freedom house - presidential fy2011 budget analysis

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Investing in Freedom:

An Analysis of the Obama Administration

FY 2011 Budget Request for

Democracy and Human Rights

April 2010


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Sarah Trister is the primary author of this years report. Freedom House Executive Director JenniferWindsor, Deputy Executive Director Thomas O. Melia, Director of Advocacy Paula Schriefer, andDirector of Programs Robert Herman provided expertise and guidance throughout the process. Analyticalbackground on recent democratic developments was provided by Freedom House publication Freedom inthe World. Extensive research, editorial, proofreading and administrative assistance was provided byMelanie Dominski. Freedom House staff in Washington and in field offices around the world also offered

valuable regional input. For additional Freedom House Special Reports, please seewww.freedomhouse.org .

Freedom House is an independent watchdog organization that supports the expansion of freedom aroundthe world. Freedom House supports democratic change, monitors freedom, and advocates for democracyand human rights.

Founded in 1941, Freedom House has long been a vigorous proponent of the right of all individuals to befree. Eleanor Roosevelt and Wendell Willkie served as Freedom Houses first honorary co -chairpersons.
http://www.freedomhouse.org/http://www.freedomhouse.org/http://www.freedomhouse.org/


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Glossary of Acronyms

AEECA: Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and Central AsiaBBG: Broadcasting Board of Governors DA: Development AssistanceDCHA: Bureau of Democracy, Conflict and Humanitarian AssistanceDRC: Democratic Republic of the CongoDRL: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and LaborEAP: East Asia and PacificESF: Economic Support FundFY: Fiscal YearGJ&D: Governing Justly and DemocraticallyINCLE: International Narcotics Control and Law EnforcementINL: Bureau of International Narcotics and Law EnforcementMCC: Millennium Challenge CorporationMEPI: Middle East Partnership InitiativeNED: National Endowment of DemocracyNERD: Near East Regional Democracy ProgramNGO: Non-Governmental OrganizationOAS: Organization of American StatesOMEP: Office of Middle East ProgramsPCCB: Political Competition and Consensus-BuildingROLHR: Rule of Law and Human RightsSCA: South and Central AsiaUSAID: United States Agency for International DevelopmentUSIP: US Institute of PeaceWH: Western Hemisphere


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Executive Summary

The United States utilizes diverse tools to support efforts in other countries to strengthen democracy and defend humanrights, including bilateral and multilateral diplomacy, trade agreements and preferences, and through U.S. foreignassistance. While the outcome of struggles around the world for greater freedom and better, more accountable governancewill be determined by the men and women of each country, democracy assistance from the international community canabet those efforts, especially in conjunction with strong and supportive diplomacy. The annual foreign assistance requestto Congress provides insight into how priorities are being set within an Administration and the importance placed ondemocracy and human rights relative to other aspects of foreign policy and international development.

The budget request for the State Department and Foreign Operations for Fiscal Year 2011 is the second of the ObamaAdministration. In the FY11 request for Governing Justly and Democratically (GJ&D), the Administration has requested arecord $3.3 billion for democracy and human rights programs, a 25% increase over last years request, although themajority of this increase is accounted for by growth in the proposed investment in Afghanistan. As a general proposition,Freedom House believes that, given the mounting threats and challenges to democracy and human rights around theworld, and the consequences these have for other vital national interests, more funds should be made available to supportdemocracy and human rights.

In the FY11 request, democracy and human rights funding represents only 10% of total Foreign Assistance;furthermore, it is less than one-tenth of one percent of the total amount requested in the budget submission.

Freedom Houses Freedom in the World 2010 report found that 2009 was the fourth straight year in which more countriessaw declines in freedom than saw improvements, the longest continuous period of deterioration in the nearly 40-yearhistory of the report. This troubling trend has been further evinced by recent developments abroad such as the restrictionson the free flow of information including the cyber-attacks against Google in China, the erosion of freedom of associationincluding brutal crackdowns against protesters in Egypt, the silencing of opposition in Venezuela, the criminalization of defamation in Cambodia used to intimidate journalists, and more subtle and frequently legalistic forms of intimidation andcontrol against civil society around the globe.

While many countries throughout the world received small increases in the FY11 request, the vast majority of theproposed funding increase is directed towards two countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Of the total request, 47% of all GJ&D funding for FY11 is being directed towards Afghanistan and Pakistan. Thisis a significant increase from the FY10 request, in which over a third (35%) of all GJ&D funding was directedtowards these two countries.If funding for Afghanistan and Pakistan is removed, the FY11 request reflects a global decrease of $27.7 million,or 1.5% from the adjusted FY10 request.GJ&D funding for Afghanistan alone is more than GJ&D funding for the Western Hemisphere, Africa, East Asia

and Pacific, and Europe and Eurasia combined .

While the challenges posed by Afghanistan and Pakistan are formidable, and we believe that the American-led efforts inthose countrie s should include a major investment in strengthening the democratic character of governance and supportfor fundamental rights, Freedom House is concerned that such large increases (and overall amounts) for any singlecountry may mean that funds are not utilized effectively. More broadly, the FY11 budget request in this respect continuesa long-term trend by the U.S. government of episodically requesting large amounts of assistance (including democracy


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and governance assistance) for countries experiencing conflict, crises, impending elections, or that are emerging fromconflicts. These investments are all-too-often then abandoned quickly when attention moves elsewhere.

Of the 20 countries that receive the largest amounts of GJ&D funding in this request, eight countries are currentlyexperiencing conflict or are in a very recent post-conflict state.The requests for Afghanistan, Iraq, Liberia, Pakistan, Sudan and West Bank/Gaza account for 60% of the totalGJ&D request.

Inevitably, large amounts of democracy funding for a small number of strategically important countries come at theexpense of support for democracy initiatives in countries at a crossroads in their democratic development. Fortunately,there were increases for some countries that have made strides toward becoming stable democracies.

Appropriately, the FY11 request includes sizable requests for Mexico, Indonesia, Ukraine, Serbia, and Georgia,all new democracies deserving of sustained support. Indeed, the largest percentage increase over the FY10request was for Mexico (539%.)Increases for a number of African countries that have made notable democratic progress - including Ghana, Mali,and Tanzania - should be maintained.

There are other countries, however, where the governments are resisting citizen demands for reform and the engine of progress resides in civil society and alternative political movements. It is therefore concerning to note that overall funding to support civil society in the FY11 request shows a 14% decline from the FY10 estimated spending levels.Greater investment in building the institutional capacity of deserving governments should not come at the expense of strengthening citizen-led demand for accountable governance, as appears to be the case in several countries in the budget

justification. As assaults on freedom of association increase worldwide, abetted by schemes enacted by governments tolegalize suppression of independent groups, trade unions, associations and opposition poli tical parties, the US shouldincrease and deepen its support for civil society activities, and for efforts to improve the legal and international operatingenvironment for them.

It is also disconcerting that efforts to support freedom of expression are not accorded greater prominence in the budget proposal at a time when the worlds leading authoritarian states have embarked on systematic efforts to diminish access toinformation via the Internet and to curtail free speech more generally. Given the strong statements made in recent monthsby the Secretary of State on these themes, one would have expected greater focus on these efforts in the budget proposal.

Not all efforts need to be highly technological traditional outlets like radio and newspapers still play an important rolecombating misinformation and strengthening support for democracy and human rights. While funding for the Voice of America has increased in recent years, other vital government-supported broadcasting programs have been consistentlyunderfunded notably Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, whose budgets have remained flat for more than a decade, aperiod during which many of the societies served by these radio broadcasts have seen independent news reporting

eviscerated. RFE/RL broadcasts in 21 countries in 28 languages, including Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Central Asia, and partsof Europe that doggedly remain autocratic. In these places, surrogate broadcasting providing accurate and objectivenews and information to people living in places where state-controlled media is otherwise their only option needs to beseen as a vital component of a comprehensive democracy assistance strategy.

Additionally, we are concerned that 50% of the Rule of Law and Human Rights request for FY11 is provided through theInternational Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement account. This account is primarily aimed at combating transnational


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crime and strengthening law enforcement. Programs in these areas may sometimes serve to strengthen the delivery of justice and respect for human rights, but past experience demonstrates that this is often not the case.

The FY 11 request provides $59.8 million for USAIDs Office of Democracy and Governance and $70 million for theState Departments Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. These core centers of support for democracy andhuman rights programming also require adequate resources to bolster their intellectual programmatic leadership in termsof distilling lessons learned and best practices, and to provide funding to enable them to support global and regionalinitiatives that often get short-shrift in an assistance framework otherwise built largely around bilateral, country-specificprograms.

Regional Summaries

South and Central AsiaWhile funding for GJ&D has been protected relative to the overall cuts in the Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and CentralAsia (AEECA) account, the primary avenue for US funding in the region, recent events in Kyrgyzstan provide a stark reminder that the U.S. should focus more diplomatic and assistance efforts - not less - to support democracy and humanrights in Central Asia, which in recent years has become the most repressive sub-region in the world.

Western HemisphereThe request for Western Hemisphere GJ&D funding increased 29% over the FY10 request, the vast majority of which isreflected in the 130% increase for Mexico. Despite the overall increase, we are concerned to see that a number of countries in the Andean region received decreases or no request at all, for civil society activities, including Venezuela,Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. Many of these countries face considerable challenges to freedoms of expressionand association and civil society groups need adequate resources in order to work against repressive policies. We areparticularly disappointed to see that there is no GJ&D funding requested for Bolivia at all.

