Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Revolutionary Noninvasive Antioxidants Revolutionary Noninvasive Antioxidants

TestingTesting

American Journal of Health Promotion; November/December, 2002

19% of those surveyed

were completely healthy with high levels of both physical

and mental health and a low level of

illness.

18.8% completely unhealthy, defined as having low

levels of health with high levels of illness.

Two-thirds of the adults reported some degree of mental or physical illness that kept them from being completely

healthy.“Incompletely healthy.”

HEALTH continuum

DE

AD

OP

TIM

AL

66%“Incompletely healthy”

More money doesn’t equal better More money doesn’t equal better health.health.

The US came in 17The US came in 17thth on the list of healthiest on the list of healthiest nations, Belgium was 1nations, Belgium was 1stst..

The US spends 13.1% of its GDP -- or The US spends 13.1% of its GDP -- or $4,180 annually per capita on health, $4,180 annually per capita on health, compared to Belgium's 8.9% ($2,172)compared to Belgium's 8.9% ($2,172)

Retail pharmacies filled 3 billion Retail pharmacies filled 3 billion prescriptions in 2000.prescriptions in 2000.

Reuters London March 25, 2002Reuters London March 25, 2002

On June 21, 2000, an article released by the associated press reported that “The United States spends more per

person on health care than any other country, yet in overall quality its care ranks 37th in the world.”

37

WHO survey 2000U.S.A. Today, associated press, June 21, 2000,

Annual Physical and Economic Cost of Medical Intervention

By Gary Null PhD, Carolyn Dean MD ND, Martin Feldman MD, Debora Rasio MD, Dorothy Smith PhD

Condition Deaths Cost Author

Adverse Drug Reactions

106,000 $12 billion Lazarou1 Suh49

Medical Errors 98,000 $2 billion IOM6

Bedsores 115,000 $55 billion Xakellis7 Barczak8

Infection 88,000 $5 billion Weinstein9 MMWR10

Malnutrition 108,000 Nurses Coalition11

Outpatients 199,000 $77 billion Starfield12 Weingart112

Unnecessary Procedures

37,136 $122 billion HCUP 3,13

Surgery-Related 32,000 $9 billion AHRQ85

Total 783,936 $282 billion

Condition Deaths Cost Author

ADR/Medical Error

420,000 $200 billion Leape 1997 14

Total 999,936 $468 billion

We could have an even higher death rate by using Dr. Lucien Leape's 1997 medical and drug error rate of 3

million14. Multiplied by the fatality rate of 14 percent (that Leape used in 1994 we arrive at an annual death rate of 420,000 for drug errors and medical errors combined16. If

we put this number in place of Lazorou's 106,000 drug errors and the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) 98,000 medical

errors, we could add another 216,000 deaths making a total of 999,936 deaths annually.

““8 of the top 10 causes of death are 8 of the top 10 causes of death are directly related to poor nutrition.”directly related to poor nutrition.”

1. Heart Disease 36.4% 2. Cancer 22.3% 3. CV Disease 7.1% 4. Accidents 4.6% 5. Pulmonary Disease 3.6% 6. Pneumonia, Flu 3.3% 7. Diabetes 1.8% 8. Suicide 1.5% 9. Liver Disease 1.2%10. Atherosclerosis 1.1%11. All other causes 3.4% Dr. C. Everett Koop,

Former Surgeon General

National Cancer Institute

In a survey of 21,500 people, not a single person consumed 100% of RDA for

the 10 most important nutrients!

Did you eat 6-10 Servings* of Fruits and Vegetables Today?

*as recommended by the National Cancer Institute

On a Typical DayOn a Typical Day

40% of Americans don’t eat any 40% of Americans don’t eat any fruitfruit

20% of Americans don’t eat any 20% of Americans don’t eat any vegetables.vegetables.

51% of Americans don’t any 51% of Americans don’t any vegetables other than potato or vegetables other than potato or salad.salad.

Theories of AgingTheories of Aging

Dr. Rubner 1908 “The Rate of Living Theory”Dr. Rubner 1908 “The Rate of Living Theory”

Linked metabolic rate and aging.Linked metabolic rate and aging.

