fostering women's empowerment through special economic zones - global

7/31/2019 Fostering Women's Empowerment Through Special Economic Zones - Global

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UGN TMY@E IOHJ

Bmsunyahd TmlnhsNcmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhuUgym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhns

Cml{oyouarn Oho`qsas mb Nadgu Cm~huyans

ohe Al{àcouamhs bmy Dmrnyhlnhus,

Vmhn O~ugmyauans ohe I~sahnssns

Ah [oyuhnysga{ taug Cohoeo

ohe ugn Tmyè Iohj Dym~{ Dnheny Ocuamh [òh


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9;?? Un Ahunyhouamho` Iohj my Yncmhsuy~cuamh ohe Enrn`m{lnhu-Un Tmyè Iohj

?7?7 G Suynnu HTTosgahdumh, EC 9;533n`n{gmhn 9;9543?;;;

Ahunyhnu ttt(tmyèiohj(myd

O`` yadgus ynsnyrne(

O cm{~iàcouamh m Un Tmyè Iohj ohe ugn Ahunyhouamho` Bahohcn Cmy{myouamh(

Uas rm`~ln as o {yme~cu m ugn suo m ugn Tmyè Iohj Dym~{( Un heahds, ahuny{ynuouamhs ohe cmhc`~samhs nw{ynssne ah ugas rm`~ln em hmu hncnssoya` ynncu ugn rants m ugn Nwnc~uarn Eayncumys m ugn TmyèIohj my ugn dmrnyhlnhus ugn yn{ynsnhu( Un Tmyè Iohj emns hmu d~oyohunn ugn occ~yoc m ugn eouoahc`~ene ah ugas tmyj(

Uas {~iàcouamh tos loen {mssai`n taug ugn ~heahd yml ugn Tmyè Iohj Dym~{ Dnheny Ocuamh [òhohe Cohoeaoh Ahunyhouamho` Enrn`m{lnhu Odnhc( Un m{ahamhs nw{ynssne gnynah oyn ugmsn m ugn o~ugmysohe em hmu hncnssoya` ynncu ugn rants m oh m ugn Tmyè Iohj Dym~{ Dnheny Ocuamh [òh emhmys oheCohoeaoh Ahunyhouamho` Enrn`m{lnhu Odnhc(

Yadgus ohe [nylassamhsUn lounyao` ah ugas {~iàcouamh as cm{yadgune( Cm{ahd ohe-my uyohslauuahd {myuamhs my o`` m ugas tmyjtaugm~u {nylassamh lo in o ramòuamh m o{{ acoi`n òt( Un Tmyè Iohj nhcm~yodns eassnlahouamh m austmyj ohe ta`` hmylo`` dyohu {nylassamh um yn{yme~cn {myuamhs m ugn tmyj {yml{u`(

Bmy {nylassamh um {gmumcm{ my yn{yahu oh {oyu m ugas tmyj, {`nosn snhe o ynq~nsu taug cml{`nun ahmylouamh um ugn Cm{yadgu C`noyohcn Cnhuny, Ahc(, 999 Ymsntmme Eyarn, Eohrnys, LO ;?193, ^SO:un`n{gmhn 1474>;75;;: ow 1474>;554;: Ahunyhnuttt(cm{yadgu(cml

O`` mugny q~nyans mh yadgus ohe àcnhsns, ahc`~eahd s~isaeaoy yadgus, sgm~è in oeeynssne um ugn Mbcn mugn [~iàsgny, Un Tmyè Iohj, ?7?7 G Suynnu HT, Tosgahdumh, EC 9;533, ^SO: ow 9;9>999599:nloa` {~iyadgusKtmyèiohj(myd
http://www.copyright.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.copyright.com/


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Uoi`n m Cmhunhus

Ocjhmt`nedlnhus r

Bmyntmye raa

Nwnc~uarn S~lloyq raa

Ahuyme~cuamh ?Tgou oyn SNVs ohe Tgq Bmc~s mh Dnheny Ass~ns ah ugn SNV Cmhunwu= ?Ynsnoycg Lnugmem`mdq 5Suy~cu~yn m ugn Su~eq >

Cgo{uny ?6 Ugn Cosn my [ymlmuahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ah SNVs 4A Smcamncmhmlac Ynu~yhs my ugn Gmsu Cm~huyq 4AA Ncmhmlac Ynu~yhs my Vmhn O~ugmyauq 7

AAA Ncmhmlac Ynu~yhs my Ahrnsumys6 Inhnbus my Cml{ohq Imuuml @ahn ??AR Cmhc`~samh ?5

Cgo{uny 96 Misuoc`ns ohe Nhoi`nys m Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac [oyuaca{ouamh ah Vmhns6Cml{oyouarn Oho`qsas m Bmc~s Cm~huyans ?>

Sncuamh?6 Nncu m @ndo` Yadgus ohe ugnay Nhmycnlnhu ?4

Sncuamh 96 Smcao` ohe C~ù~yo` Bocumys 9>

Sncuamh 36 [mmy Ahrnsulnhu Càloun ohe @ocj m I~sahnss S~{{myu Snyracns 5?

Cgo{uny 36 Yncmllnheouamhs 54

A Cynouahd o @ndo`, Ynd~òumyq ohe [màcq Byolntmyj 57AA Suynhdugnhahd Nhmycnlnhu m [màcans ohe Nhs~yahd Cml{àohcn iq Ahrnsumys >;AAA [ymraeahd Al{ymrne Snyracns ohe Bocaàuouahd Co{ocauq I~aèahd >9

Cgo{uny 56 Al{`nlnhuouamh Umm`s6Suojngmèny Nhdodnlnhu, Lmhaumyahd ohe Nro`~ouamh Byolntmyjs >4

A Suojngmèny Nhdodnlnhu >4AA Lmhaumyahd ohe Nro`~ouamh 2?


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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhnsar

Cosn Su~eans 21

Iohdòensg 4?

Cgaho 1>

Cmsuo Yaco ??4

Ndq{u ?33

N` So`roemy ?54

Fmyeoh ?2?

Jnhqo ?41

[gaà{{ahns ?13

Ohhnw O6 Ahunyrantnns 9??

Ohhnw I6 Iaiàmdyo{gq 9?>


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U

gas immj gos innh {yme~cne i o unol `ne

i Snra Salora m ugn Tmlnh ah I~sahnss[ymdyol, ABC( Un cmyn unol tos cml{yasne

m Hoyasso Goaeny, Loyuah Hmyloh, ohe DmjgohOjahca m ABC, os tn`` os Onsgo Ioynhiòu, OàsmhCm`tn``, Inus Boydm Ln``, Yoh Bògnyu, Yocgno`

Qnodny, Gn`nh Vgohd, Vgnhd Gn m I~sahnss mySmcao` Yns{mhsaiaàu 'ISY!( [na Iah, Boyas Houm~y,Cnàhn S~oynv, Sun{gohan oh, Fnhhany Scgo{{nyu'o`` ISY! ohe Hoyasso Goaeny 'ABC!, OheynoNyelohh 'SNV S{ncaoàsu! gorn cmhuyai~une um ugnsn`ncu cgo{unys ohe cm~huy cosn su~eans( Un unol

dyoun~`` ocjhmt`nedns Lmhajo TninyBogy,Cncaào Sodny ohe S~lau Lohcgoheo m ugn TmyèIohj Dym~{ my ugnay ahun``ncu~o` cmhuyai~uamhs umugn mrnyo`` ensadh m ugn su~e ohe my ugnay d~aeohcn ugym~dgm~u ugn {ymcnss(

Um~dgu~` cmllnhus ohe s~ddnsuamhs nhgohcne

ugn mrnyo`` q~oàu m ugas {~iàcouamh( Ahearae~o`cgo{unys tnyn ynnynne i o {ohn` m nw{nyus cml{yasahd Umlos Boym`n 'Tmyè Iohj!, DohnsgYosodol 'Tmyè Iohj!, oyo Gm`nloh 'ABC!ohe Homjm Mumin 'A@M!( Ah oeeauamh, ugn o~ugmysdyoun~`` ocjhmt`nedn ugn ahro`~oi`n cmllnhusyncnarne yml ahe~suy ohe HDM yn{ynsnhuouarns tgacg ahc`~ene Coyynm~y, Do{, G"L, Foia`,Jo{{Og`, @nra Suyo~ss, @a " B~hd, @ahenw, Loyjs" S{nhcny, Hajn, Su( Fmghs Lneaco` Cm``ndn mIohdo`myn, nscm ohe To`Loyu(

Un {~iàcouamh m ugas immj tos loen {mssai`n iugn dnhnym~s s~{{myu m ugn Tmyè Iohj Dym~{Dnheny Ocuamh [òh ohe Cohoeaoh AhunyhouamhoÈnrn`m{lnhu Odnhc(

Ocjhmt`nedlnhus


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Bmyntmye

Tmlnh oyn o {mtny~` ncmhmlac mycn(Bmy o cm~huys dymtug, ugn lojn al{myuohu cmhuyai~uamhs os nhuyn{ynhn~ys

ohe nl{`mnns( Ohe ugn s~{{myu enrn`m{lnhulmyn iymoe`, ugym~dg ugn coyn ohe ouunhuamh ugniyahd um ugn tnòyn m ugnay olaàns( Su~eans sgmtugou m{nhahd ncmhmlac m{uamhs my tmlnh {~us{mrnyu yne~cuamh mh o osuny uyocj( S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhnsdnmdyo{gaco` yndamhs taug s{ncao`

ynd~òumy ohe `ndo` yndalns ugou oal um ahcynosnemlnsuac ohe mynadh eayncu ahrnsulnhu mnyoh m{{myu~hau my cm~huyans um nlioyj mh s~cgo {oug(

I~u gmt= M~y unols gorn `mmjne ocymss ugn d`min,oho`vahd ugn ah~nhcn s{ncao` ncmhmlac vmhns'SNVs! coh gorn mh {ymlmuahd tmlnhs ncmhmlacnl{mtnylnhu tga`n ou ugn soln ualn immsuahd

vmhn ohe nhuny{yasn cml{nuauarnhnss ah enrn`m{ahdcm~huyans( Uas yn{myuBmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu Uym~dg S{ncao` NcmhmlacVmhnss~lloyavns ugnay heahds(

Tgou as ahunynsuahd6 Lmsu s~ccnss~` ncmhmlacvmhn lohodnlnhu o{{ymocgns ugou o`sm s~{{myu

tmlnh ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu m{nyoun o`mhdugynn ealnhsamhsoay nl{`mlnhu ohe tmyj

ahd cmheauamhs my nlo`n nl{`mnns, nq~o` occnssum m{{myu~hauans my {ymnssamho` oerohcnlnhu,ohe ahrnsulnhu m{{myu~hauans my nlo`n nhuyn{ynhn~ys( Un yn{myu {ynsnhus oh nwcn``nhu cml{nhea~l m {màcans ohe {yocuacns, yohdahd ymlòts, ynd~òuamhs, òimy {màcans, dnhenysnhsauarn{ymnssamho` enrn`m{lnhu {ymdyols, ola` s~{{myu lncgohasls ohe tmlnhs gnoùg {ymdyols,ugym~dg um s~{{àny earnysau ohe co{ocaui~aèahd


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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhnsraaa

ahauaouarns( Iosne mh ynsnoycg yml nadgu cm~huyansoym~he ugn tmyè, tn oyn s~yn m~ ta`` he {yocuaco` ahsadgus ohe yncmllnheouamhs gnyn ugou o`sm u

m~y sau~ouamh/

Un Tmyè Iohj Dym~{ as cmllauune um yne~cahddnheny iosne ioyyanys ah enrn`m{lnhu, ohe taug yndoye um m~y nhdodnlnhu taug ugn {yaroun sncumy tnmc~s mh ahrnsulnhu càlouns, gn`{ahd dmrnyhlnhus~henysuohe ugn dnheny ealnhsamhs m i~sahnss ynmyl ohe dymtug, ohe mh yls{ncac o{{ymocgns,s~cg os tmyjahd taug hohcao` ahsuau~uamhs mh ahcynosahd occnss um hohcn my tmlnh nhuyn{ynhn~ys,my taug yls mh ~henysuoheahd ugn ynòuamhsga{

inutnnh inuuny dnhenyoef~sune òimy {yocuacnsohe ugnay {nymylohcn( Un nw{nyanhcns {ynsnhuneah ugas yn{myu ta`` {ymraen ro`~oi`n `nssmhs my ~sah ssunlouaco`` cynouahd tahtah m{uamhs, m{nhahd ~{ ncmhmlac m{{myu~hauans my tmlnh nhuyn

{ynhn~ys ohe tmlnh nl{`mnns ugou o`sm yns~ù ahdymtahd ahrnsulnhus ohe lmyn cml{nuauarn ahe~suyans( Un yn{myu as ugn {yme~cu m o utmnoy cm`òimyouamh inutnnh suo ah ugn Tmyè Iohjs Bahohcao` ohe [yaroun Sncumy Enrn`m{lnhu dym~{ oheABCs Tmlnh ah I~sahnss nol( Tn oyn dyoun~`my ugn s~{{myu ohe ~heahd yml ugn Cohoeaoh Ahunyhouamho` Enrn`m{lnhu Odnhc 'CAEO! tgacggos loen ugas al{myuohu nmyu {mssai`n(

S~fouo @olio Lmhajo TninyBogy Eayncumy D`mio` I~sahnss @ahn @noenyCml{nuauarn Ahe~suyans [yocuacn S~suoahoi`n I~sahnss OerasmyBahohcao` ohe [yaroun Sncumy Enrn`m{lnhu Oerasmy Snyracns

Tmyè Iohj Ahunyhouamho` Bahohcn Cmy{myouamh


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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhnsw

in ennlne inuuny ``ne i lnh inco~sn m dnhenysunynmu{ahd(3

Tga`n ugnsn ass~ns oyn tn`` emc~lnhune ah ugn àunyou~yn, hm yncmllnheouamhs oyn mnyne um uocj`n

ugn {ymi`nl yml o i~sahnss {nys{ncuarn( Unyn asàuu`n otoynhnss m ugn i~sahnss cosn my cynouahdinuuny nhraymhlnhus my tmlnh ah vmhns, s~cg osyne~cne yasj, encynosne oisnhunnasl ohe u~yhmrny,ahcynosne tmyjny souasocuamh, ohe al{ymrne {yme~cuarau ohe {ymuoiaàu( I~aèahd oh nraenhcniosne i~sahnss cosn as nw{ncune um gn`{ ahcynosn ugn

ta`àhdhnss m vmhns ohe i~sahnssns taugah ugnlum ahrnsu lmyn ah ugnay tmyjnys, ohe {oyuac~òy` ahugnay nlo`n tmyjnys( Uas su~e aenhuans d`mio`dmme {yocuacns my tmlnhs ncmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh

ohe oerohcnlnhu ohe enhns o {yocuaco` o{{ymocgum ensadh, {ymlmun, ohe al{`nlnhu dnhenyahc`~sarn SNVs ocymss ugn d`min(

Un su~e {ymraens iocjdym~he, nraenhcn m cgo`

`nhdns ohe s~ccnss sumyans eyoth yml ugn cm~huyans tgnyn ynsnoycg tos cmhe~cune, cml{yngnhsarn yncmllnheouamhs, ohe o s~aun m umm`s oheua{s um al{`nlnhu ugn yncmllnheouamhs s~ccnss~``( Os s~cg, ugou ugas su~e oals um {ymraen

ugn hncnssoy ahmylouamh ohe ynsm~ycns um gn`{dmrnyhlnhus, vmhns, ohe ahearae~o` i~sahnssns{ymlmun tmlnhs ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu lmynnncuarn` ah ugn ~u~yn(

Ncmhmlac, Smcao`, ohe I~sahnssInhnbus um [ymlmuahd TmlnhsNcmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu

Un ncmhmlac ohe smcao` cosn my dmrnyhlnhus,vmhns, ohe nhuny{yasns um cynoun ohe nhmycn {màcans ohe al{`nlnhu {ymdyols ugou s~{{myu tmyjahd tmlnh ohe nlo`n nhuyn{ynhn~ys as {ynsnhuneah Cgo{uny ?( Ahrnsulnhus ah tmlnhs ncmhmlacnl{mtnylnhu coh enàrny sadhacohu ynu~yhs ou o```nrn`s(