Near East The request for Near East democracy and human rights funding went down overall, but when dramatically reducedfunding for Iraq is taken into account, there is actually a 10% increase over FY10 estimated levels. Although the requestfor Iraq went down 45% from the FY10 request, the country remains the regions largest GJ&D recipient, with $175million for FY11. Freedom House urges Congress and the Administration to continue to closely monitor GJ&D spendingin Iraq to ensure that money is being spent efficiently and is meeting citizens needs.

The issue of democracy-related funding with respect to Egypt is of particular concern as the environment there becomesincreasingly restricted as evidenced by recent crackdowns against political activists, bloggers, and journalists. GJ&Dfunding for Egypt has gone down considerably over the past decade and although the Administration had last yearindicated that the decreases in democracy support in the bilateral USAID program in Egypt would be off-set by increasedfunding from the State Departments Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) and Middle East

Partnership Initiative (MEPI), it is not clear that has been the case. Additionally, we have serious concerns about the USGovernment decision to stop funding civil society groups not registered with the Egyptian Ministry of Social Solidarity,essentially giving the Egyptian Government veto power over who receives funding from USAID. Not only is this decisionharmful to civil society groups in Egypt, it sets a dangerous precedent in terms of US Foreign Assistance.

AfricaWhile Freedom House welcomes the Administrations continued foc us on democracy and human rights funding in Africa,the total amount dedicated to these programs remains inadequate given the enormity of the challenge on that continent.


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We would particularly like to see a shift in Africa away from the tendency to invest large amounts of democracy-relatedresources in conflict countries, which, given budget realities, inevitably means fewer funds are available for countries thatare at a critical juncture in their democratic development. We urge the Congress to be mindful of these vast needs whendeliberating on the appropriations request, as in previous years a plethora of earmarks for other worthy causes hascrowded out the ability for USAID, in particular, to be able to respond to political development needs and opportunities.

East Asia and the Pacific The East Asia and Pacific region has the smallest GJ&D request of any region, with only 3% of the overall FY11 GJ&Drequest. This modest amount hardly reflects the dismal state of democracy and human rights in the region, with twocountries (Burma and North Korea) appearing on our Worst of the Worst list, and another two countries (China and Laos)that consistently rank near the bottom of our Freedom in the World ratings. More than half of the worlds people living inNot Free countries live in China and this deserves a greater investment of strategic planning and resource allocation.

Europe and EurasiaThough there was a small decrease (3.3%) in the request for Europe and Eurasia compared to the FY10 request, FreedomHouse is encouraged to see that the Administration has for the most part continued to fund democracy and human rightsprograms in the region. We were pleased to see increases in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, and

Montenegro.

The growing challenges to fundamental freedoms, and the assiduous efforts by many authoritarian and even nominallydemocratic governments to impugn and marginalize critics, means that the United States ought to be intensifying andexpanding its effort, in tandem with the other democracies, to provide support to those who are taking the greatest risks toadvance the cause of freedom in their respective countries. Mindful of the limits of American ability to influenceoutcomes in so many places, because the men and women of each country are really the authors of their democraticdevelopment, we at Freedom House believe that the overall U.S. investment in support of freedom, democracy and humanrights, should be enlarged overall.


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Summary of FY11 Budget Recommendations for Congress Global

USAID Bureau of Democracy, Conflict, and Human Rights (DCHA): Freedom House is concerned to see adecrease in the request for USAIDs Bureau of Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance (DCHA)and would encourage Congress to increase DCHAs funding to at least match, if not exceed, FY10 estimatedlevels. These funds are vital in providing support to cross-border and cross-regional initiatives, encouraging thesharing of lessons learned, and responding to rapidly emerging country situations. That increase should include$10 million for core and institutional support for groups focused on core human rights (including freedom of association and expression) and access to justice.

State Department Bureau of Human Rights and Labor (DRL): Freedom House recommends that that non-earmarked funding for this Bureau should be increased and deployed strategically to address critical democracyand human rights priorities that reinforce DRLs multilateral and bilateral diplomatic efforts. Additionally, werecommend that at least $10 million be allocated for Internet Freedom programs.

South and Central Asia Regional: Freedom House urges Congress to refocus attention towards fostering democracy in the Central AsianRepublics which have experienced a precipitous decline in freedom and human rights over the past few years.We believe the amount of funding dedicated to this region is inadequate in light of the serious challenges posed tofreedom there.

Kazakhstan: Freedom House recommends that at least $5 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Kazakhstanthrough AEECA.

Kyrgyzstan: Freedom House recommends that at least $10 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Kyrgyzstanthrough AEECA.

Uzbekistan: Freedom House recommends that at least $4 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Uzbekistanthrough AEECA.

Western Hemisphere Bolivia: Freedom House strongly disagrees with the Administrations decision to accede to the demands of theBolivian government to cut off all U.S. support for democracy and human rights in Bolivia in exchange forallowing other development programs to continue. We recommend that at least $20 million be allocated inGJ&D funds for Bolivia through DA and administered outside the bilateral aid framework if necessary.

Honduras: Freedom House recommends that at least $13 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Hondurasthrough DA.

Venezuela: Freedom House recommends that at least $5 million be allocated for Civil Society in Venezuelathrough ESF.

Haiti: although the recent earthquake and its aftermath underscored the need to bolster state capacity, it would bea mistake not to provide any significant assistance to civil society, human rights and political processes led by


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non-state actors whose contributions will be vital to the reconstruction of Haiti. We urge the Congress to addressthis aspect of the aid package for Haiti

Africa Angola: Freedom House recommends that at least $9 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Angola throughDA.

Cameroon: Freedom House recommends that at least $2 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Cameroonthrough DA.

Niger: Freedom House recommends that at least $2 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Niger through DA.

Uganda: Freedom House recommends that at least $8 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Uganda throughDA.

Zambia: Freedom House recommends that at least $5 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Zambia throughDA.

Near East Near East Regional Democracy (NERD): Freedom House encourages Congress to specify at least $10 millionwithin NERD for Internet Freedom activities.

Jordan: Freedom House recommends that at least $ 22 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Jordan throughESF.

Egypt: Freedom House strongly disagrees with the Administrations decision not to fund Egyptian Civil SocietyGroups that are not registered with the Ministry of Social Solidarity and urges Congress to look into this decisionand what it may mean for future US foreign assistance to Egypt.

Yemen: Freedom House recommends that at least $3 million be allocated for Civil Society programs in Yemenunder ESF.

East Asia and Pacific China: Freedom House recommends that at least $7 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for China through DA.

Indonesia: Freedom House recommends that at least $15 million be allocated for Rule of Law and HumanRights programs for Indonesia through DA.

Europe and Eurasia

Azerbaijan: Freedom House recommends that at least $7million be allocated for Civil Society programs forAzerbaijan under AEECA.

Russia: Freedom House recommends that at least $37 million be allocated in GJ&D funds for Russia throughAEECA.


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Rule of Law and Human Rights funding is meant to advance and protect individual rights as embodied by theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, promoting societies in which the state and its citizens are accountable tolaws that are publically promulgated, equally enforced, independently adjudicated, and consistent with internationalhuman rights.

Good Governance funding is meant to promote government institutions that are democratic, effective, responsive,sustainable, and accountable to citizens. Activities funded under this program support public participation andoversight, measures that curb corruption, and separation of powers through checks and balances.

Political Competition and Consensus-Building programs encourage the development of transparent and inclusiveelectoral and political processes, as well as democratic, responsive, and effective political parties.

Civil Society programs support the means through which citizens can freely organize, advocate, and communicatewith fellow citizens, members of their own and other governments, international bodies, and other elements of civilsociet .

Rule of Law and Human Rights funding is meant to advance and protect individual rights as embodied by theUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, promoting societies in which the state and its citizens are accountable to lawsthat are publically promulgated, equally enforced, independently adjudicated, and consistent with international humanrights.

Good Governance funding is meant to promote government institutions that are democratic, effective, responsive,sustainable, and accountable to citizens. Activities funded under this program support public participation andoversight, measures that curb corruption, and separation of powers through checks and balances.

Political Competition and Consensus-Building programs encourage the development of transparent and inclusiveelectoral and political processes, as well as democratic, responsive, and effective political parties.

Civil Society programs support the means through which citizens can freely organize, advocate, and communicate withfellow citizens, members of their own and other governments, international bodies, and other elements of civil society.

*Descriptions are from the FY 2011 State and Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification

Total Budgetfor FY11

Foreign

Assistance forFY11

The Fiscal Year 2011 State and Foreign Operations

Budget Request

On February 1, 2010 President Obama released hisadministrations second budget request, addressing FiscalYear (FY) 2011. The $3.6 trillion request includes $52.8billion for State and Foreign Operations spending, of which$36.4 billion is requested for Foreign Assistance. This totalis further broken down into five categories of spending thatreflect the objectives of US Foreign Assistance : Peace andSecurity, Governing Justly and Democratically (GJ&D),Investing in People, Economic Growth, andHumanitarian Assistance.

32%

31%

16%

11%10%

FY11 Foreign Assistance Request byObjective

Investing in People

Peace and Security

Economic Growth

HumanitarianAssistance

Governing Justly and

Democratically

Governing Justly and Democratically*

The FY11 GJ&D request is the subject of this report.Funds that fall under the Governing Justly andDemocratically category are meant to protect basicrights and strengthen effective democracies byassisting countries to increase their government s accountability, relying on rule of law, free and fairelectoral processes, vibrant civil society, andindependent media. GJ&D Funding is further brokendown into four more specific funding categories: Ruleof Law and Human Rights, Good Governance,Political Competition and Consensus-Building, and

Civil Society.

