From Compromise to Conflict

What events led to the division of the United States and the Civil War?

Sectionalism• Description: The North, South and

West had differing views on:

Tariff

Labor

States’ rights

• How did it lead to war?

The section controlling the gov’t (North, due to population) set policies (tariff) that angers the other (the South)

Cotton Gin 1793• Description: Eli Whitney’s invention quickly

cleans cotton• How did it lead to war?

- Increased demand for slaves

- South will fight any threat to

slave system

Missouri Compromise 1820• Description: To keep senate balanced- Missouri

admitted as a slave state, Maine as free- No slavery above 36-30 line

• How did this lead to war?- South is angry because they are left

with little territory

Underground Railroad 1830-1865

Description: Network of

slave routes to the North and Canada

- Led by “conductors”, such as Harriet Tubman

How this led to war:- Southerners felt the

North was stealing their property- Felt the government

was not looking out for the South

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry- 1859• Description: Abolitionist led

18 men to federal arsenal in VA

- Wanted to arm slaves for a massive uprising

How this led to war: - to Northerners he’s

a hero- to Southerners he’s

a criminal

Group Projects(:• Each sign (make it horizontal-use ink or

markers) must contain (to show on the Elmo):

1) Information describing the event and how it helped lead to the civil war

2) 1 - 3 pictures detailing the event with brief descriptions/captions

• Each member of the group is responsible for one portion of the final poster (1-2 writers and 1-2 illustrators/caption writers) Sign your names! <

Causes of the Civil War _______ pages in text1.Nat Turner 390-91; 4212.Comp. of 1850 440-41; 4463.Fugitive Slave Law 441-43; 4464.Uncle Tom’s Cabin 443; 4445.Kansas-Neb. Act446-47;450-516.Dred Scott 451-537.Election of 1860 457-498. Wilmot Proviso &

Free soil party 438-399. Lincoln-Douglas 453-54

debates

Nat Turner 1831

• Description:

-Turner was treated well by his master

- Learned to read

- Had vision & led revolt that killed over 50 whites

Rebellion • How this led to war:Showed northerners that slaves

were not happyHarsh laws and slave codes passed Pushed abolitionists to fight harder

Compromise of 1850

Description:

1) California=free state2) Popular Sovereignty

(people vote) to decide new areas of Utah-NM3) Slave Trade in D.C.

abolished4) Fugitive Slave Law is

strengthened

How this led to war:- Northerners outraged by Fugitive Slave Law- Southerners angry that CA upset balance in Senate- This solves nothing; everyone is unhappy

Fugitive Slave Law 1850

• Description: Part of Compromise of 1850- Required all northern citizens to help return slaves- Anyone found helping runaways could be fined/ jailed

• How this led to war: - Northerners angry at being forced to support slavery- Southerners come North looking for their property- North ignores the law, which angers the South

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852

• Description: Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, a white, northern woman

- Showed slavery as brutal and cruel-the North saw the horrors of slavery

- Simon Legree is an evil slave owner

• How this led to war:- Southerners said it was a lie and their slaves were treated better than factory workers- Changed opinion of many in the North- “the little lady who…made this big war”

Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854• Description: Organized

territory to encourage settlement- Popular Sovereignty (people vote) to decide slave or free

• Citizens of North and South move into Kansas so they can vote

• How this led to war:- Thousands of proslavery and antislavery settlers flock to the area

- When it came time to vote slave or free, people armed themselves to “persuade” others to vote their way

- “Bleeding Kansas” further divides the country

-Order is restored, but many die

Dred Scott Case 1857

• Description: Dred was a slave owned by an Army doctor who traveled often to the north.

- Dred said he was free because he had lived on free soil

The Supreme Court ruled: Scott, a slave, is NOT a citizen and

cannot sue Scott was property and property cannot

be taken away, anywhere… Congress could not prohibit slavery

anywhere

How this led to war: - This basically said slavery could

now take place in the North - Northerners were furious

Description: Many southern states threaten to secede if Lincoln is elected- 4 candidates runa. Douglas (Dem.)- Popular Sovereigntyb. Breckenridge (Dem.)- Slavery could exist anywherec. Bell (Dem.)- Slavery in South and Westd. Lincoln (Rep.)- Slavery must not spread

• How this led to war?- Lincoln wins with NO southern states voting for him (electoral college ruled by the north)- South feels powerless in the United States (North dominates congress and executive branch)- South Carolina secedes Dec. 1860, others follow

Wilmot Proviso & Free Soil Party

• Proviso stated: neither slavery or involuntary servitude shall exist in any part of the territory

• The House passed it, but the South had too much power in the Senate, and it was defeated

• This led to sectionalism• Anti-slavery northerners started the Free Soil

Party which supported the Wilmot Proviso

Lincoln Douglas Debates

• Campaign for senate

• Lincoln stressed the central issue was slavery in the West

• Douglas believed in popular sovereignty (states’ rights/let the territories decide)

• How it led to war?

• Central dividing issue