from nationalists to environmentalists

8/9/2019 From Nationalists to Environmentalists

1/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~5

B^@D OESH@OEJHWSW S@ IORH^@ODIOSEJHWSW==;6 K`ssjhin 58876 Ae~}i~

" êleo >==3(/ @oi `b sai `jciws ig`j`khgejjx newic d`ridiosw ho Jesho Edi~hge* sai

]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej d`ridios aew e gòshoy`yw ahws`~x ceshok negf s` sai dhc$

ohoisiio whqshiw/ Hsw gjehdw e~i bic nx e }`jhshgej* gyjsy~ej oeshòejhws$newic hci`j`kx

!Gògi}gho 58896 Ke~ge 58136 Cij$Rejji 5889(/ Sahw }e}i~ iq}eocw ò iqhwshok

fo`{jicki en`ys sai kj`nej iorh~òdiosej d`ridios nx b`gywhok ò sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios ywhok sai w`ghej d`ridios cirij`}dios sai`~x `b w}hjj`ri~/

@~hkhoejjx gògihric eoc cirij`}ic nx Dixi~ eoc [ahsshi~ !5883(* w`ghej

d`ridios w}hjj`ri~ iqedhoiw a`{ d`ridiosw ebbigs iega `sai~ rhe wiri~ej dieow `b

ch~igs eoc hoch~igs hosi~egshò eoc g`jjen`~eshò/ Ywhok uyejhseshri ~iwie~ga disa`cw `b

gòsios eoejxwhw* sai eysa`~ e~kyiw saes sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo oeshòejhws}~`$hoci}iociogi

d`ridios eoc sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios iq}i~hiogi e gòwhci~enji cik~ii `b


2/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~>

w}hjj`ri~* iw}ighejjx ho sai gesik`~x ~ijesic s` gaeokiw ho sai iqsi~oej iorh~òdios

egahiric nx òi d`ridios saes hobjyiogi wynwiuyios d`ridiosw/ Bhoejjx* sai hd}`~seogi

`b sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej d`ridios eoc sai ibbigshrioiww `b W`ghej D`ridios

W}hjj`ri~ sai`~x e~i ecc~iwwic/ Sai w}hjj`ri~ ibbigs sai`~x a`jcw s~yi ho sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios eoc hs aew còi w` sa~`yka`ys sai d`ridiosw ir`jyshò/

HOS^@CYGSH@O

Sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios hw iosi~hok e oi{ i~e/ E ~ioi{ic hosi~iws ho

ig`j`kx* gòwi~reshò* wywsehoenhjhsx* iorh~òdiosej lywshgi* eoc sai k~iio d`ridios

ho kioi~ej }i~diesiw ejj jirijw `b w`ghisx eoc hobjyiogiw iri~xsahok b~`d }`jhshgw s` cex$

s`$cex jhrhok/ Hs hw hd}i~eshri saes sai re~h`yw ws~eocw `b iorh~òdiosej egshrhwd ni nissi~

yoci~ws``c/ Iqedhohok sai ahws`~hgej whkohbhgeogi eoc wg`}i `b sai iorh~òdiosej

d`ridios }~`rhciw sai ~iwie~gai~ {hsa e nissi~ yoci~wseochok `b sai }~iwios$cex kj`nej

}e~echkd `b iorh~òdiosej `~keoh|eshòw/ Wiri~ej wga`je~w aeri wsychic sai }jisa`~e `b

oeshòej eoc g`ddyohsx `~keoh|eshòw saes defi y} {aes hw fo`{o ew sai kj`nej

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios !Gewsijjw 58816 Nijj 58816 K`ssjhin 58876 Aicws~d 58116

Fjhoi >==;6 Aeoohkeo 58896 Ae~}i~ " êleo >==36 Kycxoew 588>6 B`jec`~h >===(/ Sai

d`ws g`ddò s`}hgw iqedhoic ho saiwi wsychiw }i~seho s` oeshòej }`jhshgw* gyjsy~i* eoc

sai }~ic`dhoeos igò`dhg gjeww wseochok `b sai hochrhcyej jieci~w `b sai `~keoh|eshòw

eoc k~`y}w hcioshbhic {hsa sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios !Wii G`sk~`ri eoc Cybb 581=6

Gògi}gho 58896 eoc Jibb 5881(/ Sai b`gh `b d`ws wsychiw e~i ihsai~ ò sai `~hkhow eoc

cirij`}dios `b d`ridios egs`~w* `~ ò saih~ cid`k~e}ahg eoc gyjsy~ej defi$y}/ Saix

ejw` sioc s` b`gyw ò ihsai~ sai Y/W/ `~ Iy~`}ieo n~eogaiw `b sai iorh~òdiosej

d`ridios/ Ywhok sai w`gh`j`khgej }i~w}igshriw `bOi{ W`ghej D`ridiosw Sai`~x*


3/24


îw`y~gi D`nhjh|eshò Sai`~x* eoc ]`jhshgej @}}`~syohshiw Sai`~x* wga`je~w wyga ew

Gewsijjw !5881(* Jibb !5881(* G`sk~`ri eoc Cybb !581=(* eoc [`jbwò !5889( aeri

hcioshbhic eoc ciwg~hnic w`ghej d`ridiosw/ A`{iri~* saiwi ~iwie~gai~w aeri ne~ijx

s`ygaic ò sai ibbigs saes }~irh`yw eoc gòsid}`~eoi`yw w`ghej d`ridiosw aeri ò

}~iwios$cex iorh~òdiosej egshrhwd/

Sahw wa`~sg`dhok geo ni `ri~g`di sa~`yka eo iqedhoeshò `b e d`ridios saes

aew kioi~ejjx niio hko`~ic/ Sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej d`ridios hw òi `b sai

`jciws ig`j`khgejjx newic d`ridiosw ho Jesho Edi~hge/ Hs aew e gòshoy`yw ahws`~x ceshok

negf s` sai dhc$ohoisiio whqshiw/ Gyjsy~ej oeshòejhwd eoc w`ghej }`jhshgw !oò$

k`ri~odiosej }e~shweo }`jhshgw( e~i s{` hd}`~seos gae~egsi~hwshgw `b sai d`ridios

hcioshbhic nx }~irh`yw ~iwie~gai~w !Gògi}gho 58896 Ke~ge 58136 Cij$Rejji 5889(/

A`{iri~* o` wga`je~ aew xis iqedhoic eoc cisi~dhoic cibhohshrijx sai whkohbhgeogi `b sai

ibbigsw saes gyjsy~ej oeshòejhwd eoc w`ghej }`jhshgw aeri aec ò sai gòsid}`~e~x

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios `b sai hwjeoc/

Ho sahw }e}i~* sai ~iwie~gai~ {hjj wa`{ a`{ Dixi~ eoc [ahsshi~w !5883( W`ghej

D`ridios W}hjj`ri~ sai`~x hw sai d`ws e}}~`}~hesi eoejxshg s``j {hsa {ahga s` wsycx sai

cirij`}dios `b sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo !]/^/( iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/ Uyejhseshri ~iwie~ga

disa`cw {hjj ni ywic s` siws s` {aes cik~ii sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo Oeshòejhws ]e~sx eoc sai

hoci}iociogi]yi~s` ^hgeo jibs d`ridios aeri w}hjjic `ri~ s` g~iesi sai ]/^/

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/ W}ighbhg iqed}jiw `b w}hjj`ri~ {hjj ni chwgywwic nx iqedhohok

sai bh~ws iorh~òdiosej ws~ykkji ò sai hwjeoc ekehows `}io$gews dhohok/ Ecchshòejjx* sahw

}e}i~ cidòws~esiw sai hd}`~seogi `b iqedhohok o`s òjx sai w`ghej eoc }`jhshgej

gòchshòw `b e w`ghisx ho `~ci~ s` yoci~wseoc e w`ghej d`ridios* nys ejw` sai gyjsy~ej eoc