The Fiscal Year 2011 State and Foreign OperationsBudget Request

On February 1, 2010 President Obama released hisadministrations second budget request, addressing FiscalYear (FY) 2011. The $3.6 trillion request includes $52.8billion for State and Foreign Operations spending, of which

$36.4 billion is requested for Foreign Assistance. This totalis further broken down into five categories of spending thatreflect the objectives of US Foreign Assistance : Peace andSecurity, Governing Justly and Democratically (GJ&D),Investing in People, Economic Growth, andHumanitarian Assistance.

Governing Justly and Democratically*

The FY11 GJ&D request is the subject of this report.

Funds that fall under the Governing Justly andDemocratically category are meant to protect basicrights and strengthen effective democracies byassisting countries to increase their government s accountability, relying on rule of law, free and fairelectoral processes, vibrant civil society, andindependent media. GJ&D Funding is further brokendown into four more specific funding categories: Ruleof Law and Human Rights, Good Governance,Political Competition and Consensus-Building, and Civil Society.


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Foreign Assistance Accounts*

59%14%

11%10% 6%

FY11 GJ&D Breakdown by Accounts

Economic SupportFund

InternationalNarcotics Control andLaw Enforcement

DevelopmentAssistance

Assistance for Europe,Eurasia and CentralAsia

Other

Development Assistance funding is meant to advance programs in countries facing long-term development challenges.Programs that are funded through this account represent the primary contribution of the United States towardinternational efforts to realize the Millennium Development Goals and address critical global issues such as food securityand climate change.

The Economic Support Fund advances United States interests by aiding countries in their efforts to attain short- andlong-term political, economic, and security goals. These goals cover a range of activities including countering extremistideology, assisting in the development of effective, independent legal systems, supporting transparent governance, andempowering citizens.

Assistance for Europe, Eurasia and Central Asia funding promotes the United States effort to assist countries inSouthern Europe and the former Soviet Union to become stable, pluralistic, and prosperous.

International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement funding advances country and global programs that combattransnational crime. These programs attempt to close the gaps between law enforcement jurisdictions and to improve oninstitutions that are currently weak or corrupt.

*Descriptions are from the FY 2011 State and Foreign Operations Congressional Budget Justification

Every year Foreign Assistance is requestedthrough a number of accounts, whichCongressional appropriators use when allocatingfunding. Over the past few years the PresidentsBudget Request has not broken down the Foreign

Assistance objectives by account so it has beendifficult to determine through which accountsGJ&D funding was allocated. However, in theFY11 Request, the Obama Administrationincluded an additional breakdown in theCongressional Budget Justification whichspecifies the account requests in addition toobjective requests. The primary accounts forGoverning Justly & Democratically includeDevelopment Assistance, Economic SupportFund, Assistance for Europe Eurasia and CentralAsia, and International Narcotics Control andLaw Enforcement.


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Overview of FY 2011 Governing Justly and Democratically Request 1 President Obamas FY 2011 Budget Request for Foreign Assistance totals $36 billion, including $3.3 billion forGoverning Justly and Democratically (GJ&D). The GJ&D request reflects a $669,829,000 increase (25.15%) over FY2010 Estimated levels. 2 Most of this increase relates to Afghanistan and Pakistan (Af-Pak.) If these countries are removedfrom the equation, GJ&D funding in the rest of the world actually decreases by $27.7 million, or 1.5%, comparedwith FY10 Estimated levels.

Much of the increase in GJ&D funding for FY11 was in the Good Governance Category, which is requested at $1.6billion, or 48% of total GJ&D funding. This is largely due to the fact that the request for Good Governance funding forAfghanistan is more than double the FY10 request and the FY10 estimated levels. The Political Competition andConsensus-Building and Civil Society categories show decreases of 13% and 14% respectively from FY10 estimatedlevels. Rule of Law and Human Rights Funding received an 18% increase over the FY10 request and a 25% increase overthe FY10 estimated levels.

1 All charts and tables in this document list numbers in thousands of dollars.2 Unless otherwise noted, FY10 Estimated Levels do not include the Administrations request for an FY2010 Supplemental Spending Bill.3 Change from FY10 Request is the difference between the FY11 Requested Amount and the FY10 Request.4 Change from FY10 Estimate is the difference between the FY11 Requested amount and the estimated levels for FY10 as listed in theAdministrations Congressional Budget Justification.

(In Thousands of $)FY09

ActualFY10

RequestFY10

EstimateFY11

Request

Changefrom FY10Request 3

ChangeFrom FY10Estimate 4

GOVERNING JUSTLY &

DEMOCRATICALLY 2,702,037 2,814,129 2,663,132 3,332,961

518,832

(18%)

669,829

(25%)

Rule of Law and Human Rights 699,266 753,936 736,732 897,188143,252

(19%) 160,456

(21%)

Good Governance 1,088,383 1,074,354 975,777 1,613,989539,635

(50%) 638,212

(65%)

Political Competition andConsensus-Building 432,697 376,975 311,063 271,296

-105,679(-28%)

-39,767(-12%)

Civil Society 481,691 608,864 639,560 550,488-58,376(-10%)

-89,072(-13%)

Rule of Lawand Human

Rights27%

GoodGovernance

48%

PoliticalCompetition

andConsensus-

Building8%

Civil Society17%

FY11 GJ&D Requests by Category


Rights28%

GoodGovernance

36%


andConsensus-

Building12%

Civil Society24%

FY10 GJ&D Estimates byCategory


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FY11 GJ&D Funding by Region(in thousands of $)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change from FY10Request

Change from FY10Estimate

South and Central Asia 1,163,037 1,063,465 945,460 1,645,158 581,693 ( 55%) 699,698 (74%

Western Hemisphere 290,408 320,885 324,851 416,778 95,893 (30%) 91,927 (28%

Near East 483,548 545,467 530,817 401,048 -144,419 (-26%) -129,769 (-24%

Africa 263,765 346,920 305,622 348,886 1,966 (1%) 43,264 (14%

East Asia and Pacific 89,100 100,801 109,165 96,905 -3,896 (-4%) -12,260 (-11%

Europe and Eurasia 224,297 238,141 231,952 228,562 -9,579 (-4%) -3,390 (-1%

Regional Overview

The FY11 GJ&D request for Afghanistan and Pakistanis $1.6 billion, or 47% of total GJ&D funding. Theimpact of the high funding levels for Af-Pak can beseen when GJ&D funding levels are broken downregionally.

South and Central Asia (which includes Afghanistanand Pakistan) represents 53% of regional GJ&Dfunding, a 74% increase over the estimates for FY10,not inc luding the Administrations FY 10 SupplementalRequest for Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq . GJ&D

funding for Afghanistan now exceeds GJ&D funding for the Western Hemisphere, Africa, East Asia and Pacific, and Europe and Eurasia combined.

While the challenges posed by Afghanistan and Pakistan are significant, Freedom House is concerned that such largeincreases in funding may not always be used effectively.

Elsewhere, the request would decrease funding for GJ&D in the Near East, East Asia and Pacific , and Europe andEurasia , while increasing it for Africa and the Western Hemisphere . The Near East decrease is largely due to a 47%reduction in Iraqs requested funding levels from the FY10 request, although Iraq remains the fourth largest rec ipient of GJ&D funds.

South andCentral

Asia53%

WesternHemisphere

13%

Near East13%

Africa11%

Europe andEurasia 7%

East Asiaand Pacific

3%


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Global Funding Mechanisms

Freedom House is concerned to see a decrease in the request for USAIDs Bureau of Democracy, Conflict, andHumanitarian Assistance (DCHA). Congress should increase DCHAs funding to match or exceed the FY10estimated levels. These funds support cross-border and cross-regional initiatives, facilitate the sharing of lessonslearned within and outside of USAID, and enable the U.S. to respond to rapidly emerging situations. Given the erosionof fundamental human rights of freedom of association and expression, DCHA should receive additional funding in

FY11 to counter these threats. While the GJ&D request for the State Departments Bureau of Democracy, HumanRights, and Labor (DRL) remains at the same level as the FY10 request, Freedom House believes that non-earmarked funding for this Bureau should be increased and deployed strategically to address critical democracy andhuman rights priorities that reinforce DRLs multilateral and bilatera l diplomatic efforts.

State Department Bureau of Democracy,Human Rights, and Labor (DRL)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change FromFY10

RequestChange FromFY10 Estimate

Governing Justly and Democratically 79,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 0 0


(39.09%) 10,750

(39.09%)

Good Governance 4,050 750 750 750 0 0

Political Competition/Consensus 9,100 7,000 7,000 7,000 0 0

Civil Society 23,869 34,750 34,750 24,000-10,750

(-30.93%)-10,750

(-30.94%)

USAID Bureau of Democracy, Conflictand Humanitarian Assistance (DCHA)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change fromFY10


Governing Justly and Democratically 68,526 86,350 82,350 59,800-26,550

(-30.75%)-22,550

(-27.38%)

Rule of Law and Human Rights 13,250 4,250 13,000 4,250 0 -8,750

(-67.30%)

Good Governance 10,657 37,540 14,800 12,640-24,900

(-66.33%)-2,160

(-14.59%)

Political Competition/Consensus 30,565 23,810 35,500 20,810-3,000

(-12.60%)-14,690

(-41.38%)

Civil Society 14,054 20,650 19,050 22,1001,450

(7.02%)3,050

(16.01%)

State Department Bureau forInternational Narcotics and LawEnforcement (INL)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change fromFY10


GJ&D Total 9,293 10,250 10,390 11,3051,055

(10.29%)915

(8.81%)

Rule of Law and Human Rights 8,908 9,822 9,900 10,735913

(9.30%)835

(8.43%)

Good Governance 385 428 490 570142

(33.18%)80

(16.33%)

State Department Bureau of Democracy,Human Rights, and Labor (DRL)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change FromFY10


