE TOGETHER, WIRE TOGETHER
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Slide 28 THE INFANT AND CHILD BRAIN
➢At this stage brain is passive recipient, waiting for experiences.
➢High initial sprouting of neuronal synapse=pathways are forming!
➢Pathways formed by EXPERIENCE, with 2 potential outcomes…..
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Slide 29 BLOOMING:
AS EXPERIENCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULATION ARE PROVIDED, THESE OCCURRENCES SHAPE THE STRUCTURE OF THE BRAIN.
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Slide 30 PRUNING:
IF CERTAIN EXPERIENCES AND AGE APPROPRIATE STIMULI ARE NOT PROVIDED, PRUNING OCCURS.
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Slide 31
THE BRAIN IS AN ORGAN OF ADAPTATION THAT BUILDS ITS STRUCTURES THROUGH INTERACTIONS WITH OTHERS. TO WRITE THE STORY OF THIS JOURNEY, WE MUST BEGIN OUR GUIDEBOOK WITH THE THOUGHT: THERE ARE NO SINGLE BRAINS.
-Cozolino
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Slide 32 THE DEVELOPING BRAIN
➢Healthy development is determined by infant’s ability to attach itself to external object.
➢ Failure to attach=severe deficits on early organization of self.
➢During first 5-6 months of life, in a healthy child, there is innate attachment seeking behavior to catalyze symbiosis and integration.
➢Child learns how to regulate their own state of arousal and inner processing through interactions with another.
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Slide 33
THE TYPE OF EMOTIONAL ATTUNEMENT PROVIDED BY SECURE ATTACHMENT ACTUALLY INCREASES BLOOD FLOW TO THE PREFRONTAL AREAS OF THE CHILD’S BRAIN, RESULTING IN THE GROWTH OF NEURAL TISSUE
-Flores
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Slide 34
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Slide 35 THE BIGGEST LOSS IS NOT THE LACK OF ATTACHMENT ITSELF, OR THE ABUSE, OR THE NEGATIVE EVENT; THE BIGGEST LOSS IS NOT HAVING THAT BASE TO DISCOVER YOUR OWN ESSENCE.
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Slide 36
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THE STRANGE SITUATION
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ADULT ATTACHMENT INTERVIEW (AAI)
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Slide 39
5 ATTACHMENT STYLES
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Slide 40
SECURE
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AVOIDANT
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Slide 42
AMBIVALENT
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DISORGANIZED
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Slide 44
EARNED SECURE
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Slide 45 EXERCISE
Pair up
Ask for 5 adjectives to describe one of their primary caregivers (can be fictional)
(practice reflective listening, empathetic attunement….counseling skills)
Lead partner to identify a specific life example that exemplifies each adjective
See if you can identify which attachment pattern the partner is displaying.
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Slide 46 Attachment
StyleParental
ApproachResulting Adult Characteristics
SECURE Aligned with the child; in tune with the child’s emotions
Able to create meaningful relationships; empathetic; able to set appropriate
boundaries
AVOIDANT Unavailable or rejectingAvoids closeness or emotional connection;
distant; critical; rigid; intolerant
AMBIVALENTInconsistent and sometimes
intrusive parent communication
Anxious and insecure; controlling; blaming; erratic; unpredictable; sometimes
charming
DISORGANIZEDIgnored or didn’t see child’s needs parental behavior was
frightening/traumatizing
Chaotic; insensitive; explosive; abusive; untrusting even when craving security
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Slide 47 THESE PATTERNS MOST OFTEN ARISE DURING
STRESSANXIETYCONFLICTDISTRESSETC.
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MENTAL DISORDERSOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE
INSECURE ATTACHMENT DOES NOTNECESSARILY=
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Slide 49
ADDICTION AS AN ATTACHMENT WOUND
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Slide 50
The Kid Care Canada Society, “Roots of Addiction”
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Slide 51 "WE DON'T HAVE RELATIONSHIPS; WE TAKE HOSTAGES” -AA
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Slide 52
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Slide 53
THOUGHTS?INDIVIDUAL VS SOCIAL RECOVERY?OPPOSITE OF ADDICTION=CONNECTION?
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Slide 54 OPPOSITE OF ADDICTION=CONNECTION!