Ou ugn houamho` `nrn`, nl{mtnyahd tmlnh ugym~dgSNVs coh gorn sadhacohu al{ocus mh ncmhmlacenrn`m{lnhu ohe {mrnyu yne~cuamh( Nhgohcne

ncmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh i tmlnh, c~yynhu` ~henyyn{ynsnhune ah ugn mylo` òimy mycn ah ugn lofmyau m enrn`m{ahd cm~huyans, coh cmhuyai~un um mrnyo``ncmhmlac dymtug( Tgnh tmlnh oyn ynn um snnj ohne~couamh my tmyj m~usaen ugn gmln, ugn incmln

lmyn oi`n um cmhuyai~un um ugnay mth enrn`m{lnhuohe ugou m ugnay olaàns, cmll~hauans, ohe smcanuans( Ah {oyuac~òy, dynouny dnheny nq~oàu ah ne~couamh ohe ahcmln coh nhgohcn o tmlohs encasamhlojahd {mtny taugah ugn gm~sngmè, tgacg loahcynosn ugn o``mcouamh m ahcmln um ola` gnoùg,h~uyauamh, ohe cgaèynhs ne~couamh(5 Tgnh lnh ohetmlnh oyn oi`n um uojn ~{ fmis ohe mcc~{ouamhs occmyeahd um ugnay oiaàu ohe {ynnynhcn yougny ugohdnheny hmyls, oddyndoun {yme~cuarau lo ahcynosn(Ohe tgnh cm~huyans oyn oi`n um lmiaàvn ugn nq~o`

{oyuaca{ouamh m lnh ohe tmlnh ah smcao` ohe {màuaco` àn, dmrnyhlnhus ohe {màclojahd imeansoyn àjn` um doah ah earnysau m rants ohe rmacns(Baho``, tmlnh nhuyn{ynhn~ys oyn lmyn àjn` umdnhnyoun fmis my mugny tmlnh ah ugn cmll~hauohe cynoun coscoeahd smcao` ohe ncmhmlac inhnusm dnheny ahc`~samh ah ugn tmyj{òcn(>

Ou ugn vmhn `nrn`, dnhenyahc`~sarn {màcans ohe{ymdyols coh enàrny i~sahnss inhnus i uoydnuahd ugn lmsu sadhacohu enlmdyo{gac m lmsu

vmhn tmyjmycns( O sunoe s~{{` m cgno{ nlo`n òimy gos cmhuyai~une um ugn enrn`m{lnhum cml{nuauarn nw{myumyanhune ahe~suyans ah smlncm~huyans( Byml o cml{nuauarnhnss {nys{ncuarn, oenrn`m{lnhu suyound iosne mh nw{myu ahe~suyans

ohe cgno{ òimy cohhmu in s~suoahoi`n ohe cm~huyans tgm al{`nlnhu o `mhdunyl suyound um ahcynosn ugn uncghm`mdaco` cmhunhu m ugnay nw{myusohe lmrn ~{ ugn s~{{`cgoah òeeny ta`` ocganrn`mhdnyunyl enrn`m{lnhu doahs ugou aeno`` oyn

s{ynoe lmyn nq~o`` olmhd ugn {m{~òuamh( Gmtnrny, inco~sn m ugn cmhcnhuyouamh m `mttodn

3 Aiae(5 I`~linyd, Ahcmln ~heny Bnlo`n Rnys~s Lo`n Cmhuym`,

Fm~yho` m Bola`q Ass~ns, 1'?!, ?177: Ensoa ohe Fmghsmh,Tmlnhs EncasamhLojahd ohe Cgaè Gnoùg6 Bolaào` ohe Smcao` Ganyoycgans, Cmllassamhne i ugn Lnos~yn EGS {ymfncu ah Co`rnyumh, Loyòhe, 9;;>(

> Salora nu o`(, 9;?;(


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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhnswaa

SNVs( Baysu, c~ù~yo` hmyls ohe nw{ncuouamhsoim~u o tmlohs ym`n ah smcanu lo àlau tmlnhsm{{myu~hauans um doah mylo` nl{`mlnhu ohe oerohcnlnhu( Tmlnhs oerohcnlnhu as o`sm munhcmhsuyoahne i àlaune occnss um ne~couamh ohe

um uyoahahd mh iosac àn sja``s os tn`` os uncghaco` fmi sja``s( Oeeauamho``, nlo`n ocumy tmyjnys oyn r~`hnyoi`n um o lyaoe m gnoùg ass~ns,nwocnyioune i o òcj m gnoùg otoynhnss ohe oòcj m occnss um gnoùg snyracns( @ocj m occnss um

q~oàu ohe omyeoi`n cgaè coyn as ohmugny lofmycmhcnyh my tmlnh ah vmhn tmyjmycns( Baho``,nlo`n tmyjnys ah vmhns ocn snrnyo` cgo``nhdnsynòune um ugnay àrahd cmheauamhs, ahc`~eahd {mmyq~oàu m occmllmeouamhs ohe iosac snyracns,

nwcnssarn easuohcn inutnnh gmln ohe tmyj{òcn,

ohe ~horoaòiaàu m son ohe ynàoi`n uyohs{myuouamh um ohe yml tmyj(

m mrnycmln smcamc~ù~yo` ioyyanys, suojngmènyscoh cmhe~cu cmll~hau m~uynocg um nhcm~yodn

tmlnhs nl{`mlnhu ah vmhns( @ocj m occnssum ne~couamh ohe sja``s uyoahahd coh in oeeynssneugym~dg ahrnsulnhu ah ne~couamh ugou uoydnus day`sohe ah uyoahahd {ymdyols ugou uoydnu tmlnh osinhncaoyans( yoahahd mh iosac àn sja``s coh gn`{

al{ymrn ugn tmyj nhraymhlnhu ohe nlo`n tmyjnys fmi {nymylohcn ohe {yn{oyn tmlnh my {ymnssamho` oerohcnlnhu m{{myu~hauans lmyn nncuarn`( Tmyjnys oerohcnlnhu coh o`sm in immsuneugym~dg ugn cynouamh m {màcans ohe uyoahahd {ym

dyols um s~{{myu {ymlmuamh yml taugah( I~sahnssns coh yne~cn oisnhunnasl ohe u~yhmrny oheahcynosn {yme~cuarau i {ymraeahd gnoùg ne~couamh, tmlnhs gnoùg snyracns, ohe cgaè coynnaugny taugah ugn tmyj{òcn my mh o vmhntaen

iosas( Vmhns coh o`sm mydohavn son ohe ynàoi`nuyohs{myuouamh my tmyjnys inutnnh ugnay gmlnsohe ugn tmyj{òcn, my nrnh o``mt ocumyans um in`mcoune eayncu` ah ugn y~yo` oynos tgnyn vmhntmyjnys àrn(

Sncuamh 3 aenhuans ioyyanys ynòune um o {mmyahrnsulnhu càloun my ocaàuouahd tmlnhs nhuyn{ynhn~ysga{ ohe ugn òcj m i~sahnss s~{{myusnyracns( Tmlnh oyn gahenyne yml occ~l~òuahd ossnus ohe dymtahd ugnay i~sahnssns ah cm~h

uyans tgnyn ugnay occnss um òhe as cmhsuyoahne i`ndo` ynsuyacuamhs mh òhe mthnysga{ ohe `nosahd,ahgnyauohcn òts, lmyudodn òts, c~sumloy òts,my mugny oelahasuyouarn ioyyanys( Unyn as ahcynosahd nraenhcn ugou s~cg `ndo` ohe c~ù~yo` àlauo

uamhs ohe oelahasuyouarn ynq~aynlnhus o`sm lojnau lmyn eabc~ù my tmlnh um suoyu ohe m{nyounugnay i~sahnssns ah ugn mylo` ncmhml( Dymtahdnwasuahd i~sahnssns, ohe ah {oyuac~òy nw{oheahd`mco` ohe emlnsuac i~sahnssns um in nw{myuocahd,ynq~ayns i~sahnss s~{{myu snyracns, s~cg os uyoahahdmh i~sahnss sja``s, lohodnlnhu, ohe loyjnu aenhuacouamh, ugou oyn ~horoaòi`n um ugn lofmyau mnlo`n nhuyn{ynhn~ys( Baho``, occnss um hohcn myi~sahnss suoyu~{ ohe m{nyouamhs as o lofmy ass~nd`mio`` my tmlnh nhuyn{ynhn~ys(

Un yncmllnheouamhs my ynlmrahd ugnsn ioyyanysindah taug nhocuahd òts ohe ynd~òuamhs ugou darn

tmlnh ohe lnh nq~o` occnss um òhe ohe suynolàhahd oelahasuyouarn ioyyanys taugah SNV ots oheynd~òuamhs( SNV m{nyoumys coh o`sm oem{u dnhenynq~oàu {màcans ohe d~aenàhns um c~ùaroun imugnlo`n ohe lo`n i~sahnss mthnys ohe coh ahauaouns~{{àny earnysau {ymdyols um ahcnhuaravn nwasuahd vmhn nhuny{yasns um sm~ycn yml `mco` tmlnhmthne i~sahnssns( Suojngmènys ah ugn {~iàc ohe{yaroun sncumys ohe HDMs coh {ymraen i~sahnsss~{{myu snyracns rao àhjodns um uyoahahd {ymdyols,hnutmyjs, ohe cnhunys uoydnuahd nlo`n nhuyn{ynhn~ys( @ocj m occnss um hohcn coh in oeeynssneugym~dg cm`òimyouamhs olmhd vmhn o~ugmyauans,iohjs, lacymhohcn ahsuau~uamhs, ohe tmlnhsnhuyn{ynhn~y dym~{s( Ah oeeauamh, nwasuahd iohjs

taugah vmhns coh enrn`m{ dnhenynq~auoi`n snyracnmnyahds, s~cg os `mohs oroaòi`n um tmlnh(

Jn Yncmllnheouamhs

Cgo{uny 3 {ynsnhus ugn su~es loah yncmllnheouamhs my {màcans ohe {ymdyols um {ymlmuntmlnhs ncmhmlac oerohcnlnhu ah SNVs( [màcyolntmyj ohe nhmycnlnhu yncmllnheouamhs

oyn `nu iymoe um o``mt my cm~huys{ncac lmeacouamhs( Snyracns ohe co{ocaui~aèahd yncmllnheouamhs oyn lmyn s{ncac, taug ugn oss~l{


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Nwnc~uarn S~lloyq waaa

uamh ugou ugn ta`` in ~henyuojnh iosne mh hnnesaenhuane ah o iosnàhn ossnsslnhu m ugn uoydnunevmhn {m{~òuamh( Un yncmllnheouamhs o`` ahum

ugynn coundmyans6

L Cynouahd o `ndo`, ynd~òumy, ohe {màc yolntmyj ugou oerohcns tmlnhs nl{`mlnhu oheahrnsulnhu m{{myu~hauansW Cynoun ots um nhoi`n tmlnhs ~`` ncmhml

ac {oyuaca{ouamhW Cynoun {màcans um s~{{myu nlo`n nhuyn{yn

hn~ys occnss um vmhns, os naugny ahrnsumys,s~{{ànys, my slo`ì~sahnss mthnys

W Al{ymrn cm`òimyouamh inutnnh houamho`cmllauunns my lahasuyans m tmlnh my dnheny ohe lahasuy m òimy

L Suynhdugnhahd nhmycnlnhu m dnhenyyn`nrohuòts ohe {màcans ohe nhs~yahd cml{àohcn iahrnsumysW Nhs~yn nbcocam~s nhmycnlnhu m dnheny

yn`nrohu ots, ohe uyoah dnhenysnhsauarn nhmycnlnhu mbcnys

W Cml{` taug `ndo` ynq~aynlnhus {nyuoahahdum nlo`n tmyjnys oimy yadgus ohe iosac g~loh yadgus

W Nsuoiàsg houamho` my vmhn`nrn` dyanrohcnlncgohasl s{ncao`` uoydnune um tmlnh

W Cynoun my s~{{myu ugn cynouamh m tmlnhscmllauunns ou vmhn ohe nhuny{yasn `nrn`s

W Cmhe~cu o dnheny eaodhmsuac um ossnss tmlnhs ncmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh os ahrnsumys ohe

tmyjnys ah vmhn {ymdyolL [ymraeahd al{ymrne ahyosuy~cu~yn my snyracns

ohe ocaàuouahd co{ocau i~aèahdW Cynoun vmhn`nrn` smcao` snyracns um inh

nu tmlnh, s~cg os gms{auo`s, cgaè coyn,scgmm`s, uyohs{myuouamh, ohe gm~sahd

W [ymlmun nlo`n tmyjnys gnoùg ohe tn`ìnahd ugym~dg ne~couamh, ocumy lno`s, ohegnoùg snyracns

W Gn`{ nlo`n tmyjnys dymt hohcao` ossnusugym~dg eayncu todn en{msau ohe hohcao`àunyoc {ymdyols

W [ymlmun tmlnhs sja``s enrn`m{lnhuugym~dg rmcouamho` uyoahahd {ymdyol

W S~{{myu nlo`n nhuyn{ynhn~ys ugym~dg occnss ohe uyoahahd {ymdyols

Umm`s my Al{`nlnhuouamh

Cgo{uny 5 {ymraens o yolntmyj my suojngmènynhdodnlnhu ohe al{`nlnhuouamh umm`s my lmhaumyahd ohe nro`~ouamh m ugn su~es yncmllnhene

{màcans ohe {ymdyols(

Oh ahauaouarn as lmyn àjn` um in s~ccnss~` ohes~suoahoi`n a jn suojngmènys s~{{myu au ymlugn indahhahd, nn` o snhsn m mthnysga{ yml ugnensadh {gyosn ugym~dg al{`nlnhuouamh, ohe gorn

m{{myu~hauans um {oyuaca{oun ah, ohe aeno`` oss~lnyns{mhsaiaàu my, al{`nlnhuahd aus cml{mhnhus(

Suojngmèny nhdodnlnhu as {oyuac~òy` al{myuohumy ahauaouarns oalne ou ahcynosahd tmlnhs ncmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh: tmlnh tmyjnys ohe nhuyn{ynhn~ys hnnes oyn eanynhu, lmyn h~ohcne, ohelmyn ahunyynòune ugoh ugmsn m lnh, nu ugn loydahoàvouamh m ugnay rmacns ah {màuacs, ahe~suy, ohenrnh ah ugn `noenysga{ m tmyjnys mydohavouamhss~cg os ~hamhs my tmyjny cmllauunns lnohs ugnsnhnnes oyn hnaugny aenhuane hmy lnu(

Un cgo{uny aenhuans {yamyauans ohe ym`ns my oh~liny m jn suojngmèny dym~{s, ahc`~eahd vmhnynd~òumys my o~ugmyauans, vmhn m{nyoumys, nhuny{yasnmthnys ohe m{nyouamho` lohodnys, ahunyhouamho`cànhus, tmyjny mydohavouamhs, yn`nrohu dmrnyhlnhulahasuyans, uncghaco` nw{nyus s~cg os HDMs ohel~ùaòunyo` mydohavouamhs, ohe mugny {nm{`n ohemydohavouamhs ugou lo gorn ahunynsus my nw{nyuasn{nyuoahahd um ugn al{`nlnhuouamh m s{ncac yncmllnheouamhs( O eaodyol a``~suyouns ugn jn sun{sum suojngmèny nhdodnlnhu(

Lnos~yahd ugn al{ocus m {ymdyols ohe {màcansmh ahearae~o`s, i~sahnss nhuauans, ohe houamho` cml{nuauarnhnss as cgo``nhdahd, i~u cyauaco` my s~suoahoiaàu( Enlmhsuyouahd al{ocu, ah unyls m imugsmcao` enrn`m{lnhu inhnus os tn`` os cml{nuauarnhnss, gn`{s loahuoah ~heahd yml imug {yaroun ohe{~iàc sm~ycns( Un cgo{uny aenhuans jn ncmhmlacaheacoumys um in lmhaumyne ohe nro`~oune ou ugn nrn`s m nhuny{yasn 'n(d(, oisnhunnasl, u~yhmrny youn!,vmhn 'n(d(, vmhn mcc~{ohc youn, {ymuoiaàu!, ohedmrnyhlnhu 'n(d(, {mrnyu `nrn`s, ~hnl{`mlnhu


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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhnswar

youn!( Un cgo{uny o`sm aenhuans s{ncac aheacoumysmy lnos~yahd {ymdynss ah ugn ugynn jn mc~s oynosenscyaine ah Cgo{uny >( Un lnuyacs ahc`~ene oynsgmyuunyl m~u{~us, lnea~lunyl m~ucmlns, ohe`mhdunyl al{ocus( M~u{~us ohe m~ucmlns coh in

lnos~yne {yaloya` ou ugn nhuny{yasn ohe vmhn `nrn`s, tga`n al{ocus oyn ugn yns~ùs ugou nlnydn ou ugnhouamho` `nrn`(

Tgnhnrny {mssai`n, lnuyacs sgm~è easoddyndouneouo i dnheny( Lmhaumyahd ohe nro`~ouamh m ahauaouarns um {ymlmun tmlnhs ncmhmlac m{{myu~hauans sgm~è o`sm i~aè mh nwasuahd nro`~ouamh ssunls

ohe eouocm``ncuamh {ymcnssns um lahalavn ugn ynsm~ycns ynq~ayne um cmhe~cu ugas al{myuohu uosj oheum oàdh taug nwasuahd {ymcnssns um al{ymrn mrnyo``lohodnlnhu ssunls( Ahundyoune lnos~ynlnhu mimug i~sahnss ohe smcao` aheacoumys coh gn`{ enlmh

suyoun ugn suyoundac hou~yn m ahrnsulnhus ah tmlnhlmyn q~ohuauouarn`, ohe sgm~è in nl{`mne ah o``{ymdyols ohe {màcans uoydnuahd tmlnh ah myeny umlowalavn imug inhnus ohe s~suoahoiaàu(