Governing Justly and Democratically 79,000 70,000 70,000 70,000 0 0


(39.09%) 10,750

(39.09%)

Good Governance 4,050 750 750 750 0 0

Political Competition/Consensus 9,100 7,000 7,000 7,000 0 0

Civil Society 23,869 34,750 34,750 24,000-10,750

(-30.93%)-10,750

(-30.94%)

USAID Bureau of Democracy, Conflictand Humanitarian Assistance (DCHA)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change fromFY10


Governing Justly and Democratically 68,526 86,350 82,350 59,800-26,550

(-30.75%)-22,550

(-27.38%)

Rule of Law and Human Rights 13,250 4,250 13,000 4,250 0 -8,750

(-67.30%)

Good Governance 10,657 37,540 14,800 12,640-24,900

(-66.33%)-2,160

(-14.59%)

Political Competition/Consensus 30,565 23,810 35,500 20,810-3,000

(-12.60%)-14,690

(-41.38%)

Civil Society 14,054 20,650 19,050 22,1001,450

(7.02%)3,050

(16.01%)

State Department Bureau forInternational Narcotics and LawEnforcement (INL)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change fromFY10


GJ&D Total 9,293 10,250 10,390 11,3051,055

(10.29%)915

(8.81%)

Rule of Law and Human Rights 8,908 9,822 9,900 10,735913

(9.30%)835

(8.43%)

Good Governance 385 428 490 570142

(33.18%)80

(16.33%)


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12

International Organizations

Also included in the Administrations GJ&D Request is funding for de mocracy and governance arms of internationalorganizations. Freedom House is particularly concerned that the Administration has requested no funds for the UNHigh Commissioner for Human Rights.

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change fromFY10 Request

Change FromFY10

Estimate

UN Democracy Fund 3,000 14,000 4,500 5,000-9,000

(-64.29%)500

(11.11%) UN Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture 7,100 6,000 7,100 7,100

1,110(18.33%) 0

UN Voluntary Fund for TechnicalCooperation in the Field of HumanRights 1,400 1,400 1,425 1,400 0

-25(-1.75%)

UN High Commissioner for Human

Rights 8,000 0 7,000 0 0

-7,000

(-100.00%)OAS Fund for Strengthening Democracy 3,500 3,000 3,000 3,000 0 0


19/94

13

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change fromFY10

Request

Change FromFY10

Estimate

Millennium Challenge Corporation 875,000 1,425,000 1,105,000 1,279,700-145,300

(-10.20%)174,700(15.8%)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change fromFY10

Request

Change FromFY10

Estimate

National Endowment for Democracy 115,000 100,000 118,000 105,0005,000(5%)

-13,000(-11.01%)

Broadcasting Board of Governors FY09

ActualFY10

RequestFY10

EstimateFY11

Request

Changefrom FY10Request

Change FromFY10

EstimateBROADCAST BOARD OF GOVERNORSTOTAL 715,483 745,450 746,410 768,778

23,328(3.13%)

22,368(2.99%)

International Broadcasting Operations 704,187 732,187 733,788 755,14322,956

(3.14%) 21,355

(2.91%)

Broadcasting Capital Improvements 11,296 13,263 12,622 13,635372

(2.80%)1,013

(8.02%)

US Institute of Peace (USIP)

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

Change fromFY10

Request

Change FromFY10

Estimate

US Institute of Peace 31,000 49,220 49,220 46,550-2,670

(-5.42%)-2,670

(-5.42%)

Other Organizations

The overall request includes funding for a number of other organizations which, although their programs have an impacton democracy and human rights, are not reflected in the GJ&D request. The NED has been a consistent and invaluablesource of support for democracy activists, and their status as a Congressionally-funded organization allows them to play acomplementary role to official U.S. foreign assistance efforts. The MCC provides incentives for countries to movetowards democracy and good governance through award of its compacts; many of its threshold programs are focused onthe GJ&D area. The work of the BBG, and its affiliates, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and Radio Free Asia, provide

critical sources of accurate information in repressive environments.Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC)

National Endowment for Democracy (NED)

Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG)


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14

FY 11 Top GJ&D Requested Assistance Levels

CountryFY11

RequestFY10

RequestFY10

EstimateChange FromFY10 Request

Change FromFY10 Estimate

1 Afghanistan 1,388,000 800,951 716,517 587,049 (73%) 671,483 (94%)

2 Mexico 207,000 32,405 90,000 174,595 (539%) 117,000 (130%)

3 Pakistan 190,800 190,724 164,674 76 (0%) 26,126 (16%) 4 Iraq 175,334 328,200 326,500 -152,866 (-47%) -151,166 (-46%)

5 Sudan 77,997 97,564 87,364 -19,567 (-20%) -9,367 (-11%)

6 Liberia 43,200 39,394 39,268 3,806 (10%) 3,932 (10%)

7 West Bank and Gaza 41,500 42,000 32,100 -500 (-1%) 9,400 (29%)

8 Indonesia 39,702 42,056 39,925 -2,354 (-6%) -223 (-1%)

9 Russia 35,190 35,900 37,021 -710 (-2%) -1,831 (-5%)

10 Colombia 32,300 32,643 50,500 -343 (-1%) -18,200 (-36%)

11 Ukraine 28,837 31,683 28,692 -2,846 (-9%) 145 (1%)

12 Lebanon 28,769 27,317 26,689 1,452 (5%) 2,080 (8%)

13 Serbia 27,011 27,192 27,483 -181 (-1%) -472 (-2%) 14 Nigeria 25,271 20,700 21,367 4,571 (22%) 3,904 (18%)

15 Egypt 25,000 20,000 25,000 5,000 (25%) 0

16Democratic Republicof the Congo 24,900 25,400 13,400 -500 (-2%) 11,500 (86%)

17 Bangladesh 24,602 23,762 23,262 840 (4%) 1,340 (6%)

18 Georgia 24,150 20,371 18,750 3,779 (19%) 5,400 (29%)

19 Kosovo 23,147 23,830 21,895 -683 (-3%) 1,252 (6%)

20 Zimbabwe 20,600 21,000 20,600 -400 (-2%) 0

Afghanistan42%

Mexico6%

Pakistan6%

Iraq5%

Sudan2%

All Other39%

FY11 GJ&D RequestsFor FY11, Afghanistan alone represents 42% of the entire

GJ&D request. Together, the top 5 requests, those forAfghanistan, Mexico, Pakistan, Iraq , and Sudan , representmore than 60% of all GJ&D requested funding.

The request for Mexico represents a 539% increase over theFY10 request. Mexico now ranks as the second largestrecipient of GJ&D funding. Much of this increase is requestedthrough the International Narcotics Control and LawEnforcement (INCLE) account. Freedom House urges thatrequested funding be used in a manner that encourages respectfor human rights and rule of law by both state and non-stateactors. It is also notable that the top 7 requests for GJ&Dfunding are all for countries that are currently experiencingconflict or are in a very recent post-conflict state

While increases are requested for some key countries in the midst of an apparently successful democratic transition(Ghana, Tanzania, Mali), the FY11 request reflects a continued tendency within all Administrations to invest largeamounts of funds into conflict countries, which, given budget realities inevitably mean fewer funds are available forcountries at a crossroads in their democratic development.


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15

FY11 GJ&D Requested Assistance Levels

Biggest Increases*(Not including FY10 Supplemental)

*Increases and Decreases represent the difference between the FY11 Request and the FY10 Estimated Levels

CountryIncrease

(in thousands of $)

1 Afghanistan 671, 483

2 Mexico 117,000

3 Pakistan 26,126

4Democratic Republicof the Congo 11,500

5 West Bank and Gaza 9,400

6 Tanzania 7,618

7 Georgia 5,400

8 Kenya 4,810

9 Mali 4,500

10 Mozambique 4,000

Country Percent Increase

1 Tanzania 448.12%

2 Togo 321.05%

3 Mexico 130.00%

4 Ghana 120.00%

5 Ethiopia 98.07%

6 Afghanistan 93.71%

7Democratic Republicof the Congo 85.82%

8 Mali 81.82%

9 Mozambique 57.14%

10 Nepal 48.78%

Biggest Decreases*(Not including FY10 Supplemental)

CountryDecrease

(in thousands of $)

1 Iraq -151,166

2 Colombia -18,200

3 Haiti -12,525

4 Sudan -9,367

5 China -5,950

6 Jordan -5,700

7 Guinea -3,112

8 Timor-Leste -2,940

9 Somalia -2,72010 Turkmenistan -2,697

Country Percent Decrease

1 Algeria -100.00%

2 Tunisia -100.00%

3 Cameroon -100.00%

4 Mauritius -100.00%

5 Bulgaria -100.00%

6 China -87.50%

7 Mauritania -79.98%

8 Djibouti -61.09%9 Iraq -46.30%

10 Turkmenistan -46.02%

Increase by Dollar Amount Increase b Percentage

Decrease by Dollar Amount Decrease by Percentage


22/94

16

Rule of Law &Human Rights

Top Rule of Law and Human Rights Funding Recipients(in thousands of $)