Lack of healthy/quality attachment in childhood=vulnerability. Vulnerable individuals often unable to regulate affect—many times unable to even identify what they feel.
Without internal resources to draw from one remains unable to confront pain. Turns to external “attachments” to escape pain.
Since shaming, painful, rejecting, etc. relationships have contributed to deficit in resources (insecure attachments)…they don’t turn to others.
Isolation and hunger for connection leads to intolerable emotions, which fuels further lack of connection and unstable/unhealthy relationships.
With few options, the right environment, the right genetics, etc. some turn to alcohol, drugs and other external sources of regulation (food, sex, work, gambling, etc.).
Cycle continues until insecure self-structure is healed and healthy human/spiritual attachments are formed. =Earned-secure attachment.
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Slide 55 RECOVERY=DETACHING FROM DESTRUCTIVE ATTACHMENT TO ________& DEVELOPING THE CAPACITY FOR HEALTHY INTERPERSONAL ATTACHMENTS
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Slide 56
CONCEPTS TO REMEMBER
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Slide 57
YOU WILL ALWAYS ATTACH TO SOMETHING!
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Slide 58 THE QUALITY OF EARLY ATTACHMENTS AFFECT THE EXTENT SOMEONE CAN FACE EMOTIONAL PAIN.
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Slide 59
BEING COMPLETELY SEPARATED & DEPENDENT ON SELF IS NOT THE GOAL!
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THE NEED FOR ATTACHMENT IS A LIFELONG PROCESS, NOT JUST PHASE
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Slide 61 MATURE RELATIONSHIPS MUST BE ACHIEVED THROUGH AN INTERACTIVE PROCESS OF MUTUAL AGREEMENT AND CONSENT
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Slide 62
YOU MUST CHANGE IT UP!
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Slide 63
OUR BRAINS LINK WITH THOSE OF PEOPLE CLOSE TO USE, IN A SILENT RHYTHM THAT MAKES UP THE VERY LIFE FORCE OF THE BODY. THESE WORDLESS AND POWERFUL TIES DETERMINE OUR MOODS, STABILIZE AND MAINTAIN OUR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING, AND CHANGE THE STRUCTURES OF OUR BRAIN. IN CONSEQUENCE, WHO WE ARE AND WHO WE BECOME DEPEND, IN A GREAT PART, ON WHOM WE LOVE.
“A General Theory of Love,” Lewis
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Slide 64
SO WHAT THE !&%$ DO I DO ABOUT IT?
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Slide 65
STAY CLEAR FROM BLAME
FIRST THINGS FIRST…
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Slide 66
WADE INTO VULNERABILITY & RELATE THROUGH EMPATHY
AT THE SAME TIME…
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Slide 67
EMPATHY IS FEELING WITH SOMEONE
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Slide 68
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Slide 69
NEUROPLASTICITYHALLELUJAH!
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Slide 70
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Slide 71
NEUROPLASTICITYHALLELUJAH!
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Slide 72
THERAPYEXPLORE
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Slide 73
FACE THE PAINHARD WORK PAYS OFF…
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Slide 74
CONNECTION, CONNECTION, CONNECTION!
THE KEY IS…
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Slide 75
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Slide 76 REFERENCED AND SUGGESTED MATERIALS
Brown, B. ( 1 ). . Center City, MN Ha elden.
Cassidy, ., Shaver, P. R. (1999). . New yor The Guilford Press.
Co olino, L. ( ). . New Yor Norton.
Crittenden, P. M., Landini, A. ( 11). . New Yor W.W. Norton and Company.
Fay, D. ( 1 ). . New Yor W.W. Norton Company.
Flores, P. . ( 1 ). . Plymouth ason Aronson.
Foscha, D., Siegel, D, Solomon, M. (eds). ( 11). . S.l. Norton.
ohnson, S. ( 8). . New Yor Little, Brown.
LeDoux, . E. ( ). . New Yor Penguin Boo s.
Mat , G. ( 1 ). . Ber eley, CA North Atlantic Boo s.
Mate, Gabor. Addiction (video). Kid Care Canada Society.
Siegel, D. . ( 1 ). . New Yor Guilford Press.
Siegel, D. . ( 1 ). . New Yor W.W. Norton Co
Thompson, C. ( 1 ). . CarolStream, IL Tyndale House , Inc.
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