Un su~e cmhc`~ens taug cm~huy cosn su~eans oheo cml{yngnhsarn àsu m ahunyrantnns, o iaiàmdyo{g, ohe ynnynhcns(


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U

gas su~e s~lloyavns heahds yml o d`mio`

ynsnoycg ahauaouarn ugou nwolahne ugn m{{myu~hau my s{ncao` ncmhmlac vmhns 'SNVs!7

um {ymlmun tmlnhs ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu oheimmsu vmhn ohe nhuny{yasn cml{nuauarnhnss ah enrn`m{ahd cm~huyans( Un su~e mc~sns mh tmlnhsncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu ah ugn cmhunwu m vmhns ouugynn `nrn`s6 'a! oay nl{`mlnhu ohe tmyjahd cmheauamhs my nlo`n nl{`mnns: 'aa! nq~o` occnss umm{{myu~hauans my {ymnssamho` oerohcnlnhu: ohe'aaa! ahrnsulnhu m{{myu~hauans my nlo`n nhuyn{ynhn~ys( Un su~e o`sm nwolahns dnhenyyanhe`

{màcans ohe {yocuacns ugou s~{{myu ugnsn ugynn loahdmo`s, tgacg ahc`~en o taen yohdn m m{uamhs oym~heòts, ynd~òuamhs, òimy {màcans, dnhenysnhsauarn{ymnssamho` enrn`m{lnhu {ymdyols, ola` s~{{myu lncgohasls, tmlnhs gnoùg {ymdyols, ohes~{{àny earnysau ohe co{ocaui~aèahd ahauaouarns(

Uas su~e nsuoiàsgns ugn i~sahnss cosn my ahrnsulnhus ah tmlnhs ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu ahSNVs, ohe aenhuans dmme{yocuacn nwol{`ns myncmllnhene nhoi`nys um oeeynss ugas ahrnsu

lnhu m{{myu~hau( Nhoi`nys oyn enhne os nmyusum cm~hunyocu ugn hndouarn al{ocu m ugn misuoc`ns

tmlnh ocn ah ncmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh, ohe cohahc`~en {màcans ohe {ymdyols ou ugn dmrnyhlnhu,vmhn, ohe nhuny{yasn nrn`( Un su~e {ymraens iocjdym~he, nraenhcn m cgo``nhdns ohe s~ccnss sumyans,cml{yngnhsarn yncmllnheouamhs, ohe o s~aun mumm`s ohe ua{s um al{`nlnhu ugn yncmllnheouamhss~ccnss~``(

Tgou oyn SNVs ohe Tg Bmc~s mh

Dnheny Ass~ns ah ugn SNV Cmhunwu=

O s{ncao` ncmhmlac vmhn 'SNV! as o dnmdyo{gaco`yndamh my snyracne ahe~suyao` òhe taug dmme cmh

hncuarau ohe ahyosuy~cu~yn, dmrnyhne i o cml{yngnhsarn ohe ahundyoune snu m ncmhmlac òtsohe ynd~òuamhs cml{ouai`n taug ugn Tmyè yoenMydohavouamh 'TM! ohe mugny ynnuyoen odynnlnhus( Bmynadh ohe emlnsuac ahrnsumys `nosn òhe

yml ugn SNV o~ugmyau, tgacg lo in o {~iàcmy {yaroun nhuau, um snu ~{ i~sahnssns taugah ugn

SNV ohe uojn oerohuodn m uow ohe mugny ahcnhuarn {ymdyols( Dmmes {yme~cne ah SNVs oyn munh,i~u hmu o`tos, ensadhoune my nw{myu( Cmllmhnhuny{yasn u{ns ah SNVs ahc`~en àdgu ohe gnor

loh~ocu~yahd, eouo ohe co`` cnhunys, mme {ymcnssahd, ynsnoycg ohe uncghm`md, cgnlaco` ahe~suyans,`mdasuacs ohe loyaualn snyracns, ohe mugnys( Smlnvmhns gorn o`sm enrn`m{ne ahum gadguncg {oyjs,um~yasu cnhunys, my sauns my gadg`nrn` hohcao` ohe

Ahuyme~cuamh

7 S{ncao` ncmhmlac vmhn 'SNV! ynnys um oh ncmhmlacvmhn taug o {myuamh m dmmes ahunhene my ynq~ayne mynw{myu( SNVs coh o`sm in ynnyyne um os nw{myu {ymcnssahd vmhns 'N[V!, ynn uyoen vmhns 'BV!, oheq~oàne ahe~suyao` vmhns '_AV!( Uas su~e ta`` ~snugn unyls SNV ohe vmhn ugym~dgm~u( S{ncac vmhnunyls ta`` in ~sne ah ynnynhcn um s{ncac cm~huy vmhnyndalns, tgacg lo in coundmyavne os mhn u{n m vmhnmy ohmugny(


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Ahuyme~cuamh 3

Au as ~yugny oyd~ne ugou tmlnhs nl{`mlnhu ahSNVs ta`` hmu in s~suoahoi`n ah ugn `mhd y~h, osco{auo` ahrnsulnhus ohe uncghm`mdaco` ~{dyoeahd

ta`` oncu ugn hou~yn m ugn fmis ah ugn vmhns( S{ncaco``, s~cg ~{dyoeahd as nw{ncune um yn{òcn ò

imyahunhsarn, `mtsja``ne {yme~cuamh i yne~cahdmy lncgohavahd fmi u{ns mylny` emlahoune i

tmlnh(?3 Os o yns~ù, smln {yneacu ugou vmhns ta``nw{nyanhcn o ennlahavouamh os ugn {ym{myuamhm lnh um tmlnh sgaus sahcn hnt, gadgnysja``ne

fmis ta`` in ennlne inuuny ``ne i lnh inco~snm dnheny sunynmu{ahd(?5 A ugas {yneacune ennlahavouamh mcc~ys, au ta`` al{msn enrn`m{lnhu cmsusmh cm~huyans ohe {yme~cuarau cmsus mh cml{ohans(

Tga`n ugnsn ass~ns oyn tn`` emc~lnhune ah ugn àu

nyou~yn, gmtnrny, hm nhoi`nys oyn mnyne um uocj`nugn {ymi`nl( Ah oeeauamh, oyd~lnhus my tmlnhsncmhmlac oerohcnlnhu ah vmhns ynloah òydn`yadgusiosne ohe ugnyn as àuu`n otoynhnss m ugni~sahnss cosn my cynouahd inuuny nhraymhlnhus mytmlnh ah vmhns, s~cg os yne~cne yasj, encynosneoisnhunnasl ohe u~yhmrny, ahcynosne tmyjny souasocuamh, ohe al{ymrne {yme~cuarau ohe {ymuoiaàu(I~aèahd oh nraenhcniosne i~sahnss cosn ta`` gn`{ahcynosn ugn ta`àhdhnss m vmhns ohe i~sahnssnstaugah ugnl um ahrnsu lmyn ah ugnay tmyjnys, ohe{oyuac~òy` ah ugnay nlo`n tmyjnys( Os s~cg, ugassu~e nwolahns dnheny ass~ns taugah SNVs yml oi~sahnss ohe ncmhmlac enrn`m{lnhu {nys{ncuarnohe mnys tahtah sm`~uamhs ugou coh inhnu yls,nl{`mnns, ohe gmsu cm~huyans(

Un su~e oyd~ns ugou snrnyo` ~haq~n q~oàuans mvmhns {ymraen oh m{{myu~hau um oeeynss yadgusiosne cgo``nhdns ohe lojn vmhns o suyoundac nh

raymhlnhu my uoydnuahd nlo`n tmyjnys ugym~dg{màcans ohe dmme {yocuacns ah ugn vmhns ohe ugn

tmyj{òcn( Yn`nrohu m{{myu~hauans taugah vmhnsahc`~en ugn m``mtahd6

L Dnhenyyanhe` ynmyls coh in {a`mune oheunsune ah vmhns, tgacg lo hmu in nosai`n umem ah ugn iymoeny cm~huy cmhunwu(

L Nwasuahd vmhn ahyosuy~cu~yn ohe occnss um hohcao` ohe dmrnyhlnhu snyracns nhoi`ns cml{ohans um {`~dohe{ò: i nwunhsamh, ugas

cm~è lojn au nosany my cml{ohans um s~{{myudnhenyyn`nrohu ahauaouarns, snyracns, ohe ynd~òuamhs a m{nyouahd taugah o vmhn taug dnhenyyanhe` {ymdyols ah {òcn(

L SNVs oyn hmu o `mmsn c`~suny m cml{ohans:

yougny ugn gorn o lohodnlnhu nhuau eneacoune um ugnay m{nyouamh ugou cmhrnhns lnnuahdsm o`` ugn unhohus mh o ynd~òy iosas( Uas lojnsohcgmyahd dnhenys{ncac ahauaouarns um vmhnlohodnlnhu gadg` raoi`n(

L Vmhn m{nyoumys coh {ò o ym`n ah mrnysnnahdugn al{`nlnhuouamh m dnheny {màcans ohe {ymdyols, ohe s~{{myuahd my ynq~ayahd nhuny{yasn~{uojn m ugmsn {màcans ohe {ymdyols(

L Vmhn o~ugmyauans coh gorn lmyn co{ocau ugohhouamho` dmrnyhlnhus um ynd~òun cml{àohcn

taug dnheny {màcans ohe {ymdyols, {oyuac~òyàh cm~huyans tgnyn ynd~òumy nhmycnlnhu asdnhnyo`` tnoj ou ugn houamho` `nrn`(

L Ahcnhuarns my cml{ohans um cml{` taug smcao`suoheoyes oyn l~cg gadgny, os cml{ohans m{nyouahd ah ugn vmhns ocn dynouny {nny {ynss~ynyml ugnay cml{nuaumys os tn`` os yml ahunyhouamho` i~nys tgm oyn {oyuac~òy` suyahdnhuoim~u suoheoyes m ugnay s~{{ànys mcoune ah ugnvmhns(

L Insu {yocuacns ah mhn vmhn coh in asmòune oheyn{àcoune ah mugny vmhns oym~he ugn tmyè inco~sn m suy~cu~yo` salaòyauans m vmhns(

m s~{{myu ugn oimrn mifncuarns, ugas su~e aenhuans d`mio` dmme {yocuacns my tmlnhs ncmhmlac{oyuaca{ouamh ohe oerohcnlnhu ohe enhns o {yocuaco` o{{ymocg um ensadh, {ymlmun, ohe al{`nlnhu ahc`~sarn SNVs ocymss ugn d`min( Au sgm~èin hmune ugou ugn ynsnoycg ausn` ~hcmrnys ynòuarn`nt nwol{`ns m dmme {yocuacn uoydnuahd tmlnh ahSNVs s{ncaco``( Gmtnrny, ah oeeauamh um o slo`òlm~hu m yn`nrohu yn{àcoi`n {yocuacns oroaòi`n ahvmhns, ugn su~e o`sm hes ohe eyots mh mugny ~sn~` {ymdyols al{`nlnhune m~usaen m SNVs ugoucm~è in yn{àcoune taugah vmhns(

?3 Ahunyhouamho` @oim~y Mydohavouamh, Yn{myu m ugn AhBmc~s Ahauaouarn mh nw{myu {ymcnssahd vmhns6 @ounsu uynhes ohe{màc enrn`m{lnhus ah N[Vs, 9;;7(

?5 Aiae(


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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhns5

Ynsnoycg Lnugmem`md

Un su~e ahc`~ens ysugohe misnyrouamhs ymlnè rasaus um vmhns ah nadgu cm~huyans6 Iohdòensg,Cgaho, Cmsuo Yaco, Nd{u, N` So`roemy, Fmyeoh, Jnho, ohe ugn [gaà{{ahns( Un su~e o`sm ahc`~ensahunyrants m d`mio` suojngmèny mydohavouamhs oheo ensjiosne àunyou~yn ynrant(

Cm~huyans tnyn sn`ncune iosne mh snrnyo` ocumys umnhs~yn o earnysn sol{`n( Cmhsaenyouamhs ahc`~ene6

L Vmhn {ymdyol ah ugn cm~huyahc`~eahd {ymdyol lou~yau, cmllnycao` s~ccnss, {òhhnedymtug, mynadh rs( emlnsuac mthnysga{ ohejn ahe~suyans:

L Yndamh:L Ncmhml 'iosne mh DE[!: oheL [munhuao` my al{ocu 'n(d(, sadhacohu {nycnhu

odn m tmyjnys oyn tmlnh!(

O umuo` m ?49 mhnmhmhn ohe dym~{ ahunyrantstnyn cmhe~cune taug yn{ynsnhuouarns m cara` smcanu, tmyjny mydohavouamhs, dmrnyhlnhu, {yarounsncumy 'ahc`~eahd ahunyhouamho` i~nys ohe ocumylohodnys!, ohe vmhn lohodnlnhu(

Un su~e ahc`~ens oh ahen{ug mc~s mh Iohdòensg, tgacg nhuoa`ne tmyjahd taug ugn IohdòensgNw{myu [ymcnssahd Vmhn O~ugmyau 'IN[VO!cm~hsn`mys um easuyai~un o s~yrn um tmyjnys ah o

yoheml sol{`n m ocumyans m{nyouahd taugah ugn

utm loah vmhns ah Iohdòensg( Un sol{`n cmhsasune m 31> tmyjnys, 9;7 nlo`n ohe ?74 lo`n(^sahd o suoheoyeavne ahunyrant umm` ohe ocaàuou

ne tmyjsgm{s, IN[VO cm~hsn`mys cmhe~cune 5?dym~{ ahunyrants( Ou `nosu 9 tmlnh ohe 9 lnh

tnyn ahc`~ene ah nocg ocaàu ahunyrant( Uayunnhocumyans tnyn yoheml` sn`ncune my enuoa`ne dnheny yn{myus i cm~hsn`mys, yn{ynsnhuahd 4 doylnhu,

9 òeans ~henydoylnhu, 9 unhu, ? {ohu 'oujhau!,ohe ? usgayu 'oujhau! loh~ocu~yahd ocaàuans(M ocumyans s~yrnne, ugn ornyodn savn tos oim~u9,;;; tmyjnys taug o{{ymwaloun` 29 {nycnhutmlnh ohe 37 {nycnhu lnh( Occmyeahd um IN[

VO eouo, tmlnh yn{ynsnhu 22 {nycnhu m tmyjnysah Cgauuodmhd N[V ohe >5 {nycnhu m tmyjnys ahEgojo N[V(

Un s~yrn ohe ocumy ahunyrants o``mtne my oq~ohuauouarn, suy~cu~yne ossnsslnhu m ugn ~haq~ncgo``nhdns ohe m{{myu~hauans my nlo`n tmyjnysah vmhns ah Iohdòensg( Unsn ocuarauans tnyn mh`cmhe~cune ah Iohdòensg: nètmyj ah o`` mugnycm~huyans ynàne mh ohncemuo` occm~hus yml tmyjny ahunyrants, `mco` ohe d`mio` HDMs, ohe mugnysuojngmènys(

Ah oeeauamh, ugn su~e yncmdhavne ugou o sadhacohuime m àunyou~yn o`ynoe nwasune mh tmlnhs ncmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh ah vmhns, ugn {msauarn al{ocum tmlnhs ncmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh mh enrn`m{lnhu, ohe ugn inhnus m vmhns um ncmhmlac enrn`m{lnhu( [yaloy ynsnoycg tos o~dlnhune taug oh

UOI@N ? Suojngmèny AhunyrantsSuojngmèny U{n H~liny Mifncuarn m Nhdodnlnhu

Dmrnyhlnhu 97 Aenhua dmrnyhlnhu {yamyauans, alauouamhs, ohe {munhuao` ym`n ah sm`~uamh( Easc~ss ynd~òumy ssunlsah {òcn(

Vmhn O~ugmyauans ?> Aenhua vmhn {yamy auans, nwasuahd {ymdyols, ynd~ oumy ssunl, ohe {munhua o y m n ah ugn sm ~u amh(

[yaroun Sncumy >3 Aenhua eyarnys ohe cgo``nhdns( hcmrny {nys{ncuarn mh nlo`n nl{`mnns( Easc~ss nwasuahd my {munhuao` ~u~yn {ymdyols my {màcans(

Tmyjny Mydohavouamhs ?? Aenhua tmyj{ ocn ass~ns ~haq~n um tmlnh, cgo` nhdns um ugnay ynsm ~uamh, ohe yncmllnheouamhsmy ugn {yaroun sncumy(

Cara` Smcanu 2> Enunylahn cgo``nhdns ocahd tmlnh ou tmyj ohe ou gmln, ohe noyh oim~u {ymdyols ohe {màcans ahugn yndamh um oeeynss ugmsn cgo``nhdns(