4/24


wyn$gyjsy~ej hd}jhgeshòw `b g`jjigshri egshòw saes hd}egs wynwiuyios {eriw `b egshrhwd

eoc `sai~ oi{ w`ghej d`ridiosw/ Sah~c* sahw }e}i~ {hjj ijyghcesi sai whkohbhgeogi `b

w`ghej }`jhshgw ho sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/ Hs {hjj iqedhoi e d`ridios saes d`~i

gj`wijx ~iwidnjiw {aes deox wga`je~w e~i gejjhok sai iorh~òdiosej lywshgi d`ridios/

Sahw d`ridios hw chbbi~ios b~`d s~echshòej iorh~òdiosejhwd {ai~i ws~ykkjiw e~i d`wsjx

ig`j`khgejjx$newic* `~* hoghciosejjx g`ddyohsx$newic !O`s Ho Dx NegfXe~c(* eoc e~i

sayw hoai~iosjx e}`jhshgej !Ae~}i~ " êleo >==36 ]ews`~ >==>6 Deww`j$Kò|jiw*

Eoc~`degai Làoohchw " Deww`j$Cix >==1(/

JHSIÊSYÎ ÎRHI[

W`ghej d`ridiosw e~i* ew ciwg~hnic nx K``c{ho eoc Lew}i~ !>==7(* e g`jjigshri*

`~keoh|ic* wywsehoic* oò$howshsyshòejh|ic gaejjioki s` }`{i~ a`jci~w* nijhib$wxwsidw*

}~egshgiw* eoc`~ eysa`~hshiw/ Saix e~i o`s eo iqgjywhri k~`y} `b oe~~`{$dhocic egs`~w*

nys ~esai~ e~i e g`jjigshò `b b`~dej `~keoh|eshòw* hob`~dej ois{`~fw* eoc yoebbhjhesic

hochrhcyejw iokekic ho e ws~ykkji b`~ gaeoki !Nyigaji~ 58876 DgGe~sax eoc \ejc 58;;6

D`~~hw 58136 Wsekkion`~k 58186 Dixi~ eoc [ahsshi~* 5883(/ W`gh`j`kx aew cirij`}ic

oydi~`yw sai`~ishgej }i~w}igshriw b`~ wsycxhok w`ghej d`ridiosw/ W`di e~kyi saes w`ghej

d`ridiosw e~i whd}jx e b`~d `b cirheos niaerh`~ {ai~i sai ~inijjh`yw esshsyciw `b òi

hochrhcyej `~ k~`y} `b hochrhcyejw hobigs `sai~ hochrhcyejw eoc k~`y}w g`d}ijjhok said

s` egs ekehows iwsenjhwaic w`ghej wxwsidw eoc nijhibw ho e w}òseoi`yw* iosaywhewshg eoc

g`jjigshri egshò !Cynho 5898(/ @sai~w* wyga ew sai Oi{ W`ghej D`ridios Sai`~hwsw*

e~kyi saes w`ghej d`ridiosw e~i sai ~iwyjs `b e gaeoki `b rejyiw* w`dishdiw how}h~ic nx

~ijeshri ci}~hreshò* saes w}y~ k~`y} hosi~iwsw ho jhbiwsxji hd}~`ridios !Wii G`sk~`ri eoc

Cybb 581=6 Cij$Rejji 5889(/ Wshjj `sai~w* wyga ew ]`jhshgej @}}`~syohshiw Sai`~hwsw*


5/24


chw}ysi saiwi sai`~hiw eoc wex saes w`ghej d`ridiosw e~i o`s di~ijx sai ~iwyjs `b }i~wòej

hosi~iwsw `b wijb$hd}~`ridios `~ w}òseoi`yw egshòw* nys ~esai~ iosehj ~eshòej niaerh`~

saes hw wynligs s` sai cighwhò$defhok gòws~ehosw hd}`wic ò ejj niaerh`~ !DgGe~sax "

\ejc* 58;;(/ Sayw* w`ghej d`ridiosw e~i wiio ew aerhok g`wsw eoc ~hwfw {ihkahok saih~

egshòw* eoc ho `~ci~ b`~ g`jjigshri egshò s` sefi }jegi* ~iw`y~giw oiic s` ni d`nhjh|ic

eoc g`$`}sic gòwòeos {hsa sai oigiwwhshiw `b sai d`ridios/ By~sai~ `}}`~syohshiw

hosioshòej `~ `sai~{hwi e~i }~`rhcic nx k`ri~odios ~iw}òwiw s` ~i}~iww `~ wy}}`~s e

d`ridios !DgGe~sax eoc \ejc 58;;(/

Sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios aew niio ecc~iwwic d`ws sa`~`ykajx nx ihsai~ Oi{

W`ghej D`ridiosw Sai`~x `~ ]`jhshgej @}}`~syohshiw Sai`~x/ Oi{ w`ghej d`ridiosw

`ggy~ ho }`ws$d`ci~o w`ghishiw ho {ahga egshrhwsw c~hrio nx }`ws$desi~hejhws rejyiw e~i sai

kyhchok b`~gi b`~ gaeoki !Wii G`sk~`ri eoc Cybb 581=6 Cij$Rejji 5889(/ ]`jhshgej

@}}`~syohshiw Sai`~x* gòwhci~w o`s òjx sai hosi~oej !dhg~`ws~ygsy~ej( begs`~w saes

hobjyiogi sai b`~deshò `b e w`ghej d`ridios* nys ejw` sai deg~`$gòsiqs gòchshòw*

wyga ew e }`jhshgej ~ikhdiw g~hwhw `~ iq}eowhò* n`sa `b {ahga geo }jex e ~`ji ho

iog`y~ekhok `~ chwg`y~ekhok d`ridios k~`{sa* b`~deshò* `~ cigex/ [ahji saiwi

sai`~ishgej e}}~ègaiw ahkajhkas wiri~ej `b sai gòchshòw eoc }aio`dioe saes oiic s` ni

iqedhoic s` yoci~wseoc sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios* saix dhww eo iwwioshej g`d}òios

saes hobjyiogiw g`jjigshri egshòoedijx* `sai~ }~irh`yw eoc gòsid}`~eoi`yw w`ghej

d`ridiosw/ W`ghej d`ridiosw* {aisai~ `~ o`s saix diis saih~ iq}jhghsjx wsesic kèjw*

aeri eo ibbigs ò w`ghisx* ò sai }~egshgiw* }i~w}igshriw* eoc `ysg`diw `b `sai~

d`ridiosw* ew {ijj ew ò sai jhriw `b egshrhwsw !Dixi~ eoc [hsshi~ 5883< >;;(/ Dixi~ eoc

[ahsshi~ !5883( ciwg~hnic sai hobjyiogi ò eoc nis{iio g`jjigshri egs`~w ew w`ghej


6/24


d`ridios w}hjj`ri~/ Saix sai`~h|i saes sai hciew* segshgw* wsxji* }e~shgh}eosw* eoc

`~keoh|eshòw `b òi d`ridios `bsio w}hjj `ri~ hsw n`yoce~hiw s` ebbigs `sai~ w`ghej

d`ridios !Dixi~ eoc [ahsshi~ 5883< >;;(/ Saix hcioshbhic b`y~ gesik`~hiw `b

d`ridios$s`$d`ridios s~eowdhwwhò< 5/ @~keoh|eshòej gèjhshòw* >/ @ri~je}}hok

w`ghej d`ridios g`ddyohshiw* 7/ Wae~ic }i~wòoij* eoc* 3/ Gaeokiw ho sai iqsi~oej

iorh~òdios egahiric nx òi d`ridios saes saio wae}i wynwiuyios d`ridiosw !Dixi~

eoc [ahsshi~ 5883< >;;(/ Sahw }e}i~ horiwshkesiw saiwi b`y~ gesik`~hiw eoc ciwg~hniw sai

cik~ii s` {ahga saix {`~f ho sai gewi `b sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/

