from nurturing plants to growing teachers

From nurturing plants togrowing teachers

“... education and farming share a very strong parallel — they involve the process of nurturing and the goals are to help unleash the potential of either a plant or a child.” Professor Lee Sing Kong

1

From nurturing plants to growing teachers

NIE’s history with Professor Lee Sing Kong

as DirectorProfessor Tan Oon SengDirectorJuly 2014

There is a Chinese saying “十(shí) 年(nián) 树(shù) 木(mù),百(bǎi) 年(nián) 树(shù) 人(rén)” that we often hear. Translated it means “Ten years to grow a tree; A hundred years to cultivate the person”. There is a sage who truly understands this saying more than many others. He is none other than Professor Lee Sing Kong. How many of us have truly laboured to plant trees? Sing Kong knows what it takes to till the ground, sow seeds and nurture plants. We often take for granted the rich tropical greenery and shade we enjoy today. Not many know about the pioneering efforts of Lee Sing Kong in planting trees in his early career.

For Sing Kong planting trees is never for the now and present but for the benefit of others decades later. From nurturing plants to nurturing people Lee Sing Kong is God’s gift to Singapore. He has been a gift to NIE, MOE and NTU in building the collegiality and collaborative efforts that have brought NIE to where it is today. Teacher education has blossomed with a relevance to our education system that is the envy of education colleges worldwide. Research in education has been fined-tuned and sensitised to the real challenges of schools in Singapore. Professor Lee has brought NIE to new heights of international recognition through his vision and enterprise. His labour of love has indeed flourished education and teacher education and has certainly laid the foundation for NIE to move towards greater distinction in her service to our nation. We thank him for the wonderful legacy of care for the community, championship for meeting the needs of learners, missionary quest in reaching out and creativity in every enterprise for NIE and Singapore.

2 3From nurturing plants to growing teachers

“ Sing Kong is, at heart, an educator for educators. As Director of NIE, he understands that it is quality people, our teachers, who shape what and how our students learn and wholeheartedly applied himself to the important work of teacher education and educational research in Singapore. Under his leadership, NIE achieved its vision of becoming a reputable teacher education institute.

The fraternity has been privileged to have a humble and approachable leader in education like Sing Kong.” Mr Heng Swee KeatMinister for Education

Top: Professor Lee with Minister for Education, Mr Heng Swee Keat, at the Character and Citizenship Conference 2011


Chapter 1 Seedling

Professor Lee Sing Kong started his career at the National Parks Board, Singapore in 1975 and rose through the ranks to become Acting Commissioner in 1982. A horticulturist by training, with interests in agrotechnology, urban forestry and plant tissue cultures, he obtained a 1st Class Honours in Horticultural Science from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand in 1974, supported by the Colombo Plan Scholarship and awarded by the Public Service Commission of Singapore and received his PhD in 1985 from the National University of Singapore in Plant Biotechnology. As Acting Commissioner of the National Parks Board, Professor Lee tapped on his expertise to fulfil his responsibilities which included the establishment of national parks and nature reserves; and the protection and conservation of trees and plants. In recognition of his dedication and contributions, Professor Lee was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Bronze) in 1981.

Chapter 1

“Sing Kong is a nurturer. He has been at it from the time he studied horticulture, then as a leader in the preservation and development of national parks and greenery in the city, and finally as nurturer of nurturers at NIE. Each phase has been marked by Sing Kong’s infectious enthusiasm. I remember that vividly from my interactions with him during my years in education. His passion for developing our teachers into 21st century guides for a new generation of young Singaporeans will shape a society confident of its future.”Mr Tharman ShanmugaratnamDeputy Prime Minister and Minister for FinanceMinister for Education, 2003-2008

Right: President Nathan’s visit to NIE in 2001


Professor Lee joined the Education fraternity in 1989 as Principal Lecturer and Head, Biotechnology of Ngee Ann Polytechnic before joining the National Institute of Education (NIE) as a Senior Lecturer at the School of Science in 1991. He subsequently assumed the positions of Head, Biology Division and Associate Professor at NIE/NTU.

While serving as Senior Lecturer at the School of Science, Professor Leecollaborated with the Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research (SISIR) and the Primary Production Department (PPD) in a pilot project on Aeroponics Farming. The success of the project led to the setting up of a commercial aeroponics farm, Aero-Green Techonology (S) Private Limited in Lim Chu Kang. Professor Lee was awarded the Asian Innovation Award (Bronze) in 1998 for being the brain behind the development and adaptation of aeroponic technology for the production of temperate vegetables in the tropics. He continued to grow in prominence in this area of work and in 2009, his aeroponic farming technique was ranked among the top three green solutions worldwide and was televised by the Discovery Channel.

Opposite page left: Professor Lee leading a visit on aeroponics (1991) Right: Signing of MOU for Joint Research and Development Project on Anthurium by NIE, Jurong Bird Park and Ngee Ann Polytechnic (1991)

Chapter 110 11From nurturing plants to growing teachers

Chapter 1

While many agree that a teacher’s role is to guide and mentor, as a teacher educator, Professor Lee emphasised the importance for lifelong learning in the profession to keep up with the changing landscape. Professor Lee is one who epitomises the good practices of lifelong learning and was one of the pioneers who graduated alongside his colleagues and students from the Postgraduate Diploma of Teaching in Higher Education (PGDipTHE).

Top: Minister for Education (2008 – 2011), Dr Ng Eng Hen plants a tembusu tree to mark NIE’s 60th anniversary

“The quality of teachers is crucial to the success of any education system. Professor Lee’s visionary leadership has steered NIE to new heights in teacher education and educational research. The conceptualisation and implementation of the transformative Teacher Education model for the 21st Century (TE21) was a bold and timely response to the changing global and local education landscape to meet the needs of our 21st century learners. This model has gained world-wide recognition. Today, NIE’s collaborations with top teacher education institutes around the globe stand as testimony to the impact that NIE has made internationally.”

Dr Ng Eng HenMinister for DefenceMinister for Education, 2008-2011


Professor Lee believes that teachers are often looked upon as role models and are the greatest influence especially in the early years, hence playing a crucial role in shaping both the cognitive, social and emotional development of a child. Embracing the strong belief that “every child can learn”, Professor Lee advocated the use of different pedagogies to cater to diverse learning styles and championed the frontiers of inquiry-based processes for the teaching of biological sciences. Having been in the field of education for decades, Professor Lee has taught many students who have gone on to become renowned scientists and successful leaders in their professions.

When asked about how he would define a successful teacher, Professor Lee shared that

the best teacher is one who can inspire the heart of every student and through this, change their lives not only within the classroom but beyond.

Chapter 1

Top: Unveiling Ceremony of the Tree of Education in 1992

Bottom left: Education visit by the Government Parliamentary Committee in 1993

Opposite page right: The Tree of Education sculpted by local sculptor, Chern Lian Shan in 1992, is a ‘life-size” representation in fibre glass of a “tree of education and knowledge. The theme is adapted from the Chinese proverb. “Ten years to grow a tree, a hundred years to educate a person”


Chapter 2 Sapling

Professor Lee helmed the Office of Graduate Programmes and Research (GPR) from 2000 to 2006. A strong believer in continual lifelong education, Professor Lee emphasised the importance for teachers to remain relevant in the evolving environment. As Dean, Professor Lee implemented a wide array of Professional Development Programmes which were aligned with global trends and international standards, enabling teachers to develop professionally and obtaining postgraduate certification.

During Professor Lee’s term as Dean of the office, NIE established strong partnership with stakeholders including schools and Ministry of Education (MOE) to bring about greater visibility. Professor Lee’s contributions were affirmed by Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam, then the Minister for Education and Second Minister for Finance, “the relationship between NIE and MOE has been greatly strengthened by NIE’s flagship professional development programmes, (i) the Leaders in Education Programme for principals and (ii) the Diploma in Departmental Management programme for HODs. These programmes have helped to train hundreds of educational leaders for Singapore schools. The Leaders in Education Programme is now looked at internationally as a peak of excellence.” Professor Lee was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Silver) in 2004 for furthering the cause of education and educational leadership.

Chapter 2

“Professor Lee Sing Kong has demonstrated, in his productive and generative academic career, visionary leadership of higher education and a singular commitment to the teaching profession. With the same care and attention of the gardener to his flowers, Professor Sing Kong has attended to developing a high performing team, sustained a culture of continuous improvement at the National Institute of Education, fostered innovative initiatives through the creation of NIE International to extend the Institute’s influence globally and more importantly steered the teaching profession towards preparing all students for a broad range of competencies and dispositions to live for purposes bigger than themselves, become architects of their own lives and contributing members of the communities of which they are a part. Like the lessons of the finest educators, Professor Lee Sing Kong’s lessons and inspiration will be long lasting and bear fruits for years to come, in Singapore and abroad.”

Professor Fernando M. ReimersFord Foundation Professor of Practice in International EducationDirector, International Education Policy ProgrammeHarvard Graduate School of Education

Right: Professor Lee with Professor Fernando Reimers and Global Education Innovation Initiative (GEII) partners (2014)


Besides partnering educational institutions, Professor Lee actively sought collaborations with other industries to widen the impact of educational research. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed between NIE and SAFTI Military Institute (MI) to develop leadership excellence through tapping on NIE’s expertise in areas of pedagogical research and learning sciences. Through NIE’s various professional development courses in learning sciences, SAFTI MI trainers would be able to acquire the latest skills and knowledge, as well as obtain formal qualifications through a Specialist Diploma and Master’s degree in this field. Under Professor Lee’s leadership, GPR saw an increase in student enrolment, expanded staff strength and secured higher research grants.

