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Deep Vein Thrombosis and
Pulmonary Embolism
Yuling, Dzakiyyah, Yee En, Wanyi, Tricia, Kieren (TL03)
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Normal blood flow in the deep veins of the leg
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But on the plane….
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Man sitting in an
airplane for a long period
of time
What could
happen here?
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What happens to the blood flow when there is no
contraction of calf muscles?
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Let’s zoom in
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Accumulation of red blood cells leads to the formation of a thrombus (blood clot)
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Eventually, a thrombus can completely block the blood flow through a vein
Build-up of pressure
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Prolonged immobilization
Calf muscles do not contract and the blood circulation is decreased
Secondary hypercoagulation will occur. It is an abnormal process of blood clotting due to other risk factors.FYI – Primary hypercoagulation occurs due to genes.
Thrombosis will occur, forming a thrombus
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Thrombus
A solid mass of blood constituents (eg. platelets, red blood cells)
Through the process THROMBOSIS, it is formed within a vessel that obstructs the normal blood flow.
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Venous Thrombi
:
• Eg. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A condition
Lume
n
Consistently blocks the lumen of the vein over a length of time.
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Symptoms of Deep Vein Thrombosis [DVT]
Pain or tenderness in areaWarmth in skinRed or discoloured skinSwelling of lower leg or vein
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Places where the thrombus
can occur
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Femoral vein
Popliteal vein
Iliac vein
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Part of the blood clot (thrombus) can break off to join the bloodstream as an emboli
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Where can the thrombus travel to?
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Pulmonary Embolism
• Blockage of smaller vessels in the lungs• Caused by Deep Vein Thrombosis, where the
blood clot in the veins break off and travel through the bloodstream
• The blood clot will now travel to the heart• From the heart, it will be lodged in the vessel
of the lung• Hence, this is known as pulmonary embolism
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Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Shortness of breathSudden sharp pain in chestDizzinessRapid/Irregular heartbeatCoughing with blood
Referral to Doctor
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Consequences of Pulmonary Embolism
• More than 60% of total pulmonary vasculature may be obstructed
• This can cause sudden death, acute right heart failure (acute cor pulmonale) or
cardiovascular collapse.• Other consequences include pulmonary
infarction and pulmonary haemorrhage.• An uncommon case will be pulmonary
hypertension due to multiple emboli.
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In conclusion….
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Blood clot pulmonary embolism
Damaged lung tissue
Blood clot may travel to the lungs
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Leg swelling & pain
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References:
• http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/biology/veins.html• http://copd.about.com/od/breathingtechniques/tp/10-Tips-For-Better-Bre
athing-With-Copd.htm• http://www.she-health-living.com/chest-pain-in-women.html• http://www.gonopills.com/• http://www.patient.co.uk/health/pulmonary-embolism• http://www.naturalhouseremedy.info/2012/07/skin-discoloration-home-r
emedy.html• http://www.thrombosisadviser.com/en/image/?category=vte&image=ven
ous-thrombus-formation• http://www.circulationfoundation.org.uk/help-advice/veins/venous-thro
mbosis-dvt-air-travel/
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References:
http://www.patient.co.uk/health/pulmonary-embolismhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eK5MeJuUQbs
Pictures –
http://www.abcteach.com/free/a/airplane1rgb.jpghttp://www.michellehenry.fr/transport4.htmhttp://www.sirweb.org/patients/deep-vein-thrombosis/www.zazzle.comhuman_circulation_system_poster-228541873606524350http://www.bigveins.com/http://jkerseyeportbio211.blogspot.sg/2011_04_10_archive.htmlhttp://lungcancer.ucla.edu/adm_signs_bloodclot_lung.html