Jiww saeo e aeocbyj `b wga`je~w aeri wsychic sai ir`jyshò `b sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios* wseshok saes o`s òjx hw hs hoci}iocios b~`d sai Y/W/ d`ridios

nys saes hs kehoic oeshòej whkohbhgeogi xie~w ie~jhi~ saeo d`ws `sai~ iorh~òdiosej

d`ridiosw b~`d `sai~ oeshòw !Gògi}gho 58896 Ke~ge 58136 Cij$Rejji 5889(/ Ho sai

Yohsic Wsesiw eoc Iy~`}i* wga`je~w de~f e chbbi~iogi nis{iio {aes hw fo`{o ew

iorh~òdiosejhwd eoc iorh~òdiosej lywshgi< Sai b`~di~ hw hcioshbhic d`~i gj`wijx {hsa

ig`j`kx eoc sai gòwi~reshò d`ridios6 sai jessi~ hw d`~i gj`wijx jhofic {hsa w`ghej

}`jhshgw eoc sai ch~igs w`gh`$}`jhshgej gògi~ow `b }i`}ji !Fjhoi* >==;(/ Iorh~òdiosej

lywshgi egshrhwsw yjshdesijx wiif s` esseho w`ghej lywshgi eoc wywsehoenhjhsx e cirij`}dios

d`cij saes hw newic ò jòk si~d }jeoohok b`~ sai }~`jòkeshò `b e uyejhsx `b jhbi

wynwseoshejjx nissi~ saeo `~ iuyej s` sai }~iwios* {ai~iho ig`wxwsidw eoc g`ddyohshiw geo

iqhws eoc wy}}`~s iega `sai~ g``}i~eshrijx hocibhohsijx !Ae~}i~ eoc êleo >==36 ]ews`~

>==>6 Deww`j$Kò|jiw* Eoc~`degai Làoohchw eoc Deww`j$Cix >==16 Lediw eoc Jeash

>==3(/ [ahji òi `b sai cibhohok gae~egsi~hwshgw `b Edi~hgeo iorh~òdiosejhwd hw sai

`~keoh|eshòw }`ws$desi~hej rejyiw !G`sk~`ri eoc Cybb 581=(* Jesho Edi~hgeo eoc


7/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~;

w}ighbhgejjx ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosejhwd ws~ex e{ex b~`d saiwi rejyiw eoc bejj d`~i

wyhsenjx yoci~ sai jenij `b iorh~òdiosej lywshgi/ Sai d`ws de~fic chbbi~iogi hw saes

]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej lywshgi hw o`s b`gywic ò e w}ighbhg g`ddyohsxw iq}`wy~i s`

gòsedhoeshò cyi s` saih~ j`{ igò`dhg wseochok* nys ~esai~ wsidw b~`d e d`~i a`jhwshg

gògi}syejh|eshò `b sai }~`njid ew nihok `b oeshòej wg`}i* {a`wi w`y~gi hw sai iqhwshok

g`jòhej wsesyw `b sai hwjeoc {hsa ~iw}igs s` sai Yohsic Wsesiw/ Ho sahw gòsiqs* sai gògi}s

`b OHDNX !O`s ho Dx Negfxe~c( hw n~ècioic s` e oeshòej wgeji !Ke~ge 58136 Cij$

Rejji 5889(/ Sai }~hogh}ej kèjw sayw hogjyci iorh~òdiosej lywshgi* ig`j`khgej

wywsehoenhjhsx* eoc oeshòej w`ri~ihkosx `ri~ sai deoekidios `b sai hwjeocw oesy~ej

~iw`y~giw/ Nigeywi `b hsw whokyje~hsx ew òi `b sai bi{ iorh~òdiosej d`ridiosw saes

ir`jric ho e g`jòhej w`ghisx* wga`je~w {a` aeri wsychic sai ]/^/ iorh~òdiosej

d`ridios wis hs e}e~s b~`d `sai~ d`ridiosw ew hoai~iosjx }`jhshgej ho hsw chwg`y~wi eoc

wg`}i !Ke~ge* 58136 Gògi}gho* 58896 Cij$Rejji 58896 Dòsei| eoc Dixo* 5818(/

Sahw d`ridios hw sayw gòwhci~ic {`~sax `b by~sai~ wsycx* w}ighbhgejjx s` cisi~dhoi sai

cik~ii s` {ahga g`jòhej }`jhghiw eoc eosh$g`jòhej ~iwhwseogi aeri hobjyiogic hsw

cirij`}dios/

CESE EOC DISA@CW

Gòsios eoejxwhw {ew ga`wio ew sai }~ibi~~ic disa`c !`ri~ wy~rixhok( b`~ sahw

wsycx nigeywi `b sai uyejhseshri oesy~i `b sai erehjenji cese/ D`ws `b sai cesyd hw

ahws`~hgej* eoc deox `b sai egshrhwsw saes {i~i hor`jric ho `~hkhoeshok sai d`ridios e~i

o` jòki~ ejhri/ Ecchshòejjx* shdi gòws~ehosw eoc jhdhsic byochok w`y~giw deci gòsios

eoejxwhw sai d`ws ibbigshri* igò`dhg ~iwie~ga disa`c/


8/24


Sai bhochokw }~iwiosic ho sahw }e}i~ e~i c~e{o b~`d b`y~ b`~dej hosi~rhi{w {hsa

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios jieci~w `b sai 2=w sa~`yka sai 8=w !~ig`~cic nis{iio

Cigidni~ >==1$Dex >==8(* eoc s{` xie~w `b c`gydios cese g`jjigshò !Dex >==;$Dex

>==8(/ Sai b`y~ b`~dej hosi~rhi{w !~ig`~cic Cigidni~ >==1$Dex >==8( {hsa d`ridios

jieci~w b~`d sai gios~ej d`yoseho ~ikhò eoc sai dis~`}`jhseo e~ie {i~i gòcygsic ywhok

sai wo`{nejj wed}jhok disa`c !Hosi~rhi{iiw {i~i ewfic s` ~ibi~ sai eysa`~ s` `sai~

d`ridios jieci~w `b sai 582=$588=w i~e(/ Ejj hosi~rhi{iiw {i~i s`jc `b sai oesy~i `b sai

wsycx eoc {i~i ewwy~ic eoòxdhsx/ Sai wo`{nejj wed}ji disa`c {ew ga`wio `ri~ `sai~

disa`cw `b cese g`jjigshò nigeywi `b sai jhdhsic jhsi~esy~i erehjenji s` sai }ynjhg en`ys

sai `~hkhow `b sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios* eoc nigeywi sai gòsegs hob`~deshò b`~ d`ws

d`ridios jieci~w {ew o`s erehjenji sa~`yka }ynjhg ~ig`~cw/ Sai ~idehoic `b sai cese

gòwhws `b `ri~ 71= oi{w}e}i~ e~shgjiw b~`d bhri del`~ oi{w}e}i~w saes {i~i oeshòejjx

chws~hnysic nis{iio sai cigeciw `b 589=$588=* {ahga e~i `~keoh|eshòw bjxi~w eoc c`gydios

}~`}ekeoce !wyga ew }~iww ~ijiewiw(* 52 iwwexw b~`d d`ridios egshrhwsw ~ijesic s` sai

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios }ynjhwaic ho egshrhws deke|hoiw eoc`~ hoci}iociosjx

}ynjhwaic* eoc 53 s~eowg~hnic g`ddyohgeshòw !hosi~rhi{w* i$dehjw* jissi~w* isg/( b~`d

d`ridios egshrhwsw* ejj nijòkhok s` sai 582=w$588=w }i~h`c `b iorh~òdiosej egshrhwd/

Ecchshòej c`gydiosw !g`ddyohgeshòw eoc iwwexw( b~`d sai 588=w$>==; }i~h`c `b

iorh~òdiosej egshrhwd {i~i hogjycic ho sai cese eoejxwhw/ Ejj {~hssio c`gydiosw {i~i

g`jjigsic nis{iio Dex >==;$Dex >==8/ Iega c`gydios {ew ewwiwwic nx iqedhohok saih~