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U

gas cgo{uny {ynsnhus ugn ncmhmlac ohe smcao`

cosn my dmrnyhlnhus, vmhns, ohe nhuny{yasnsum cynoun ohe nhmycn {màcans ohe al{`nlnhu

{ymdyols ugou s~{{myu tmyjahd tmlnh ohe nlo`nnhuyn{ynhn~ys(

SNVs munh nl{`m o gadgny {nycnhuodn m tmlnhugoh ugn houamho` ornyodn, nrnh tgnyn ugnyn oynynòuarn` `mt `nrn`s m nlo`n òimy mycn {oyuaca{ouamh houamho``( Tga`n tmlnhs ~hnl{`mlnhuunhes um in gadgny ugoh lnhs ah ugn lofmyau mugn cm~huyans ahc`~ene ah ugas su~e, my nwol{`n,

nlo`n òimy mycn {oyuaca{ouamh as nq~o` my gadgnyah vmhns ugoh m~usaen m vmhns( Uas enlmhsuyounsugn m{{myu~hau ugou vmhns yn{ynsnhu my tmlnhsnl{`mlnhu, {oyuac~òy` ah cm~huyans tgnyn mylo` nl{`mlnhu m{{myu~hauans my tmlnh oynmugnytasn yoyn, s~cg os Fmyeoh ohe Jnho( Ahcynosne nl{`mlnhu m{{myu~hauans my tmlnh,s~cg os ugmsn {ymraene ah SNVs, coh cmhuyai~un umsadhacohu smcamncmhmlac inhnus(

Ahrnsuahd ah tmlnh anès {msauarn ynu~yhs my ugn

smcanu, my ugn gmsu cm~huy, ohe my ugn vmhn ausnòs tn`` os my ugn imuuml àhn m ugn i~sahnss m{nyouahd ah ugn vmhn( Gmtnrny, ah ugn oisnhcn m odnhenyahc`~sarn rant m {màcans, {ymcne~yns, oheahauaouarns, iymoe enrn`m{lnhuo` mifncuarns ta`` incml{ymlasne ohe ugn ~`` {munhuao` m uyoen mynw{myu {nymylohcn ohe cml{nuauarnhnss, dymtug,ohe {mrnyu yne~cuamh ta`` hmu in ynoàvne( Uassu~e oyd~ns ugou SNVs coh in ~sne um {ymlmun

tmlnhs ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu i ahcynosahd

ohe al{ymrahd mylo` nl{`mlnhu m{{myu~hauans,{ymraeahd tmlnh taug gadgny ahcmln `nrn`s ugohomyene m~usaen vmhns, ohe s~{{myuahd tmlnhsncmhmlac ahen{nhenhcn( Ynòune ncmhmlac ynu~yhs ou ugn houamho`, vmhn, ohe nhuny{yasn `nrn` oynnw{òahne ah enuoa` in`mt(

A( Smcamncmhmlac Ynu~yhs my ugnGmsu Cm~huy

Ahcynosahd tmlnhs ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu ahSNVs coh gorn sadhacohu al{ocus mh ncmhmlacenrn`m{lnhu ohe {mrnyu yne~cuamh( Nhgohcnencmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh i tmlnh, c~yynhu` ~henyyn{ynsnhune ah ugn mylo` òimy mycn ah ugnlofmyau m enrn`m{ahd cm~huyans, coh cmhuyai~un ummrnyo`` ncmhmlac dymtug( Tgnh tmlnh oyn ynnum snnj oh ne~couamh my tmyj m~usaen ugn gmln,ugn incmln lmyn oi`n um cmhuyai~un um ugnay mthenrn`m{lnhu ohe ugou m ugnay olaàns, cmll~hauans, ohe smcanuans( Ah {oyuac~òy, dynouny dnheny

nq~oàu ah ne~couamh ohe ahcmln coh nhgohcno tmlohs encasamhlojahd {mtny taugah ugngm~sngmè( Tgnh lnh ohe tmlnh oyn oi`n umuojn ~{ fmis ohe mcc~{ouamhs occmyeahd um ugnayoiaàu ohe {ynnynhcn yougny ugoh dnheny hmyls,oddyndoun {yme~cuarau lo ahcynosn( Ohe tgnhcm~huyans oyn oi`n um lmiaàvn ugn nq~o` {oyuaca{ouamh m lnh ohe tmlnh ah smcao` ohe {màuaco` àn,dmrnyhlnhus ohe {màclojahd imeans oyn àjn`

Cgo{uny ?6Ugn Cosn my [ymlmuahd TmlnhsNcmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ah SNVs


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um doah ah earnysau m rants ohe rmacns( Baho``,tmlnh nhuyn{ynhn~ys oyn lmyn àjn` um dnhnyounfmis my mugny tmlnh ah ugn cmll~hau ohe cynouncoscoeahd smcao` ohe ncmhmlac inhnus m dnhenyahc`~samh ah ugn tmyj{òcn(?>

Os tmlnhs ahcmlns yasn ohe ugn nw{ohe ugnaycmhuym` mrny gm~sngmè s{nheahd encasamhs, ugnayo``mcouamh m gm~sngmè ynsm~ycns eanys ugou myml lnh( Su~eans gorn enlmhsuyoune, my nwol{`n,ugou tmlnh eneacoun gadgny lmhnuoy olm~hus umola` gnoùg ohe h~uyauamh, ohe um cgaèynhs ne~couamh(?2 Mrny ugn `mhdny unyl, s~cg sgaus lo yne~cn ahohu, lounyho`, ohe mrnyo`` lmyuoàu youns(Unynmyn, ahcynosahd tmlnhs ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu ah SNVs, i yne~cahd ~henyhm~yasglnhu ah

cgaèynh, ta`` gn`{ encynosn cgymhac ahohu sacjhnss,su~huahd, ohe al{oayne smcao` ohe cmdhauarn enrn`m{lnhu( Unsn sgaus coh cmhuyai~un um o `mhdy~hlocymncmhmlac nncu i al{ymrahd g~loh co{auoòhe ug~s ugn òimy {yme~cuarau m o smcanu(?4

AA( Ncmhmlac Ynu~yhs my VmhnO~ugmyau

O sunoe s~{{` m cgno{ nlo`n òimy gos cmhuyai~une um ugn enrn`m{lnhu m cml{nuauarn nw{myumyanhune ahe~suyans ah smln cm~huyans( Ou ugn

soln ualn, nl{`mlnhu ah SNVs gos ahcynosnetmlnhs ahcmlnnoyhahd m{{myu~hauans, munhyn{ynsnhuahd o sadhacohu al{ymrnlnhu cml{oynetaug noyàny àlaune m{uamhs s~cg os ~h{oae ola` tmyj, {mmy` {oae tmyj ah ugn ahmylo` sncumy,

my s~isasunhcn oylahd ah y~yo` oynos( Ah oeeauamhum {ymraeahd gadgny `nrn`s m ahcmln, nl{`mlnhu ah ugn nw{myumyanhune mylo` sncumy darnstmlnh o gadgny suou~s, lmyn o~umhml, ohe smlnencasamhlojahd {mtnys taugah ugnay gm~sngmès(

Tmlnh tmyjnys gorn yn{myune oh nhgohcnlnhum ugnay sn`nsunnl, ohe ugn o{{yncaoun ugn nw{ohene smcao` m{{myu~hauans ohe àn cgmacns ugoutodn nl{`mlnhu iyahds(?7 Uas o`sm iyahds odynouny cgohdn ah dnheny ynòuamhs, i sgauahd{oynhus {nycn{uamhs m day` cgaèynh os o àoiaàuumtoye rantahd ugnl os {munhuao` ahcmln noyhnys

ohe cmhuyai~umys um ugn gm~sngmè( Ouuau~ens ohe

ahcnhuarns my ne~couahd day`s oyn al{ymrne os oyns~ù(?1 Ens{aun ugnsn oerohcns, gmtnrny, o cmhcnyh ynloahs ugou tga`n SNVs gorn innh nncuarnah cynouahd mylo` nl{`mlnhu m{{myu~hauans ahtmlnhs òimyahunhsarn ahe~suyans, ugnsn nl

{`mlnhu m{{myu~hauans lo hmu yn{ynsnhu encnhu

?> Salora nu o`(, 9;?;(?2 I`~linyd, Ahcmln ~heny Bnlo`n Rnys~s Lo`n Cmh

uym`, Fm~yho` m Bola` Ass~ns, 1'?!, ?177: Ensoa oheFmghsmh, Tmlnhs EncasamhLojahd ohe CgaèGnoùg6 Bolaào` ohe Smcao` Ganyoycgans, Cmllassamhne i ugn Lnos~yn EGS {ymfncu ah Co`rnyumh,Loyòhe, 9;;>(

?4 Snn, my nwol{`n, Sun{gnh Jhmt`ns, [o~ò @mydn``, ohe[( Emyaoh Mtnh, Oyn Ne~couamho` Dnheny Do{s o Iyojnmh Ncmhmlac Enrn`m{lnhu= Smln CymssCm~huy Nl{ayaco` Nraenhcn, Mwmye Ncmhmlac [o{nys>5 '?!6 ??751:S( Jòsnh ohe B( @olohho, Un Al{ocu m Dnheny Ahnq~oàu ah Ne~couamh ohe Nl{`mlnhu mh NcmhmlacDymtug ah Enrn`m{ahd Cm~huyans, Bnlahasu Ncmhmlacs?> '3!6 1??39: I( NsunrnRmòyu, Dnheny Eascyalahouamh ohe Dymtug6 Unmy ohe Nraenhcn yml Aheao,?27: O( Imscgaha, Un Al{ocu m Dnheny Sunynmu{nsmh Ncmhmlac Dymtug 'En{oyulnhu m Ncmhmlacs, harnysau m Sumcjgm`l, 9;;3!: ( Coro`cohua ohe F( oroyns,Un M~u{~u Cmsu m Dnheny Eascyalahouamh6 O LmenÌosne Locymncmhmlac Nsualoun '^harnysaeoen Hmroen @asimo ohe Cnhuny my Ncmhmlac [màc Ynsnoycg,

9;;4!( Louugaos I~ssn ohe [nuny H~hhnhjol{, Dnheny eas{oyau ah ne~couamh ohe ahunyhouamho` cml{nuauamhmy mynadh eayncu ahrnsulnhu( Bnlahasu Ncmhmlacs?> '3!62?1;( Smln sjn{uacasl ynloahs oim~u ugn ynàoiaàu myns~ùs yml cymsscm~huy dymtug yndynssamhs, ah {oyu e~num cmhcnyh oim~u sal~ùohnau {ymi`nls 'inutnnh dymssemlnsuac {yme~cu dymtug ohe dnheny nq~oàu!( tmsu~eans ugou oeeynss ugas {ymi`nl, ~sahd 3S@S nsualouamhuncghaq~ns, oyn Ioàolm~hn@~uv, D`mioàsouamh oheDnheny Ahnq~oàu6 As Oyaco Eanynhu=Fm~yho` m Oyacoh Ncmhmlans?2 '9!6 3;?357: ohe Sun{gohan Snd~ahmohe Folns @mrahsj, Un Al{ocu m Ynàdamsau mh Dnheny Ouuau~ens ohe M~ucmlns '^HYASE, 9;;1!( Yns~ùs

yml locymncmhmlac ynsnoycg mh dnheny ohe dymtug,s~yrnne ah Fohnu D( Sumusj, Dnheny ohe Aus Yn`nrohcn um

Locymncmhmlac [màcq6O S~yrnq, 'Ahunyhouamho` LmhnuoyB~he, 9;;2! oyn cmhsasunhu taug ugn lacymncmhmlac ynsnoycg( Oùgm~dg co~soàu as eabc~ù um cmhc`~sarn` nsuoiàsg inco~sn m alaune ualn snyans eouo, ugas cmliahneime m tmyj mnys o cmhrnydnhcn m nraenhcn mh ugninhnus m dnheny nq~oàu ah ne~couamh ohe, um o `nssnynwunhu, nl{`mlnhu, my smcanuo` ncmhmlac tn`ìnahd(

?7 aohm ohe Baoò, ?11?: Olah nu o`(, ?117(?1 Joinny, ?11>(


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Ugn Cosn my [ymlmuahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ah SNVs 1

tmyj,9; os enhne i ugn Ahunyhouamho` @oim~yMydohavouamh 'A@M!( Ohmugny cmhcnyh as ugou ugnsoln tmlnh lo `msn m~u os SNVs ~{dyoen um`nss co{auo` ohe-my sja`àhunhsarn ahe~suyans(9?

Byml o cml{nuauarnhnss {nys{ncuarn, au as oyd~neugou o enrn`m{lnhu suyound iosne mh nw{myu ahe~suyans ohe cgno{ òimy cohhmu in s~suoahoi`n(Sgmyuunyl doahs coh in yno{ne ah unyls m loyjnu

sgoyns, i~u cml{nuauamh olmhd `mtahcmln cm~huyans ta`` ~henylahn ugn cml{nuauarn oerohuodn mugn noy` lmrnys i ormyahd cm~huyans taug nrnhcgno{ny òimy( Ah ugas cmhunwu, cm~huyans tgm al{`nlnhu o mhdunyl suyound um ahcynosn ugn uncg

hm`mdaco` cmhunhu m ugnay nw{myus ohe lmrn ~{ugn s~{{`cgoah òeeny ta`` ocganrn `mhdnyunyl

enrn`m{lnhu doahs ugou aeno`` oyn s{ynoe lmynnq~o`` olmhd ugn {m{~òuamh( Gmtnrny, inco~snm ugn cmhcnhuyouamh m `mttodn nlo`n tmyjnys

ah co{auo` ohe-my sja`àhunhsarn ahe~suyans, ahe~suy ~{dyoeahd i ugnsn cm~huyans ta`` hncnssoya`yns~ù ah òydnsco`n fmi `mss, taug eas{ym{myuamhounal{ocus mh tmlnh( Ahundyouahd dnhenynq~oàucmhsaenyouamhs ahum vmhn {ymdyols ou o`` suodns mugn ~{dyoen {ymcnss ta`` àlau hndouarn al{ocu ohe

nhs~yn ugou ugn smcamncmhmlac doahs m tmlnhsnl{`mlnhu ohe nl{mtnylnhu oyn loahuoahne(Vmhn{ymdyol dymtug ohe ~{dyoen suyoundanssgm~è o`sm cmhsaeny dnheny nq~oàu ah ne~couamhohe uyoahahd, sm ugou tmlnh doah gadgny q~oàco

uamhs my nl{`mlnhu ah ahn taug ugn yasn ah uncghm`mdaco` co{oiaàuans m ugn nw{myuahd cm~huy(99

Os s~cg, ugnyn as oh ncmhmlac cosn my ugn ynunhuamhohe sja`` ~{dyoeahd m nlo`n tmyjnys ah vmhns,sahcn ugnsn ta`` o``mt ugn gmsu cm~huy um ynloahcml{nuauarn ohe {ymuoi`n ohe um cmhuyai~un um ugndymtug m ugn nw{myu loyjnu(

Ah oeeauamh um ugn cml{nuauarnhnss m ugn gmsucm~huy, snrnyo` i~sahnss inhnus nwasu my ugncml{nuauarnhnss m ugn vmhn ausn`( Vmhns oyn ah o~haq~n {msauamh um ahuyme~cn ohe {ymlmun dnhenyahc`~sarn {màcans ohe {ymdyols i i~aèahd ugnlahum ugnay mhnsum{sgm{ mnyahds( Vmhns ugou{ymraen, s~{{myu, my nhcm~yodn nhuny{yasns um oem{utmlnhyanhe` {ymdyols ohe {màcans coh loyjnu

ugmsn nmyus os ~haq~n ohe oeeauamho` inhnus umi~sahnssns ugou `mcoun taugah ugnl( Dnhenyahc`~sarn {màcans ohe {ymdyols coh enàrny i~sahnssinhnus um vmhns ah ugn m``mtahd myls6

?( Nhgohcne `ndo` {ymuncuamh ohe ahrnsumy cml{àohcn ugym~dg oay ohe nq~o` nl{`mlnhu myugn lofmyau nlo`n tmyjmycn:

9( Nhgohcne yn{~uouamh olmhd ahrnsumys ohei~nys yml cmllaulnhu um smcao` yns{mhsaiaàu umtoye ugn lofmyau nlo`n tmyjmycn: ohe