While serving as Dean, GPR, Professor Lee acknowledged the need to increase NIE’s regional and international visibility in order to propel the institute towards greater heights and to spread its influence beyond the shores of Singapore. It was for this reason that he conceptualised the idea of setting up the External Programmes Office (EPO) which offers educational consultancy both locally and internationally. He served as the inaugural Dean of EPO from 2005-2009 until it was reconceptualised as NIE International (NIEI) in 2009 where he then assumed the role of Managing Director.

Chapter 2

Opposite page left and right: Leaders in Education Programme (LEP) Graduation Ceremony (2010); Management and Leadership in Schools (MLS) Graduation Ceremony (2013)

Left: Signing of the MOU with SAFTI MI in 2005


As Dean, EPO, Professor Lee spearheaded the move to collaborate with Middle Eastern nations to start up a Teacher Training Institute in United Arab Emirates (UAE). The Institute came into operation in 2008 where programmes such as the Bachelor in Education and Teaching Diploma were being offered. Today, the Institute offers a comprehensive teacher education curriculum to prepare its teachers for the challenges of the 21st century.

Following the success of the Teacher Training Institute in UAE, Professor Lee embarked on a new mission to review and develop a Teachers Training College in Bahrain which focuses on teacher education curriculum related to content knowledge demanded within the government and public service. The venture brought about the formation of a closely-knit, tripartite chain of education institutions.

Many who have worked with Professor Lee know him as “a visionary leader with a heart” and thus, it did not come as any surprise when he was asked to assume the position of Director in 2006 as the successor to Professor Leo Tan who headed the institute from 1994-2006.

Chapter 2

“ Professor Lee Sing Kong joined NIE in 1991 and I watched his progression from Senior Lecturer to Professor and Director of NIE, NTU. He and I worked as a team and I respected his views and ideas, even when some seemed unattainable. His enthusiasm, intellect and determination led to among other achievements, the successful aeroponic farms, regeneration of mangroves at Semakau Landfill and the first pedagogical research centre for Singapore. He continued in his own right, to win accolades for NIE as Director and as he retires from the position, I wish him every success in his future endeavours.”

Professor Leo Tan Wee Hin Professorial Fellow, Biological Sciences Director (Special Projects)Faculty of Science, NUSDirector, NIE (1994-2006)


Chapter 3 Young Plant

As a new Director, Professor Lee understood the importance to develop corporate plans for the future to support NIE’s three main pillars of (i) meeting the needs of stakeholders, (ii) achieving international recognition through educational research and (iii) impacting the educational fraternity internationally. Professor Lee implemented the 3:3:3 strategic roadmap which charted NIE’s directions from 2007-2012 to look into areas of enhancements in programmes, research, international positioning, infrastructure, human capacity and corporate governance.

In order to build greater international reputation and recognition, Professor Lee identified the need for NIE to export Singapore’s teacher education beyond the region. As a start, he helped to launch the joint Doctor of Education (EdD) programme, a dual award programme with the Institute of Education, University of London and the first batch of students enrolled for the programme in August 2007.

Top: Launch of The Temasek Foundation-NIE “Leaders and Educators in Asia Programme” (2008)

Bottom: Professor Lee and Ms Ho Peng at Leaders in Education Programme Graduation Ceremony cum NIE 60 th

Anniversary Dinner (2010)

Chapter 3

“As Director NIE, Professor Lee Sing Kong was a forward-looking leader, keenly aware of the fast-changing global environment and the needs of Singapore. A dynamic leader, he was open to ideas and people, and was a key partner in MOE’s efforts to transform schools and learning. Under his stewardship, teacher education has evolved significantly. Today, NIE is on the world map because of Sing Kong’s tireless efforts in building it into a world-class centre for teacher professional learning and growth.”Ms Ho PengDirector-General of Education


Professor Lee established NIE International (NIEI) in 2009 as the consultancy arm of NIE in offering its teaching consultancy services, with niche areas in teacher education, school management and educational leadership. Despite the increasingly stiff competition with world renowned institutions, Professor Lee had led NIE into Middle Eastern countries through educational consultancies in Abu Dhabi, Qatar and Indonesia. Furthermore, the World Bank and Asian Development Bank had tapped on NIE’s expertise to facilitate the advancement of education in developing countries. For instance, the Leaders in Education Programme International (LEPI) had graduated several cohorts of senior educators from countries like Australia, China, Germany and India.

Another impactful project by NIEI included preparing education leaders from 66 provinces in Vietnam through partnership with the Temasek Foundation (Singapore) and the National Institute of Education Management (Hanoi, Vietnam) in the Educational Leadership Programme for Vietnam (ELPV). Using the ‘train-the-trainers’ approach, the programme aimed to enhance leadership capacities which would facilitate systemic improvements. A total of 1,932 educational leaders were trained to take on educational reform. For his role in effecting educational change by transforming the mindsets of educational leaders in Vietnam, Professor Lee was awarded the Medal of Honour for the Cause of Education (Vietnam) by the Vietnamese government in 2011.

While continuing to expand NIEI’s efforts to provide consultancy services, Professor Lee acknowledged the need for NIEI to remain nimble and meet the demands of different industries. NIEI, for the first time, provided a customised Postgraduate Diploma Programme for professionals in the Ministry of Health (MOH), Singapore. The nine-month programme provided knowledge and pedagogical skills for healthcare professionals in higher education to reflect upon key underlying educational philosophies, pedagogies and their experience to enhance their practice. Besides healthcare professionals, environment officers from the National Environment Agency (NEA) were trained in a workshop which focused on the various aspects of psychology of the adult learner in facilitating adult learning and effective teaching through lesson planning and delivery.

Top right: LEPI Graduation Dinner (2009)

Bottom left and right: NIEI Masters of Education Administration Orientation; Partnership with Temasek Foundation and National Institute of Education Management, Vietnam on the Educational Leadership Programme (2008)


On top of efforts to increase NIE’s international visibility, Professor Lee highlighted the need to refine existing practices and be willing to develop alternative models that can meet the different needs arising from the changes in the local and global landscape. Professor Lee admitted that while programmes should be harnessed to enable powers of new technologies and scientific developments, relevant educational research which focused on issues that would redefine classroom practices and shape policies should be conducted to allow teachers to unlock the potential in every student.

The establishment of the Curriculum and Teaching Unit (CTU) demonstrated NIE’s new focus on cultivating new processes and acknowledged the importance of curriculum planning in education. It emphasised that curriculum planning, was indeed the raison d’etre for educators in schools. With the increasing devolvement of decision making in schools, it was vital for educators to recognise their role as curriculum developers and have a critical understanding of curriculum matters.

Chapter 3

Top: RAdm (NS) Lui Tuck Yew, Minister of State, Ministry of Education (2006 – 2008) at the International Conference on “Character Development Through Service And Experiential Learning” in 2007.


The successful transformation of Singapore’s teacher education generated great interest from her peers and brought NIE greater prominence on the international stage. NIE hosted visits from the Omani Education Minister and British Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Schools, Lord Andrew Adonis and British High Commissioner, Paul Madden in 2007, who were amongst the first to gain insights into the enhanced model.

In keeping with the need for international benchmarking of NIE’s programmes, Professor Lee recognised the importance of seeking endorsement from experts in the field. To this end, NIE continued to have a team of world renowned experts to serve on its International Advisory Panel (IAP). IAP 2007 was chaired by Professor Cham Tao Soon, former President of Nanyang Technological University (NTU). Members of the panel included Professor Marilyn Cochran-Smith, Professor Linda Darling-Hammond, Dr Robert Kozma and Professor Marlene Scardamalia. The positive endorsement from the IAP affirmed that NIE had adopted the appropriate strategies and was moving in the right direction.

Opposite page left: Distinguished Advisory Panel evaluates NIE’s Strategic Plans (2007)

Top right: Professor Linda Darling-Hammond’s visit in 2010. From left, Professor David Hogan, Professor Linda Darling-Hammond, Professor Lee Sing Kong, Professor Tan Oon Seng and Professor Lee Wing On

Bottom right: Founding members of the International Alliance of Leading Education Institutes (2007)


Chapter 3

Professor Lee’s efforts in revolutionising teacher education in Singapore served as a testimony to his devotion and zest for the mission of education. A role model for many educators, Professor Lee served as inaugural chair of the esteemed International Alliance of Leading Education Institutes (IALEI), which aims to be a think-tank for spearheading innovation and change in teacher education thus putting NIE firmly in the global league of Teacher Education Institutions.

Top: IALEI members gathered in NIE (2010)

“I first got to know Sing Kong when we both attended the International Summit on Teaching Profession in 2012, just before I joined MOE. Sing Kong led one of the discussions on preparing teachers in the delivery of 21CC skills. I knew very little about the work of NIE at that time. When Sing Kong was done speaking, I thought he represented NIE really well. I was not sure then if Sing Kong was every bit the dynamic leader as he seemed to be or he was just a very good salesman. After working closely with Sing Kong in the past two years, I have now concluded that he is both. Sing Kong has led NIE with energy and conviction. He has also worked hard and had been very effective in raising the profile and standing of NIE. I will leave others to recount his many contributions. To me, Sing Kong has served with great distinction during his term as Director of NIE, and could justifiably be proud of all that he had accomplished. I wish Sing Kong much joy and fulfilment in all his future endeavours.”