`ri~ejj saidiw/ O`shgi ejj b`y~ gesik`~hiw geo ni }~iwios ho e whokji c`gydios* sayw sai

wyd `b gesik`~hiw dex o`s ni iuyej s` sai wyd `b c`gydiosw iqedhoic/


9/24


Sai cese {ew ewwiwwic ywhok sai b`y~ gesik`~hiw saes cisi~dhoi d`ridios$

d`ridios s~eowdhwwhò ew iwsenjhwaic nx Dixi~ " [ahsshi~ !5883(/ Saiwi gesik`~hiw e~i

hcioshbhic ew< 5/ @~keoh|eshòej gèjhshòw* >/ @ri~je}}hok w`ghej d`ridios

g`ddyohshiw* 7/ Wae~ic }i~wòoij* eoc 3/ Gaeokiw ho sai iqsi~oej iorh~òdios

egahiric nx òi d`ridios saes saio wae}i wynwiuyios d`ridiosw !>;;(/

@~keoh|eshòej gèjhshòw e~i hcioshbhic nx Dixi~ " [ahsshi~ !5883( ew g`jjen`~eshòw

saes `~keoh|eshòw b~`d chbbi~ios w`ghej d`ridiosw {hsa chbbi~ios kèjw eoc segshgw defi

es gi~seho wsekiw ho sai cirij`}dios `b e d`ridios/ Saix geo g`di s`kisai~* ywyejjx ho

deww }~`siws* s` wae~i saih~ gòwshsyiogx* iqgaeoki hob`~deshò en`ys k`ri~odios

~i}~iwwhò `~ e}}~`rej `b d`ridios egshòw* eoc g`jjigshrijx egs ho w`jhce~hsx `b e

d`ridios `~ ws~ykkji {ai~i saix wii sai `}}`~syohsx s` }ywa b`~{e~c saih~ kèjw `~

rejyiw/ @ri~je}}hok w`ghej d`ridios g`ddyohshiw e~i g`d}`wic `b d`ridios

egshrhwsw eoc yoebbhjhesic }~`k~iwwhri hochrhcyejw {a` }e~shgh}esi ho }~`siwsw `~

`~keoh|eshòw nijòkhok s` chbbi~ios w`ghej d`ridiosw !Dixi~ " [hsshi~ 5883(/ Sahw

`ri~je}}hok egshrhwd jiecw egshrhwsw s` eww`ghesi {hsa hochrhcyejw ho `sai~ d`ridiosw

g~ieshok e w}hjj`ri~ `b rejyiw* segshgw* `~ }i~wòoij b~`d òi d`ridios s` sai `sai~/

Wae~ic }i~wòoij e~i d`ridios jieci~w saes nijòkic s` eo ie~jhi~ d`ridios eoc saio

nigedi jieci~w ho sai wynwiuyios d`ridios !Dixi~ " [hsshi~ 5883(/ Sahw hw eo`sai~

w`y~gi `b w}hjj`ri~/ Bhoejjx* gaeokiw ho sai iqsi~oej iorh~òdios egahiric nx òi

d`ridios saes saio wae}i wynwiuyios d`ridiosw e~i sa`wi gaeokiw ho }`jhgx* rejyiw*

`~ w`ghej egshrhwd saes e~i }i~g`jesic hos` sai kioi~ej w`ghisx eoc ihsai~ jhdhs `~ `}io

w}egi ho sai w`gh`$}`jhshgej iorh~òdios sa~`yka {ahga oi{ d`ridios idi~ki !Dixi~ "

[hsshi~ 5883(/


10/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~5=

Ecchshòej eoejxwhw `b sai cesyd {ew wy}}jidiosic b~`d b`y~ xie~w !>==>$>==2(

`b }e~shgh}eos `nwi~reshò ew eo iorh~òdiosej egshrhws ho bhri chbbi~ios ws~ykkjiw ho ]yi~s`

^hg`* eoc s{` xie~w !>==3$>==2( `b }e~shgh}eos `nwi~reshò ew e r`jyosii~ {`~fi~ b`~

sa~ii chbbi~ios iorh~òdiosej `~keoh|eshòw/ Cy~hok sai b`y~ xie~w `b }e~shgh}eos

`nwi~reshò* sai eysa`~ }e~shgh}esic ho re~h`yw }~`siwsw ho sai o`~sa !dis~`}`jhseo(*

o`~saiewsi~o* eoc gios~ej !~y~ej( e~iew `b sai hwjeoc5/

ÎWYJSW EOC CHWGYWWH@O

Sai~i hw irhciogi `b w}hjj`ri~ b~`d sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo hoci}iociogi d`ridios s`

sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/ @ri~ 91) `b sai jhsi~esy~i iqedhoic

cidòws~esic irhciogi b`~ es jiews òi `b sai b`y~ gesik`~hiw saes cisi~dhoi d`ridios$

s`$d`ridios s~eowdhwwhò ew iwsenjhwaic nx Dixi~ " [ahsshi~ !5883(/ B`~sx$s{` }i~gios

`b sai oi{w e~shgjiw cidòws~esic o` w}hjj`ri~/ Sai d`ws b~iuyiosjx o`sic gesik`~x ho sai

jhsi~esy~i {ew gaeokiw ho sai iqsi~oej iorh~òdios {hsa e s`sej `b 57> c`gydiosw

hcioshbhic ew defhok dioshò `b sai ibbigsw `b oeshòejhwd `~ hoci}iociogi egshrhwd ò

sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios !senji 5(/ Sai b`jj`{hok iqgi~}sw b~`d òi b sai

hosi~rhi{w eoc òi d`ridios iwwex nx sai Eosh$Hd}i~hejhws îr`jyshòe~x B~òs !BÊH(

5D`ridios`~keoh|eshòwhogjyci>==3(6]yi~s`~~huyi`w}`~]yi~s`^hg !>==3(6]jexew]ej]yinj !>==9>==2(6G`dyohceccij]jeos`!>==9(/

O`~saiewsi~oe~ie==3>==2(6Gèjhgho}~`G`~~ic`~

Ig`jkhg`cijO`~iwsi!>==9>==2(/]hòiwwiHosik~e!>==2(/

Gios~ej~y~eje~ie==7>==2(/


11/24


shsjic Oesy~ej îw`y~giw eoc Iorh~òdiosej G`jòhejhwd b~`d 58;; wi~ri ew iqed}jiw

`b sahw gesik`~x

Ho sai ws~esikx `b Edi~hgeo hd}i~hejhwd sai }hjjeki `b `y~ oesy~ej

~iw`y~giw hw òi `b hsw deho `nligshriw VT O`{* {hsa sai chwg`ri~x `b rejyenji

oò$~ioi{enji dhoi~ejw VsaiT hd}i~hejhws r`~egh`ywoiww }~isiocw s` sefi* nhs nx

nhs* `y~ d`sai~jeoc g`d}jisijx cirewseshok sai jeoc/

Sahw gesik`~x {ew d`ws }~irejios ho sai G`ddyohgeshòw k~`y}* {ai~i ejj `b sai b`y~

hosi~rhi{w eoc d`ws `b sai i$dehjw eoc beqiw deci dioshò `b a`{ sai hoci}iociogi

d`ridios wae}ic sai gòchshòw yoci~ {ahga sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios {ew n`~o/

Sai oiqs d`ws b~iuyios gesik`~x {ew `ri~je}}hok w`ghej d`ridios g`ddyohshiw

{hsa `ri~ 558 c`gydiosw cidòws~eshok sahw sx}i `b w}hjj`ri~* d`ws `b {ahga {i~i b`yoc

ho sai oi{w e~shgjiw k~`y} !senji 5(/ Sai b`jj`{hok iqgi~}s b~`d sai oi{w}e}i~ Gje~hcec*

Lyjx 9sa `b 58;=* cidòws~esiw sahw gesik`~xEysa`~hosi~rhi{w*Dex*>==8


12/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~5>

!Sai ~idehohok gesik`~x s`sejw `b sai wsycx geo ni wiio ho senji 5/ G`ddiosw ò sai

cirij`}dios `b sai bh~ws iorh~òdiosej ws~ykkji ho ]yi~s` ^hg` eoc ~ijireos cisehjic

iqed}jiw `b sai w}hjj`ri~ gesik`~hiw {hjj ni chwgywwic ho sai wynwiuyios wigshòw `b sahw

}e}i~/(

Senji 5< B~iuyiogx senji `b Dixi~ " [ahsshi~w !5883( W`ghej D`ridios W}hjj`ri~gesik`~hiw b`yoc ho sai gòsios eoejxwhw/

