/AP Biology Reading GuideFred and Theresa Holtzclaw

Chapter 53: Population Ecology

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Chapter 53: Population Ecology

The next three chapters on population, community, and' eeosysteni ecology provide the academicbackbone for this unit on ecology. Each chapter is a different organizational level in ecology, startingwith population ecology. Before beginning your study of each chapter, be sure you have a clearunderstanding of the terms in the chapter title.

Concept 53.1 Dynamic biological processes influence population density, dispersion, an ddemographics

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A population ecologist wished to determin~f~ze of a population of white-footed deer mice.Perotnyscus leucopus, in a J -hectare field. Her first trapping yielded 80 mice, all or whichwere marked with a dab of purple hair dye on the back of the neck. Two weeks later, thetrapping was repeated. This time 75 mice were trapped, out of which 48 of the mice weremarked. Using the formula N = I17n/.x:, what is the population of mice in the field? (Answer is at

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4. Explain the impact of immigration and emigration on population density. (To avoid confusionbetween these two terms, it might help to use this memory trick: immigration is the movement

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AP Biology Reading GuideFred and Theresa Holtzclaw

Chapter 53: Population Ecology

5. Label the dispersion pattern shown by each population in the figure below. Second, and mostimportant, what do the dispersion patterns tell us about the popular ion and its intcractions?

6. In what population statistic do demographers have a particular interest? How is this data often

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y;~r~;~~~c;;~:t~liabouJ- the, same !f98 (is-lro}Survivorship curves show patterns of survival. In general terms, survivorship curves can beclassified into three types. Using the figure below, label and explain the three idealizedsurvivorship patterns. Ty I

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AP Biology Reading GuideFred and Theresa Holtzclaw

Chapter 53: Population Ecology

9. In the natural world, many species show survivorship curves that are combinations of thestandard curves. How would an open nesting songbird's survivorship curve appear if it wasType Ill for the first year and then Type II for the rest of its lif span? Sketch this curve on thesurvivorship curve graph in question 8. "",!;.r

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Concept 53.2 Life history traits are products of natural selection

II. On what is the life history of an organism based?

12. What three variables form the life history ofa species?

13. Explain the difference between semelparity (big-bang reproduction) and iicroparity (repeatedreproduction) as Ii fe h istory strategies.

14. Explain how two critical factors influence whether a species will evolve toward scmclparity oritcroparity.

IS. Explain the effect of offspring care on parental survival in kestrels.

Concept 53.3 The exponential model describes population growth in all idealized, utt limitedenvironment

Do not let the math in this section be a problem. Instead of trying to understand the calculus involved,concentrate on the idea of exponential growth, how it is graphed, and what this type of growthindicates about a population.

•16. What is the advantage to using per capita birth and death rates nither than just the raw numbers

of births and deaths?

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