3( Ouuyocuamh m ahrnsumys i o sja``ne ohe co{oi`nnlo`n òimy mycn(

Unsn oyn nw{`myne ah dynouny enuoa` ah ugn sncuamhsin`mt(

?( Nhgohcne ndo` {ymuncuamh ohe ahrnsumy cml{àohcn

SNVs gorn o d`mio` yn{~uouamh m ynsuyacuahd tmyjny yadgus, ah {oyuac~òy i àlauahd my {ymgaiauahdynneml m ossmcaouamh(Taugah ugas cmhunwu, noy~`m inahd ~hoi`n um lnnu ugn dymtahd `ndo` cml{àohcn nw{ncuouamhs m d`mio` i~nys, mynadh ahrnsumys lo in yn`~cuohu um `mcoun ugnay i~sahnss ahvmhns( Nsuoiàsgahd lncgohasls um nhgohcn `ndo`{ymuncuamh ohe lmhaumy ahrnsumy cml{àohcn cohsnyrn os o cml{nuauarn eanynhuaoumy my ahearae~o`vmhns my vmhn {ymdyols(

Sahcn tmlnh yn{ynsnhu ugn lofmyau m vmhn nl{`mnns ah loh cosns, ohe tmlnhs òimy yadgus

9; Un A@M enhns encnhu tmyj mh aus Tni saun os ugnm``mtahd6 Encnhu tmyj s~ls ~{ ugn os{ayouamhs m{nm{`n ah ugnay tmyjahd àrns( Au ahrm`rns m{{myu~hauansmy tmyj ugou as {yme~cuarn ohe enàrnys o oay ahcmln,

snc~yau ah ugn tmyj{òcn ohe smcao` {ymuncuamh myolaàns, inuuny {yms{ncus my {nysmho` enrn`m{lnhu ohesmcao` ahundyouamh, ynneml my {nm{`n um nw{ynss ugnaycmhcnyhs, mydohavn ohe {oyuaca{oun ah ugn encasamhs ugouoncu ugnay àrns ohe nq~oàu m m{{myu~hau ohe uynoulnhu my o`` tmlnh ohe lnh( Sm~ycn6 guu{6--ttt(a`m(myd-d`mio`-um{acs-encnhutmyj-òhdnh-ahenw(gul

9? Ioyyanhums, Joinny ohe Gmssoah, 9;;399 ^H, 9;;5 yoen ohe Dnheny6 M{{myu~hauans my En

rn`m{ahd Cm~huyans( Un ncmhmlacs m dnheny nq~oàu,uyoen ohe enrn`m{lnhu, 94(
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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhns?;

oyn munh eas{ym{myuamhoun` cml{ymlasne, ahundyouahd {ymdyols ohe {màcans my tmlnh ahumvmhn snyracns ohe ynq~aynlnhus coh gn`{ ahcynosncml{àohcn taug ohe inmhe ugn òt( Bmy nwol{`n,ah Iohdòensg, cmhuah~m~s al{ymrnlnhu ah cml

{àohcn gn`{s vmhn o~ugmyauans 'IN[VO! ohe ahrnsumys lauadoun yasj ohe ouuyocu ohe ynuoah mynadhahrnsulnhu( Un inhnus m `ndo` cml{àohcn oheal{ymrne oiaàu um lnnu i~ny suoheoyes taugahugn vmhns os cml{oyne um m~usaen coh gn`{ Iohdòensgs vmhns dymt ugnay sgoyn m ugn nw{myu loyjnu(

IMW ? Nhgohcne @ndo` [ymuncuamh Nwol{`nUgn IN[VO Cm~hsn`mys [ymdyol ah Iohdòensg tos ahuyme~cne os o vmhn`nrn` lmhaumyahd ssunl um ossnss òimy suoheoyescml{àohcn ohe gos 2; cm~hsn`mys, tgm nocg lmhaumy oimy {yocuacnsah >?; nhuny{yasns( Bnlo`n tmyjnys gorn uojnh oerohuodn m ugn {ym

dyol um yn{myu tmyj{òcn dyanrohcns, snw~o` goyosslnhu, ohe mugnycmhcnyhs( Ugas lmen`, ysu unsune i Qm~hdMhn ocumy ah Cgauuodmhd

N[V, nl{mtnys ugn Cm~hsn`my d~yn um gn`{ tmyjnys oeeynss imug

{nysmho` ohe {ymnssamho` cmhcnyhs inmyn dyanrohcns l~su in `ne(Ugn {ymdyol gos s~ccnss~`` yne~cne dyanrohcns yml 9,>;; um 5;;

mrny ugn {nyame 9;;> um 9;;1( Ahunyrants taug IN[VO cm~hsn`mys, ugngnoe m ugn Cm~hsn`my {ymdyol, ohe IN[VO vmhn suo cmhylne ugou

ugn {ymdyol goe o`sm cmhuyai~une um al{ymrne cml{àohcn olmhdvmhn ahrnsumys(

9( Nhgohcne yn{~uouamh olmhd d`mio` i~qnysohe vmhn ahrnsumys tgm ro`~n smcao` yns{mhsaiaàuq

O {msauarn yn{~uouamh rasras tmyjahd cmheauamhs coh gn`{ vmhns ouuyocu imug i~nys ohe ahrnsumys tgm tohu um in ah cml{àohcn taug òimy òtohe g~loh yadgus suoheoyes, ohe ugmsn tgm tohuum yne~cn ugnay o~eauahd i~yenh i sm~ycahd ymlnhraymhlnhus taug inuuny òts ohe nhmycnlnhu mòts( Ahcnhuarns um cml{` taug `ndo` suoheoyes oyn

l~cg gadgny my ugmsn cml{ohans m{nyouahd ah ugnvmhns, os ugn ocn dynouny {nny {ynss~yn yml ugnaycml{nuaumys os tn`` os yml ahunyhouamho` i~nystgm oyn {oyuac~òy` suyahdnhu oim~u suoheoyes mugnay s~{{ànys mcoune ah ugn vmhns( [oyuaca{ouamh ahs~{{`cgoah cml{àohcn nmyus s~cg os ugn D`mio`Yn{myuahd Ahauaouarn oyn nw{ncune um nw{ohe, o`mhdsaen nw{ohsamh m s~cg imeans mifncuarns um ahc`~enrm`~huoy ohe cml{~`smy suoheoyes(

O smàe yn{~uouamh o`sm gn`{s ouuyocu tmyjnys umugn nhuny{yasns m{nyouahd ah ugn vmhns, ohe loahcynosn cml{nuauamh my fmis ugnyn, gn`{ahd umnhs~yn o gadgnysja``ne ohe en{nheoi`n s~{{` mòimy( Tmyjnys ta`` o`sm in `nss àjn` um `norn ugn

vmhn my m~usaen nl{`mlnhu: gmtnrny, u~yhmrnyinutnnh ahearae~o` nhuny{yasns taugah ugn vmhn

ta`` àjn` ynloah ou hmylo` youns(

IMW 9 Yn{~uouamh Lohodnlnhu Nwol{`nVmhn ah N` So`roemy6 Tga`n vmhns ah ugn cm~huy gorn s~nyne ahugn ncmhmlac cyasas, loh eym{{ahd um >; {nycnhu co{ocau, mhn vmhngos loahuoahne o`lmsu ~`` mcc~{ohc( Ugn CNM m ugn vmhn ouuyai~uns

aus s~ccnss um ugn ocu ugou au gos o yn{~uouamh os o yns{mhsai`n vmhn,o``mtahd au um ouuyocu ohe i~aè `mhdunyl ynòuamhsga{s taug cml{o

hans tgm ro`~n ugn nwuyo snyracns ugn vmhn mnys ah oeeauamh um `ndo`ynq~aynlnhusloh m tgacg oyn gnoùg snyracns ugou eayncu` inhnutmlnh tmyjnys, s~cg os dhncm`mdaco snyracns ohe o {neaouyac càhac(

3( Ouuyocuamh m ahrnsumys i sja``ne, co{oi`n òimy mycn

Vmhns coh o`sm ynloah cml{nuauarn ohe cmhuyai~unum nhuny{yasns imuuml ahn i ouuyocuahd ohe uyoahahd

o sja``ne ohe co{oi`n òimy mycn, ugym~dg {ymdyolsugou oyn s~isaeavne i my tgmsn cmsu as sgoyne taug

ahrnsumys, s~cg os sja``s uyoahahd( Os tmlnh oyn ajnùm gorn `mtny `nrn`s m ne~couamh ohe sja``s os cml{oyne taug lnh, tmlnh ta`` nw{nyanhcn eas{ym{my

uamhoun inhnu yml uyoahahd ohe mugny enrn`m{lnhu{ymdyols taugah vmhns( @ajntasn, inco~sn ugn yn{ynsnhu ugn lofmyau m lmsu vmhn tmyjmycns, ugn

IMW 3 Sja``ne @oimy Bmycn Nwol{`nUgn [~iàc[yaroun Uyoahahd [ymdyol, Cmsuo Yaco, mnysynn s{ncaoàvne uncghaco` uyoahahd um tmyjnys ah vmhns ugym~dg ugndmrnyhlnhus Houamho` @noyhahd Ahsuau~un 'AHO!, ugn Cmsuo Yaco Ahrnsulnhu [ymlmuamh Odnhc 'CAHEN!, ohe ahearae~o` nhuny{yasns ahvmhns( CAHEN mydohavns o tmyjahd dym~{ m vmhn ahrnsumys um {ymraen nneiocj mh ugnay cmhcnyhs ohe hnnes rasras ensayne sja``s ahugn òimy mycn, ohe ugas nneiocj as ahundyoune eayncu` ahum AHOs c~yyac~`~l( Ugas {ymdyol ohe ssunl m ocq~ayahd nneiocj {ymraensvmhn ahrnsumys taug ynn my `mtcmsu uncghaco` uyoahahd my tmyjnysmh ugn s{ncac sja``s ugn gorn aenhuane os {yamyauans, {yme~cahdgadgnysja``ne, lmyn {yme~cuarn tmyjnys(


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Ugn Cosn my [ymlmuahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ah SNVs ??

al{ocus m uyoahahd {ymdyols suohe um yns~ù ah òydnysco`n yne~cuamhs m u~yhmrny ohe ahcynosns ah ugnro`~n m vmhniosne fmis um ugn `mco` òimy {mm`(

AAA( Ncmhmlac Ynu~yhs my Ahrnsumys6Inhnbus my Cml{ohq Imuuml@ahn

Ahrnsulnhus ah cynouahd tmlnhyanhe` tmyjahdnhraymhlnhus gorn innh sgmth um gorn o lnos~yoi`n, {msauarn al{ocu mh oh nhuny{yasns imuuml ahnos tn``( Unsn inhnus ahc`~en6

?( Yne~cne oisnhunnasl ohe u~yhmrny, ahcynosne{yme~cuarau, ohe nhgohcne tmyjny `moù:

9( @ndo` cml{àohcn ohe yasj lauadouamh: ohe3( Al{ymrne tmyjny souasocuamh ohe tmyjny

lohodnlnhu cmll~hacouamh(

?( Yne~cne oisnhunnasl ohe u~yhmrny, ahcynosne {yme~cuarau, ohe nhgohcne tmyjny`moù

Doylnhu, mmutnoy, ohe n`ncuymhacs ocumy lohodnlnhu ohe ahunyhouamho` i~nys ahunyrantne myugas su~e odynn mh ugn i~sahnss inhnus m al{`nlnhuahd tmyj{òcn {ymdyols uoydnuahd tmlnh(S~cg inhnus ahc`~en nhgohcne tmyjny moù ohesja``s, yne~cne oisnhunnasl, ohe yne~cne u~yhmrny(Au as oss~lne ugou ugnsn yns~ùs o`sm cmhuyai~un umal{ymrne {yme~cuarau ohe q~oàu( Au as o`sm oyd~neugou ugn i~sahnss inhnus m ahrnsuahd ah tmlnhdm inmhe mhn ocumy my mhn ahunyhouamho` cml{oh6 s~{{myuahd nlo`n ocumy tmyjnys as eayncuùane um ugn s~suoahoiaàu m ugn àdgu loh~ocu~yahd ahe~suy os o tgm`n inco~sn m ugn lodhau~enm cmhuyai~uamhs um ugn ahe~suy loen i la`àmhsm nlo`n tmyjnys(93

Ah {oyuac~òy, ahrnsulnhus ah tmlnhs gnoùg {ymdyols nhfm {msauarn ynu~yhs( O cmsuinhnu oho`sas m o tmlnhs gnoùg {ymdyol ah Iohdòensg,my nwol{`n, m~he o 36? ynu~yh mh ahrnsulnhu'YMA! e~n um ugn {ymdyols al{ocu ah encynosahdgnoùgynòune oisnhunnasl ohe suo u~yhmrny(95Mugny su~eans gorn emc~lnhune ugn mrnyo`` YMAah tmyj{òcn gnoùg( Mhn ynrant m ?; s~cg su~e

ans m~he YMAs yohdahd yml 96? um 26? yml`mtnyne gnoùg coyn cmsus, encynosne oisnhunnasl,al{ymrne {nymylohcn ohe {yme~cuarau, ohe nl{`mnn ouuyocuamh ohe ynunhuamh(9> O 9;?; su~em~he o ^S%3(94 yne~cuamh ah lneaco` cmsus ohe

o ^S%9(43 yne~cuamh ah oisnhunnaslynòune cmsusmy nrny em`òy s{nhu mh nl{`mnn tn``hnss {ymdyols(92 Smln ocumyans, ahc`~eahd utm ah Nd{uohe N` So`roemy rasaune my ugas su~e, gorn ind~hocu mh ugn misnyrne àhj inutnnh gnoùgynòuneoisnhunnasl ohe ocumyiosne gnoùg m~uynocg ial{`nlnhuahd {ymdyols 'snn nwol{`ns in`mt!(

9( @ndo` cml{àohcn ohe yasj lauadouamhOhmugny jn oyno m i~sahnss inhnu as ah yasj lau

adouamhs{ncaco`` i s~{{myuahd cml{àohcn

taug tmlnh tmyjnys yadgus( Cml{àohcn taughouamho` òimy òts ohe ahunyhouamho` cmhrnhuamhsgos incmln ahcynosahd` {yamyauavne i l~ùahouamho` cml{ohans 'LHCs!, tgm cmhe~cu o~eaus

um ossnss oegnynhcn um `mco` ohe ahunyhouamho` òti cml{ohans s~{{àhd ugnl taug loh~ocu~ynedmmes my snyracns( Ahcynosahd`, LHCs oyn cmhsaenyahd smcao` ohe nhraymhlnhuo` {nymylohcn,ah oeeauamh um {yacn, q~oàu, ohe mhualn enàrny,ah ugnay {~ycgosahd encasamhs ohe cmhuyocu~o` ynò

uamhsga{s( Os tmlnh yn{ynsnhu imug ugn lofmyaum ohe ugn lmsu r~`hnyoi`n nl{`mnns, tmlnhahc`~sarn {ymdyols yn{ynsnhu o jn oyno m ahrnsulnhu um {ynrnhu ugn `mss m cànhu cmhuyocus ohetmyjny u~yhmrny um mugny nhuny{yasns taug inuuny

smcao` {ymdyols(

93 Ahunyrant, F~hn 9;?;(95 Nwunheahd Snyracn Enàrny, Nncus m Tmyj{òcn

gnoùg {ymdyol mh oisnhunnasl, u~yhmrny, ohe tmyjny

ouuau~ens ah o Iohdòensg doylnhu ocumy, 9;;4(9> [n``nuany, Jnhhnug, O Ynrant ohe Oho`sas m ugnGnoùg ohe CmsuNncuarn M~ucmln Su~eans m Cml{yngnhsarn Gnoùg [ymlmuamh ohe Easnosn [ynrnhuamh[ymdyols ou ugn Tmyjsaun6 ?11??113, Olnyacoh

Fm~yho` m Gnoùg [ymlmuamh, Sn{unliny-Mcuminy?1136 >;29: Cgo{loh, @oyy, [ymm[msauarn6 Oho`sns m ugn Cmsu Nncuarnhnss m Tmyjsaun Tn``hnss,S~llnw Cmy{myouamh, ?112(

92 Ioacjny, Jougnyahn nu o`, Tmyj{òcn Tn``hnss [ymdyolsCoh Dnhnyoun Sorahds, Gnoùg Ooays, 9169, 9;?;(


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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhns?9

Lmsu c~yynhu cml{àohcn ssunls cmhuah~n um oeeynss ugn al{ocus m yasjs, yougny ugoh cmhuyai~uahdum nàlahouamh m ugn yasjs ugnlsn`rns( Oeeynssahd

tmlnhs{ncac ass~ns yn{ynsnhus oh m{{myu~hauum aenhua yasjs ugou lo in c~yynhu` gaeenh, s~cgos snw~o` goyosslnhu my lounyhau inhnu ramòuamhs, ohe oeeynss ugn sm~ycn m ugmsn yasjs yougnyugoh mh` ugnay al{ocus(

Un lofmyau m `ndo` cml{àohcn ass~ns oyn dnhenyhn~uyo`, sm lmsu nwasuahd dmme {yocuacns emhmu sahd`n m~u nlo`n nl{`mnns( Hnrnyugn`nss,

tmlnh suohe um inhnu eas{ym{myuamhoun` ymls~cg {ymdyols, ohe ta`` inhnu nrnh lmyn a ugnsn