FY11Request

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

Change FromFY10 Request


Total ROLHR 897,188 753,936 736,732 19.00% 21.78%

Country

1 Afghanistan 248,000 210,362 186,103 17.89% 33.26%

2 Mexico 179,000 21,045 75,500 750.56% 137.75%

3 Pakistan 40,400 39,275 24,219 2.86% 66.81%

4 Colombia 25,600 24,053 38850 6.43% -34.11%

5 West Bank and Gaza 18,000 13,000 5,250 38.46% 242.86%

6 Liberia 17,200 8,998 8,998 91.15% 91.15%

7 Lebanon 16,249 14,154 13,733 14.80% 18.32%

8 Haiti 12,000 9,125 8,625 31.51% 39.13%9 Kosovo 11,168 8,650 9,120 29.11% 22.46%

10 Egypt 10,500 8,000 10,500 31.25% 0.00%

11 Indonesia 10,450 14,777 14,688 -29.28% -28.85%

12 Cambodia 9,650 9,100 9,550 6.04% 1.05%

13 Sudan 9,600 3,700 1,000 159.45% 860.00%

14 Serbia 9,467 7,756 6,895 22.06% 37.30%

15 Russia 8,336 10,000 8,767 -16.64% -4.92%

16Bosnia andHerzegovina 7,860 8,816 7,239 -10.84% 8.58%

17 Guatemala 7,718 8,020 6,600 -3.77% 16.94%

18 Ukraine 6,758 6,508 6,423 3.84% 5.22%

19Democratic Republic of Congo 6,000 6,000 3,700 0.00% 62.16%

20 Iraq 6,000 73,000 73,500 -91.78% -91.84%

ROLHRFundingin OtherAccounts

51%

ROLHRFundingin INCLE

49%

International NarcoticsControl Rule of Law andHuman Rights Funding

Freedom House is pleased to see an overall increase in Rule of Law and Human Rights (ROLHR) funding, although we wouldlike to see a more detailed breakdown of funding being requestedfor the purposes of improving access to justice and respect forhuman rights. In this regard, we are concerned that 50% of theROLHR request is through the INCLE account. This account isprimarily aimed at combating transnational crime andstrengthening law enforcement. Programs in these areas maysometimes serve to strengthen the delivery of justice and respectfor human rights, but experience demonstrates that this is notalways the case.


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17

Afghanistan28%

Mexico20%

Pakistan4%

Colombia3%

West Bankand Gaza

2%

All Other43%

FY11 Rule of Law and Human RightsFunding


24/94

18

Good Governance

Top Good Governance Funding Recipients(in thousands of $)

FY11Request

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

Percent ChangeFrom FY10

Request

PercentChange From

FY10Estimate

Total GoodGovernance 1,613,989 1,074,354 975,777 50.23% 65.41%

Country

1 Afghanistan 1,010,000 390,589 392,568 158.58% 157.28%

2 Iraq 90,334 166,200 117,000 -45.65% -22.79%

3 Pakistan 70,000 71,035 60,035 -1.46% 16.60%

4 Sudan 35,000 34,000 34,000 2.94% 2.94%

5 Mexico 27,000 10,960 14,500 146.35% 86.21%

6 Indonesia 25,335 25,237 23,237 0.39% 9.03%

7 Liberia 20,000 22,494 22,368 -11.09% -10.59%

8 West Bank and Gaza 14,500 19,000 17,300 -23.68% -16.18%

9 Bangladesh 11,890 11,900 11,900 -0.08% -0.08%

10 Ukraine 10,897 12,835 10,135 -15.10% 7.52%

11Democratic Republic of the Congo 10,400 10,500 4,500 -0.95% 131.11%

12 Haiti 8,000 12,150 12,650 -34.16% -36.76%

13 Nigeria 7,271 8,500 8,000 -14.46% -9.11%

14 Honduras 6,894 6,894 6,143 0.00% 12.23%

15 Zimbabwe 6,800 7,000 6,800 -2.86% 0.00%

16 Russia 6,792 5,400 7,143 25.78% -4.91%17 Mozambique 6,175 6,000 4,275 2.92% 44.44%

18 Mali 6,000 4,750 4,750 26.32% 26.32%

19 Egypt 6,000 5,000 6,000 20.00% 0.00%

20 Serbia 5,910 2,544 4,877 132.31% 21.18%

Afghanistan62%

Iraq6%

Pakistan4%

Sudan2%

Mexico2%

All Other24%

FY11 Good Governance FundingFreedom House applauds the increase in the overallGood Governance request but notes that when theincrease for Afghanistan is removed, the requestactually represents a slight decrease from the FY10request and only a 10% increase over the FY10estimated levels.

Freedom House supports the Administrationsrequest for the DRC , which is similar to the FY10request but is 130% more than the FY10 estimatedlevels. Additionally, Freedom House applauds theincreases in requests for Mexico, Russia, Mali,Egypt , and Serbia over the FY10 requested levels.

Good Governance funding represents the largestshare of GJ&D funds and the largest proportionalincrease in the FY11 request. However, whenAfghanistan is removed, the request represents a

slight decrease from the FY10 request. It is a 10%increase over the FY10 estimated level andrepresents over a third of all GJ&D funding. WhileFreedom House recognizes the importance of building institutional capacity, programs directed atthe state alone without adequate support forcitizen-led demand for and oversight of accountable governance have not had significantimpact.


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19

Political Competition and Consensus-Building

Top Political Competition and Consensus-Building Recipients(in thousands of $)

FY11

Request

FY10

Request

FY10

Estimate


Request

PercentChange

From FY10

EstimateTotal PCCB 271,296 376,975 311,063 -28.03% -12.78%

Country

1 Afghanistan 50,000 90,000 25,032 -44.44% 99.74%

2 Iraq 30,000 32,000 50,500 -6.25% -40.59%

3 Pakistan 15,200 15,207 15,210 -0.05% -0.07%

4 Sudan 14,900 45,708 38,208 -67.40% -61.00%

5 Kenya 14,550 5,000 10,000 191.00% 45.50%

6 Nigeria 9,000 9,000 9,000 - -

7 Georgia 5,000 3,200 3,180 56.25% 57.23%

8 Bangladesh 4,700 4,700 4,700 - -9 Russia 4,395 3,500 3,570 25.57% 23.11%

10Democratic Republic of the Congo 4,000 4,950 2,950 -19.19% 35.59%

11 Zimbabwe 4,000 4,000 4,000 - -

12 Peru 4,000 5,000 5,000 -20.00% -20.00%

13 Somalia 3,550 5,500 4,550 -35.45% -21.98%

14 Nicaragua 3,134 6,500 3,332 -51.78% -5.94%

15 Liberia 3,000 4,610 4,610 -34.92% -34.92%

16 Nepal 3,000 4,175 2,000 -28.14% 50.00%

17 Jordan 3,000 4,000 5,000 -25.00% -40.00%18 Sierra Leone 2,500 0 0 - -

19 Uganda 2,500 3,500 3,000 -28.57% -16.67%

20 Serbia 2,180 2,738 2,180 -20.38% -

Afghanistan

18% Iraq11%

Pakistan6%

Sudan6%Kenya

5%

All Other54%

FY11 Political Competition andConsensus-Building Funding

The Political Competition and Consensus-Building (PCCB)category is primarily focused on political party developmentand election-related programming. PCCB funding receives a28% decline from the FY10 request and a 13% decline fromFY10 estimated levels, largely due to the completion of (flawed) elections in Afghanistan, as well as elections in Iraqand Liberia, and anticipated elections this year in Sudan.

The U.S. government must be able to provide adequate fundsbetween electoral cycles and be poised to respond tounexpected demands for elections and political processassistance thus the need for adequate funds for globalmechanisms managed by the Democracy and Governanceoffice of USAID.


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Civil Society

Top Civil Society Funding Recipients

FY11Request

FY10Request

FY10Estimate


Request

PercentChange

From FY10Estimate

Total Civil Society 550,488 608,864 639,560 -9.59% -13.93%

Country

1 Afghanistan 80,000 110,000 112,814 -27.27% -29.09%

2 Pakistan 65,200 65,207 65,210 -0.01% -0.02%

3 Iraq 32,500 57,000 85,500 -42.98% -61.99%

4 Sudan 18,497 14,156 14,156 30.67% 30.67%

5 Cuba 18,000 15,000 18,000 20.00% -

6 Russia 15,667 17,000 17,541 -7.84% -10.68%

7 Serbia 9,454 14,154 13,531 -33.21% -30.13%

8 Ukraine 9,182 10,521 10,459 -12.73% -12.21%9 Georgia 9,000 7,146 5,565 25.94% 61.73%

10 Egypt 8,500 7,000 8,500 21.43% -

11 Belarus 8,244 10,500 8,829 -21.49% -6.63%

12 Burma 8,140 8,140 9,140 - -10.94%

13 West Bank and Gaza 8,000 9,000 8,550 -11.11% -6.43%

14 Lebanon 7,135 5,500 5,577 29.73% 27.94%

15 Nigeria 6,000 3,200 3,200 87.50% 87.50%

16 Jordan 5,500 3,250 7,500 69.23% -26.67%

17 Armenia 5,393 6,400 5,855 -15.73% -7.89%

18 Kosovo 5,269 3,100 4,875 69.97% 8.08%

19 Azerbaijan 4,990 5,619 6,870 -11.19% -27.37%

20Bosnia andHerzegovina 4,543 3,925 4,571 15.75% -0.61%

Afghanistan15%

Pakistan

12%

Iraq6%

Sudan3%Cuba

3%

All Other61%

FY11 Civil Society FundingFreedom House is concerned that overall fundingto support civil society groups in the FY11 requestshows a 14% decline from the FY10 estimatedspending levels. As assaults on freedom of association are increasing worldwide, the US should

increase its support for civil society activities, and forefforts to improve enabling environments. Support forfreedom of expression should also have been accordedgreater prominence in the budget request. Congressshould allocate funds sufficient to meet theburgeoning threats to freedom of expression in bothnew and traditional media, in particular countries andat multilateral organizations.