Ms Chan Lai Fung Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education NIE Council Chairperson, 2012 to present


Chapter 4 Tree

Under Professor Lee’s stewardship, NIE partnered closely with stakeholders and undertook a systemic review of our teacher education programmes, making reference to the revised National Curriculum of 21st century competencies (21CC) as a key guide. The resulting 21st century teacher education model (TE21) was launched in 2009 to develop teachers with the requisite values, skills and knowledge necessary to function in the 21st century learning environment. The TE21 report, which outlines the six main recommendations to bring about 21st century teachers to facilitate 21st century learners and subsequently, the implementation journey have both been published in order to share the thinking behind the conceptualisation and realisation of the TE21 model. NIE’s unique paradigm of values-based teacher education in the design, delivery and enhancement of its programmes is often cited as a reference point by the international teaching fraternity. Professor Lee was also invited by US Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan to provide the discussion starter to the 2012 International Summit of the Teaching Profession (ISTP) held in New York to an audience comprising mainly Education Ministers from countries around the globe.

Chapter 4

“ Sing Kong defies classification. He is a gardener, an educator, an entrepreneur, and an evangelist.

Sing Kong has used his considerable networking skills and entrepreneurship in the service of NIE and Singapore education. He carefully nurtured, through personal contacts, professional interactions and the establishment of forums such as the International Alliance of Leading Education Institutes (IALEI) in 2007, many friends, fans and advocates for Singapore.

He worked tirelessly to mould NIE into an institution that has ambition, to excel in teaching, to perform useful research, and to be a valuable member of the education fraternity.

Through NIE International, he reached out to the region and beyond, helping to build capabilities while showcasing Singapore’s educators and education system.

On a more personal note, he helped a bunch of helpless Singaporeans cross the road (safely!) in Hanoi, and then helped them bargain down prices in shops. What

a memorable trip. And yes, important work got done too.” Mrs Tan Ching YeePermanent Secretary, Ministry of HealthPermanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, 2007 – 2012NIE Council Chairperson, 2007 -2012

The TE21 report

Attributes of the 21st Century Teaching Professional


As the Director of NIE, Professor Lee had led NIE through many challenges and steered it towards its vision to become an institute of distinction. The 2008 financial crisis, which provided an opportunity for MOE to increase teacher intake, was a test of NIE’s ability to respond to the sudden increase in enrolment. The dynamic global landscape necessitated educational reform and directly impacted teacher education and professional development. Today, the number of teachers in Singapore has reached a steady state of 33,000 and it is opportune for NIE to turn its attention on growing niche areas of expertise with credible international partners and to continually enhance the academic quality of its programmes against international benchmarks.

In tandem with the rising reputation of NIE, memoranda of understanding (MOUs) with high profile universities abroad were signed. One that is of great significance is that signed with Boston College, which houses the Centre for Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading and Literacy Study (PIRLS) on 15 September 2008 which has faculty, student and research collaborations outlined in the MOU.

Chapter 4

Top left to right: NTU Convocation 2013; NIE Learning Festival 2008

Bottom left to right: Teachers Investiture Ceremony in January 2013; Signing of MOU with Boston College in 2008


The most recent development in this area of international partnerships is the launch of Singapore’s first joint Master’s Degree for education leaders, with Teachers College, University of Columbia in 2012. The Master of Arts in Leadership and Educational Change (MALEC) is an innovative programme with a dual emphasis on organisational and curriculum leadership. The programme aims to prepare leaders to go beyond organisational leadership towards embracing leadership capacities in curriculum, teaching and learning in meeting the demands for leaders with both local and international perspectives.

The International Practicum Programme was developed in 2013 to provide student teachers with the opportunity to understand and appreciate both Singapore’s and other nation’s education systems and learning environments through a five-week teaching assistantship tenable abroad. Since the initiative started, NIE has sent ten student teachers to the University of California, Santa Barbara and eight to University College, Denmark. NIE will continue to expand her network of global exchange partners to bring greater diversity of teaching and learning practices to budding educators.

Chapter 4

Professor Lee also understood the need for student teachers to be equipped with broad global perspectives and mindsets at the start of their career.

Top left and right: Students during the International Practicum Programme

Bottom left: Professor Lee and Professor Thomas James, Provost of Teachers College, at the Launch of the Master of Arts in Leadership and Educational Change Programme


NIE has also been at the forefront of hosting and participating in major international conferences. Too numerous to mention, the key educational landmark conferences are mentioned herewith. In 2008, NIE hosted the Asia-Pacific Educational Research Association (APERA) Conference which drew a groundbreaking 1800 participants. NIE also hosted the “6th Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Meeting” in 2012 where an international comparative study to identify unique practices in the teaching of Mathematics and Science was conducted. NIE’s signature bi-ennial Redesigning Pedagogy conference has also continued to draw a huge local and international participation way above 1000 participants. In October 2013, NIE played host to the Global Cities Education Network (GCEN) conference helmed by Asia Society and which brought together over ten policy makers and researchers from cities/ jurisdictions within the United States and beyond. In March 2014, NIE also hosted the Global Education Innovation Initiative workshop, helmed by the Harvard Graduate School of Education.

“ Teachers College is proud to recognize our esteemed colleague and friend Lee Sing Kong for his extraordinary leadership of Singapore’s educational enterprise. We are honored to have partnered with you to establish the joint master’s degree program in Leadership and Educational Change. And, as a recipient of the Teachers College Medal for Distinguished Service, we hold you in the highest professional regard and appreciate your extraordinary contributions to our field. Your impact will be felt for generations to come. Thank you!”

President Susan Fuhrman Teachers College

Opposite page left: APERA Conference 2008

Right: Professor Lee and Professor Susan Fuhrman, President of Teachers College (2013)


In 2010, the NIE campus was used as the games village of Youth Olympic Games held in Singapore.

NIE’s global reach has expanded under Professor Lee’s leadership, with partnerships built with many prestigious educational and commercial organisations. The signing of numerous memoranda of understanding (MOU) signifies that NIE’s repertoire of associations spans the globe. Currently, partnerships have been established with institutions and organisations in ASEAN, Middle East, Australia, China, Sweden, USA and United Kingdom. A total of 23 new MOUs were signed in 2012 and another 18 in 2013. An MOU has been signed with Stanford University in January 2014 which involves collaboration between NIE and Stanford in the International Teacher Policy Study (ITPS).

“Enthusiasm… exuberance… wisdom… creativity… warmth… commitment… determination… charm… skill: These are the words that come to mind when I think of my dear friend, Professor Lee Sing Kong. Although we live many thousands of miles apart, I count Sing Kong as one of my dearest colleagues and trusted co-conspirators in the quest to build a strong profession of teaching that will serve children well all over the globe. Sing Kong, you know you cannot actually retire.

But we will let you take a short break before you take up your next task! ”

With great respect and fondness,

Professor Linda Darling-HammondCharles E. Ducommun Professor of EducationStanford University

Chapter 4

Top: Dr Jacques Rogge, President of International Olympic Committee (2001-2013) Professor Bertil Andersson, President of NTU, Professor Lee and Dr Elsie Yu unveiled the Olympic Mural in 2008


Some prominent international visitors during Professor Lee’s tenureship as Director include the Crown Prince of Bahrain and Commander-in-Chief of the Bahrain Defence Force; His Highness Shaik Salman Bin Hamad Al-Khalifa, in 2007; Her Excellency Irina Borkova, Director General of UNESCO in 2010; Her Royal Highness, Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn of Thailand in 2011 and 2013; Secretary of Education of the United Kingdom, the honorable Sir Michael Gove in 2010 and President of the Republic of Honduras, Mr Porfirio Lobo Sosa in 2011.

Opposite left and right: Visit by Swedish Education Minister, Mr Jan Björklund in 2008; Delegation of Education Leaders United States of America visits in 2011

Top left and right: Visit by Secretary of Education of UK, Sir Michael Gove (2010); Her Excellency Irina Borkova, Director General, UNESCO (2010)

Bottom left and right: Professor Lee with Crown Prince of Bahrain and Commander-in-Chief of the Bahrain Defence Force at the Signing of MOU between NIE and Ministry of Education, Kingdom of Bahrain (2007); Visit by President of Republic of Honduras, Mr Porfirio Lobo Sosa (2011)


During his tenure as Director, Professor Lee has launched many initiatives that have greatly impacted teacher education in Singapore and internationally. In tandem to the advancements in pedagogy, curriculum and research, Professor Lee saw the need for further collaboration of new pedagogy and collaborated with the Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore (IDA) to transform NIE’s tutorial rooms campus-wide to promote a more conducive and collaborative environment for teaching and learning that would better facilitate the acquisition of 21st century skills. Mr Lim Teck Soon, Cluster Director, Education and Learning, IDA applauded the development,

Given the impressive infrastructure and in recognition to NIE’s efficiency in reducing energy costs, the institute was awarded the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) Green Mark Platinum Award in 2012, marking the fourth time NIE had won an award for sustaining an environmentally friendly building. The direction and leadership provided by Professor Lee in education and beyond had been imperative in guiding NIE towards her vision of becoming “An Institute of Distinction”.