Dr. Denham Harman 1954 “The Free Radical Dr. Denham Harman 1954 “The Free Radical Theory of Aging”Theory of Aging”

Dr. Johan Bjorksten 1968 “The Crosslinkage Dr. Johan Bjorksten 1968 “The Crosslinkage Theory of Aging”Theory of Aging”

Dr. A. Cerami 1985 “The Glycation Theory of Dr. A. Cerami 1985 “The Glycation Theory of Aging”Aging”

The Free Radical Theory of AgingThe Free Radical Theory of Aging

In 1954 Dr. Denham Harman first In 1954 Dr. Denham Harman first described the theory of free radical aging.described the theory of free radical aging.

“…“…a single common process, modifiable a single common process, modifiable by genetic and environmental factors, was by genetic and environmental factors, was responsible for aging and death of all living responsible for aging and death of all living things.” things.”

“You’re not getting older, just your DNA”(Headline from an article in Popular Science, August 2002, p.44)

Aging Symptoms

The Bad Guys: Free RadicalsThe Bad Guys: Free Radicals1.1. Superoxide (0Superoxide (022-*) -*) A normal product of oxygen A normal product of oxygen

metabolism. Cell membranes, mitochondria and metabolism. Cell membranes, mitochondria and chromosomes are favorite targets. chromosomes are favorite targets.

2.2. Hydrogen Peroxide (HHydrogen Peroxide (H22OO22) ) One of the by-One of the by-

products of scavenging superoxide. A key culprit in products of scavenging superoxide. A key culprit in lipid peroxidation which is linked to many diseases and lipid peroxidation which is linked to many diseases and early aging.early aging.

3.3. Hydroxyl Radical (HO*) Hydroxyl Radical (HO*) Formed from Formed from incomplete processing of (Hincomplete processing of (H22OO22). It is the most toxic of ). It is the most toxic of

the free radicals.the free radicals.

4.4. Singlet Oxygen (Singlet Oxygen (11OO22) ) Involved in diseases of Involved in diseases of

the joints (arthritis) but is most damaging to the eye.the joints (arthritis) but is most damaging to the eye.

Free Radical Damage

Mitochondria

Free radical damage here alters the energy production of the cell, decreasing its’ ability to function. As the cells go so do we, less energy.

Free Radical Damage

The Cell Wall The membrane of the

cell allows nutrients in and waste products out. When damaged by free radicals it can rupture, leak or become clogged resulting in premature death of the cell.

Inflammation • The second leading cause of free radical

production in the body is caused by inflammation.

• If there are not enough antioxidants to counteract the inflammation the result is a chronic inflammatory disease. A great example is arthritis.

If the cell membranes contain a higher concentration of arachidonic acid, then pro inflammatory eicosanoids will outnumber

anti inflammatory eicosanoids. This leads to chronic inflammation.

Arachidonic Acid

Omega 6

Omega 3

Trans fat

Free Radical Damage

Peroxisome

As a byproduct of the degradation of fatty acids (triglycerides) hydrogen peroxide is produced which is normally degraded by catalase however, under certain conditions some may escape into the cell causing damage.

Free Radical Damage

Lysosomes

These little packets of enzymes which are designed to eat through anything except the membrane that contains them can be ruptured by free radicals and eat through the cell and the one next to it producing more free radicals as they go.

Free Radical Damage

Blood and tissue Lipids

Free radicals cause lipid peroxidation. LDL cholesterol when damaged becomes sticky and can clog arteries and cause macrophages to become foam cells. This causes arteriosclerosis a leading cause in heart disease and stroke.

Cholesterol

• Free radical damaged LDL Cholesterol is called lipoprotein A. Macrophages ingest the LpA and become foam cells. These burst and cause the characteristic yellow streak in arthrosclerosis.

• LDL Cholesterol does not appear to be a problem unless it oxidizes.

From The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1991

The amount of vitamin E in the blood stream predicted the risk of heart disease with 62% certainty cholesterol’s predictive value was only 28%. When vitamin E and cholesterol were used together the predictive value rose to 83%. Beta-carotene, vitamin C and E gave an 88% predictability. Adding cholesterol to this made no change!

Free Radical Damage

The DNA Free radicals in the

nucleus can attack a gene and damage the chemical bonds and alter the information transcribed or they can cause cross-linking not allowing it to replicate at all.