27/94

21

84%

12%

2% 2%

FY11 GJ&D RequestSouth and Central Asia

Afghanistan

Pakistan

Bangladesh

All Others

Regional and Country Breakdowns

South and Central Asia

The South and Central Asia request for FY11 GJ&D funding is for $1.6 billion, and represents 53% of the total amount of GJ&D money requested (although it represents only 21.6% of the total foreign assistance requested for the region).

Over 95.97% ($1.57 million) of the GJ&D request is requested for programs in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Additionally,the Administration has requested that Congress appropriate supplemental funds for Fiscal Year 2010 for GJ&D fundingfor Afghanistan and Pakistan following the practice begun by the Bush Administration of funding the wars inAfghanistan and Iraq twice every year. Thus, the numbers for Afghanistan and Pakistan for FY10 will be higher than isreflected in the current FY10 estimates. (This section of the report will analyze the total, regional, and country requeststaking into account the FY 2010 Supplemental Request when appropriate.)

When Afghanistan-Pakistan funding is removed, GJ&D funding request for this region actually falls by $27.7 million.Most alarmingly, GJ&D funding for Central Asia continues to be reduced each year, including in FY11. The republics of Central Asia, including Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan represent someof the most repressive countries in the world. Recent events in Kyrgyzstan demonstrate that a U.S. policy of downgrading human rights and democracy to support short-term interests damages both the U.S. reputation andstrategic leverage in the region.


28/94


29/94

23

Governing Justly and Democratically Funding Comparison: With and Without Af-Pak(in thousands of $)

FY09Actual FY10Request FY10Estimate

FY10

SupplementalRequest FY11Request

FY11 ChangeFrom FY10

RegularRequest

FY11 ChangeFrom FY10Estimate (not

includingSupplemental)

FY11 ChangeFrom FY10Estimate

(IncludingSupplemental)

Total Governing Justlyand DemocraticFunding 2,702,037 2,814,129 2,663,132 989,000 3,332,961

518,832(18.44%)

669,829(25.15%)

-319,171(-8.74%)

Total Af-Pak GJ&DFunding 1,101,568 991,675 881,191 989,000 1,578,800

587,125(59.21%)

697,609(79.17%)

-291,391(-15.58%)

Af-Pak Percentage of Total GJ&D 40.77% 35.24% 33.09% 100.00% 47.37% - - -

GJ&D Without Af-Pak 1,600,469 1,822,454 1,781,941 0 1,754,161-68,293

(-3.75%)-27,780

(-1.56%)-27,780

(-0.02%)


Rights18%

GoodGovernance

67%


andConsensus-

Building5%

Civil Society10%

FY11 GJ&D RequestSouth and Central Asia


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24

Afghanistan Governing Justly and Democratically Funding(in thousands of $)

AfghanistanProgram Totals

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY10SupplementalRequest

FY11Request

Change

From FY10RegularRequest

Change FromFY10

Estimate(notincludingSupplemental)

Change From

FY10 Estimate(IncludingSupplemental)

Total ForeignAssistance 2,713,193 2,777,000 2,624,082 1,776,000 3,923,734

1,146,734(41.29%)

1,299,652(49.53%)

-476,348(-10.83%)

GJ&D Total 984,180 800,951 716,517 985,000 1,388,000587,049

(73.29%)671,483

(93.71%)-313,517

(-18.43%)Rule of Law andHuman Rights 220,500 210,362 186,103 225,000 248,000

37,638(17.89%)

61,897(33.26%)

-163,103(-39.67%)

GoodGovernance 514,180 390,589 392,568 760,000 1,010,000

619,411(158.58%)

617,432(157.28)

-142,568(-12.37%)

PoliticalCompetitionand Consensus-Building 177,499 90,000 25,032 0 50,000

-40,000(-44.44%)

24,968(99.74%)

24,968(99.74%)

Civil Society 72,001110,000

112,814 0 80,000-30,000(-27.27)

-32,814(-29.09%)

-32,814(-29.09%)

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

Rule of Law andHuman Rights

Good Governance Political Competitionand Consensus-

Building

Civil Society

Afghanistan GJ&D Funding

FY10 Estimate (without Supplemental)

FY10 Estimate (including Supplemental)

FY11 Request

Afghanistan is the single largestrecipient of GJ&D funding in theFY11 request, with more than 41%of the total. When comparing theFY11 request with the FY10

estimates, it appears thatAfghanistan has received almost a100% increase, however, thatnumber does not include therequested amounts for GJ&D inthe Administratio ns FY10Supplemental Request. When theSupplemental Request is addedto Afghanistans FY10 estimatedtotal, instead of a large increase,GJ&D funding for Afghanistandecreases by $313 million.

The Administration has said that it does not intend to request supplemental funds for Afghanistan, Pakistan, or Iraq forFY11. However, supplemental funding requests have been utilized for Afghanistan and Iraq spending since the warsbegan in 2001 and 2003 respectively, and large amounts of foreign assistance have been included in those requests.Therefore, it is possible that the numbers for Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq will be supplemented by an additionalFY11 request.

Afghanistan is the single largestrecipient of GJ&D funding in theFY11 request, with more than 41%of the total. When comparing theFY11 request with the FY10

estimates, it appears thatAfghanistan has received almost a100% increase, however, thatnumber does not include therequested amounts for GJ&D inthe Administratio ns FY10Supplemental Request. When theSupplemental Request is addedto Afghanistans FY10 estimatedtotal, instead of a large increase,GJ&D funding for Afghanistandecreases by $313 million.

The Administration has said that it does not intend to request supplemental funds for Afghanistan, Pakistan, or Iraq forFY11. However, supplemental funding requests have been utilized for Afghanistan and Iraq spending since the warsbegan in 2001 and 2003 respectively, and large amounts of foreign assistance have been included in those requests.Therefore, it is possible that the numbers for Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq will be supplemented by an additionalFY11 request.


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Pakistan Governing Justly and Democratically Funding(in thousands of $)

Pakistan ProgramTotals

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY10Supplem-

entalRequest

FY11Request

FY11Change

From FY10RegularRequest

FY11Change

From FY10Estimate

(not includingSupplemental)

FY11Change

From FY10Estimate

(IncludingSupplemental)

Total ForeignAssistance 2,305,866 1,582,000 1,457,872 344,000 3,053,600

1,471,600(93.02%)

1,595,728(109.46%)

1,251,728(69.47%)

GJ&D Total 117,388 190,724 164,674 4,000 190,80076

(0.04%)26,126

(15.87%)22,126

(13.12%)Rule of Law andHuman Rights 11,367 39,275 24,219 4,000 40,400

1,125(2.86%)

16,181(66.81%)

12,181(43.17%)

Good Governance 97,482 71,035 60,035 0 70,000-1,035

(-1.46%)9,965

(16.60%)9,965

(16.60%)PoliticalCompetition and

Consensus-Building 6,539 15,207 15,210 0 15,200

-7(-0.05%)

-10(-0.07%)

-10(-0.07%)

Civil Society 2,000 65,207 65,210 0 65,200-7

(-0.01%)-10

(-0.02%)-10

(-0.02%)

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

Rule of Law andHuman Rights

Good Governance Political Competitionand Consensus-

Building

Civil Society

Pakistan GJ&D Funding

FY10 Estimate (without Supplemental)

FY10 Estimate (including Supplemental)

FY11 Request

Elsewhere in South and Central Asiathe funding levels are comparativelysmall to the total for the region. SriLanka receives an increase of $1.3million, 37%, over both the FY10request and FY10 estimated level,mostly for its Rule of Law and HumanRights programs. Nepal receives adecrease in requested levels with aGJ&D request of $6.1 million, 54%less than the FY10 request, but an

increase of $2 million over FY10estimated levels. Turkmenistanreceives a decrease with a decline of $2.7 million, 46%, from the FY10estimated level.

Pakistan is the third-largest recipient of GJ&D funding for FY11 with a request of $190 million. This represents a16% increase over the estimated level of regular funding in FY10. Pakistan did receive a small request in the FY10Supplemental request of $4 million for Rule of Law and Human Rights Programs. Even when considering the FY10Supplemental request, Pakistan sees an increase in Good Governance and Rule of Law and Human Rights funding forFY11.


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Regional and Country GJ&D Funding for South and Central Asia*

(in thousands of $)FY09

ActualFY10

RequestFY10

EstimateFY10

SupplementalFY11

Request

Change FromFY10 Regular

Request


(not includingSupplemental)

AfghanistanNot Free (6,6) 984,180 800,951 716,517 985,000 1,388,000

587,049(73%)

671,483(94%)

BangladeshPartly Free (3,4) 20,530 23,762 23,262 0 24,602

840(4%)

1,340(6%)

IndiaFree (2,3) 1,000 0 0 0 0 - -KazakhstanNot Free (6,5) 5,097 5,000 4,189 0 4,189

-811(-16%) 0

Kyrgyz RepublicNot Free (6,5) 7,619 8,600 9,914 0 9,914

1,314(15%) 0

NepalPartly Free (4,4) 9,925 13,200 4,100 0 6,100

-7,100(-54%)

2,000(49%)

PakistanPartly Free (4,5) 117,388 190,724 164,674 4,000 190,800

76(.0004%)

26,126(16%)

Sri LankaPartly Free (4,4) 4,421 3,710 3,710 0 5,082

1,372(37%)

1,372(37%)

TajikistanNot Free (6, 5) 5,803 6,368 8,001 0 7,778

1,410(22%)

-223(-3%)

TurkmenistanNot Free (7,7) 3,001 4,700 5,860 0 3,163

-1,537(-33%)

-2,697(-46%)

UzbekistanNot Free (7,7) 3,425 4,000 3,481 0 3,480

-520(-13%)

-1(-.0003%)

StateDepartment SCABureau 648 2,450 1,752 0 2,050

-400(-16%)

298(17%)

* No USAID GJ&D funding was requested in FY 2011 specifically for the Maldives.