{ymdyols o{{` o dnheny {nys{ncuarn um yadguscml{àohcn(

3( Al{ymrne tmyjny souasocuamh ohe tmyjnylohodnlnhu cmll~hacouamh

Cml{ohans gorn o`sm caune ugn i~sahnss inhnusdnhnyoune i al{ymrne tmyjnylohodnlnhu cmll~hacouamh( Un lofmyau m dyanrohcns `ne itmyjnys oyn ynòune um lascmll~hacouamh tauglohodnlnhu my las~henysuoheahd m ahearae~o`yadgus ohe yns{mhsaiaàuans( S~cg dyanrohcns mcc~yah òydn h~linys ohe coh in cmsu`my nwol{`n,ah Cgaho ah 9;;7, hnoy` mhn la`àmh òimy eas{~unstnyn `ne 'taug lmyn ugoh 213,;;; àuadouamh cosnsohe lmyn ugoh 934,;;; òimy oyiauyouamh cosns!,yn{ynsnhuahd oh ahcynosn m 13(13 {nycnhu mrny ugneas{~uns `ne ah 9;;4( Ohmugny {munhuao` i~sahnssinhnu as al{ymrne oiaàu m lohodnlnhu um ohuac

IMW 5OISNHUNNASL OHE U^YHMRNYNWOL[@NS

Ah Iohdòensg, Cgaho, Nd{u, Aheao, [ojasuoh, ohe Ranuhol, GNY{ymfncu 'my Gnoùg Nhoi`ns Ynu~yhs!? unocgns nlo`n tmyjnys oim~u yn{yme~cuarn gnoùg, ola` {òhhahd, ohe gmt umcoyn my ugnlsn`rns ugym~dg o snyans m ahocumy ne~couamho` snssamhs( Ugmsn tmyjnys ah u~yh cm~hsn` ohe ne~coun ugnay {nnys ah ugnocumy( I~sahnss inhnus um ugn {ymdyol ahc`~en encynosne gnoùgynòune oisnhunnasl ohe suo u~yhmrny, oh ahcynosne nlo`n òimy{mm`, ohe al{ymrne tmyjnylohodnlnhu cmll~hacouamh(

Odoylnhu ocumy ah N` So`roemy mnys ahocumy gnoùg snyracns ah oeeauamh um ugmsn {ymraene ou ugn vmhn càhac ohe o B~u~ynLmugnys C`~i ugou mnys {ynhouo` ohe {msuhouo` uyoahahd ohes~{{myu( Ugn ocumy o`sm cmhe~cus ahrnsuadouamhs ahum gnoùgynòuneass~ns ugou cmhuyai~un um oisnhunnasl ohe ~sns ugn yns~ùs um enunylahn ugn cmhunhu m gnoùg uyoahahd {ymdyols ohe-my gnoùg oays(

Ugn Qm~hdMhn Cm~hsn`my [ymdyol, Iohdòensg, gn`{s

tmyjnys ohe lohodnlnhu oeeynss àn ohe tmyj {ymi`nls inmynugn cynoun oernysn oncus mh tmlnh ou tmyj( Ugn ocumy gos o umuo`m 51 cm~hsn`mys '54 tmlnh! tgm ocu os ugn ysu {mahu m cmhuocumy nlo`n tmyjnys um dm um taug ola` louunys os tn`` os tmyj{òcndyanrohcns( Ugn ssunl gos gn`{ne Qm~hdMhn al{ymrn ohuaca{ouamhm {munhuao` oisnhunnasl os tn`` os enrn`m{ inuuny ssunls um nw{òahohe ormae oisnhunnasl ohe u~yhmrny(

Ah Cgaho, ugn Qoh Wan, Ualinyòhe ohe Smcao` Occm~huoiaàu Ahunyhouamho` 'SOA! tmyjny cmllauunn {ymdyol nsuoiàsgne oh n`ncune tmyjny cmllauunn ohe ahmylne ohe oerasne tmyjnys ohe lohodnlnhu mh yadgus ohe yns{mhsaiaàu ass~ns( Ornyodnnl{`mnn unh~yn em~i`ne yml ?9(2 lmhugs um 9> lmhugs mrny ugncm~ysn m ugn {ymdyol(9 Ugas {ymdyol emns hmu uoydnu tmlnh mh`(

? GNY [ymfncu as o ocumyiosne tmlnhs gnoùg otoynhnssyoasahd {ymdyolugou gos innh al{`nlnhune ah Cgaho, Nd{u, Lnwacm, Aheao, [ojasuoh, ohe Ranu

hol( Snn guu{6--ttt(gny{ymfncu(myd-(9 Lo, Loyuah nu o`, Byml Tmyes um Ocuamh6 O I~sahnss Cosn my Al{`nlnhuahd

Tmyj{òcn Suoheoyes, Cnhuny my Ahunyhouamho` [yaroun Nhuny{yasn ohe Smcao`

Occm~huoiaàu Ahunyhouamho`, 9;;1(

IMW > [yme~cuarau Nwol{`nsO doylnhu ocumy ah N` So`roemy cmhuyocus ?9 i~sns um {ymraen ynn uyohs{myuouamh um aus nl{`mnns( Ugn cml{oh hmune ugouugn {ymdyol gos {ymraene c`noy inhnus my imug tmyjnys ohe ugn

cml{oh( Inhnus my tmlnh tmyjnys ahc`~en lmyn ynàoi`n, sonyuyohs{myuouamh ohe lmyn hnu ahcmln um {ymraen my ugnay olaàns(Inhnus my ugn cml{oh ahc`~en `nss lmhn s{nhu mh uowns oheinhnusoss~lahd ugou o uyohs{myuouamh sua{nhe tm~è mugnytasnin {oae um tmyjnysohe lmyn ynàoi`n {yme~cuamh scgne~`ns os oyns~ù m {~hcu~o` sgau cgohdns(

Do{ Ahc(s [(O(C(N( {ymdyol {ymraens {ymnssamho` enrn`m{lnhu,àunyoc ohe gnoùg ne~couamh {ymdyols, ohe dnhnyo` ànsja``s uyoah

ahd um nlo`n tmyjnys ah utm doylnhu ocumyans ah Aheao( O {ymdyol

ossnsslnhu i ugn Ahunyhouamho` Cnhuny my Ynsnoycg mh Tmlnh m~heugou {oyuaca{ouahd tmlnh yn{myune gadgny ncanhc ou tmyj, ohe dynou

ny oiaàu um uojn mh hnt ohe ahcynosne yns{mhsaiaàuans(?

Oh ohnlao ohe ahunsuaho` tmyl uynoulnhu {ymdyol ohe YMA

su~eq cmhe~cune ah snrnh ocumyans ah Iohdo`myn, Aheao, {ymraene ey~duynoulnhu, eanuoy s~{{`nlnhus, ohe otoynhnss yoasahd my tmlnhtmyjnys mrny o hahnlmhug {nyame( Ugn {ymdyol sot o yne~cuamh

ah tmyjnys tgm tnyn ohnlac yml 91(2 um ?2(? {nycnhu( [yme~cuarau youns my ugn ohnlac tmyjny cmhuym` dym~{ tnyn ahcynosne i 27

{nycnhu mh ornyodntaug oh ornyodn m 3; {nycnhu m ocumy tmyjnys

unsuahd ohnlac ah ugn su~e, uynoulnhu {ymdyols cm~è in nw{ncune umyoasn mrnyo`` ocumy {yme~cuarau i 93 {nycnhu(9

? Al{ocu O`àohcn-^HE[, AheaoDo{ Ahc( [(O(C(N( [ymdyol my Tmlnh Doy

lnhu Tmyjnys, Cosn Sumy 4;, guu{6--ttt(al{ocuo`àohcn(myd-nr]nh({g{=AE;; ocumy yn{ynsnhuouarns ou o cmsu m o{{ymwaloun` ^S%5>; my nocg {oyuaca{ohu( Al{ymrne cmll~hacouamhohe lohodnlnhu {yocuacns ynòune um dyanrohcn goheàhd coh {ymraeni~sahnss inhnus ahc`~eahd yasj lohodnlnhu, al{ymrne tmyjny souasocuamh ohe moù, ohe ahcynosne {yme~cuarau(
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ugym~dg ahcynosne ohe al{ymrne mylo` nl{`mlnhu m{{myu~hauans, gadgny ahcmln nrn`s, ohe ncmhmlac ahen{nhenhcncoh cmhuyai~un um houamho`ncmhmlac enrn`m{lnhu ohe {mrnyu yne~cuamh iahcynosahd ugn h~liny m gm~sngmè ahcmln noyh

nys( Nhgohcahd ugn ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu mtmlnh coh o`sm cmhuyai~un um dnheny nq~au ohenhgohcne gm~sngmè encasamhlojahd {mtny my

tmlnh, tgacg lo ahcynosn ugn o``mcouamh m ahcmln um ola` gnoùg, h~uyauamh, ohe cgaèynhsne~couamh(3;

Ou ugn vmhn `nrn`, dnhenyahc`~sarn {màcans ohe{ymdyols coh enàrny i~sahnss inhnus i uoydnuahd ugn lmsu sadhacohu enlmdyo{gac m lmsu vmhn

tmyjmycns( S{ncac i~sahnss inhnus lo ahc`~en

nhgohcne ndo` {ymuncuamh ohe ahrnsumy cml{àohcnugym~dg oay ohe nq~o` nl{`mlnhu: ouuyocuamh mahrnsumys i o sja``ne ohe suoi`n nlo`n òimy mycn:ohe nhgohcne yn{~uouamh olmhd ahrnsumys oheugnay ahunyhouamho` cànhus(

Ahearae~o` i~sahnssns m{nyouahd ah ugn vmhn coh o`smnw{nyanhcn ncmhmlac inhnus yml ahrnsuahd ah ugnaynlo`n nl{`mnns ohe cynouahd tmlnhyanhe` tmyjnhraymhlnhus( Inhnus um ahearae~o` nhuny{yasns cohahc`~en yne~cne oisnhunnasl ohe u~yhmrny, ahcynosne

{yme~cuarau, nhgohcne tmyjny `moù, al{ymrne `ndo` cml{àohcn ohe yasj lauadouamh, ohe al{ymrnetmyjnylohodnlnhu cmll~hacouamh(

Un cgo{unys ugou m``mt ahuyme~cn ugn cgo``nhdnsum tmlnhs ncmhmlac nl{mtnylnhu ah vmhns, ohe{ynsnhu nhoiàhd ocumys ohe nwol{`ns m dmme{yocuacn {màcans ohe {ymdyols um mrnycmln ugmsncgo``nhdns(

3; I`~linyd, Ahcmln ~heny Bnlo`n Rnys~s Lo`n Cmhuym`,Fm~yho` m Bola`q Ass~ns, 1'?!, ?177: Ensoa ohe Fmghsmh,Tmlnhs EncasamhLojahd ohe Cgaè Gnoùg6 Bolaào` ohe Smcao` Ganyoycgans, Cmllassamhne i ugn Lnos~yn EGS {ymfncu ah Co`rnyumh, Loyòhe, 9;;>(


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32/240

Ahunyhouamho` Cmhrnhuamhs

Dmrnyhahd ugn Yadgus m TmyjahdTmlnh

Ahunyhouamho` oimy suoheoyes oyn ndo` ahsuy~lnhuseyoth ~{ i ugn A@Ms cmhsuau~nhus, snuuahd m~u iosac {yahca{`ns ohe yadgus ou tmyj( Unsn suoheoyesoyn {yaloya` umm`s my dmrnyhlnhus um eyou oheal{`nlnhu òimy òts ohe smcao` {màcans ah cmhmylau taug ahunyhouamho`` occn{une suoheoyes,

tgacg snyrn os uoydnus my goylmhavahd houamho`òt ohe {yocuacn ah o {oyuac~òy nè(

Ahunyhouamho` òimy suoheoyes oyn naugny cmhrnhuamhs`ndo`` iaheahd ahunyhouamho` uynouans ugoulo in youane i lnliny suounsmy yncmllnheouamhs, tgacg snyrn os hmhiaheahd d~aenàhns(Youane ahunyhouamho` uynouans o{{` o~umlouaco`` ou ugn houamho` `nrn` ohe youaahd cm~huyanscmllau ugnlsn`rns um o{{àhd ugn cmhrnhuamhah houamho` òt ohe yn{myuahd mh aus o{{àcouamhou ynd~òy ahunyro`s( Unay cm~yus oyn ug~s oi`n um~sn ahunyhouamho` òimy suoheoyes um encaen cosnsmh tgacg houamho` ot as ahoenq~oun my sa`nhu, my umeyot mh enhauamhs snu m~u ah ugn suoheoyes(

Ahunyhouamho` òimy suoheoyes oyn o`sm ahcynosahdìnahd ~sne inmhe dmrnyhlnhus( Cmhs~lny ahunynsu ah ugn nugaco` ealnhsamhs m {yme~cus gos `nel~ùahouamho` cml{ohans um enrn`m{ cmens m cmhe~cu um dmrnyh oimy cmheauamhs ah ugnay {yme~cuamh

sauns ohe s~{{` cgoahs( Un lofmyau m ugn um{

>;; cml{ohans ah ugn ^haune Suouns ohe ugn ^haune Jahdeml gorn oem{une smln smyu m cmen mcmhe~cu, loh m ugnl ynnyyahd um A@M suoheoyes(

Tga`n ugnsn cmens oyn hm s~isuau~un my iaheahdahunyhouamho` ahsuy~lnhus, ugn {ò oh al{myuohuym`n ah s{ynoeahd ugn {yahca{`ns cmhuoahne ah ahunyhouamho` òimy suoheoyes( Salaòy`, ahunyhouamho`òimy suoheoyes gorn innh ~sne ah royam~s ahunyhouamho` cm``ncuarn odynnlnhus, {oyuac~òy` ah ugndoylnhu ohe unwua`n ahe~suyans(

Uas sncuamh s~lloyavns ugn jn ahunyhouamho` òimy ohe g~loh yadgus cmhrnhuamhs ugou oyn lmsuyn`nrohu um tmlnhs ncmhmlac {oyuaca{ouamh ohenwolahns ugn cmllaulnhus loen i nocg cm~huym su~e( Uoi`n 9 in`mts~lloyavns ugn youacouamhsuou~s m ugnsn cmhrnhuamhs(

Taug ugn hmuoi`n nwcn{uamh m Cgaho, ugn cm~h

uyans ah ugas su~e gorn youane lmsu m ugn cmynA@M cmhrnhuamhs( Al{myuohu nwcn{uamhs ahc`~enugn lounyhau {ymuncuamh cmhrnhuamh, tgacg gos

hmu innh youane i oh cm~huy s~ifncu um ugassu~e, ohe ugn ynneml m ossmcaouamh cmhrnhuamh,

tgacg as hmu youane ah Cgaho, Fmyeoh my Jnho(Ah oeeauamh, au as tmyug hmuahd ugou tga`n Iohdòensg, N` So`roemy, ohe Cmsuo Yaco gorn youane ugas cmhrnhuamh, ah SNVs ~hamhs oyn naugnyeaso``mtne i òt 'Iohdòensg! my s~ifncu um sadhacohu ohua~hamh {ynss~yn, ahc`~eahd ugn iòcj

Sncuamh ?6@ndo` Yadgus ohe ugnay Nhmycnlnhu


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àsuahd m tmyjnys ossmcaoune taug ~hamhs 'CmsuoYaco, N` So`roemy!(3?

O`` m ugn cm~huyans gorn youane ugn ^H Cmhrnhuamh mh ugn Nàlahouamh m O`` Bmyls m Eascyalahouamh Odoahsu Tmlnh 'CNEOT!, ugm~dgIohdòensg, Cgaho, Nd{u, N` So`roemy, ohe Fmyeoh gorn emhn sm taug ynsnyrouamhs( Baho``, o`` m

ugn cm~huyans gorn sadhne jn ahunyhouamho` cmrnhohus mh cara`, {màuaco`, ncmhmlac, smcao`, ohe c~`

u~yo` yadgus( Gmtnrny, ens{aun ugnsn youacouamhs,dnheny eascyalahouamh ynloahs {ynro`nhu ohe nhmycnlnhu m òts as munh tnoj(

3? Ahunyrants, Cmsuo Yaco ohe N` So`roemy, F~hn 9;?;(

UOI@N 9 Youabcouamh m Ahunyhouamho` Cmhrnhuamhs ohe Uynouans i Cm~huyAhunyhouamhoÒdynnlnhu Iohdòensg Cgaho

CmsuoYaco Nd{u

N`So`roemy Fmyeoh Jnho [gaà{{ahns

A@M Cmhrnhuamhs

91 Bmycne @oimy Youane Hmu Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane

74 Bynneml mOssmcaouamh ohe[ymuncuamh m ugn

Yadgu um Mydohavn

Youane Hmu

Youane

Youane Youane Youane Hmu

Youane

Hmu

Youane

Youane

17 Yadgu um Mydohavnohe Cm``ncuarnIoydoahahd

Youane Hmu

Youane

Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane

?;; Nq~o`Ynl~hnyouamh

Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane

?;> Oimàuamh m Bmycne@oimy

Youane HmuYouane

Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane

??? Eascyalahouamh'Nl{`mlnhu oheMcc~{ouamh!


