Friday 9/20/13Friday 9/20/13

RAPRAP What do you think was the Roman What do you think was the Roman

Empire’s biggest achievement? Empire’s biggest achievement? Explain.Explain.

Today:Today:

1.1. Review reading notes on Rome.Review reading notes on Rome.

Ancient Rome Ch. 2.2—Ancient Rome Ch. 2.2—pages pages

Today:Today:– Read intro to Rome—take notesRead intro to Rome—take notes– REVIEW the first section of the Guided note REVIEW the first section of the Guided note

takertaker. . Bring to class everyday—if we have time you Bring to class everyday—if we have time you

can work on it, but you will need to read at can work on it, but you will need to read at home to finish it. home to finish it.

– Needs to be complete by Wednesday of Needs to be complete by Wednesday of next week.next week. ANCIENT ROME QUIZ NEXT WEDNESDAY!!ANCIENT ROME QUIZ NEXT WEDNESDAY!!

Friday 9/20/13Friday 9/20/13

EXTRA RAP EXTRA RAP Choose a teacher from your past, and Choose a teacher from your past, and

describe the positive influence she or he describe the positive influence she or he had on your life today.had on your life today.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE ROMAN EMPIREROMAN EMPIRE

Assume the role of scholarAssume the role of scholar In this activity, you will In this activity, you will assume the role assume the role

of a scholarof a scholar (learned person). (learned person). – After examining ten different After examining ten different

“accomplishments of Rome” through pictures “accomplishments of Rome” through pictures and descriptions of various aspects of Roman and descriptions of various aspects of Roman life, you will make a life, you will make a quick sketchquick sketch of each and of each and take notestake notes on them. on them.

– AfterAfter taking notes on each taking notes on each you will write a you will write a speech praising the legacy of these aspects speech praising the legacy of these aspects of Roman civilizations.of Roman civilizations.

Ancient Roman Ancient Roman Accomplishment NotesAccomplishment Notes

Make three columnsMake three columns in your note in your note book and 11 Rows.book and 11 Rows.

Make a Make a quick sketchquick sketch of the of the accomplishment in the first row.accomplishment in the first row.

Describe the accomplishmentDescribe the accomplishment in the in the second row.second row.

ExplainExplain how the how the accomplishment accomplishment affects people todayaffects people today, in the third row., in the third row.

ACCOMPLISHMENTSACCOMPLISHMENTSSKETCHSKETCH DESCRIPTIONDESCRIPTION AFFECTS AFFECTS

PEOPLE TODAYPEOPLE TODAY

System of laws; System of laws; twelve tables, twelve tables, etc.etc.

System of LawsSystem of Laws Early Roman law was written down and carved Early Roman law was written down and carved

on twelve tablets. Though these on twelve tablets. Though these Twelve Tables Twelve Tables of Lawof Law applied only to Roman citizensapplied only to Roman citizens, the , the tablets, as the picture shows, were hung in the tablets, as the picture shows, were hung in the Roman Forum for all to see. As the Empire Roman Forum for all to see. As the Empire expanded, these laws were combined with expanded, these laws were combined with other laws and customs. other laws and customs.

– The The laws were written down laws were written down as a code of justice that as a code of justice that would apply to all people.would apply to all people.

– According to Roman law, an According to Roman law, an accused person was accused person was considered innocent until he considered innocent until he or she was proven guiltyor she was proven guilty. .

– The principles of Roman law The principles of Roman law became the became the basis for many basis for many codes of law developed in codes of law developed in European countries and European countries and places—like Americaplaces—like America..

Latin LanguageLatin Language Latin was the spoken and Latin was the spoken and

written language of Romewritten language of Rome. . Many forms of literature—poetry, histories, Many forms of literature—poetry, histories,

fictional stories, and dramas—were written fictional stories, and dramas—were written in Latin. in Latin.

Latin could be understood throughout the Latin could be understood throughout the

Empire, and itEmpire, and it became the became the language of the Roman language of the Roman Catholic churchCatholic church. .

Latin greatly influenced the Latin greatly influenced the vocabulary of many languages. vocabulary of many languages. The English word “justice,” for The English word “justice,” for instance, comes from the Latin instance, comes from the Latin word “jus” meaning law.word “jus” meaning law.

This same Latin root is also found in the This same Latin root is also found in the French word “justice,” the Italian word French word “justice,” the Italian word “giustizia,” and the Spanish word, “justicia.”“giustizia,” and the Spanish word, “justicia.”

Spread of Spread of Greek IdeasGreek Ideas Roman life was heavily Roman life was heavily

influenced by Greek ideas and influenced by Greek ideas and cultureculture. .