Chapter 4

In order to deepen and enhance education research, the CJ Koh Professorial Lecture Series was launched by the Office of Education Research (OER) in 2011 with the objective to build and share knowledge from appointed CJ Koh professors with key local and international stakeholders in education. Outstanding professors in education are hosted annually by NIE and previous visitors have included Marilyn Cochran-Smith, Andy Hargreaves and Dennis Shirley from Boston College, Susan Fuhrman from Teachers College, Linda Darling-Hammond from Stanford University, Hannele Niemi from University of Helsinki, Ruth Hayhoe from University of Toronto, Robin Alexander from University of Cambridge, John Seely Brown from University of Southern California and Andreas Schleicher from OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The goal of the Classroom of the Future

positions Singapore as a thought leader in the innovative use of ICT in education and showcases Singapore’s R&D capabilities in integrating new technologies into a curriculum based on a sound pedagogical framework

Top left and right: Professor Lee with Professor Ruth Hayhoe (2012); Professor Dennis Shirley invited to NIE as CJ Koh Professor in 2014

Bottom left: Professor Lee with the late Mr Ong Tiong Tat, Mrs Irene Ong and Professor Susan Fuhrman

Opposite page : A collaborative classroom in NIE


The list of NIE’s accomplishments since Professor Lee took over its helm stands as a proud testimony of his visionary leadership. In 2009, his alma mater, National University of Singapore honoured him with the Distinguished Science Alumni Award. Professor Bertil Andersson, President of NTU reaffirmed Professor Lee as the man who “helped NIE achieve an outstanding reputation as a leading teacher education institution in the world”. Professor Lee has been lauded for his contributions to Singapore’s education system and was awarded the prestigious Public Administration Medal (Gold) in 2011. He is also the first Singaporean to receive the Medal for Distinguished Service presented by Teachers College. Most recently, in 2013, he was awarded the Nanyang Awards for Service 2013 by the President of NTU in recognition of his great contribution to raising the profile of teacher education through his directorship of NIE.

Professor Lee Sing Kong relinquishes his appointment on 30 June 2014 after holding office for more than seven years. NIE and Singapore salute him for his visionary leadership, passion, dedication and commitment to transforming teaching and inspiring learning and for nurturing 21st century teachers ready to bring about innovation and change in 21st century classrooms.

As one chapter of his life closes, an exciting new chapter is already unfolding. NTU has appointed Professor Lee to a new position as the Vice President for Education Strategies. He will lead the development of NTU’s strategies and innovations in curricula, teaching methods and assessment and we wish him great success in his journey of nurturing hearts and minds for the university, for Singapore and for the world.

Opposite page: Professor Lee became 2nd Asian and 1st in Singapore to receive prestigious Medal for Distinguished Service from Teachers College (2013)

Top: Professor Lee giving an opening speech at the Director’s Race (2012)


Top left to right: Professor Lee and 2013 SWRFC members; 2011 NIE Art Collection Exhibition; NIE Director’s Race in 2010; NIE Staff lunch 2014

Bottom left to right: 2013 NIE National Day NIE Runway; Professor Lee and Assistant Professor C. Kunalan


Chapter 4

NIE 60th Anniversary Celebration

Top left to right: NIE 60 th Anniversary Dinner; 2010 NIE Director’s Race 2010; The 60 th Anniversary book “Transforming Teaching, Inspiring Learning”

Bottom left to right: Caring Teachers Award cum 60 th Anniversary Dinner; Minister for Education (2008 – 2011), Dr Ng Eng Hen at the NIE 60 th Anniversary Dinner cum Leaders In Education Programme Graduation Ceremony 2010


Chapter 4

Opposite page: Professor Lee with Professor Lee Wing On and Professor Tan Oon Seng

Top left and right: Professor Lee with Lion Dancers at the inaugural NTU Parents’ Day 2010; 2009 NIE Fiesta

Bottom right: Professor Leo Tan and Professor Lee with NIE senior management


Chapter 4

Top left and right: Professor Tan Oon Seng with colleagues from the Office of Teacher Education

Bottom right: NIE Director’s Race 2008

Opposite page: Professor Lee with Professor Tan Oon Seng


Chapter 4

“I have known Professor Lee Sing Kong since 1991 when he first joined NIE. He struck me as someone who was positive, always ready with a smile & with kind words. As I interacted with him from time to time at functions, I could see that he exuded all the qualities of a leader with boundless enthusiasm & energy.

A decade later, after we moved to the Yunnan Campus, we had more opportunities to work together, especially towards the Official Opening of NIE in early 2002. Then later, as the Dean of GPR and finally, as the Director from 2006. There were critical development which needed his leadership like the re-structuring of NIE in 2000 and the seminal paper to secure funds for the start of the Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice in 2003, he was able to bring them to fruition.

Professor Leo Tan, the former Director of NIE said that ‘Sing Kong has the ability to sell fridges to Eskimos.’ This statement attests to his ability to present himself and his cases at meetings at all levels. He is quick to grasp the key issues and able to offer reasons or solutions to the problems. I simply marvel at his capacity to lead NIE, serve on various committees both in & out of NIE. It has been my privilege and pleasure to work with him over the past 7-8 years.”

Dr Quek Jin JongPrincipal Officer2007-2014


Chapter 4

I’d like to wish Prof Lee the best in his new endeavors and roles after that of Director/NIE. He has played his leadership role as Director/NIE with vigour and faithfullness. I will always remember him as being committed to the welfare of his colleagues and to the interest of the institute, even in testing times. Enjoy your new life adventures to come...!

Mr Alan Ch’ngDivisional Director, Corporate Planning and Development Division, NIE (2008-2010)

He had a simple vision of developing NIE and world education, but accomplished much. He not only affected my life but also the lives of many. He loved his life and lived for educators of the World. He was not afraid to do anything. The way he walked, the words he spoke and the voices he argued with …“Making the world a more pedagogical place” is a pun for teacher educators, but no truer words could be said especially with reference to Professor Lee Sing Kong.

Professor Cho Youngdal College of Education, Seoul National University

The starfish story reminds us that every child matters. Education is indeed a social leveller. Every child whom we can help will make a big difference to his family and society. I am grateful to have the opportunities in both policy formulation and implementation as well as my current role in AST. We can have the best curriculum but we still need the teachers to translate it into the classroom. Thank you for being an inspiration to us.

Mrs Chua-Lim Yen ChingExecutive Director, Academy of Singapore Teachers

Thanks for taking care of us all these years, wishing you all the best in your future endeavours.

Mr ChuaNIE Canteen Economy rice stall owner

The National Institute of Education is a remarkable success story. Professor Lee Sing Kong’s leadership has helped significantly to contribute to this success during his tenure as director. NIE is recognized worldwide as a top institution for scholarship and research in education—recent rankings recognize this fact. Perhaps more importantly, NIE has helped to shape educational policy and practice in Singapore for decades—and has contributed to Singapore’s success in education. All of this takes leadership, dedication and good ideas. Lee Sing Kong has contributed all of these during his tenure as NIE’s Director.

Philip G. AltbachResearch Professor and Director, Center for International Higher Education, Boston College

My first close encounter with Professor Lee Sing Kong was when he was chairing my PhD confirmation panel in 2000 as Dean, and his strong assertions about the need for rigour. He asked pertinent questions about the methodology and it helped me consolidate the research plan for my study. When he became Director of NIE and spearheaded the 3:3:3 roadmap as a key strategic plan for NIE’s journey to becoming an institute of distinction, it was re-affirming to know that RIGOUR was still high on his list of priorities. To me, Professor Lee’s legacy to education is the excellent quality in teacher education that has undoubtedly stemmed from his belief in rigour.

Associate Professor Chang Chew HungAssociate Dean, Professional Development, Graduate Studies and Professional Learning, NIE

Professor Lee Sing Kong (LSK)…Leader extraordinaire, Steadfast and KindHail the leaders’ leaderSteadfast and calm in squalls and SumatrasHis steely focus magnetizes NIE’s 333 compass to point destination 2017His matrix structure serves a useful purposeHis confidence is assurance as NIEI ventures and earns $capital and reputation abroadHis captaincy steers the NIE ship to the education promised land- a globalised and Singaporean SingaporeHis leadership is grace, dignity and respectI listen, learn and lead

Professor Michael ChiaDean, Faculty Affairs, NIE


Chapter 4

Professor Lee Sing Kong dared to dream big dreams for NIE. He was also prepared to work hard at making those dreams come true. Along the way, he inspired many of us to think big for NIE. He has also done a lot in providing support for faculty and staff by putting in place innovative schemes that recognise good teaching and service contributions, as well as quietly offering help and guidance to many faculty and staff in the background. In achieving so much for NIE and himself professionally, Professor Lee leaves a legacy of excellence.

Professor Christine GohDean, Graduate Studies and Professional Learning, NIE

I had the honour of working with Professor Lee as his Personal Assistant for the past 13 years since he first became the Dean of Graduate Programmes and Research Office. He has been a busy man since the day I know him. Yet, he is always full of energy and passion in his works, and always ready to fly NIE’s flag high. Professor Lee is the kind of boss who trusts his staff to deliver our work but is ready to provide guidance when it is needed. He may have a loud voice but he never shouts at his staff. I have seldom seen him lose his cool even when he is under pressure. Instead, he treats everyone with respect, and is especially nice to the junior staff, workers and cleaners. During festive seasons, he will make an effort to go around the different offices to greet and to interact with the staff. This is the kind of family culture that he tries to inculcate in NIE.

Ms Charmaine Goh Hui KiatPersonal Assistant, Vice President (Education Strategies), President’s Office, NTU

Professor Lee Sing Kong has championed many key initiatives that have greatly impacted teacher education in Singapore and internationally. He was instrumental in the articulation of the 3:3:3 Roadmap which outlines NIE’s new strategic directions since 2007. I am proud to be part of this endeavor in working towards achieving NIE’s vision as an “Institute of Distinction”. Professor Lee has certainly put in place a strong foundation for NIE to continue to excel in teacher education and educational research.