Oi{w

E~shgjiw Iwwexw

D`ridios

Aeoc`ysw G`ddyohgeshòw S`sejw

Gaeokiw ho sai

iqsi~oej

iorh~òdios

8; 57 5> 5= 57>

@~keoh|eshòej

gèjhshòw

33 9 9 ; 25

Wae~ic }i~wòoij 19 53 > 9 5=2

@ri~je}/ W`g/

D`ridios

G`ddyohshiw

81 5> 7 2 558

O` w}hjj`ri~ 51= = = = 51=

S`sej c`gydiosw 711 52 5> 53 37=

Ciw}hsi sai begs saes òjx 91) `b sai c`gydiosw wa`{ic irhciogi `b e w}hjj`ri~

ibbigs sahw }i~gioseki hw `b whkohbhgeogi nigeywi deox `b sai e~shgjiw saes chc o`s dioshò

eox w}hjj`ri~ {i~i o`s eoejxwiw `~ g`ddiose~x ò sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios* nys

~esai~ {i~i hob`~dhok sai }ynjhg en`ys ki`k~e}ahg* wghioshbhg* `~ }`jhgx begsw ~ijesic s`

sai re~h`yw iorh~òdiosej ws~ykkjiw/ Nigeywi saiwi e~shgjiw chc o`s defi e ch~igs dioshò

`b sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios* eoc nigeywi sai disa`c `b ewwiwwdios òjx j``fic es

iq}jhghs ~esai~ saeo hd}jhghs saidiw ho sai cese* saiwi e~shgjiw g`yjc o`s ni iqedhoic s`

saih~ byjj iqsios !Wii Cese eoc Disa`cw E}}iochq(/

S` by~sai~ ijyghcesi* sai eysa`~ {hjj o`{ khri w}ighbhg iqed}jiw `b w}hjj`ri~ ho

sai bh~ws iorh~òdiosej ws~ykkji `b ]yi~s` ^hg`< Sai dhohok ws~ykkji !5892$5882(/


13/24


]YI^S@ ^HGEO IORH^@ODIOSEJHWD

@ri~ bhri ayoc~ic xie~w `jc* ]yi~s` ^hg` hw òi `b sai `jciws g`jòhiw jibs ho sai

{`~jc/ W`ghisx eoc }`jhshgw e~i hdnyic {hsa sai gòs~`ri~wx `b sai g`jòhej wsesyw `b sai

hwjeoc/ Sai~ib`~i* hs hw o` eo`dejx saes sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios* {ahga wse~sic ho sai

ie~jx s` dhc$whqshiw* hw eo hoai~iosjx }`jhshgej d`ridios eoc aew jòk$aijc shiw {hsa sai

hoci}iociogi eoc oeshòejhws d`ridios `b sai >=sa giosy~x !Ke~ge 58136 Gògi}gho

58896 Cij$Rejji 58896 Dòsei| eoc Dixo 5818(/ Sahw hw sai ~iwyjs `b sai rhgs`~hiw eoc

c`{obejjw `b sai hoci}iociogi d`ridios ekehows sai iwsenjhwaic k`ri~odios* eoc sai

gaeokiw sahw d`ridios iokioci~ic ho sai iqsi~oej iorh~òdios `b sai kioi~ej ]yi~s`

^hgeo gyjsy~i/

GAEOKIW HO SAI IQSIÔEJ IORH^@ODIOS EGAHIRIC NX @OI

D@RIDIOS SAES SAIO EBBIGS WYNWIUYIOS D@RIDIOSW/

W`ghej d`ridiosw e~i o`s ywyejjx whokyje~ }aio`dioe saes iqhws hoci}iociosjx

b~`d òi eo`sai~/ Sai segshgw* gaeokiw ho }`jhgx* eoc sai rejyiw g`ddyohgesic s` w`ghisx

nx e d`ridios* ni saes cyi s` hsw s~hyd}a `~ c`{obejj* geo ebbigs `sai~ gòsid}`~e~x eoc

wynwiuyios d`ridiosw/ Sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo hoci}iociogi d`ridios aew o`s niio enji s`

diis hsw iq}jhghsjx wsesic kèjw `b oeshòej hoci}iociogi6 a`{iri~* deox `b hsw rejyiw*

segshgw* eoc `~keoh|eshòej ws~ygsy~iw aeri w}hjjic `ri~ hos` wynwiuyios d`ridiosw eoc

hos` sai dehows~ied gyjsy~i/ Hs hw e d`ridios saes e}sjx bhsw sai ciwg~h}shò `b sai

sai`~ishgej gjewwhbhgeshò `b gaeokiw ho sai iqsi~oej iorh~òdios !Dixi~ " [ahsshi~

5883(/

Sai hd}egs `b ]yi~s` ^hgeo hoci}iocioshwd` !}~`$hoci}iociogi( hw wiio es

ejd`ws ejj jirijw `b w`ghisx eoc hw irhcios ho sai gyjsy~i/ Sai k`ri~odiosw ~iw}òwi s`

sai ~igejghs~eos oesy~i `b sai deox }~`$hoci}iociogi dhjhseos k~`y}w howshjjic eo


14/24


ednhiogi `b chws~yws b`~ sai k`ri~odios howhci egshrhws gh~gjiw* eoc g~iesic e bie~ edòk

sai kioi~ej }`}yjegi `b sai jenij hoci}iocioshwse hoci}iociogi wy}}`~si~ cyi s` sai

d`ridiosw ~i}~iwwhò/ Sai 589=w hw gòwhci~ic ew òi `b sai d`ws egshri cigeciw `b

~i}~iwwhò ekehows hoci}iocioshwsew/ Sai Oeshòejhws ]e~sx ke~oi~ic {hci$w}~iec

oeshòej wy}}`~s cy~hok sai 7=w eoc 3=w {ahga jiec eo howy~~igshò ho sai Gios~ej

D`yoseho ~eoki ho 589=/ Sahw `ggy~~ic ho gògi~s {hsa essid}sw s` ewwewwhoesi }~iwhcios

S~ydeo eoc sai wa``shok `b wiri~ej gòk~iwwdio ho sai 5893 essegf ò sai A`ywi `~

î}~iwioseshriw nx oeshòejhwsw !Dejcòec` 5828(/ Saiwi egshòw g`d}ijjic sai ]yi~s`

^hgeo k`ri~odios s` e~~iws* fhjj* eoc ae~eww sa`wi hor`jric {hsa sai hoci}iocioshwsew

eoc s` dehoseho e }~`k~ed `b w}xhok eoc }i~wigyshò `b sa`wi {a` wy}}`~sic sai }~`$

hoci}iociogi d`ridios/ Hs {ew ho sahw gjhdesi `b chws~yws* ~i}~iwwhò eoc ~inijjhò saes

sai wiicw `b sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios {i~i ki~dhoesic/

Ho eo i~e `b ~i}~iwwhò* chwgòsios* eoc sai rh~syej chww`jyshò `b sai Oeshòejhws

]e~sx* sai j`gej k`ri~odios whkoic eo ek~iidios {hsa sai Yohsic Wsesiw saes k~eosic

]yi~s` ^hg` g`ddò{iejsa wsesyw/ J`gejjx fo`{o ew sai B~iijx Eww`ghesic Wsesi

!IJE(* sahw oi{ wsesyw keri sai hwjeoc d`~i j`gej k`ri~ohok }`{i~w nys ciohic hs

w`ri~ihkosx ho hsw ~ijeshòwah} {hsa `sai~ oeshòw/ @}i~egho Deo`w e je @n~e

!@}i~eshò N``sws~e}(* {ew e }~`k~ed `b seq iqid}shò ciwhkoic s` ess~egs b`~ihko

!d`wsjx YW( ge}hsej horiwsdios s` sai hwjeoc eoc ~irhri e waegfjic igò`dx !Gògi}gho

