foundations of government
TRANSCRIPT
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Government and Politics
Foundations of Government
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Why study government?
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Aboriginal decision making
• Aboriginal peoples relied on participation by members of the community
• Hereditary leaders handed down positions through a clan or family
• Consensus from open community discussions
• Traditions passed down through oral tradition
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Canada’s method of decision making has
roots in the British parliamentary tradition
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“Rule By The People”
Democracy
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Constitutional Monarchy
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Her Excellency the Right Honourable Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada
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ConstitutionBritish North America (BNA) Act, 1867
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Amended in 1982, the Canadian Constitution has three main parts:
Division of Powers
Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Amending formula
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The Federal System
• At the time of Confederation, the colonies that later became Canada agreed to pool their resources for defence, trade, and other common goals
• However, they were unwilling to give up completely their individual autonomy
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Federalism: an organization of regional governments (provinces) each acting on behalf of its own residents, and a central government, with divided and shared responsibilities between the two
The Federal System
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Residual Powers
All areas of decision making that did not exist or were not listed in 1867 are by default allocated to the federal government.
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Federal Responsibility
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Provincial Responsibility
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Municipal Responsibility