Drugs That Reduce Antioxidant Status

• Aspirin• Antacids• Cholestyramines• Statins• Blood thinners• Broad-spectrum antibiotics• Anticonvulsanst• Urinary antibiotics• Corticosteroids

Free Radicals Play a Major Role in Free Radicals Play a Major Role in the Following Diseasesthe Following Diseases

1.1. Premature agingPremature aging2.2. CancersCancers3.3. Heart diseaseHeart disease4.4. Autoimmune diseasesAutoimmune diseases5.5. Rheumatoid arthritisRheumatoid arthritis6.6. Amyloid diseases (Alzheimer's)Amyloid diseases (Alzheimer's)7.7. Radiation injuryRadiation injury8.8. CataractsCataracts9.9. PorphyriaPorphyria10.10. RetinopathyRetinopathy11.11. Parkinson’s diseaseParkinson’s disease

The Good Guys: Natural Mechanisms to Control Free Radicals

1. Antioxidant EnzymesCatalase

Glutathione peroxidase

Glutathione reductase

Superoxide dismutase (both Mn and Cu-Zn enzymes)

2. Free Radical scavengers/chain-breakers Vitamins A, C, E, Coenzyme Q10, carotenoids (lycopene,

beta-carotene, etc.)

Flavonoids (querdetin, rutin, catechin, etc.)

Uric acid, bilirubin, thiols (-SH)

Important Antioxidant CatalystsSuperoxide Dismutase2O2

-* + 2H+ O2 + H2O2

SOD requires Copper/Zinc or Manganese

Glutathione Peroxidase and Catalase

2GSH + H2O2 2H2O + O2

2 H2O2 2H2O + O2

Selenium is required

Vitamin EVitamin E

• Vitamin E is perhaps the body’s most important fat-soluble antioxidant protecting cell membranes and lipids from oxidative free radical damage.

• The dl-alpha tocopherol form of vitamin E which is synthetic does not have the antioxidant potency of the natural form.

• Vitamin E has 8 forms alpha, beta, gamma and delta plus 4 tocotrienols.

Vitamin CVitamin C

• Vitamin C is a water soluble antioxidant which is also required in tissue growth and repair, adrenal gland function, production of anti-stress hormones, production of interferon and is needed for the metabolism of folic acid, tyrosine and phenylalanine.

• Vitamin C also regenerates vitamin E.

Alpha-Lipoic AcidAlpha-Lipoic Acid

• Has the unique ability to neutralize both fat and water soluble free radicals and is the key antioxidant in mitochondrial function.

• Promotes the body’s production and regeneration of glutathione and coenzyme Q10.

• Regenerates both vitamin E and C.• Crosses the blood-brain barrier to protect

the nerve system.

BioflavinoidsBioflavinoids

• Must be obtained through the diet and therefore are sometimes called vitamin P

• Quercetin found in onions, broccoli, and tomatoes and catechin found in green tea and grapes are powerful antioxidants and have been linked to cancer prevention.

Carotenoids

• One of the most important antioxidant protectors against lipid peroxidation.

• Unlike the antioxidant vitamins carotenoids with a single molecule can scavenge up to 20 free radicals before it is destroyed.

• They are also very protective against singlet oxygen radicals.

Indisputable

3 Decades

30,000 Published Papers

Document the link

between

Free Radical Activity

and Cell Damage

180 Degrees

June 19, 2002

“We recommend that ALL ADULTS take a multi-vitamin daily”

The amount of key antioxidants that The amount of key antioxidants that many different species maintain in many different species maintain in their body is directly proportional to their body is directly proportional to their lifespan."their lifespan."

Richard Cutler, M.D., Director of Anti-Richard Cutler, M.D., Director of Anti-aging Research at the National aging Research at the National Institutes of HealthInstitutes of Health

April 6, 1992

On Antioxidants vs. Free Radicals

…Antioxidants may one day revolutionize health care. …Screening people through a simple...test to assess how much damage free radicals have done to tissue, much as patients today are screened for high cholesterol.

Biochemist, William Pryor, director of theBiodynamics Institute at Louisiana State University

“The Future” is NOW!

The Biophotonic Scanner

Vibronic Energy Levels

Laser light

Raman scattered light

Raman ScatteringSir C. V. Raman, Nobel Prize in Physics

1930

Raman Spectroscopy of Carotenoids

Carotenoids have a characteristic Raman spectral “fingerprint” generated from vibrations of their long carbon backbone.

Any other molecule would produce a different fingerprint (peaks with different locations and intensities)

8 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 6 0 0Raman Shif t / cm

- 1

15 285

cm- 1

1 15 89

cm- 1

C- C

O H

O H

C- C

C= C

C-CH3

f ilt er paper

• Most potent singlet oxygen quenchers found in the human body

• Predominant carotenoids found in skin

• Lipophilic molecules making them especially well suited to act as chain-breaking antioxidants in the lipid-rich epidermis

• Resonant Raman spectroscopy for non-invasive detection ? Wavelength, nm

300 400 500 600O

ptic

al d

en

sity

0.00

0.04

0.08

0.12 -carotene

lycopene

Absorption

Lycopene and -Carotene

What Do We Measure?