5889(/ @}i~eshò N``sws~e} }~`rhcic hogioshriw oigiwwe~x s` }`jjyseos$aierx g`d}eohiw

s` iwsenjhwa saidwijriw ò sai hwjeoc yoci~ sai ewwyd}shò saes saix {`yjc }~`rhci d`~i

l`nw< ew e gòwiuyiogi* sai }`jhgx jic s` sai cisi~h`~eshò `b sai iorh~òdiosej uyejhsx `b

deox s`{ow eoc ig`wxwsidw/ Saiwi }`jhgx gaeokiw* how}h~ic ho }e~s nx sai howh}hc gjehdw


15/24


`b sai hoci}iociogi d`ridios b`~ k~iesi~ igò`dhg eoc }`jhshgej eysò`dx* wis sai wseki

b`~ sai oiqs bhbsx xie~w `b Y/W/ ~yji ò sai hwjeoc eoc e~i gj`wijx jhofic s` sai idi~kiogi

`b sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/

Ho 5892 Edi~hgeo Disej Gjhdeq !EDEQ( eoc Fiooig`ss G`}}i~ dhohok ~igihric

iq}j`~eshò }i~dhsw s` wie~ga b`~ dhoi~ej eoc `~keohg ~iw`y~giw ho ]yi~s` ^hg`/ Saiwi

g`d}eohiw w`ykas ci}`whsw `b g`}}i~* k`jc* eoc whjri~* {ahga {i~i b`yoc ho sai Gios~ej

D`yoseho îkhò s`{ow `b Je~iw* Ysyec` eoc Eclyosew/ Sai iq}j`~eshòw* eoc sai ~iwyjsw

`b sai wsychiw saidwijriw* {i~i fi}s wig~is yoshj 5823 {aio Reokye~che ]`}yje~* e jibs$

jieohok wyn$k~`y} `b sai ]`}yje~ Cid`g~eshg ]e~sx !ho }`{i~ whogi 583=( aie~c en`ys sai

horiwshkeshòw nx gaeogi eoc iq}~iwwic }ynjhg gògi~o en`ys sai dhohok hwwyi

!Gògi}gho 5889(/ Sai chwg`ri~x `b sai dhoiw deci sai }i`}ji gaejjioki sai hwjeocw

ci}iociogi ò sai Yohsic Wsesiw/ Hs gòs~echgsic sai hci`j`kx saes lywshbhic g`jòhej ~yji

nigeywi `b sai hwjeocw jegf `b ~iw`y~giw ew ecr`gesic nx ]ic~ih~e !5873(* eoc how}h~ic e

~iwy~kiogi `b oeshòejhws wioshdios* {ahga wiri~ej c{hocjhok }~`$hoci}iociogi

`~keoh|eshòw s``f ecreoseki `b s` }~`d`si saih~ kèjw `b w`ghej eoc }`jhshgej gaeoki/

@^KEOH\ESH@OEJ G@EJHSH@OW

@~keoh|eshòw {hsa chbbi~ios kèjw eoc dhwwhòw b~`d shdi s` shdi {hjj g`di

s`kisai~ eoc g`jjen`~esi s` {e~c `bb {aes hw wiio ew eo hd}iochok }~`njid saes dyws ni

ciejs {hsa ho `~ci~ b`~ said s` gòshoyi s` }ywa b`~{e~c saih~ `{o kèjw !Dixi~ "

[ahsshi~ 5883(/ Saix dhkas ejw` g`di s`kisai~ s` wa`{ saih~ e}}~`rej `~ chwe}}~`rej `b e

w}ighbhg hwwyi saes ~iwòesiw {hsa saih~ `{o hci`j`khgej wseogiw/ Hs hw es saiwi d`diosw `b

gòwòeogi saes e dijshok$}`s `b segshgej ~i}i~s`h~iw g`di s`kisai~* eoc `~keoh|eshòw


16/24


wae~i {hsa òi eo`sai~ saih~ iq}i~hiogiw* {hsa k`ri~odios e}}~`rej `~ ~i}~iwwhò/

Egshrhwsw ejw` hosi~egs {hsa `sai~ egshrhwsw b~`d chbbi~ios d`ridiosw* eoc ejjheogiw e~i

g~iesic ò sai newhw `b w`jhce~hsx saes geo saio wae}i sai cirij`}dios `b sai `~keoh|eshòw

saes kis hor`jric {hsa iega `sai~/

]yi~s` ^hgeo }~`$hoci}iociogi `~keoh|eshòw aeri g`di s`kisai~ es re~h`yw

}`hosw ho sai cirij`}dios `b sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/ Saix essid}s s` `~keoh|i sai

}i`}ji `b chbbi~ios g`ddyohshiw saes e~i aerhok iorh~òdiosej }~`njidw eoc aij} said

cirij`} j`gej eysò`d`yw `~keoh|eshòw kie~ic s` ws`}}hok iorh~òdiosej ciws~ygshò/

E k``c iqed}ji `b saiwi `~keoh|eshòej gèjhshòw ho ]yi~s` ^hg` hw b`yoc ho sai ws~ykkji

ekehows `}io$}hs dhohok !5892$5882(* {ai~iho wiri~ej hoci}iociogi `~keoh|eshòw {ios

hos` sai \òe Dhoi~e !Dhohok \òi( eoc aij}ic `~keoh|i sai Gios~ej D`yoseho

g`ddyohshiw s` ~iwhws sai ci}~iceshò `b sai Edi~hgeo g`d}eohiw/ S` iqed}ji* sai

wj`keo g~iesic nx òi `b sai jiechok }~`$hoci}iociogi `~keoh|eshòw* D]H* {ahga {ew

hor`jric ho sai dhohok ws~ykkji* {ew Dhoew N`~hgyew* ` Gi~` Dhoew !]yi~s` ^hgeo

dhoiw* `~ O` Dhoiw( !Ke~ge* 5813(/ Sahw wj`keo hw iqid}je~x `b sai w}hjj`ri~ `b

oeshòejhwd eoc hoci}iocioshwd` ho sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios {ai~i jhsi~ejjx aejb

`b sai wj`keo hw defhok eo iorh~òdiosejhws gjehd* o` dhoiw* eoc sai `sai~ aejb hw

defhok e oeshòejhws gjehd< ]yi~s` ^hgeo dhoiw/

WAEÎC ]I^W@OOIJ

Nigeywi deox `b sai segshgw saes sai }~`$hoci}iociogi `~keoh|eshòw }ys ho }jex ho

sai g`ddyohshiw `b sai dhohok |òi iosehjic sai hddi~whò `b egshrhwsw b~`d sai


17/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~5;

hoci}iocioshwse d`ridios ho saiwi s`{ow b`~ {iifw ò ioc* wiri~ej `b said wsexic ò

ho sai g`ddyohshiw saidwijriw eoc nigedi sai jieci~w `b sai eysò`d`yw

iorh~òdiosej `~keoh|eshòw saes {i~i w}e{oic/ Wae~ic }i~wòoij hw eo`sai~ iqed}ji

`b sai w}hjj`ri~ saes `ggy~w b~`d òi d`ridios s` sai `sai~/ Ho w}hsi `b sai begs saes e

w}ighbhg d`ridios ywyejjx ciejw {hsa òi hwwyi `~ e wis `b hwwyiw ho {ahga hochrhcyejw