?37 Lahal~l OdnCmhrnhuamh

HmuYouane

Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane Youane

?79 Nàlahouamh m ugnTmysu Bmyls mCgaè @oimy


?73 Lounyhau[ymuncuamh

Hmu

Youane

Hmu

Youane

Hmu

Youane

Hmu

Youane

Hmu

Youane

Hmu

Youane

Hmu

Youane

Hmu

Youane

^H Cmhrnhuamh mh

ugn Nàlahouamhmb O`` Bmyls mbEascyalahouamh OdoahsuTmlnh 'CNEOT!

Taug

Ynsnyrouamhs

Taug

Ynsnyrouamhs

Youane Taug

Ynsnyrouamhs

Taug

Ynsnyrouamhs

Taug

Ynsnyrouamhs

Youane Youane

Ahunyhouamho`Cmrnhohu mh Caraòhe [màuaco` Yadgus


Ahunyhouamho`Cmrnhohu mhNcmhmlac, Smcao`,ohe C~ù~yo` Yadgus



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@ndo` Yadgus ohe ugnay Nhmycnlnhu ?1

Houamho` Nl{`mlnhu @otsDmrnyhahd ugn Yadgus m TmyjahdTmlnh

@oimy ynòuamhs ah lmsu vmhns oyn dmrnyhne iugn houamho` òimy òt m ugn cm~huy, os tn`` osoh oeeauamho` my sn{oyoun ynd~òuamhs cynoune myugn vmhns ugnlsn`rns( Ah smln cosns, vmhns gornsn{oyoun òimyòt yndalns( @oimy òts nsuoiàsgugn lahal~l todn, tmyjahd gm~ys, ynneml mossmcaouamh my ugn yadgu um mydohavn, mrnyualn ynq~aynlnhus, gnoùg ohe sonu suoheoyes, snw~o`goyosslnhu loheouns, ohe mugny {ymrasamhs, s~cgos lounyhau `norn, cgaè coyn, ohe h~ysahd iynojs(

Uoi`n 3 in`mt {ymraens my o cml{oyasmh m jnhouamho` òts ohe ynd~òuamhs oncuahd tmlnh ahugn mc~s cm~huyans(

Un lmsu cmllmh {ymuncuamh {ymraene i òtas lounyhau `norn, i~u ugn q~oàu m ugou inhnu

royans yml cm~huy um cm~huy( Un sncmhe lmsucmllmh {ymrasamh tos hmheascyalahouamh iosnemh {yndhohc my loyauo` suou~s( Un cm~huyans taugugn iymoensu ynd~òumy sond~oyes ocymss o`` oynosoyn Cmsuo Yaco ohe ugn [gaà{{ahns(

[ynram~s su~eans39 gorn hmune ugou imug lnh ohetmlnh tmyjahd ah vmhns lo ocn cgo``nhdns s~cgos `mt todns, nwcnssarn mrnyualn, ahcmyyncu {olnhu m todns, ohe ynsuyacune ynneml m ossmcao

UOI@N 3 Jn Houamho` @ndo` [ymrasamhs ohe Ynd~òuamhs Oncuahd Tmlnh&@ndo` [ymrasamh Iohdòensg Cgaho

CmsuoYaco Nd{u

N`So`roemy Fmyeoh Jnho [gaà{{ahns

Lounyhau @norn Qns Qns Qns Qns Qns Qns Qns Qns

Tmyj{òcn Cgaè Coyn Qns Hm òt Hm òt Qns Hm òt 'ahòimy cmen!

Qns Hm òt Qns

H~ysahd-Iynosunneahd @norn Hm ot Lmeanetmyj, hm

`norn

Qns Qns Qns Qns Hm òt Hm òt

@ots [ymgaiauahd [yndhohcUnsuahd

Hm òt Hm òt Qns Hm òt Qns Hm òt Hm òt Hm òt

Hmheascyalahouamh 'Iosne mh[yndhohc my Loyauo` Suou~s!

Hm òt Qns Qns Qns Qns Qns Qns Qns

@ot [ymgaiaus Snw~o` Goyosslnhuah ugn Tmyj{òcn - Dnhnyo``

Hm - Qns Hm - Qns Qns - Hm Hm - Qns Qns - Qns Hm - Qns Hm - Qns Qns - Qns

Sn{oyoun Tosgymmls Ynq~ayne myLo`n ohe Bnlo`n Tmyjnys

Qns Hm òt Qns Hm òt Hm òt Hm òt Qns Qns

Ynsuyacuamhs my Bnlo`n Tmyjnys'n(d(, Tmlnh Cohhmu Tmyj HadguSgau, Ynsuyacuamhs my [yndhohuTmyjnys!

Hm òt Hm òt Qns Hm òt Qns Qns Hm òt Qns'Hadgu tmyj{ymgaiaune!

Hmun6~h`nss mugnytasn aheacoune , ugn nwasunhcn my hmhnwasunhcn m òts o{{àns houamho`` ohe taugah vmhns( Lmyn ahmylouamh oim~u s{ncac òts coh in m~he ah ugn

cm~huy cosn su~eans(

& Nwunheahd Snyracn Enàrny [ymfncu '^SOAE!, Houamho` @ots Yndoyeahd Dnheny, Yn{yme~cuarn Gnoùg ohe Bola` [òhhahd, Eyou, 9;?;(

39 Soyog [nyloh nu o`, ACB^, Ingahe ugn Iyohe Holns6Tmyjahd Cmheauamhs ohe @oimy Yadgus ah Nw{myu [ymcnssahd Vmhns '9;;5!: Yolmhe Yminyusmh nu o`, D`mioàvouamh, Todns, ohe ugn _~oàu m Fmis6 Barn Cm~huySu~eans '9;;1!: Dm{oòjyashoh, Bynneml m ossmcaouamhohe cm``ncuarn ioydoahahd ah nw{myu {ymcnssahd vmhns6 Ym`nm ugn A@M s~{nyrasmy lncgohasls, Tmyjahd [o{ny, Ahunyhouamho` @oimy Mbcn, A@M '9;;4!: Oheynt @ohd,yoen Odynnlnhus, I~sahnss ohe G~loh Yadgus6 Uncosn m nw{myu {ymcnssahd vmhns, Tmyjahd [o{ny m ugnCmy{myoun Smcao` Yns{mhsaiaàu Ahauaouarn '9;?;!(


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Bmsunyahd Tmlnhs Ncmhmlac Nl{mtnylnhu ugym~dg S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhns9;

uamh( Banè ynsnoycg aheacoune ugou ugnsn {yocuacnsnwasu ah smln vmhns ah smln cm~huyans, i~u oyn hmu~harnyso`( Bmy nwol{`n, ah Iohdòensg, todns oyngadgny taugah vmhns ugoh m~usaen, ohe uynoulnhu m

tmyjnys as dnhnyo`` ugm~dgu um in inuuny ah vmhns(

Mh ugn mugny gohe, ~hamhs oyn {ymgaiaune ah vmhnsah Iohdòensg, ohe ah Fmyeoh ladyohu oimynys, o{{ymwaloun` 4> {nycnhu m ugn tmyjmycn ah vmhns,oyn {ymgaiaune yml fmahahd ~hamhs( Ah Cmsuo Yacoohe N` So`roemy, ~hamhs oyn suymhd` eascm~yodneah {yocuacn ohe ahunyrantnns yn{myune ocuamhs s~cgos iòcjàsuahd um {ynrnhu tmyjnys yml fmahahd~hamhs(33

@ndo` ynsuyacuamhs mh tmyjahd gm~ys ohe ahe~suyans,{oynhuo` inhnus 'imug lounyhau ohe {ounyhau!,

ohe ynuaynlnhu odns easoerohuodn tmlnh ah miuoahahd o fmi ah o`` i~u mhn cm~huy ah S~iSogoyohOyaco, o`` cm~huyans ah ugn Laee`n Nosu ohe HmyugOyaco, ohe o lofmyau m cm~huyans ah Sm~ug Osao,@ouah Olnyaco ohe ugn Coyaiinoh, ohe Nosu Osaoohe ugn [ocac(35 Insaens `ndo` ynsuyacuamhs, tmlnho`sm ocn ~haq~n cgo``nhdns tgnh ugn {oyuaca{ounah ugn tmyjmycn, s~cg os eas{ym{myuamhoun s~nyahd yml snc~yau cmhcnyhs, àlaune occnss um ahocumy cgaè coyn, àlaune yn{ynsnhuouamh ah ~hamhsohe-my tmyjny cmllauunns, ohe aho{{ym{yaoun lounyhau `norn ohe inhnus( Eascyalahouamh odoahsu{yndhohu3> ohe snw~o` goyosslnhu32 oyn o`sm gadg`{ynro`nhu(

Todn eascyalahouamh tos o`sm m~he um in cmllmh( Ah Iohdòensg o 9;;4 su~e m~he ugoutmlnh noyhne ?>(1 {nycnhu `nss ugoh lnh mh

ornyodn ohe, ah oeeauamh, unhe um in ynsuyacune um`mtny{oahd ahe~suyans ohe ocj occnss um gadgny{oahd fmis( oydnune ne~couamh {ymdyols cm~èyne~cn mcc~{ouamho` sndyndouamh ohe al{ymrntmlnhs ncmhmlac suou~s(34

Mcc~{ouamho` sndyndouamh, tgacg cmhuyai~uns umtodn eascyalahouamh, tos m~he um in cmllmh aho`` ugn cm~huyans rasaune( Tmlnh oyn munh cmhcnhuyoune ah `mtny ohe ~hsja``ne {msauamhs oheahe~suyans, my ahsuohcn, tmyjahd os gn`{nys ohesntnys ah doylnhu ocumyans( Salaòy`, smlnualnssncumys oyn dnhenysndyndoune: my nwol{`n, unwua`ns

loh~ocu~yahd as mrnytgn`lahd` suone i lnhah Iohdòensg, tga`n ~henydoylnhu ocumyans gornlofmyau nlo`n nl{`mnns(

Misuoc`ns ohe Nhoi`nys um @ndo`Byolntmyj ohe Nhmycnlnhu

tm loah misuoc`ns ugou gaheny tmlnhs `ndo`yadgus ah ugn tmyj{òcn ahc`~en ugn oisnhcn m otsohe ugn ~hahunhene hndouarn cmhsnq~nhcns m nwasuahd òts mh tmlnh, my ahnncuarn nhmycnlnhum ugnsn òts(

Un miram~s sm`~uamh my ugn ysu misuoc`n as um cynoun òts um {ymuncu tmlnh ohe {ymlmun ugnay ncm

hmlac nl{mtnylnhu tgnyn ugnsn òts em hmu nunwasu( Nhoi`nys um oeeynss ugn sncmhe aenhuane misuoc`n oyn {ymraene ah lmyn enuoa` in`mt( Mhn jnnhoi`ny aenhuane as al{ymrahd lmhaumyahd lncgohasls, my ahsuohcn ugym~dg o cnyuacouamh ssunl,dyanrohcn gmuàhn, my `ndo` cm~hsnàhd snyracns( Osncmhe nhoi`ny as um ahcynosn tmlnh tmyjnys rmacns, my ahsuohcn ugym~dg tmyjny cmllauunns ugouoyn tmlnhs{ncac my nhcm~yodn tmlnhs {oyuaca{ouamh( Unsn misuoc`ns ohe nhoi`nys oyn nw{`myneah lmyn enuoa` in`mt(

33 Ahunyrants, Cmsuo Yaco ohe N` So`roemy, F~hn 9;?;(35 Tmyè Iohj ohe ugn Ahunyhouamho` Iohj my Yncmh

suy~cuamh ohe Enrn`m{lnhu, Tmlnh, I~sahnss ohe ugn@ot, 9;?;(

3> Soyog [nyloh nu o`, ACB^, Ingahe ugn Iyohe Holns6Tmyjahd Cmheauamhs ohe @oimy Yadgus ah Nw{myu [ymcnssahd Vmhns '9;;5!(

32 Ahunyrants ah Iohdòensg, Cmsuo Yaco, N` So`roemy, oheFmyeoh: BAEG, Iohdòensg6 @oimy Yadgus ah ugn S~{

{` Cgoah ohe Cmy{myoun Yns{mhsaiaàu, F~hn 9;;7:Cgnh, Loyugo, Fmohh Rohnj, Byohcan @~he, ohe FolnsGnahuv taug Ynhoho Fgoiroò ohe Cgyasuahn Imhhny'9;;>! {( 2427 Bocumy Tmyjnys ah Iohdòensg,[ymdynss m ugn Tmyès Tmlnh, ^HACNB, Hnt Qmyj:[nyloh, Soyog nu o`, Ingahe ugn Iyohe Holns6 Tmyjahd cmheauamhs ohe òim~y yadgus ah nw{myu {ymcnssahdvmhns, Ahunyhouamho` Cmhnenyouamh m Bynn yoen^hamhs, Encnliny 9;;5(

34 Jo{sms, Sunrnh, Un dnheny todn do{ ah Iohdòensg,A@M Osao[ocac Tmyjahd [o{ny Snyans, Lo 9;;7(


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@ndo` Yadgus ohe ugnay Nhmycnlnhu 9?

Misuoc`n ?( Hm @ot NwasusTga`n nwasunhcn m o ot emns hmu hncnssoya` d~oyohunn aus oenq~oun nhmycnlnhu, ugn umuo` oisnhcnm o òt um {ymuncu iosac yadgus lnohs ugn oisnhcnm ugn lahal~l `ndo` d~oyohunns( Un su~e m~heugou mh` o nt cm~huyans gorn ymi~su òts {ymgaiauahd snw~o` goyosslnhu ah ugn tmyj{òcn, ohe ugasyn{ynsnhus oh oyno my al{ymrnlnhu darnh ugn ynòuarn` `mt cmsu m nhmycnlnhu ohe ugn sadhacohu{munhuao` inhnus my tmyjnys gnoùg, sonu, lmyo`n, ohe {yme~cuarau(

Bmy nwol{`n, ah Jnho, ahunyrants ynrno`ne ugousnw~o` goyosslnhu as rny cmllmh ah nhuny{yasns`mcoune ah vmhns( Tgous lmyn, ahunyrantnns soaeugou tmyj{òcn snw~o` goyosslnhu nrnh mcc~ys e~yahd tmyjahd gm~ys: mhn ahunyrantnn co``ne au oh ahcynosahd` {ymi`nlouac easuyocuamh um s~{nyrasmys(

Un goyosslnhu o`sm cmhuyai~uns um ugn s{ynoe mGAR-OAES olmhd nl{`mnns ohe um ugn mcc~yynhcn m ~htohune {yndhohc(37

Nhoi`ny ?6 Cynoun @ots um [ymlmunDnheny Nq~au

L Sgnhvgnh `ndasòuamh mh dnheny nq~oàu,Cgaho

Sgnhvgnh S{ncao` Ncmhmlac Vmhn ah D~ohdemhd[ymrahcn gos {~u ugn Dnheny Nq~oàu [ymlmuamhYnd~òuamh ahum ugn `ndasòuarn uyocj, tgacg ta```` o do{ ah `mco` ynd~òuamhs mh dnheny nq~oàuah Cgaho( Ah ?113, Sgnhvgnh S{ncao` NcmhmlacVmhn tos ugn ysu ah Cgaho um ass~n al{`nlnhuouamh d~aenàhns my ugn @ot m ugn [nm{`ns Yn{~iàc m Cgaho mh ugn [ymuncuamh m Yadgus oheAhunynsus m Tmlnh( Ouny mrny unh noys m {yocuacn ohe al{`nlnhuouamh, au as c`noy ugou oh olnhelnhu m c~yynhu d~aenàhns ta`` hmu in s~bcanhu,ohe ugnyn as o hnne my hnt ynd~òuamh um {ymlmundnheny nq~oàu ah ugn c~yynhu smcao` ohe ncmhmlacsau~ouamh ah Cgaho(

Un Tmlnhs Bnenyouamh ah Sgnhvgnh S{ncao`Ncmhmlac Vmhn as s{noygnoeahd ugn `ndasòuamhtaug s~{{myu yml ugn @ndo` Ooays Cmllauunnohe ugn Ahunyho` ohe F~eacao` Ooays Cmllauunn mSgnhvgnh [nm{`ns Cmhdynss( Au ta`` in ugn ysu `m

co` ynd~òuamh um oeeynss ugn s~yraro` ohe enrn`m{lnhu cgo``nhdns m tmlnh ah ugn hnt sau~ouamh(31