Associate Professor Jonathan GohAssociate Dean, Office of Education Research, NIE

Professor Lee is, in many ways, an icon within NIE’s structure. Having known him for many years, his innate and natural intangible attributes and instincts have turned NIE into an international institute recognised by many established peers. NIE’s high standing and credibility is reflected and exemplified by his strong commitment, passion and determination as well as his ability to nurture and bring out the best from the staff through the many bold initiatives. His wealth of knowledge and networks are some of his hallmarks that we should continue to tap on.

Mr Edward D’ SilvaNIE Council Member Senior Advisor SAA Architects Pte Ltd

As a colleague working closely with Sing Kong in the NIE Council and NIE International, I am always impressed by his passion, dedication and commitment in taking NIE to greater heights. Under his helm, he has led NIE to achieve world class distinction in teacher education and research, contributing significantly to the education systems both locally and abroad.

Professor Er Meng HwaNIE Council Member and Chairman, NIEI Board of DirectorsVice President, International Affairs, NTU

It was such a pleasure to work with Professor Lee Sing Kong. His dynamic leadership, his warm hospitality and his clear insight into global education are remarkable. Being his colleague helped many of us in Faculties of Education around the world become better at what we do.

Professor Jane GaskellDepartment of Leadership, Higher and Adult EducationFormer Dean, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto

Professor Lee’s contributions to society have been inspirational. They span many disciplines, from horticulture to education; they are visible in airports and classrooms. A visionary leader, his ideas have led colleagues in Singapore and around the globe to engage with him in nothing short of the transformation of teacher education.

Professor Celia GenishiProfessor Emerita of Education, Teachers College, Columbia University


Chapter 4

I have known Sing Kong since the time he joined NIE. I have had the opportunity to serve with him in the various positions he has held, and in his various tasks and responsibilities, Sing Kong brought boundless confidence and passion. He is an excellent communicator, an optimist who by his enthusiasm and conviction was able to convince many, both nationally and internationally of the need to take teacher education and education research seriously. He was always passionate about NIE, its unique role in the education ecology of Singapore, its responsibilities, and worked hard to build trusting and collegial relationships with MOE and NTU.

Above all I give credit to Sing Kong for his efforts to ensure that NIE academic staff’s unique responsibility for teaching, research and the improvement of practice at the level of the school via practicum supervision was understood and acknowledged by NTU. His success was to lead, to the very creditable record of promotions and tenure for NIE staff.

Sing Kong has built very well on Professor Leo Tan’s initiatives to brand NIE as an institute of distinction. While we have always had a good reputation nationally, we now have an international reputation as represented in such networks as the International Alliance. Our reputation with such organisations as the World Bank, UNESCO, McKinsey in the UAE, Bahrain, Indonesia, the Philippines, among others.

Finally, Sing Kong has accomplished much in education, especially teacher education. His willingness to learn, to lead and to inspire will be an enduring legacy.

Dr S. Gopinathan Dean, School of Education (1994-2000) and Foundation Programme Office (2000-2003)

It was my privilege to meet Professor Lee Sing Kong during my time as New Zealand’s High Commissioner to Singapore. Professor Lee has had a distinguished career in many fields, and I was greatly impressed not only by his great knowledge, learning and experience, but also by the vision, humanity and enthusiasm he brought to his profession and in his many roles. I know he retains fond memories of his early days as a student of Canterbury University in New Zealand and I pay tribute to him as a distinguished and successful alumnus of that University.

Mr Peter HamiltonNew Zealand High Commissioner (2010-2012)

It has been my great privilege to have known and worked with Professor Lee since the early days of the National Institute of Education and to see how significantly he has contributed to its current development and status. From a head of department, to Dean, and Director in the last 7 years, his excellence in teaching, research and clear visionary leadership, and the values he espouses have made NIE internationally recognized as a powerhouse in teacher education and educational research.

Dr Goh Kim ChuanHead, Office of Academic Quality Management (2009-2012)

跟随李院长的这些年，我最大的享受就是听他现场演讲。李院长演讲时声音洪亮，神采飞扬，总让众人留下深刻印象。他总会提出共同愿景，让团队成员朝着一致的目标前进。正是在他的领导下，国立教育学院才能从新加坡本土教师的培训中心跃升为首屈一指的亚洲教育学府。

“Remembering Those Years under Director Lee Sing Kong”An invaluable learning experience for me in those years under Director Lee Sing Kong was the simple joy of listening to his vivid and memorable speeches. He always uses very simple language that goes straight to your heart. Articulating a shared vision, he would strongly encourage us to complete the jigsaw puzzle leading us towards an exciting future. His leadership was a key factor in transforming NIE from a mere local institute into a leading educational institution in Asia and the world.

Professor Goh Yeng Seng [吴英成]Asian Languages and Cultures Academic Group, NIE

It is hard to imagine that six+ years have passed since I first met Sing Kong. So much has been accomplished since then: the NIE/Teachers College MOU, the launch of our joint Masters programme, numerous professional exchanges. Thanks to his leadership, vision and faith, we enjoy a fruitful institutional partnership that will long endure. It has been an honour working with him and I look forward to many continued years of friendship and colleagueship as he begins his next adventure.

Professor A. Lin GoodwinVice Dean and Professor of Education, Teachers College, Columbia University

“跟随李院长的这些年”


Chapter 4

Over the last few years, I have learned a great deal from Sing Kong. As a good leader, he leads from his heart, gives whatever support and encouragement he can to his staff, stands firms on principles, is sensitive and humane and he leads the institution with great insight and vision. He can be a lovely colleague while being a boss as well. His leadership is exemplary, and his humaneness makes him approachable. He has offered his best to NIE.

Professor Lee Wing OnDean, Office of Education Research, NIE

Professor Lee has led NIE to many significant achievements in the areas of teacher education, educational research and policies that have placed NIE as a leader among the top universities worldwide. Just think of TE21, V3SK and the 3:3:3 Roadmap. He often told the “jigsaw puzzle story” to illustrate the point that each and every colleague at NIE plays an equally important role at NIE and in contributing to the success of Singapore’s education system.

Associate Professor Lim Kam MingAssociate Dean, Office of Teacher Education, NIE

Professor Lee Sing Kong is a magnanimous, bold and visionary leader with a good, sincere and caring heart. These qualities inspire the trust and confidence of others in him, including myself. It has been an honour and privilege to work with Professor Lee all these years, and I shall miss him.

Associate Professor Levan LimHead, Early Childhood and Specialised Education Academic Group, NIE

Having worked closely with Professor Lee Sing Kong during my stint as Dean/FA, especially on faculty matters, I have been most touched by the way he argues NIE cases so passionately at NTU panels on contract renewals or P & T. He is a very compassionate and caring leader who is deeply concerned for the well-being of his colleagues.

Dr Lim-Teo Suat KhohDean, Faculty Affairs (2006-2011)

Sing Kong is one of the great world leaders of educational change, and has been a huge source of inspiration for me in my own work on global educational change. As the ultimate leader of all the training, development and research in education in Singapore, Sing Kong has discharged immense responsibility for the next generations of Singapore - one of the most recognized high performers in education worldwide. As a colleague, a friend and an admirer, I want to thank him for all he has done to improve education within and beyond his island nation.

Professor Andy HargreavesThomas More Brennan Chair in Education, Lynch School of Education, Boston College

Professor Lee Sing Kong has made an exceptional contribution as NIE’s Director. He has understood above all else that innovation and quality go together and that neither is enough without the other. His enthusiasm, leadership and drive have moved NIE into the front rank of schools of education, forging links globally and regionally to drive change. His legacy to NIE is wide ranging and will endure.

Professor Chris HusbandsInstitute of Education, University of London

Directors are usually perceived as ‘high up’ in the organizational hierarchy, but Sing Kong has always been approachable and available. His vision in setting up the Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice since 2002, and his relentless support for research through the past decade is simply incomparable.

Professor David HungAssociate Dean, Office of Education Research, NIE

中国国家教育部副部长刘教民博士访问NIE之后对我说：校长是学校的灵魂，是创新思想的引领者，见了李院长之后，他明白了NIE取得这样优越成绩的原因所在，李院长就是NIE的灵魂。李院长凭借个人的领导魅力、专业权威、文化涵养和国际胸怀，形成了新加坡国立教育学院的独特办学风格卓越的教育格局，在中国教育界赢得了尊敬和爱戴。春风吹和煦，桃李竟成行。

Ms Kong LijuanEaston International Pte Ltd


Chapter 4

I first met Lee Sing Kong at the start of my deanship in 2004. He was then Dean of Graduate Programmes and Research (GPR). This was the start of an important academic partnership and genuine friendship. I thank him for that and pay tribute to his vision and leadership, not only on the national, but also the international stage, which has facilitated many significant collaborations. He has left a lasting legacy. Well done!

Professor Field W RickardsDean, Melbourne Graduate School of Education

We all owe Lee Sing Kong an enormous debt of gratitude for the brilliant ensemble of pedagogical sparkle, inexhaustible energy, and irrepressible humour he has brought to the international educational profession. He has lifted all of our spirits through word and deed and shown us that we can indeed realize our dreams if we will but work together, tackle our most pressing problems, and persevere in a tireless quest for achievement with integrity. Let’s all work to emulate his inspiring example!