• Carotenoid antioxidants in stratum corneum

Carotenoids protect skin cells (DNA)

from harmful UV Light

Site of Action

Only Pharmanex can measure at the

“Site of Action.” Cell Body:

Site of Action!

Blood and urine tests can be altered by a few meals.

It takes 4-6 weeks or longer for antioxidants to reach skin cells.

Think Range

Less than 10,000

40,000 to 50,000

30,000 to 40,000

10,000 to 20,000

20,000 to 30,000

50,000 and Higher

The Antioxidant Miracle

Lester PackerLester PackerPharmanex Scientific Advisory Board Member

Founder of Packer Labs at Berkeley

70 Books Published – 700 Articles

THE FATHER OF THE ANTIOXIDANT THEORY

“Everyone should use the

Pharmanex Bio-Photonic

Scanner to learn their optimal

Body Defense Score. Once you have your number, work to increase it and maintain it with a diet rich in fruits,

vegetables and vitamin supplements”

Lester Packer, PhD. UC Berkeley

As Quoted on CNN/Money.com

Everyone

Carotenoids as a Biomarker for Overall Antioxidant Status

• Studies show that carotenoids are an excellent biomarker for overall antioxidant status.

• Carotenoids are sacrificial antioxidants when they are depleted it puts a great deal of stress on the other antioxidant mechanisms.

• A study presented at the American College of Nutrition showed that the variability of the biophotonic method was significantly less (9.48 percent) than that of the serum/HPLC method. The correlation between the two was also high

(r = 0.82).

LifePak®: 40+ Antioxidants

• All 8 forms of natural vitamin E: 300 IU• Buffered vitamin C: 500 mg• Selenium, Copper, Zinc, Manganese• 6 Carotenoids:

– as found in 5-10 fruits & vegetables per day

• Over 20 Flavonoids:– 6 Catechins, Quercetin, naringenin, hesperidin, 3

Soy isoflavones, Over 10 grape seed polyphenols• Alpha-Lipoic Acid: 30-50 mg

“LifePak has been the subject of two clinical studies designed to assess the antioxidant benefits of the product – quite a significant fact when you consider that we know of NO other supplement companies that have sponsored clinical studies on their multivitamin products.”

“We applaud Pharmanex for their efforts in this regard.”

SupplementWatch rates LifePak #1!

SupplementWatch.com

Brilliant Minds Endorse...Brilliant Minds Endorse...

• Lester Packer – Antioxidant Miracle. Father of antioxidants. “This validates my life’s work.”

• James Rippe, MD Tufts, Boston (Cardiologist)• James Balch, MD – author The Prescription

for Nutritional Healing- 8 million copies sold • Koji Nakanishi – Columbia. Discovered

Ginkgo Biloba• Carl Dierassi, Stanford –birth control pill.• Chi – Huey Wong – Scripps Institute,

appointed to the National Academy of Sciences

Sick vs Wellness Industries

• The sickness industry was $1.8 trillion last year. It is 1/7 of our economy and is the largest segment.

• The fastest growing market is in health and wellness which was $300 billion last year and is projected to rise to $1 trillion by the year 2010.

• Baby boomers are 25% of the population and represent 50% of the spending.

American Journal of Health Promotion; November/December, 2002

19% of those surveyed

were completely healthy with high levels of both physical

and mental health and a low level of

illness.

18.8% completely unhealthy, defined as having low

levels of health with high levels of illness.

Two-thirds of the adults reported some degree of mental or physical illness that kept them from being completely

healthy.“Incompletely healthy.”

HEALTH continuum

DE

AD

OP

TIM

AL

66%“Incompletely healthy”

“8 of the top 10 causes of death are directly related to poor nutrition.”

1. Heart Disease 36.4% 2. Cancer 22.3% 3. CV Disease 7.1% 4. Accidents 4.6% 5. Pulmonary Disease 3.6% 6. Pneumonia, Flu 3.3% 7. Diabetes 1.8% 8. Suicide 1.5% 9. Liver Disease 1.2%10. Atherosclerosis 1.1%11. All other causes 3.4% Dr. C. Everett Koop,

Former Surgeon General

Is a process that is acquired through

action

that buys you