}e~shgh}eshok ho saes d`ridios `bsio aeri d`~i saeo òi wis `b hwwyiw en`ys {ahga saix

e~i dhjhseos !Dixi~ " [ahsshi~ 5883< >82(/ Saiwi hochrhcyejw iewhjx oerhkesi b~`d

jieci~wah} }`whshòw ho òi d`ridios s` sai `sai~6 saix n~hok {hsa said sai iq}i~hiogiw

eoc fo`{jicki `b `sai~ d`ridiosw hos` ecchshòej `~keoh|eshòw/

Deox `b sai `~keoh|eshòw ho sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej d`ridios wa`{

irhciogi `b wae~ic }i~wòoij/ Ho eo hosi~rhi{ {hsa sai eysa`~* òi `b sai hosi~rhi{iiw

g`ddiosic ò sai ~hwi `b egshrhwd eoc sai uyeoshseshri k~`{sa `b g`ddyohsx

iorh~òdiosej `~keoh|eshòw ò sai hwjeoc cy~hok sai dhc$58;=w/ Egg`~chok s` sai

hosi~rhi{ii* sahw {ew e}}e~iosjx geywic nx sai gòri~whò `b sai ]~`$Hoci}iociogi

D`ridios !D]H( hos` sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo W`ghejhws ]e~sx !]W](/ Sahw }~igh}hsesic eo

hosi~oej g~hwhw saes g`d}ijjic wiri~ej egshrhwsw s` jieri sai k~`y} eoc k` negf s` saih~

a`dis`{ow ho sai Gios~ej D`yoseho îkhò s` wse~s `sai~ eysò`d`yw g`ddyohsx$

newic iorh~òdiosej`~keoh|eshòw/ Saiwi egshrhwsw b`yoc wy}}`~s beh~jx iewhjx cyi s` sai

b`~dej eoc hob`~dej ois{`~fw saes iqhwsic ho saiwi g`ddyohshiw {ai~i

hoci}iocioshwsew ~iwhcic/

@RI^JE]]HOK W@GHEJ D@RIDIOS G@DDYOHSHIW


18/24


@ri~je}}hok w`ghej d`ridios g`ddyohshiw e~i sai jhbinj``c `b sai hoci}iociogi

eoc iorh~òdiosej d`ridiosw ho ]yi~s` ^hg`/ Hcioshbhic nx sai hob`~dej ois{`~fw `b

}`jhshgh|ic hochrhcyejw {a` wae~i e g`ddhsdios s` g`ddò kèjw `b w`ghej gaeoki saix

fii} d`ridiosw ejhri nx g`yoshok ò e gòwshsyiogx saes iqhwsw nixòc eoc hoci}iocios

`b sai `~keoh|eshòw saes e~i ho sai reokye~c `b sai d`ridiosw !Dixi~ " [ahsshi~ 588382(/ Sai hwjeoc ibbigs* cibhoic nx sai jhdhseshòw hd}`wic nx w}egi saes b`~gi }i`}ji

s` diis iega `sai~* aew e ws~òk hobjyiogi ò sai d`ridiosw ho sahw wsycx/ ]yi~s` ^hgeo

w`ghej d`ridiosw ~ijx iqsiowhrijx ò sai w`ghej ois{`~fw `b saih~ egshrhwsw s` iq}eoc saih~

gòwshsyios newi/ Sai hochrhcyejw ho òi d`ridios hog~iewi saih~ w`ghej ge}hsej nx

eguyehoshok saidwijriw {hsa `sai~w/ Sahw ~iegaiw sai }`hos {ai~i d`ws egshrhwsw ò sai

hwjeoc fo`{ d`ws `sai~ egshrhwsw sa~`yka es jiews òi `sai~ }i~wò/ Sahw g~iesiw w`ghej

d`ridios g`ddyohshiw saes gòri~ki e~`yoc gògy~~ios hwwyiw eoc g`jjen`~esi ò

g~ieshok w`ghej gaeoki ò sai hwjeoc/

Ejj sai gesik`~hiw `b w`ghej d`ridios w}hjj`ri~ g`di s`kisai~ s` wa`{ a`{ sai

hoci}iociogi d`ridios eoc iorh~òdiosej d`ridios cidòws~esi sai w}hjj`ri~ ibbigs/

Es sai jews }aewi `b sai eosh$dhohok ws~ykkji ho sai ie~jx 588=w* wiri~ej g`ddyohsx*

iorh~òdiosej* eoc hoci}iociogi `~keoh|eshòw yohsic s` wseki }~`siwsw* g`dnhohok

ibb`~sw s` cibies sai essid}sw `b sai k`ri~odios s` ejj`{ `}io$}hs dhohok `b g`}}i~ ho sai

Gios~ej D`yoseho îkhò/ Hoci}iociogi `~keoh|eshòw wyga ew sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo

Hoci}iociogi ]e~sx !]H]( eoc sai W`ghejhws [`~fi~w D`ridios !DWS(* iorh~òdiosej

`~keoh|eshòw wyga ew sai Hocyws~hej Dhwwhò `b ]yi~s` ^hg` !DH]^(* eoc g`ddyohsx

k~`y}w wyga ew sai ]i`}jiw A`ywi !Gewe ]yinj`( eoc sai G`ddhssii `b Ysyec`

îwhciosw Ekehows Dhohok* ejj wae~ic segshgej ~i}i~s`h~iw* }i~wòoij* eoc w`ghej d`ridios


19/24


}e~shgh}eosw eoc saix l`hoic b`~giw yoci~ sai neooi~ O` Dhoew !o` dhoiw( ho e bhoej

ws~ykkji ekehows dhohok/ Saiwi ibb`~sw {i~i rhgs`~h`yw* eoc sai d`ridios we{ sai }ewwhok

`b eo ediocdios s` ]yi~s` ^hg`w dhohok je{ saes cigje~ic hjjikej eox `}io$gews dhohok

ò sai hwjeoc/

G@OGJYWH@O

Sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej d`ridios hw jhofic s` sai }~`$hoci}iociogi

d`ridios/ Sai b`~di~ b`yoc hsw kioiwhw edhcws sai gjehdw `b sai hoci}iocioshwsew b`~

k~iesi~ w`ghej ~iw}òwhnhjhsx b~`d sai k`ri~odios eoc b`~ oeshòej w`ri~ihkosx* {ahji sai

jessi~ b`yoc e dieow `b iq}eochok hsw gòwshsyiogx eoc w}y~~hok e ~iwy~kiogi `b

oeshòejhws wioshdios rhe sai hogjywhò `b iorh~òdiosej gògi~ow eoc kèjw ho saih~

oeshòej ekioce/ Sayw* sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej d`ridios hw e k``c iqed}ji `b

w`ghej d`ridios w}hjj`ri~/ [i aeri wa`{o saes Dixi~ eoc [ahsshi~w !5883( sai`~x b`~

sai cirij`}dios `b w`ghej d`ridiosw aew }~`ric s` ni e rhenji s``j s` b~edi eo

yoci~wseochok `b sai `~hkhow eoc cirij`}dios `b sahw d`ridios/ Saiwi `~hkhow eoc

cirij`}dios e~i hos~howhgejjx jhofic s` sai gaeokiw ho sai iqsi~oej w`gh`$}`jhshgej

iorh~òdios egahiric nx sai }~`$hoci}iociogi d`ridios ho sai bh~ws aejb `b sai >= sa

giosy~x/ Saiwi gaeokiw ~ideho e}}e~ios ho sai gòsid}`~e~x iorh~òdiosej d`ridios

eoc aeri dyga sai wedi hd}egs ò d`ridios cirij`}dios/

Hs hw hd}`~seos saes {i yoci~wseoc sai `~hkhow `b sai ]yi~s` ^hgeo iorh~òdiosej

d`ridios eoc sai hobjyiogi saes sai }~`$hoci}iociogi d`ridios aec ò hsw

cirij`}dios/ E~`yoc sai {`~jc* sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios hw geywhok gaeokiw ho

}`jhgx* }`jhshgw* rejyiw* eoc gyjsy~i !Ae~}i~ " êleo* >==3(/ Ewwydhok saes w`ghej

d`ridios w}hjj`ri~ hw o`s iqgjywhri s` eox whokji wis `b d`ridiosw* iw}ighejjx ho s`cexw