Professor Dennis ShirleyLynch School of Education, Boston College

Professor Lee Sing Kong was deservedly awarded the National Technology Award 2000, and Urban Agriculture Award 2000 in transforming the concept of agriculture and greenery for cities, and for commercializing the aeroponic technology. He was also awarded the Innovation of the Year Award 2001, Singapore for growing temperate plants in the tropics. Beyond all these big awards, to all of us, he has been our role model and embodiment of a great visionary, scientist, explorer, entrepreneur, technologist, educator, and innovator. To me, I always remember Professor Lee as an inspirational leader, a diehard optimist, and a kind-hearted and encouraging person.

Thanks and best wishes

Associate Professor Augustine TanAssociate Dean, Faculty Affairs, NIE

Prof Lee’s vision for TE21, and his capacity and will to rally the NIE family to a common vision has brought NIE to a new height. We are thankful for his strong leadership and are privileged to have worked with a man that has the confidence and courage to make tough decisions, yet the compassion and care to listen to the needs of others.

Associate Professor Liu Woon ChiaDean, Office of Teacher Education, NIE

Professor Lee Sing Kong has guided us over the years and he will always be remembered for his decisiveness in making decisions.He is a charismatic and caring leader and we deeply appreciate all he has done for us.

Ms Low Peck SanHead, Finance, NIE

I have spent many years in the car with Professor Lee Sing Kong for his official duties and external meetings…many precious memories have happened in the course of my duty which showed me what a truly humble man he is. We had to drive for an official meeting to Genting Highlands via Kuala Lumpur and he kept me awake by peeling oranges for me to eat. We needed lunch and he invited me for Samy’s Curry.

Mr Muhammad Bin ShariffDriver, Director’s Office, NIE

Professor Lee’s bold-ness, tenacity, spirit of change and passion for education is admirable.

Associate Professor Ng Pak TeeHead, Policy and Leadership Studies Academic GroupAssociate Dean, Leadership Learning, Graduate Studies and Professional Learning, NIE

Boss (Director) is a very kind man who has no airs. He is always ready to hear from others. I find him hardworking as he arrives to work early, sometimes as early as 6.30am! I do hope to see him around in NIE after his retirement.

Uncle Poon Chee ChuenNIE Cleaner


Chapter 4

Professor Lee Sing Kong is an individual imbued with an unwavering desire to pursue innovative ideas. From the development of NIE’s matrix organizational structure, to the creation of the consultancy and the training-development entity, NIE-International, Professor Lee has indeed demonstrated a vivid understanding of global trends and changes impacting the education of 21st century teachers, and the need of lifelong learning for sustained employability in the new knowledge economy.

Associate Professor Steven Tan Kwang SanDeputy Divisional Director, Office of Academic Administration and Services, NIE

Professor Lee is a person who defies natural laws. He demonstrates that sound travels faster than light – you often hear him before you see him. Whenever you meet him, be it in the canteen or a formal meeting, he often speaks with conviction, with his naturally endowed thunderous voice. It is probably a reflection of his enthusiasm and passion about his job, and his sincerity towards others. If he feels that you are doing the right thing, he will not hesitate to give you his support. I am grateful for his support in all these years.

Associate Professor Tan Seng CheeAssociate Dean, Graduate Studies and Professional Learning, NIE

Professor Lee Sing Kong has indeed provided strong leadership to NIE over the 8 years of his tenure as Director/NIE, enabling it to make great strides in so many areas, whether in teacher training, research in education or NIE’s international standing. It has been a pleasure serving with him on the NIE Council and seeing him work closely with all his colleagues to achieve their goals.

Mr Ronnie TayNIE Council Member,Chief Executive Officer, National Environment Agency

Having served under Sing Kong during his tenure as Director, I can attest that he is a man with very clear vision. He saw the course he wanted NIE to steer, set his sights on goals that would achieve distinction for the Institute and directed it towards those goals with dedication and perseverance. To this task, he brought a spirit of entrepreneurship often advocated but seldom truly achieved in educational institutions.

Mr Sim Cheng TeeDivisional Director, Corporate Planning and Development Division (1993-2007)

From the very first time I met Professor Lee, I was struck by his infectious energy and enthusiasm. He had a crystal clear vision for NIE. Coupled with his passion and dedication to his job, Professor Lee forged an accelerated path to bring NIE to where it is today.

Dr Benedict TanNIE Council Member Chief of Sports Medicine, Changi General Hospital

NIE was fortunate to have Professor Lee at its helm for the last 8 years. He built on the strong foundations laid down by his predecessor, and was instrumental in bringing NIE to greater prominence in the international arena. Now, NIE is a highly respected School of Education, in line with Professor Lee’s vision to make NIE an “institute of distinction” renowned for excellence in teacher education and educational research. Professor Lee has therefore left a lasting mark on Singapore’s educational landscape.

Professor Tan Eng ChyeNIE Council MemberDeputy President (Academic Affairs) and ProvostNational University of Singapore

I have worked with many bosses and they are great leaders. Professor Lee, in my personal journey with him, is the boss with the most bold, clear and precise vision!

He is a man of integrity and determination. His leadership influenced ACIS to work at our very best. We appreciate his personal involvement with us as a caring boss and his messages and legacy will continue to inspire us.

He is a true leader who sets a solid foundation for the future leaders of education and an exemplary role model for each and every one of us.

Mr Tan Hoon ChiangDivisional Director, Academic and Computing Information Services, NIE


Chapter 4

I salute Professor Lee for his major contribution to the development of the study of education in Singapore and worldwide. Alongside his impressive leadership of NIE, Sing Kong took a lead in the International Alliance of Leading Education Institutes, where I greatly valued him both as a colleague and as a friend. His enthusiasm and optimism inspired all of us who worked with him.

Professor Geoff Whitty Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (CBE)Director Emeritus, Institute of Education, University of London

李教授在中国河北教育界有着广泛的影响。他以其特有的人文关怀、教育理念和务实态度，赢得了学界同仁和合作伙伴的赞誉；他所具有的国际视野、跨文化领导能力令人钦佩。李教授不仅是一位儒雅可敬的学者，更是一位值得信赖的朋友。

翟海魂副厅长

Mr Zhai Hai HunDean, Hebei Education Examination AuthorityDeputy Director, Hebei Education Bureau

During his tenure as the Director of NIE, Professor Lee Sing Kong jointly launched the establishment of the International Alliance of Leading Education Institutes (IALEI) with Professor Geoff Whitty and I, which built an important platform for the close cooperation of educational research worldwide.

Professor Binxian ZhanFormer Dean of School of Education, Beijing Normal University

Leadership is much about what you can see and what you can say, more importantly about whom you can lead and what the team and organization can gain and attain, in other words, what you can make happen with your followers. This is what I can find from my long-last friend, even a mentor, Director Professor Lee Sing Kong. We met in 2004. Ten years find the links between NIE, BNU and IOE tightened, the international alliance from ten renowned schools of education burgeoning, sharing insights, inspiring new initiatives, and making the common language, education, understood better across borders.

周作宇校长

Professor Zhou ZuoyuXinjiang Normal University

Your “servanthood leadership” and “service with heart” approach as NIE Director have inspired many, including me. Known outwardly for your loud, booming voice that no doubt emanates from a strong passion for and conviction in education, you’re equally appreciated for your genuine care and heartfelt compassion for your “NIE family”.

Associate Professor Peter TeoHead, English Language and Literature Academic Group, NIE

We are very grateful for Sing Kong’s leadership and vision. He was the strong voice which brought together an international collaboration of Schools/ Institutes of Education around the world. This collaboration has provided us networking and increased awareness of many global issues. It has been an honour to work with him.

Professor Julie UnderwoodDean, School of Education, University of Wisconsin – Madison

We appreciate the enormous effort by Professor Lee in positioning NIE with the 3:3:3 roadmap from 2007 to 2012. As a passionate and energetic leader, Professor Lee has lifted NIE’s reputation and world standing to where we are today. This allows PESS to strive for new heights and excellence and emerge as a leader in the field of Physical Education and Sports Science internationally.

Professor John WangPhysical Education and Sports Science (PESS) Academic Group and colleagues of PESS, NIE

Professor Lee was instrumental in mooting the concept of the “Library as Space”. This became the underlying principle for our renovation project. Such was his interest in the Library that during visits by VIPs, Professor Lee would take much pride in personally showing them around the Library.

We greatly appreciate the concern that Professor Lee has shown towards our staff. When he knew that two of them had medical problems, he came to the Library to ask how they were doing. We are grateful for his caring leadership and wish him well in his future endeavours.

Mrs Wan-Yeoh Seok KwanHead Librarian and LIBRIS Team, NIE


BooksErcelawn, A. C., Lee, S. K., Lum, S. K. Y., & LaFrankie, J. V. (1999). In The 2-ha forest dynamic plot at Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, Singapore: Methods, maps and stand diameter tables. Panama: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Foo, J., & Lee, S. K. (Eds.). (1991). Biotechnology made simple. Singapore: Ngee Ann Polytechnic and Singapore Science Centre.

Komen, J., Cohen, J., & Lee, S. K. (Eds.). (1994). Turning priorities into feasible programs: Proceedings from Regional Seminar on Planning, Priorities and Policies for Agricultural Biotechnology in Southeast Asia. The Hague, The Netherlands: Intermediary Biotechnology Service.