Sri Lanka: Although the war has ended in Sri Lanka, significant barriers remain to a free and peaceful society, andhuman rights abuses remain a problem.

Central Asian Republics: The Freedom in the World 2010 Report found that Central Asia, comprised of Kazakhstan,the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, remains one of the most repressive regions in theworld. Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are counted among Freedom Houses Worst of the Worst in terms of political rightsand civil liberties. 6 The Kyrgyz Republic declined from Partly Free to Not Free in 2009 and Kazakhstan registered adecline due to the arrest and subsequent prosecution of human rights activist Yevgenii Zhovtis as well as passing a

restrictive Internet law and using civil penalties to discourage free expression in the media.7

Given these troublingdevelopments, Freedom House believes that the funding allocated for GJ&D programming in these countries is notsufficient to adequately combat the rising repression. A 13% decrease in the request for Uzbekistan , for instance,sends the wrong message at the wrong time to that countrys totalitarian government . Freedom Houseencourages Congress and the Administration to refocus efforts in the region toward consolidating democratic gainsand fighting repression.

6 Freedom House, Worst of the Worst 2009 http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=383&report=81 7 According to the Freedom in the World 2010 Report
http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=383&report=81http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=383&report=81http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=383&report=81http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=383&report=81


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Western Hemisphere

(in thousands of $)FY09

ActualFY10

RequestFY10

EstimateFY11

Request

ChangeFrom FY10

Request

ChangeFrom FY10Estimate

TOTAL WESTERN HEMISPHEREFUNDING 2,161,242 2,366,498 2,360,187 2,147,402

-219,096(-9.26%)

-212,785(-9%)

TOTAL WESTERN HEMISPHERE

GOVERNING JUSTLY ANDDEMOCRATICALLY FUNDING 290,408 320,885 324,851 416,778

95,893(29.88%)

91,927(28.29%)


(87.06%)93,957

(53.08%)

Good Governance 75,310 92,994 84,281 100,9187,924

(8.52%)16,637

(19.74%)Political Competition andConsensus-Building 15,177 32,620 28,532 13,534

-19,086(-58.51%)

-14,998(-52.56%)

Civil Society 45,869 50,449 35,094 31,425-19,024

(-37.71%)-3,669

(-10.45%)

Mexico58%

Colombia

9%

Cuba6%

Haiti6%

Guatemala4%

All Others17%

FY11 GJ&D Requestby Country

Freedom House is pleased that the request for GJ&Dfunding for the Western Hemisphere (WH) increased witha request of $416 million for 2011, 29% over the FY10request. GJ&D represents 20% of the total WH ForeignAssistance request while WH funding represents 13% of

the total GJ&D request for FY11. Rule of Law andHuman Rights funding saw an 87% increase over theFY10 request with $270 million, and Good Governancesaw an increase of 9% over the FY10 request with $100million. Political Competition and Consensus-Buildingand Civil Society saw decreases from their FY10 requestsof 58% and 37%, respectively.

Mexico remains the Western Hemisphere regions largestrecipient of GJ&D funding with 58% of the total.Mexicos FY11 request of 207 million represent s a 130%increase over its FY10 request. Panama, Honduras, andEl Salvador all also received increases while Colombia,Haiti, Paraguay, and Venezuela experienced decreases.

The State Departments Western Hemisphere RegionalBureau received a 19% decrease in GJ&D funding, witha request of $45 million. USAIDs Central AmericanRegional Office received a request of $2 million forGJ&D, the same as for FY10. USAIDs Latin Americanand Caribbean Regional Office received a large increase

with a request of $2.1 million, more than double the FY10request.


Rights65%

Good

Governance24%


andConsensus-

Building3%

Civil Society8%

FY11 GJ&D Requestby Program Area


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Regional and Country GJ&D Funding for the Western Hemisphere*

(in thousands of $) FY09

Actual FY10

RequestFY10

Estimate FY11

Request

ChangeFromFY10

Request

ChangeFromFY10

Estimate

BoliviaPartly Free (3,3) 15,050 20,100 0 0

-20,100(-100%) -

ColombiaPartly Free (3,4) 47,550 32,643 50,500 32,300

-343(-1%)

-18,200(-36%)

CubaNot Free (7,6) 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 0 0

Dominican RepublicFree (2,2) 5,750 8,000 7,586 7,566

-434(-5%)

-20(-0%)

EcuadorPartly Free (3,3) 8,295 9,682 5,342 5,412

-4,270(-44%)

70(1%)

El SalvadorFree (2,3) 5,090 4,000 4,000 4,750

750(19%)

750(19%)

Guatemala

Partly Free (4,4) 15,970 14,995 12,300 13,000

-1,995

(-13%)

700

(6%)GuyanaFree (2,3) 1,600 2,000 2,000 2,000 0 0

HaitiPartly Free (4,5) 28,788 33,125 32,525 20,000

-13,125(-40%)

-12,525(-39%)

HondurasPartly Free (4,4) 6,494 11,864 9,493 12,364

500(4%)

2,871(30%)

JamaicaFree (2,3) 1,250 2,150 890 1,000

-1,150(-53%)

110(12%)

MexicoFree (2,3) 69,650 32,405 90,000 207,000

174,595(539%)

117,000(130%)

NicaraguaPartly Free (4,4) 8,001 16,071 9,348 9,118 -6,953(-43%) -230(-2%)PanamaFree (1,2) 1,000 1,000 1,500 2,000

1,000(100%)

500(33%)

ParaguayPartly Free (3,3) 2,800 4,000 5,487 3,805

-195(-5%)

-1,682(-31%)

PeruFree (2,3) 3,000 8,600 8,600 8,000

-600(-7%)

-600(-7%)

VenezuelaPartly Free (5,4) 5,000 6,000 6,000 5,000

-1,000(-17%)

-1,000(-17%)

Caribbean BasinSecurity Initiative - - - 13,713 - 13, 713

Department of State WH Bureau 40,220 79,500 56,280 45,650

-33,850(-43%)

-10,630(-18.89%)

USAID CentralAmerica Program 2,800 5,700 2,000 2,000

-3,700(-65%) 0

USAID LatinAmerica &Caribbean Program 2,100 6,000 1,000 2,100

-3,900(-65%)

1,100(110%)

*No USAID GJ&D funding was requested in FY 2011 specifically for the following countries: Argentina, the Bahamas,Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile, Eastern Caribbean, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and Uruguay.


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Andean Region: The Andean region is at a critical and challenging moment, with disturbing erosions of freedom of association and freedom of expression in many countries and a weakening of any mechanisms of democraticaccountability. The FY11 request for GJ&D in this region shows a disregard and downgrading of human rights anddemocracy.

Bolivia: The FY11 budget eliminates all GJ&D funding for Bolivia. (In previous years, requests for democracy andhuman rights funding in Bolivia ranged from $20 to $25 million.) T his is a reflection by the Obama Administrations

decision to accede to the demands of the Bolivian government to cut off all U.S. support for democracy and human rightsin exchange for allowing other development programs to continue. Freedom House believes that this policy decisionwas a major mistake for Bolivia, for U.S. interests and for freedom of association and international democracy andhuman rights efforts.

Venezuela : Freedom House is disappointed at the decrease in the request for Civil Society funding for Venezuela whichis $900,000 less than 2010 levels. Venezuelas Freedom in the World rating for Political Rights declined for 2009 from a4 to a 5 due to the adoption of laws designed to marginalize political opposition, including provisions that were rejectedby referendum voters in December 2007. This concentration of power in the hands of President Hugo Chavez must be metwith the US Governments continued support of civil society groups on the ground that promote and protect the humanrights of the Venezuelan people. Freedom House recommends that Congress allocate at least $5 million for CivilSociety programs in Venezuela.

Haiti: Freedom House is disappointed to see a decrease in the request for Haitis GJ&D funding request. Several criticaldemocracy and human rights programs were terminated abruptly last year. Freedom House is aware that theAdministration is planning on submitting a Supplemental Request for funds to assist Haiti in the aftermath of the January12 earthquake, and we urge the Administration and Congress to restore Haitis GJ&D funding . Haitis government hasbeen seriously crippled by the devastation and it is vital that the protection of human rights not be subjugated during thisdifficult time period.

Honduras: The GJ&D request for Honduras represents a 30% increase of FY10 estimated levels. Assistance for

Honduras comes in the wake of a democratic rupture in 2009, whereby President Manuel Zelaya was ousted with thesupport of the c ountrys legislature and Supreme Court. Money included in this request should assist in monitoring effortsleading up to the November 2012 primary election. Honduras has significant deficiencies in democratic governanceand respect for human rights, and the U.S. government has not put adequate emphasis in addressing thesechallenges in the past.


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Near East

FY09Actual

FY10Request

FY10Estimate

FY11Request

ChangeFrom FY10

Request


TOTAL FY11 NEAR EASTFUNDING 7,079,468 6,608,610 6,555,111 7,128,260

519,650(7.86%)

573,149(8.74%)

TOTAL NEAR EASTGOVERNING JUSTLY ANDDEMOCRATICALLY FUNDING 483,548 545,467 530,817 401,048

-144,419(-26.48)

-129,769(-24.45%)

Rule of Law and Human Rights 82,586 131,254 122,923 91,249-40,005(-30.48)

-31,674(-25.77%)

Good Governance 186,368 216,563 165,042 134,734-81,829

(-37.79%)-30,308

(-18.36%)Political Competition andConsensus-Building 59,291 65,000 73,725 56,235

-8,765(-13.48%)

-17,490(-23.72%)

Civil Society 155,303 132,650 169,127 118,830-13,820

(-10.42%)-50,297

(-29.74%)


Rights59%

GoodGovernance

13%


andConsensus-

Building20%

Civil Society8%

FY11 Near East GJ&D Funding

Governing Justly and Democratically Funding for the Near East for FY11 received an almost 25% decrease, with arequest of $401 million. However, when you remove Iraq, funding increased by $21 million over FY10 estimated levels,reflecting increases in Lebanon, Morocco , and the West Bank and Gaza and for the Middle East PartnershipInitiative (MEPI).