Educated Romans Educated Romans learned the learned the Greek Greek language and studied language and studied Greek art, literature, Greek art, literature, philosophy, and philosophy, and architecturearchitecture. Romans . Romans developed Greek developed Greek architectural features, architectural features, such as columns and such as columns and arches, and used them arches, and used them in their buildings. in their buildings.

This picture of the Baths of Caracalla This picture of the Baths of Caracalla shows the use of the arch in Roman shows the use of the arch in Roman bath-houses. bath-houses. Visitors came to Visitors came to Rome to see the city’s Rome to see the city’s magnificent buildings, 37 magnificent buildings, 37 monumental gates, 500 monumental gates, 500 fountains, and 36 marble fountains, and 36 marble arches. arches.

Many Many visitors returned to their visitors returned to their own lands, and began to own lands, and began to imitate Roman and Greek imitate Roman and Greek styles in their own buildings.styles in their own buildings.

Spread of Spread of ChristianityChristianity In early Roman times, In early Roman times,

Christianity, a new religion, was Christianity, a new religion, was one of many religionsone of many religions. . – Christians were persecutedChristians were persecuted

(legally punished) because they (legally punished) because they refused to worship the Roman refused to worship the Roman gods and emperor. gods and emperor.

– Many Christians were tortured Many Christians were tortured and executed and became and executed and became martyrs (people who suffer or martyrs (people who suffer or die for their beliefs). die for their beliefs).

– Some were used as human Some were used as human torches, while others, as torches, while others, as pictured above, were sent to pictured above, were sent to the Circus Maximus arena to the Circus Maximus arena to battle and be devoured by battle and be devoured by lions. lions.

– The The attempts by Roman attempts by Roman authorities to eliminate authorities to eliminate Christianity backfiredChristianity backfired. .

– People in the Roman Empire People in the Roman Empire were so impressed by the faith were so impressed by the faith of the martyrs that they of the martyrs that they converted to Christianity in converted to Christianity in large numbers. large numbers.

– By By A.D. 395, Christianity was A.D. 395, Christianity was declared the official religion of declared the official religion of the Roman Empire and rapidly the Roman Empire and rapidly spread across the Roman world.spread across the Roman world.

Greater Greater Freedom for WomenFreedom for Women

In early Roman times, In early Roman times, women had few legal rightswomen had few legal rights. . As the roman Empire expanded, new ideas were included in the law that As the roman Empire expanded, new ideas were included in the law that

provided some protection for women. provided some protection for women. Women were given the right to own property, which helped them gain Women were given the right to own property, which helped them gain

other rights. For example, some Roman women owned businesses and other rights. For example, some Roman women owned businesses and some gained political influence in Rome. some gained political influence in Rome.

Above, we see a picture of a woman pharmacist. At home, many women Above, we see a picture of a woman pharmacist. At home, many women shared in household decisions and managed the family accounts. shared in household decisions and managed the family accounts.

Freedoms were given to women in new lands as people visited Rome and Freedoms were given to women in new lands as people visited Rome and brought back new ideas.brought back new ideas.

Development of the Development of the DomeDome Romans learned how to use Romans learned how to use

columns and archescolumns and arches from both from both the the Etruscans ad the GreeksEtruscans ad the Greeks, two , two groups that settled in Italy before groups that settled in Italy before Roman civilization developed. Roman civilization developed.

The The Romans Romans improved on design improved on design of arches by inventing the domeof arches by inventing the dome,, a roof formed by rounded arches. a roof formed by rounded arches.

Once Romans learned to use Once Romans learned to use concrete, they were able to mold concrete, they were able to mold the domes on the groundthe domes on the ground.. After After the walls and columns of a the walls and columns of a building were constructed, the building were constructed, the dome was hoisted into position dome was hoisted into position on the top of a building. This on the top of a building. This achievement allowed architects achievement allowed architects to build enormous structures to build enormous structures using domes. using domes.

Today Today domed buildingsdomed buildings, like the , like the Arizona State Capitol and Arizona State Capitol and Montana Capitol building shown Montana Capitol building shown here, here, appear in many parts of the appear in many parts of the worldworld..

Development of Development of AqueductsAqueducts The need for a water supply The need for a water supply

in cities led in cities led Romans to build Romans to build aqueductsaqueducts. .

Aqueducts, canal-like Aqueducts, canal-like concrete structures, concrete structures, brought water from springs, brought water from springs, wells, and distant lakes to wells, and distant lakes to people in cities. people in cities.

In order to supply drinking In order to supply drinking water to the Roman people, water to the Roman people, aqueducts tunneled aqueducts tunneled through mountains and through mountains and crossed valleys. crossed valleys.

Here we see an illustration Here we see an illustration of interconnected systems of interconnected systems of aqueducts in ancient of aqueducts in ancient Rome.Rome.

People became aware of People became aware of the need for cleanliness – the need for cleanliness – took back to their own took back to their own lands.lands.