20/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~>=

kj`nej }`jhshgw* sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios `b ]yi~s` ^hg` aew e o`senji hd}egs ò sai

kj`nej iorh~òdiosej d`ridios iw}ighejjx ew e }e~s `b hsw ~iwy~kiogi {hsa sai kèjw `b

iorh~òdiosej lywshgi/ Nx hko`~hok whkohbhgeos oeshòej d`ridiosw ho g`jòhej eoc }`ws$

g`jòhej g`yos~hiw* wga`je~w {hjj jegf e s~yi yoci~wseochok `b sai fix ew}igs `b sai

cirij`}dios `b sai ~i$idi~khok iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/ ]yi~s` ^hg` hw eo iwwioshej

gòs~hnys`~ s` sai ~ilyrioeshò `b ~ikhòej eoc kj`nej iorh~òdiosejhwd/ E d`ridios

{ahga ehdw s` }~`sigs ig`wxwsidw eoc }~hwshoi iorh~òdiosw b~`d cirij`}dios eoc

ciws~ygshò* nys ejw` b`gywiw ò }~`sigshok sai jhrijha``c `b }``~ }i`}jiw g`ddyohshiw

eoc }ywaiw s`{e~c e wywsehoenji eoc w`ghejjx lyws bysy~i !Ae~}i~ " êleo* >==3(/

By~sai~ wsycx `b sahw oeshòej d`ridios hw jhfijx s` }~`ri b~yhsbyj/ Hb sai ~iwie~ga

uyiwshòw }i~shoios s` sahw wsycx e~i s` ni ~i$iqedhoic* e chbbi~ios e}}~èga hw

~ig`ddiocic/ Sai eysa`~ wykkiwsw saes e oeshò${hci wy~rix ewwiwwhok rejyiw eoc

hochrhcyej hor`jridios ho sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios ni gòcygsic ho `~ci~ s` iqedhoi

sai ibbigsw `b w}hjj`ri~ ò egshrhws rejyiw* segshgw* eoc `~keoh|eshòej ws~ygsy~iw/ Sahw

{`yjc aij} s` g`~~`n`~esi {aisai~ `~ o`s sai hoci}iociogi d`ridios eoc sai

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios e~i wshjj wiio ew `ri~je}}hok iega `sai~/


21/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~>5

ÎBIÎOGIW(< >5;$>79/

Gewsijjw* Deoyij/ 5881/ Ij îri~cighdhios` cij X`< Ij D`rhdhios` Ig`j`khwse/

]}579$591 ho Ij ]`ci~ ci je Hcioshcec* Ichsic nx Deoyij Gewsijjw/ Dec~hc*

Iw}ee< Ejheo|e Ichs`~hej/

Gògi}gho* Ge~dio D/ 5889/ Sai @~hkhow `b D`ci~o Iorh~òdiosej Egshrhwd ho

]yi~s` ^hg` ho sai 582=w/Hosi~oeshòej L`y~oej `b Y~neo eoc îkhòej

îwie~ga 58!5($5>3/

Gògi}gho* Ge~dio D/ >==2/ Eggho W`ghej* Ednhiosi x Cid`g~eghe io ]yi~s`

^hg`/ ]~iwiosic es sai }eoij chwgywwhò `b sai ]~hdi~e L`~oece Ednhiosej `b

Sai Oeshòej Ew`gheshò `b Iorh~òdiosej Je{ !EOCE( `b sai Je{ Wga``j `b

sai Yohri~whsx `b ]yi~s` ^hg`* Bin~ye~x 59* ^` ]hic~ew* ]/^/

G`sk~`ri* Wsi}aio eoc Eoc~i{ Cybb/ 581=/ Iorh~òdiosejhwd* Dhccji$Gjeww

êchgejhwd eoc ]`jhshgw/ W`gh`j`khgej îrhi{ >1!>(< 777$738/

Cij$Rejji* Oijwò îxiw/ 5889/ Aeghe yo eojhwhw cij d`rhdhios` ednhiosejhwse

}yi~s`~~huyi` ciwci je gògi}gho ci j`w oyir`w d`rhdhios`w w`ghejiw/

Yohri~whcec ci ]yi~s` ^hg`* ^` ]hic~ew/ Saiwhw !D/E/(/

Cynho* ^`ni~s/ 5898/ Cirheos Niaerh`~ eoc W`ghej Ws~ygsy~i< Gòshoyhshiw ho W`ghej

Sai`~xEdi~hgeo W`gh`j`khgej îrhi{ >3!>(< 53;$523/

B`jec`~h* Kyhjji~d`/ >===/ Ij }iowedhios` ednhiosejhwse/ S}hg`w io Icygegho


22/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~>>

Ednhiosej>!9(< >5$71/

Ke~ge De~soi|* Oibsej/ 5813/ E}yosiw }e~e yoe Ahws`~he ci je Jygae Ednhiosej/

Dhwho Hocyws~hej ci ]yi~s` ^hg`* Hog/ Yo}ynjhwaic deoywg~h}s/

K``c{ho* Libb eoc Lediw D/ Lew}i~/ >==7/ Sai W`ghej D`ridiosw îeci~< Gewiw eoc

Gògi}sw/ @qb`~c* YF< Njegf{ijj ]ynjhwahok Jsc/

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Iorh~òdiosej D`ridios/ G`rij`* GE< Hwjeoc ]~iww/

Kycxoew* Icye~c`/ 588>/ J`w dyjsh}jiw ri~ciw cij ednhiosejhwd` jeshoèdi~hgeo`/

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sai Oesy~ej Ewwisw `b sai [`~jcw ]``~/ [`~fhok ]e}i~ Wi~hiw 1;< 7$51/

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DgGe~sax* L/C eoc D/O/ \ejc/ 58;;/ îw`y~gi D`nhjh|eshò eoc W`ghej D`ridiosw5>$35/

Dixi~* Cerhc W/ eoc Oeogx [ahsshi~/ 5883/ W`ghej D`ridios W}hjj`ri~/ W`ghej

]~`njidw 35!>(;;$>81/

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x ciws~yggho ednhiosej/Je Whsyegho Ednhiosej< Io Gios~èdi~hge x ij Ge~hni/

Ic/ Aicws~d* Hokide~/ Weo L`w* G`wse ^hge< Ci}e~sedios` Igydohg` ci

Horiwshkeghòiw/

D`~~hw* Ejcò C/ 5813/ Sai @~hkhow `b sai Ghrhj ^hkasw D`ridios< Njegf G`ddyohshiw

@~keoh|hok b`~ Gaeoki/ Oi{ X`~f* OX< B~ii ]~iww/

]ic~ih~e* Eosòh` W/ V5873T 5828/Howyje~hwd`/ ^` ]hic~ew* ]^< Ichs`~hej Ichj* Hog/

Wsekkion`~k* Wy|eooi/ 5818/ Sai Wsenhjhsx eoc Hoo`reshò ho sai [`diow D`ridios/

[`jbwò* Oesaeo A/ 5889/ [aiogi Saiwi ^ydnjhokw0< S`{e~c eo Yoci~wseochok `b sai

Ws~ygsy~ej ]~i$Gòchshòw `b Eosh$Wxwsidhg D`nhjh|eshò/ Aydn`jcs Wsesi

Yohri~whsx/ Saiwhw/


24/24

W`ghejD`ridiosW}hjj`ri~>3

E]IOCHQ< CESE EOC DISA@CW WIJIGSH@O G^HSI^H@O

G~hsi~he b`~ hcioshbxhok W`ghej D`ridios W}hjj`ri~ gesik`~hiw ho wijigsic c`gydiosw( B`~ Wae~ic ]i~wòoij* sai oediw `b iorh~òdiosej jieci~w dioshòic ho saic`gydiosw {hjj ni by~sai~ horiwshkesic b`~ }~irh`yw `~keoh|eshòej shiw nx j``fhok

es ihsai~ BNH bhjiw ò sai egshrhwsw* nh`k~e}ahiw* `~ `sai~ ~ig`~cw saes hcioshbx said

ew jieci~w `b `sai~ d`ridiosw/

7( B`~ @ri~je}}hok W`ghej D`ridios G`ddyohshiw* sai c`gydiosw {hjj niiqedhoic b`~ eox dioshòhok `b yoebbhjhesic egshrhwd !wyga ew wsycios egshrhws

dioshò( ho ihsai~ }~`siws `~ `~keoh|eshòw ~ijesic s` sai iorh~òdiosej

d`ridios/

3( Gaeokiw ho sai Iqsi~oej Iorh~òdios Egahiric nx òi D`ridios saes saioEbbigs Wynwiuyios D`ridiosw {hjj ni ewwiwwic ho sai c`gydiosw b`~ eox dioshò

`b k`ri~odios ~iegshò s` sai iorh~òdiosej d`ridios nigeywi `b sai

hoci}iociogi d`ridios* `~ eox `sai~ dioshò `b }~`$hoci}iociogi rejyiw ho sai

iorh~òdiosej d`ridios/

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