FY 11 Near East Governing Justly and Democratically Funding(in thousands of $)

Bahrain currently receives no GJ&D funding and the

requests for Jordan and Yemen each dropped from theirFY10 estimated levels. Additionally, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya receive no GJ&D money for FY11. IraqsGJ&D request went down 46% from FY10 estimatedlevels, with a request of $175 million. Freedom Houseunderstands this is a move toward giving Iraqis astronger hand in their own democratic future. We wouldurge close monitoring of the situation there as AmericanGJ&D assistance levels drop to ensure that democraticgains continue and that human rights are protected. It isimportant to note that Freedom in the World 2010 marked significant decreases in Political Rights and CivilLiberties across the region, with three countries, Jordan,Bahrain, and Yemen dropping from Partly Free to Not Free .

Freedom House is pleased to see that the request for the State Departments Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI)went up 45% with a request of almost $53 million, and urges that these funds be used to bolster civil society and arespect for human rights in the region.

The Near East Regional Democracy (NERD) Program, which is responsible for much of the programming intended forIran, received a request of $40 million, the same as its FY10 requested and estimated level. USAIDs Office of MiddleEast Programs (OMEP) received a 70% decrease from the FY10 request, which is reflective of the shift towardsrequesting most regional funding for MEPI.


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ActualFY10

RequestFY10

EstimateFY11

Request

ChangeFrom FY10

Request

Change FromFY10

EstimateAlgeriaNot Free (6,5) 0 800 380 0

-800(100%)

-380(100%)

EgyptNot Free (6,5) 20,000 20,000 25,000 25,000

5,000(25%) 0

IraqNot Free (5,6) 318,720 328,200 326,500 175,334

-152,866(-47%)

-151,166(-46%)

JordanNot Free (6,5) 24,300 16,000 22,000 16,300

300(2%)

-5,700(-26%)

Lebanon

Partly Free (5,3) 18,313 27,317 26,689 28,769

1,452

(5%)

2,080

(8%)LibyaNot Free (7,7) 1,000 0 0 0 - -MoroccoPartly Free (5,4) 5,000 10,650 7,248 10,650 0

3,402(47%)

TunisiaNot Free (7,5) 300 0 500 0 -

-500(-100%)

West Bank andGaza Not Free(6,6) 36,920 42,000 32,100 41,500

-500(1%)

9,400(29%)

YemenNot Free (6,5) 4,000 10,000 11,000 10,000 -

-1,000(-9%)

MEPI 25,900 48,500 36,400 52,9004,400

(9.07%)16,500

(45.33%)

NERD 25,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 0 0

OMEP 1,595 2,000 3,000 595-1,405

(-70.25%)-2,405

(80.17%)

Iraq57%

West Bankand Gaza

14%

Lebanon9%

Egypt8%

Jordan5% Morocco

4%

Yemen3%

FY11 Near East Fundingby Country

*No USAID GJ&D funding was requested in FY 2011 specifically for the following countries: Bahrain, Israel,Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates.

Regional and Country GJ&D Funding for Near East *


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Iraq: For FY11 there is a sharp decrease in the GJ&D request for Iraq. This decrease represents a 47% drop from theFY10 request and represents a shift in the Administrations assistance programs in Iraq away from Governing Justly andDemocratically programming and more towards security. While Iraq is certainly in a better position now than it was just afew years ago in terms of governance, it remains categorized as Not Free, is not an electoral democracy, and suffers fromcorruption at all levels of government according to the Freedom in the World 2010 Report. Freedom House urgesCongress to closely monitor the human rights and democracy situation in Iraq to ensure that as the U.S. reduces its

presence there that local institutions and civil society are equipped to continue to promote human rights and themove toward a stable democracy.

Yemen: The attempted terrorist attack on Christmas Day in 2009 thrust Yemen into the public eye and highlighted thedeteriorating security conditions there. Parliament and other political institutions are becoming increasingly marginalizedand political violence is increasing as the government faces opposition from rebels in the north and south of the country.The Administrations request for Civil Society funding in Yemen represents a $1 million decrease from FY10 estimatedlevels at a time when supporting governance and democracy programs should be a priority. Freedom Houserecommends that Congress allocate at least $3 million for Civil Society programs in Yemen.

Jordan: The Administrations request for Jordan for FY11 is about the same as their request for FY10; however irepresents a $5.7 million decrease from FY10 estimated levels. This comes amidst political turmoil as King Abdullahdissolved Parliament in 2009 and postponed elections until the end of 2010, further marginalizing an already weak legislature. Freedom House recommends Congress allocate at least $22 million in GJ&D funds for Jordan.

Egypt: Freedom House opposes the Administrations decision to suspend USAID funding to civil society groups in Egyptwho are not officially registered with the Egyptian Ministry of Social Solidarity. Such control contravenes the Fiscal Year2009 State and Foreign Operations Appropriations Act, which states: With respect to the provision of assistance for democracy, human rights and governance activities, the organizations implementing such assistance and the specificnature of that assistance shall not be subject to the prior approval by the government of any foreign country. FreedomHouse recommends that Congress restore U.S. assistance to all civil society groups.

Near East Regional Democracy (NERD): In the FY2010 State and Foreign Operations Appropriations Bill, $10 millionwas allocated under NERD to support internet freedom in repressive societies such as Iran. Freedom House isdisappointed to see no funding specified for internet freedom activities i n the Administrations budget and encouragesCongress to include at least $10 million for internet freedom under NERD.


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Africa

FY11 Governing Justly and Democratic Funding for Sub-Saharan Africa(in thousands of $)

FY09 ActualFY10

RequestFY10

EstimateFY11

Request

ChangeFrom FY10

Request


TOTAL FY11 AFRICA FUNDING 8,242,244 6,738,019 7,059,605 7,606,071868,052

(12.88%)546,466(7.74%)

TOTAL AFRICA GOVERNINGJUSTLY AND DEMOCRATICALLYFUNDING 263,765 346,920 305,622 348,886

1,966(0.57%)

43,264(14.16%)


(47.98%)29,195

(83.32%)

Good Governance 99,431 146,117 130,176 144,401

-1,716

(-1.17%)

14,225

(10.92%)Political Competition andConsensus-Building 89,022 100,546 93,488 71,927

-28,619(-28.46%)

-21,561(-23.06%)

Civil Society 39,612 56,848 46,917 68,32211,474

(20.18%)21,405

(45.62%)

AfricaFreedom House is pleased that the request for Sub-Saharan Africa increased for FY11 with a request of $7.6 billion,$13% more than the FY10 request and 8% more than FY10 estimated levels. Funding for Sub-Saharan Africa represents11% of total GJ&D funding for FY11, while it only represented 5% in FY10. However, given the challenges facing theregion, funding for GJ&D for Sub-Saharan Africa is still inadequate.

Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Togo all received notable increases over the FY10 levels, but theamounts requested for Angola, Guinea, Malawi and Zambia are insufficient and funding is eliminated for a number of countries including Cameroon and Madagascar.

The request also reflects the overall tendency to direct the majority of GJ&D funding to conflict states and states on theverge of elections, with Sudan, Liberia and DRC receiving the largest amounts in the region. (The $87 million requestedfor Sudan alone represents over 20% of the GJ&D request for the region.)


Rights18%

GoodGovernance

41%Political

Competitionand

Consensus-Building

21%

Civil Society20%

FY11 Africa GJ&D Funding


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Regional and Country GJ&D Funding for Sub-Saharan Africa*


Actual FY10

RequestFY10

Estimate FY11

Request

ChangeFrom FY10

Request

Change FromFY10

Estimate

AngolaNot Free (6,5) 4,390 8,914 8,914 6,490

-2,424(-27%)

-2,420(-27%)

BeninFree (2,2) 0 0 0 595 595 595BurundiPartly Free (4,5) 2,030 6,547 4,300 4,700

-1,847(-28%)

400(9%)

CameroonNot Free (6,6) 0 1,703 1,344 0

-1,703(-100%) -1,344

Cape VerdeFree (1,1) 0 0 0 700 700 700Central AfricanRepublicPartly Free (5,5) 250 0 0 0 - -

ChadNot Free (7,6) 3,000 600 473 600 0

127(27%)

Cote d'IvoireNot Free (6,5) 0 3,000 0 2,000

-1,000(-33%) 2,000

Democratic Republic of the CongoNot Free (6,6) 16,050 25,400 13,400 24,900

-500(-2%)

11,500(86%)

DjiboutiPartly Free (5,5) 1,000 600 1,542 600 0

-942(-61%)

EthiopiaPartly Free (5,5) 6,000 7,900 1,603 3,175

-4,725(-60%)

1,572(98%)

GabonNot Free (6,5) 155 0 0 0 - -GhanaFree (1,2) 3,000 5,000 3,000 6,600

1,600(32%)

3,600(120%)

GuineaNot Free (7,6) 2,576 7,139 8,639 5,527

-1,612(-23%)

-3,112(-36%)

Guinea-BissauPartly Free (4,4) 0 600 0 2,700

2,10

freedom house - presidential fy2011 budget analysis

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