Network of Network of Concrete RoadsConcrete Roads To improve transportation and To improve transportation and

help unify distant parts of the help unify distant parts of the Empire, Empire, Romans built highwaysRomans built highways. .

By the year A.D. 100, over By the year A.D. 100, over 250,000 miles of roads 250,000 miles of roads connected the cities of the connected the cities of the Roman empire. Roman empire.

These These roads were made of roads were made of heavy concrete blocks set in heavy concrete blocks set in layers of crushed stones and layers of crushed stones and pebbles.pebbles.

Like the Like the Appian Way, the Appian Way, the famous roadfamous road pictured here, pictured here, Roman roads were designed to Roman roads were designed to last forever. last forever.

The extensive Roman system of The extensive Roman system of roads and bridges roads and bridges made travel made travel faster in the days of ancient faster in the days of ancient Rome than it ever was again Rome than it ever was again until the development of until the development of railroads in the 1800’s.railroads in the 1800’s.

Military Military OrganizationOrganization As the Roman Empire expanded, it As the Roman Empire expanded, it

needed extra military protection needed extra military protection against invaders. against invaders.

To strengthen defenses, the To strengthen defenses, the Roman Roman government required all citizens government required all citizens who owned land to serve in the who owned land to serve in the armyarmy. .

The roman army was The roman army was divided into divided into units called legions. units called legions.

These groups were made up of These groups were made up of 6,000 heavily armed foot soldiers. 6,000 heavily armed foot soldiers.

Each Each legion was divided into smaller legion was divided into smaller units, called centuriesunits, called centuries, which could , which could be moved around quickly. be moved around quickly.

As a result, As a result, groups of Roman groups of Roman soldiers could easily split off from soldiers could easily split off from the main army and attack an enemy the main army and attack an enemy from all sidesfrom all sides..

The roman army – pictured here The roman army – pictured here storming a fortress-was built on storming a fortress-was built on cooperation and discipline. cooperation and discipline.

A Roman legion had to be able to A Roman legion had to be able to build a complete fortified camp in a build a complete fortified camp in a night, and was trained to-at the night, and was trained to-at the sound of a trumpet-take apart the sound of a trumpet-take apart the very same camp in a single night.very same camp in a single night.

Republican Form of Republican Form of GovernmentGovernment Rome’s form of government Rome’s form of government

influenced other societies. influenced other societies. In In 509 B.C., Rome set up a 509 B.C., Rome set up a

republic-a government in republic-a government in which citizens vote to which citizens vote to choose their leaders.choose their leaders.

By about 275 B.CBy about 275 B.C., no single class of ., no single class of people dominated the government. people dominated the government.

Rather, the government was partly Rather, the government was partly a monarchy (ruled by a king), partly a monarchy (ruled by a king), partly an aristocracy (ruled by nobles, as an aristocracy (ruled by nobles, as was the Roman senate), and partly was the Roman senate), and partly a democracy (government by the a democracy (government by the people). people).

In the picture above, we see a In the picture above, we see a Roman leader speaking in the Roman leader speaking in the Senate.Senate.

The Constitution of the The Constitution of the United States is based on United States is based on the Roman Republic’s the Roman Republic’s system of balancing the system of balancing the legislative, judicial, and legislative, judicial, and executive powers of executive powers of government.government.

EulogyEulogy You are going to write You are going to write an eulogyan eulogy for the Roman for the Roman

Republic.Republic.– Eulogy is a speech or piece of writing that praises somebody or Eulogy is a speech or piece of writing that praises somebody or

something very highly, especially a tribute to somebody who something very highly, especially a tribute to somebody who has recently diedhas recently died

TitleTitle:: Come up with something creative. Come up with something creative. Written for audience that knows Rome fell, but little Written for audience that knows Rome fell, but little

about its accomplishments and lasting contributions to about its accomplishments and lasting contributions to the world and the local community.the world and the local community.

Must contain the following elements:Must contain the following elements:– Section I:Section I: Highlight the legacies of the Roman EmpireHighlight the legacies of the Roman Empire. An . An

example may be “The Roman Empire has many lasting example may be “The Roman Empire has many lasting achievements.” achievements.” Discuss at least 5 achievementsDiscuss at least 5 achievements..

– Section IISection II:: Discuss the Discuss the ways in which the legacy of the ways in which the legacy of the Roman Empire influences the community todayRoman Empire influences the community today. It might . It might begin, “Today, the Roman Empire influences our community in begin, “Today, the Roman Empire influences our community in these ways.” these ways.” Provide at least 3 examplesProvide at least 3 examples..

Rest of classRest of class

Please read and fill in your note taker Please read and fill in your note taker on Ancient Romeon Ancient Rome– Ch. 2.2Ch. 2.2