LaFrankie, J. V., Davies, S. J., Wang, L. K., Lee, S. K., & Lum, S. K. Y. (2005). Forest trees of Bukit Timah: Population ecology in a tropical forest fragment. Singapore: Simply Green.

LaFrankie, J. V., Ercelawn, A., Lum, S., & Lee, S. K. (2000). Trees of Bukit Timah: A study in population ecology. Singapore: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Centre of Tropical Forest Science.

Lee, S. K. (1984). Propagation of certain tropical trees (Unpublished doctoral thesis). National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Lee, S. K. (1990). From garden to kitchen: Grow your own fruits and vegetables. Singapore: Times Books International.

Lee, S. K. (1994). Fengshan: A decade of community building. Singapore: Grassroots Organisations of Fengshan.

Lee, S. K. (1994). Using active learning to promote higher order cognitive strategies among biology undergraduates (Unpublished project report). Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, National Institute of Education.

Lee, S. K. (Ed.). (2001). Science (Vols. 3A - 3B). Singapore: MPH Education

Lee, S. K., & Chua, S. E. (1992). More than a garden city. Singapore: Ministry of National Development, Parks & Recreation Department.

Lee, S. K., Goh, C. B., Fredriksen, B., & Tan, J. P. (Eds.). (2008). Toward a better future: Education and training for economic development in Singapore since 1965. Singapore: National Institute of Education.

Lee, S. K., Goh, K. C., Quek, J. J., & Low, E. L. (Eds.). (2006). Motivator, mentor, model. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University, National Institute of Education.

Lee, S. K., Lee, W. O., & Low, E. L. (Eds.). (2014). Educational policy innovations: Levelling up and sustaining education achievement. Singapore: Springer.

Lee, S. K., & Lum, S. (1996). A guide to common horticultural shrubs. Singapore: The Science Centre.

Book ChaptersDodd, I. C., He, J., Tan, L.P., & Lee, S.K. (2001). Phytohormones and temperate vegetable production at high root zone temperature. In N. A. Khan & Samiullah (Eds.), Phytohormones in crop productivity under different environments (pp. 25-41). Jodhpur, India: Scientific Publishers.

Goh, C. B., & Lee, S. K. (2008). Making teacher education responsive and relevant. In S. K. Lee, C. B. Goh, B. Fredriksen, & J. P. Tan (Eds.), Toward a better future: Education and training for economic development in Singapore since 1965 (pp. 96-113). Singapore: National Institute of Education.

Lee, S. K. (1988). Greenery for buildings. In B. B. P. Lim (Ed.), The control of the external environment of buildings (pp. 155-167). Singapore: Singapore University Press.

Lee, S. K. (1995). Concept of the garden city. In G. L. Ooi (Ed.), Environment and the city: Sharing Singapore’s experience and future challenges (pp. 129-147). Singapore: Times Academic Press for Institute of Policy Studies.

Lee, S.K. (2000). More than a tropical garden city. In Information resource for horticulture [CD]. London, England: Institute of Horticulture.

Lee. S. K., & Low, E. L. (2014). Conceptualising teacher preparation for educational innovation: Singapore’s approach. In S. K. Lee, W. O. Lee & E. L. Low (Eds.), Educational policy innovations: Levelling up and sustaining educational achievement (pp. 49-70). Singapore: Springer.

Lee, S. K., & Ooi, G. L. (1998). Ecotourism and development in Singapore. In M. Kieserling (Ed.), Singapur: Metropole im Wandel (pp. 86-104). Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

Lum, S. K. Y., Lee, S. K., & LaFrankie, J. V. (2004). Bukit Timah forest dynamics plot, Singapore. In E. Losos & E. Leigh Jr. (Eds.), Tropical forest diversity and dynamism (pp. 464-473). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Rao, A. N., & Lee, S. K. (1987). An overview of the in-vitro propagation of woody plants and plantation crops. In L. A. Withers & P. G. Alderson (Eds.), Plant tissue culture and its agricultural applications (pp. 123-138). London, England: Butterworths.

Stott, K., & Lee, S. K. (2005). Developing innovative leadership. In M. Coles & G. Southworth (Eds.), Developing leadership: Creating the schools of tomorrow (pp. 95-107). Maidenhead, England: Open University Press.

Subramaniam, R., & Lee, S. K. (2012). Aeroponics: Experiences from Singapore on a green technology for urban farming. In D. R. Gallagher (Ed.), Environmental leadership: A reference handbook (pp. 653-662). Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage.

Tan, L., & Lee, S. K. (2002). Mangroves. In D. Levinson, & K. Christensen (Eds.), Encyclopedia of modern Asia (Vol. 4, p. 35). New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Tan, W. K., Lee, S. K., Wee, Y. C., & Foong, T. W. (1995). Urbanization and nature conservation. In G. L. Ooi (Ed.), Environment and the city: Sharing Singapore’s experience and future challenges (pp. 185-199). Singapore: Times Academic Press for Institute of Policy Studies.

A Select Bibliography of Professor Lee Sing Kong

Bibliography78 79From nurturing plants to growing teachers

Journal ArticlesChristensen, J. K., Hoeyer, B., Kryger, K., Pind, N., & Lee, S. K. (1998). Sulfides in the anaerobic environment: The determination of hydrogen sulfide and acid-soluble metallic sulfides in sea-floor sediment. Journal of Chemical Education, 75(12), 1605-1608. doi: 10.1021/ed075p1605

Chu, C. K., & Lee, S. K. (1995). Nutrient content of vegetables grown in soil and soilless systems. ASEAN Food Journal, 10(2), 76-80.

Dodd, I. C., He, J., Tumbull, C. G. N., Lee, S. K., & Critchley, C. (2000). The influence of supra-optimal root-zone temperatures on growth and stomatal conductance in Capsicum annuum L. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51(343), 239-248. doi: 10.1093/jexbot/51.343.239

Ercelawn, A. C., LaFrankie, J. V., Lum, S. K. Y., & Lee, S. K. (1998). Short-term recruitment of trees in a forest fragment in Singapore. Tropics, 8(1/2), 105-115. doi: 10.3759/tropics.8.105

He, J., Austin, P. T., & Lee, S. K. (2010). Effects of elevated root zone CO2 and air temperature on photosynthetic gas exchange, nitrate uptake, and total reduced nitrogen content in aeroponically grown lettuce plants. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61(14), 3959-3969. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erq207

He, J., Austin, P. T., Nichols, M. A., & Lee, S. K. (2004). Effect of root-zone CO2 on productivity and photosynthesis in aeroponically grown lettuce plants. Acta Horticulturae, 648(5), 39-45.

He, J., Austin, P. T., Nichols, M. A., & Lee, S. K. (2007). Elevated root-zone CO2 protects lettuce plants from midday depression of photosynthesis. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 61(1), 94-101. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.04.001

He, J., & Lee, S. K. (1997). Photosynthetic adaptation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to fluctuations of hot ambient temperature with the manipulation of rootzone temperature. Plant Physiology, 114 (3 Suppl), 217.

He, J., & Lee, S.K. (1998). Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under fluctuating hot ambient temperatures with the manipulation of cool rootzone temperature. Journal of Plant Physiology, 152(4-5), 387-391. doi: 10.1016/S0176-1617(98)80252-6

He, J., & Lee, S. K. (1998). Growth and photosynthetic responses of three aeroponically grown lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa L.) to different rootzone temperatures and growth irradiances under tropical aerial conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 73(2), 173-180.

He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2001). Relationship among photosynthesis, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and water relations of the subtropical vegetable Chinese broccoli grown in the tropics by manipulation of root-zone temperature. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 46(2), 119-128. doi: 10.1016/S0098-8472(01)00089-2

He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2001). Root to shoot communication in certain temperate and sub-tropical crops grown aeroponically in the tropics. The NIE Researcher, 1(2), 6.

He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2004). Photosynthetic utilization of radiant energy by temperate lettuce grown under

natural tropical condition with manipulation of root-zone temperature. Photosynthetica, 42(3), 457-463. doi: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000046166.29815.94

He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2013). Impact of climate change on food security and proposed solutions for the modern city. Acta Horticulturae , 1004, 41-52.

He, J., Lee, S. K., & Dodd, I. C. (2001). Limitations to photosynthesis of lettuce grown under tropical conditions: Alleviation by root-zone cooling. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(359), 1323-1330. doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.359.1323

He, J., Qin, L., & Lee, S. K. (2013). Root-zone CO2 and root-zone temperature effects on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of aeroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants in the tropics. Photosynthetica , 52, 330-340. doi: 10.1007/s11099-013-0030-5

He, J., Tan, L. P., & Lee, S. K. (2009). Root-zone temperature effects on photosynthesis, 14C-photoassimilate partitioning and growth of temperate lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. ‘Panama’) in the tropics. Photosynthetica, 47(1), 95-103. doi: 10.1007/s11099-009-0015-6

Kakali, M., & Lee, S. K. (1996). Regeneration of adventitious shoots from in-vitro cultured petioles and leaf segments of Peperomia magnoliaefolia (Jacq.) Dietr. Journal of the Singapore Academy of Science, 24, 80 -84.

Kryger, L., & Lee, S. K. (1995). Effects of soil ageing on the accumulation of hydrogen sulphide and metallic sulphides in mangrove areas in Singapore. Environmental International, 21, 85-91.

Kryger, L., & Lee, S. K. (1996). Effects of mangrove soil ageing on the accumulation of hydrogen sulphide in roots of Avicennia spp. Biogeochemistry, 35, 367-375.