Misuoc`n 9( ^hahunhene

Cmhsnq~nhcns m @ots ohe-myAhnncuarn Nhmycnlnhu m @otsAh loh cosns, òts ensadhne um {ymuncu tmlnh gorn ~hahunhene cmhsnq~nhcns( Bmy nwol{`n,suymhd lounyhau ots ah Jnho {~sgne ugym~dg iugn cm~huys Lahasuy m Dnheny gorn ah smln cosns yns~ùne ah nl{`mnys yn~sahd um dyohu tmlnh{nylohnhu cmhuyocus, um ormae {oahd ugas inhnu(5;Salaòy`, ah Iohdòensg ohe Nd{u, tgnyn ugn otynq~ayns nl{`mnys um {ymraen cgaè coyn my nlo`n

tmyjnys taugah cnyuoah {ymrasamhs, loh nl{`m

nys ormae ugn ynq~aynlnhu i gayahd ntny tmlnh,my i loahuoahahd o s~isuoheoye cgaècoyn ocaàu ugou tmlnh emhu tohu um ~sn(5? Salaòy`, ynsuyacuamhs mh tmlnhs tmyjahd gm~ys ahuyme~cneum {ymuncu tmlnh ocu~o`` gaheny ugnay oiaàu um{oyuaca{oun ah ugn tmyjmycn( Ahenne, dnhenynq~o`y~`ns mh tmyjahd gm~ys ohe ahe~suyans oyn ossmcaoune taug lmyn tmlnh ah ugn tmyjmycn(59

Sncmhe, {mmy nhmycnlnhu m òts as o sgoynecgo``nhdn ocymss o`` m ugn cm~huyans( Bmy nwol{`n,ugm~dg òts {ymgaiau eascyalahouamh iosne mh{yndhohc suou~s, ahunyrantnns ah N` So`roemy oheCmsuo Yaco soae ugou tmlnh o{{àhd my fmis oynmunh ynq~ayne um uojn o {yndhohc unsu(53

m s~{{myu ugn nncuarnhnss m oh òt {ymuncuahd tmlnhs nq~oàu ohe nl{mtnylnhu, nwunhsarnotoynhnssyoasahd ah cmll~hauans as o`sm ynq~ayneum cgo``nhdn smcanuo` {yocuacns ugou lo y~h cm~huny

37 Ahunyrants, Jnho, royam~s, Lo ?;?1, 9;?;(31 guu{6--hohcn(qq(cml-o-9;?;;7?9-;;?922(gul5; Ahunyrant, Fmhougoh Cgao``~ ohe Loyao M~o, Jnho

Nw{myu [ymcnssahd Vmhn O~ugmyau, Lo ?9, 9;?;(5? Ahunyrant6 Osgyo Emtaeoy, Ahunyho` yoen Enrn`m{

lnhu O~ugmyau, Lo 5, 9;?;: Ahunyrants IN[VOCm~hsn`mys, Iohdòensg, Bniy~oyLo 9;?;(

59 Tmyè Iohj, Tmlnh I~sahnss ohe ugn @ot, {odn 99d~yn 5(?(

53 Ahunyrants, Cmsuo Yaco ohe N` So`roemy, F~hn 9;?;(
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um ugn òt( Taugm~u otoynhnssyoasahd, `ndo` {ymuncuamhs oyn hmu àjn` um in uyohsòune ahum dynounys~{{myu m tmlnh ou o smcanuo` `nrn`, ug~s àlauahdugn al{ocus m o dmme òt mh tmlnhs ncmhmlacnl{mtnylnhu(

Nhoi`ny 9(?( Al{ymrn LmhaumyahdLncgohaslsO to um al{ymrn cml{àohcn taug ugn òt, {ynrnhu ~hahunhene cmhsnq~nhcns, ohe nhs~yn {ym{ny

nhmycnlnhu as um al{ymrn lmhaumyahd lncgohasls( Tga`n ugn nhoi`nys àsune in`mt oyn hmuuoydnune umtoye vmhns s{ncaco``, ugn vmhn o~ugmyau coh {ò o ym`n ah àhjahd ohe ocaàuouahdcm~huytaen ahauaouarns taug ahrnsumys ohe ah

enrn`m{ahd vmhn`nrn` lmhaumyahd tgnyn houamho`co{ocau as `mt(

L Dnheny nq~au òimy cnyuacouamh um ocaàuouncml{àohcn ohe nhmycnlnhu, Cmsuo Yaco

Cmsuo Yacos Ahsuau~um Hocamho` en ò L~fnyns, myHouamho` Ahsuau~un my Tmlnh 'AHOL^!, gos oSsunl my @oimy Cnyuacouamh mh Dnheny Nq~au ohe Nq~oàu ah Cmsuo Yaco( Uas lncgohasl,iosne mh ahunyhouamho` hmyls, cnyuans cml{ohansmy ugnay {nymylohcn rasras dnheny, taug ohoal um dyoe~o`` nàlahoun ugn dnheny nq~au do{ou tmyj( Ahauaoune ah 9;;9, ugn ssunl as c~yynhuìnahd al{`nlnhune i > cml{ohans ohe ?; lmynoyn ahunynsune ah suoyuahd ah 9;?9( Un {gosns mal{`nlnhuouamh ahc`~en uyoahahd, ass~n eaodhmsas,nsuoiàsglnhu m o dnheny {màc, ohe enrn`m{lnhum o {òh m ocuamh( [oyuaca{ouahd cml{ohans l~suahrnsu ah ugnsn {gosns, ohe AHOL^ snyrns os ugncnyuaahd ime(

Mhn cgo``nhdn ugou ugn {ymdyol ocns as incmlahdhohcao`` sn`s~suoahahd( m ocganrn ugas, {oyuaca{ouahd cml{ohans l~su ~he ugn nhuayn cnyuacouamh{ymcnss( Ou {ynsnhu, cml{ohans {o o {myuamh oheAHOL^ {os ugn ynsu( G~loh ynsm~ycn co{ocauas o`sm hnnene um cmhuah~n um enrn`m{ ugn lmen`,os AHOL^s suo as mh` oi`n um tmyj {oyuualnmh ugn {ymdyol( Uas as o yns~ù m s{nheahd c~usi ugn Cmsuo Yacoh dmrnyhlnhu ugou oyn oncuahdsuobhd mh ugas ohe mugny dmrnyhlnhuo` {ymdyols(

L Dyanrohcn lncgohasls uoydnuahd tmlnh,Fmyeoh ohe Cgaho

Un Houamho` Cnhuny my G~loh Yadgus 'HCGY!as oh ahen{nhenhu houamho` ahsuau~uamh ah Fmyeohugou lmhaumys g~loh yadgus ramòuamhs ohe {ym

raens `ndo` oeracn ohe ossasuohcn( Un Cnhuny cohyncnarn cml{òahus yml nlo`n tmyjnys, my nwol{`n, ohe coh {ymraen oeracn ohe ossasuohcn taug`ndo` yneynss a hncnssoy(55 HCGY o`sm rasaus nhuny{yasns ah vmhns ohe s~{{myus Lahasuy m @oimyahs{ncuamhs( Baho``, ugn Fmyeohaoh Houamho` Cmllassamh my Tmlnh 'FHCT! o`sm gos o tmlnhscml{òahu mbcn, tgacg yncnarns cml{òahus oim~u

ram`nhcn odoahsu tmlnh ohe tmyj{òcn eascyalahouamh ohe goyosslnhu(

Un Lo{`n Tmlnhs [scgm`mdaco` Cm~hsnàhdCnhuny ah Cgaho y~hs snrnyo` gmuàhns ohe lohodns g~heynes m rm`~hunny cm~hsn`mys( Un cnhuny àsunhs um tmlnhs dyanrohcns ohe uyans um gn`{ugnl sm`rn {ymi`nls s~cg os emlnsuac ram`nhcn( Ah?119, ugn Cnhuny suoyune ugn ysu Tmlnhs Gmuàhnah Cgaho um {ymraen ynn snyracns um tmlnh( Un{ymdyol gos s~ccnss~`` nsuoiàsgne o {ymcnss myscynnhahd, ahunyrantahd, ohe ossnssahd rm`~hunnys umy~h ugn gmuàhn snyracn( Ah ugas to, ugn q~oàu mugn rm`~hunnys snyracn as i~aù ohe loahuoahne, cynouahd o ro`~oi`n ynsm~ycn my ugn `mco` cmll~hau(Un rm`~hunny suy~cu~yn m ugn {ymdyol o`sm cynounssmln cgo``nhdns, ahc`~eahd ugn eabc~ù m {yneacuahd rm`~hunny oroaòiaàu my suobhd ugn gmuàhn(Unyn as o`sm ugn cgo``nhdn m rm`~hunny u~yhmrny(Un Cnhuny oeeynssns ugnsn cgo``nhdns i {ymraeahdcmhuah~m~s uyoahahd m{{myu~hauans my rm`~hunnysum nw{ohe ugnay co{ocau ah cm~hsnàhd, tgacg o`smgn`{s loahuoah ugnay ahunynsu ah {ymraeahd snyracn(

Mugny HDMs o`sm {ymraen salaòy snyracns um easoerohuodne tmlnh ah Cgaho( Bmy nwol{`n, ugnSgoohwa Ossmcaouamh m Tmlnh @otnys {ymraens

tmlnh taug `ndo` snyracns, s~cg os snc~yahd ahf~y

55 Houamho` Cnhuny my G~loh Yadgus tni{odn6ttt(hcgy(myd(fm-{odns({g{=lnh~]ae


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@ndo` Yadgus ohe ugnay Nhmycnlnhu 93

cml{nhsouamh ohe iyahdahd snw~o` goyosslnhuòts~aus(

Nhoi`ny 9(9( Ahcynosn Tmlnh Tmyjnys

RmacnsOhmugny lnohs m al{ymrahd nhmycnlnhu as umnhdodn tmlnh lmyn nncuarn` mh yadgus otoynhnss ohe ugnay oiaàu um cmll~hacoun oim~u yadgus

ramòuamhs( Tmlnhs {oyuaca{ouamh ah mydohavne òimy as munh `mt, ohe ugnay {oyuaca{ouamh ah `noenysga{ {msauamhs unhes um in nrnh `mtny6 Ynsnoycgah Iohdòensga vmhns m~he tmlnhs {oyuaca{ouamhah tmyjnys ossmcaouamh nwnc~uarn cmllauunns tos`nss ugoh ? {nycnhu(5> Ah dnhnyo`, tmlnh unhe umin ~henyyn{ynsnhune ah tmyjny mydohavouamhs ohe

cmllauunns ensadhne um {ymlmun tmyjnys ahunynsustaug ahearae~o` cml{ohans my ahe~suyans( Oeeahdtmlnhs tnòyn cmllauunns um ugnsn mydohavouamhs lo gn`{ tmlnh doah o suymhdny rmacn, {oyuac~òy` ah cm~huyans tgnyn tmlnh oyn uyoeauamho`` `nss àjn` um mcc~{ `noenysga{ {msauamhs my ums{noj ~{ ah òydn dym~{s(

L Tmlnhs yn{ynsnhuouamh ah tmyjny mydohavouamhs, Jnho

O s~ccnss~` nwol{`n tos misnyrne ah Jnho, mh oc~umtny oyl ah ugn Hoarosgo yndamh( Un oylgos nsuoiàsgne oh ahhmrouarn ssunl m dnhenycmllauunns os s~icmllauunns m ugn o`ynoe nsuoiàsgne tmyjnys ossmcaouamh( Un dnheny cmllauunnsnhoi`n ugn oyls g~loh ynsm~ycns en{oyulnhuum lmhaumy ohe oeeynss tmlnhs{ncac ass~nsi tmyjahd eayncu` taug nlo`n tmyjnys mh ugncmllauunns( Un oyl nsuoiàsgne ugn cmllauunnsah yns{mhsn um o dymtahd otoynhnss olmhd lohodnlnhu m ~h{òhhne {yndhohcans, GAR-OAESahncuamh, ohe snw~o` goyosslnhu nw{nyanhcne inlo`n tmyjnys( Unsn cgo``nhdns tnyn yncmdhavnei lohodnlnhu os o snyam~s yasj um suoiaàu, sonu,ohe {yme~cuarau ah ugn tmyj{òcn, nu ugn tmyjnys ossmcaouamh 'emlahoune i lnh ou ugn ualn!snnlne ~hoi`n um aenhua my oeeynss ugn ass~ns(

Tgnh ugn cmllauunns tnyn ysu nsuoiàsgne ah9;;5, ugn cml{oh ocne smln cgo``nhdns taugdnuuahd ugnl snu ~{( Un iaddnsu cgo``nhdn tos o

òcj m ~henysuoheahd olmhd cmllauunn lnlinysm ugnay {ym{ny ym`ns ohe yns{mhsaiaàuans, tgacgyns~ùne ah smln ahauao` cmhacus taug s~{nyrasmys(

m oeeynss ugas, ugn cml{oh ahrnsune ah co{ocaui~aèahd uyoahahd {ymdyols um gn`{ ugn cmllauunn

lnlinys ~henysuohe ugnay ym`ns ohe yns{mhsaiaàuans, ohe um nhs~yn nncuarn lohodnlnhu m nocgym`n( Nwol{`ns m uyoahahd um{acs ahc`~en cmll~hacouamh, y~hhahd nncuarn lnnuahds, `noenysga{,yadgus ohe yns{mhsaiaàuans, GY {màcans ohe {ymcne~yns, cgo``nhdns tmlnh ocn ah lohodnlnhu, ohemugnys(

Ohmugny cgo``nhdn tos o las~henysuoheahd i ugntmyjnys m tgou ugn dnheny cmllauunns sgm~è inyns{mhsai`n myloh aho{{ym{yaoun ass~ns tnyn

iym~dgu ah ymhu m ugn cmllauunns ah ugn indahhahd, sm ugn {ym{ny ym`n m ugn cmllauunns hnneneum in cmll~hacoune um ugn tmyjnys os tn``( O ho`cgo``nhdn tos nhcm~yodahd tmlnh um uojn ~{ {msauamhs os cmllauunn lnlinys, loen eabc~ù i oc~ù~yo` rant m tmlnh os ahnyamy ohe ahco{oi`nm uojahd {msauamhs m o~ugmyau, occmyeahd um ocml{oh GY lohodny(

Oeeynssahd ugnsn cgo``nhdns ohe lojahd ugn cmllauunn s~ccnss~` ynq~ayne {ouanhcn ohe d~aeohcnyml lmyn snhamy GY suo( Ohmugny nssmh noyhne

tos ugou ouny ugas ahauao` gohegmèahd {nyame,tmyjnys incoln gadg` co{oi`n m oeeynssahd ugnass~ns ossadhne um ugnl taug lahalo` s~{nyrasamh(Nhcm~yodahd ugas snhsn m mthnysga{ i tmyjnyscmllauunn lnlinys ta`` gn`{ lojn s~cg cmllauunns s~ccnss~`(

Sahcn nsuoiàsgahd ugn dnheny cmllauunns, ugn oylgos snnh o yne~cuamh ah ~h{òhhne {yndhohcans, ohahcynosn ah GAR-OAES otoynhnss, oh ahcynosn ahcmheml ~sn, ohe o yne~cuamh m tmyj{òcn snw~o`goyosslnhu os tn`` os ocuarn tmyjny {oyuaca{ouamhah enrn`m{ahd o tmyj{òcn snw~o` goyosslnhu {yn

rnhuamh {màc(52

5> IN[VO Cm~hsn`my Ynsnoycg, Iohdòensg, LoycgLo9;?;(

52 Ahunyrant ohe saun rasau, mtny oyl, Jnho, Lo 9;?;(


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L Tmlnh tmyjnys cmllauunns ah oimy ~hamhs,Cgaho

Lmsu òimy ~hamhs ah Cgaho gorn tmlnh tmyjnyscmllauunns ugou oeeynss tmlnhs ass~ns( Un sco`n,~hcuamhs, ohe cmheauamhs m ugnsn cmllauunns roy(

Un {ymdynss my s~ccnss m s~cg cmllauunns en{nhesmh ugn rasamh ohe cm~yodn m ugn tmlnh `noenys(

Un D~ohdemhd [ymrahcao` @oimy ^hamh, my nwol{`n, tos ugn ysu ~hamh um cmhe~cu o s~yrn mh

tmlnh ladyohu tmyjnys hnnes ah 9;;9( 9;;,;;;ladyohu tmlnh tmyjnys ah ?,;;; hmhsuounmthne nhuny{yasns ummj {oyu ah ugn s~yrn( Ah 9;;3,ugn ~hamh o`sm enrn`m{ne o ugynn`nrn`cau, easuyacu, ohe ocumymcc~{ouamho` gnoùg ohe sonus~{nyrasamh ssunl um suynhdugnh {oyuaca{ouamh ohe

{ymuncuamh m tmlnh tmyjnys(

L Nhcm~yodahd tmyjny nneiocj, [gaà{{ahnsCynouahd tos my tmyjnys um sgoyn cmhcnyhs ohe{ymraen aenos my al{ymrnlnhu as oh nncuarn toum imug ahcynosn m{nyouamho` nbcanhcans ohe yne~cnugn yasj ugou {ymi`nls ta`` nscoòun um òimy eas{~uns( S

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