LaFrankie, J. V., Lee, S. K., & Ercelawn, A. C. (1996). Tree population structure in a tropical forest fragment in Singapore. Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, 2 , 39-48.

Lee, S. K. (1985). How to green an island: The secret of Singapore. Tropical Forests, 2, 29-31.

Lee, S. K. (1993). Aeroponic system as a tool to accelerate rooting of hardwood cuttings. Journal of the Singapore Academy of Science, 21, 3-5.

Lee, S. K. (1998). Aeroponics: A new way of farming in Singapore. PACE: Setting the Pace for Primary Science Education, 23, 4.

Lee, S. K. (2001). Graduate programmes and research at NIE. The NIE Researcher , 1(1), 1-2.

Lee, S. K., & Cheong, S. C. (1996). Inducing head formation of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the tropics through root-zone temperature control. Tropical Agriculture, 73(1), 34-42.

Lee, S. K., Chua, S. E., & Rao, A. N. (1993). Acclimatisation of South American plant species introduced to Singapore. Journal of the Singapore Academy of Science, 21, 24-31.


Lee, S. K., Goh, K. C., & Yee, S. O. (1993). Afforestation as an interim measure to improve reclaimed lands in Singapore. Land Degradation & Rehabilitation, 4(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1002/ldr.3400040102

Lee, S. K., Goh, K. C., & Yee, S. O. (1997). Natural regeneration of vegetation as an alternative for greening sandfilled reclaimed land in Singapore. Land Degradation and Development, 8, 59 -70 .

Lee, S. K., & Rao, A. N. (1980). Tissue culture of certain tropical trees. Developments in Plant Biology, 5, 305-311.

Lee, S. K., & Rao, A. N. (1984). Axillary buds of some tropical trees. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore, 37, 65-79.

Lee, S. K., & Rao, A. N. (1986). In-vitro regeneration of plantlets in Fagraea fragrans Roxb.- a tropical tree. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 7, 43 -51.

Lee, S .K., & Rao, A. N. (1987). Propagation of some tropical trees by rooted cuttings. Journal of the Singapore Academy of Science, 16, 11-18.

Lee, S. K., & Rao, A. N. (1988). Plantlet production of Swietenia macrophylla King through tissue culture. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore, 41, 11-18.

Lee, S. K., Tan, W. H., & Lim, S. S. L. (1995). Importance of biology in environmental education. Singapore Journal of Education, 15, 63 - 70.

Lee, S. K., Tan, W. H., & Havanond, S. (1996). Regeneration and colonisation of mangrove on clay filled reclaimed land in Singapore. Hydrobiologia, 319, 23-35.

Lee, S. K., Wong, Y. W., Liu, C. Y., & Cheong, S. (1997). Optimising aeroponic systems for urban farming in Singapore [Special issue]. Tropical Agriculture, 137-143.

Lee, S. K., & Wu, F. (2000). Infusing elements of National Education in everyday lessons. Teaching and Learning, 20(2), 64-70.

Lim, M., & Lee, S. K. (1996). Pilot scale cultivation of iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) using aeroponic systems in the tropics. Journal of Primary Production, 24, 11-18.

Lim-Ho, C. L., & Lee, S. K. (1985). Micropropagation of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore, 38, 175-184.

Low, E. L., & Lee, S. K. (2012). Bringing Singapore’s teacher education beyond its shores. Educational Research for Policy and Practice, 11(1), 43-51. doi: 10.1007/s10671-011-9116-7

Luo, H. Y., He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2009). Interaction between calcium concentration and growth irradiance on photosynthesis and growth of temperate lettuce in the tropics. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32(12), 2062-2079. doi: 10.1080/01904160903308150

Luo, H. Y., He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2012). Interaction between potassium concentration and root-zone temperature on growth and photosynthesis of temperate lettuce grown in tropics. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 35(7), 1004-1021. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2012.671404

Luo, H. Y., Lee, S. K., & He, J. (2009). Integrated effects of root- zone temperatures and phosphorus levels on aeroponically-grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the tropics. The Open Horticulture Journal, 2, 6-12. doi: 10.2174/1874840600902010006

Majumdar, K., Lee, S. K., & Tham, F. Y. (2001). Effect of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and ethyl methanesulfonate on cultures of Fagraea fragrans: Induction and propagation of mutant lines. Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, 4(2), 17-26.

Martin-Laurent, F., Fremont, M., Lee, S.K., Tham, F.Y., Prin, Y.,Tan, T.K., & Diem, H.G. (1999). Reforestation in South East Asia using Acacia mangium inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 11(2), 470-483.

Martin-Laurent, F., Lee, S. K., Tham, F. Y., He, J., & Diem, H. G. (1999). Aeroponic production of Acacia mangium saplings inoculated with AM fungi for reforestation in the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management, 122(3), 199-207. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00006-7

Martin-Laurent, F., Lee, S. K., Tham, F. Y., He, J., Diem, H. G., & Durand, P. (1997). A new approach to enhance growth and nodulation of Acacia mangium through aeroponic culture. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 25(1), 7-12. doi: 10.1007/s003740050272

Martin-Laurent, F., Tham, F. Y., & Lee, S. K. (2001). In vitro mycorrhization of Acacia mangium Willd. with Pisolithus spp. Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, 4(2), 35-40.

Martin-Laurent, F., Tham, F. Y., Lee, S. K., He, J., & Diem, H. G. (2000). Field assessment of aeroponically grown and nodulated Acacia mangium. Australian Journal of Botany, 48(1), 109-114. doi: 10.1071/BT97115

Qin, L., He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2002). Response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth to reciprocal root-zone temperature (RZT) transfer at different growth stages. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 77(6), 683-690.

Qin, L., He, J., Lee, S. K., & Dodd, I. C. (2007). An assessment of the role of ethylene in mediating lettuce (Lactuca sativa) root growth at high temperatures. Journal of Experimental Botany, 58(11), 3017-3024. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erm156

Teo, L. L., Kiew, R., Tan, W. K., Lee, S. K., & Gan, Y. Y. (2002). Hybrid status of kuwini, Mangifera odorata Griff. (Anacardiaceae) verified by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Molecular Ecology, 11(8), 1465-1469. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01550.x

Tan, L. P., He, J., & Lee, S. K. (1999). Physiological responses of certain ornamental plants to sludge and artificial topsoils derived from flyash, sludge, and rengam series subsoil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 22(6), 987-999. doi: 10.1080/01904169909365688

Tan, L. P., He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2002). Effects of root-zone temperature on the root development and nutrient uptake of Lactuca sativa L. “Panama” grown in an aeroponic system in an aeroponic system in the tropics. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25(2), 297-314. doi: 10.1081/PLN-100108837


Tan, L P., He, J., & Lee, S. K. (2004). Growth of some tropical ornamental plants on artificial topsoils derived from mixtures of flyash, sludge, biochips, and rengam series subsoil. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27(1), 75-94. doi: 10.1081/PLN-120027548

Tan, L. P., He, J., Lim, T. T., & Lee, S. K. (2003). Metal leaching and physiological effects of tropical ornamental plants grown in flyash-sludge-amended topsoils. IES Journal, 43, 43-50.

Weber, J., Prin, Y., M., Tham, F. Y., Ducousso, M., & Lee, S. K. (2005). Survival and growth of Acacia mangium Willd. bare-rooted seedlings after storage and transfer from the aeroponic culture to the field. Annals of Forest Science, 62(5), 475-477. doi: 10.1051/forest:2005044

Weber, J., Ducousso, M., Tham, F. Y., Nourissier-Mountou, S., Galiana, A., Prin, Y., & Lee, S. K. (2005). Co-inoculation of Acacia mangium with Glomus intraradices and Bradyrhizobium sp. in aeroponic culture. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 41(4), 233-239. doi: 10.1007/s00374-005-0833-z

Weber, J., Tham, F. Y., Galiana, A., Prin, Y., Ducousso, M., & Lee, S. K. (2007). Effect of nitrogen source on the growth and nodulation of Acacia mangium Willd. in aeroponic culture. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 19(2), 103-112.

Wong, C., Kiew, R., Argent, G., Set, O., Lee, S. K., & Gan, Y. Y. (2002). Assessment of the validity of the sections in Musa (Musaceae) using AFLP. Annals of Botany, 90(2), 231-238. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcf170

Wong, C., Kiew, R., Lamb, A., Ohn, S., Lee, S. K., Gan, L. H., & Gan, Y. Y. (2001). Sectional placement of three Bornean species of Musa (Musaceae) based on amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore, 53, 327-341.

Wong, C., Kiew, R., Loh, J. P., Gan, L. H., Set, O., Lee, S. K., Lum, S., & Gan, Y. Y. (2001). Genetic diversity of the wild banana Musa acuminata Colla in Malaysia as evidenced by AFLP. Annals of Botany, 88(6), 1017-1025. doi: 10.1006/anbo.2001.1542

Editorial Team

Editor-in-chief : Low Ee Ling

Team Members :Patricia CampbellChew-Ooi Lian PingZoelyn Choy May SanHilary HoOng Ying HanJolene TanWan-Yeoh Seok Kwan

Designed by Moxie Design

Copyright@ 2014 National Institute of EducationNanyang Technological University, Singapore

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

ISBN 9789810915476

National Institute of EducationNanyang Technological University1 Nanyang WalkSingapore 637616

www.nie.edu.sg

84 From nurturing plants to growing teachers

from nurturing plants to growing teachers

Documents