Fuelling The FutureFuel Cell Vehicle Development

By Jamie McBrien

IET Present Around the World 2014

Mechanical Engineer, Johnson Matthey Fuel Cells

Current issues

Carbon Dioxide

Nitrogen Oxides

Carbon Monoxide

Particulate matter

Other toxins

• 1bn vehicles worldwide each emit 5 tonnes of CO2 per year• Legislation for 1.5 million ZEVs on California’s roadways by 2025

What are fuel cell vehicles?Hydrogen

Storage TankPower

Control Unit

Fuel Cell Stack

Electric Motor

Fuel Cell: Hydrogen + Oxygen → WaterCombustion: Petrol + Oxygen → Water + CO2 + CO + NOx + Particles / toxins

Why are they being developed?

• Zero emissions and better efficiency

• Direct replacement for current vehicles

• Opportunity to use renewable energy

0

300

BatteriesPetrol

Hydrogen

Weight of Energy System to Travel

100 miles

25%

75%

Combustion Engine

Typical Engine Efficiency

50%50%

Fuel CellUsed Lost

Comparison with Batteries

Fuel Cell Vehicles

Battery Vehicles

Refuel in 5 mins Take up to 7 hours to charge

300 – 400 miles range

100 miles range

Recharging:

Refuelling:

Who is developing them?

1990 2000 2010 2020

Where is the technology heading?

Conclusions

Any Questions?

One common myth

Initial ignition

After 1 minute

Hydrogen Vehicle Petrol Vehicle

http://www.cleancaroptions.com/html/hydrogen_safety.html#CarCrash

And Electric Vehicles…..

http://www.autoblog.com/2013/10/14/tesla-fire-chilled-battery-car-market-opinion/

Tesla Electric Vehicle

What are Fuel Cells?

�� → 2��

+ 2�

1

2�� + 2�

�+ 2�

→ ���

Hydrogen network

Cost Reductions

Time

Cost

2010 20172000

$275/Kw

$51/Kw

$30/Kw

Different to batteries:

Chemical Energy Store

Chemical Reactions

Electrical Energy

Fuel SourceChemical Reactions

Electrical Energy

Battery:

Fuel Cell:

Other References• Slide 3:

� http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2522963/So-bad-SPACE-China-smog-grounded-planes-left-millions-risk-pollution-remains-crisis-point.html

• Slide 4;� http://www.intechopen.com/books/electric-vehicles-the-benefits-and-barriers/fuel-cell-hybrid-electric-vehicles

• Slide 5:� http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nissan_LEAF_got_thirsty_trimmed.jpg

� http://blogs.cars.com/.a/6a00d83451b3c669e20191025840ee970c-800wi

• Slide 6:� http://www.caranddriver.com/news/gms-fuel-cell-vehicle-development-plan-car-news

� http://www.daimler.com/dccom/0-5-1228969-1-1401029-1-0-0-1401206-0-0-135-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0.html

� http://automobiles.honda.com/fcx-clarity/exterior-photos.aspx

� http://www.intelligent-energy.com/automotive/case-studies/london-taxi-company

� http://www.fuelcelltoday.com/analysis/analyst-views/2012/12-10-10-fuel-cell-vehicles-not-a-dream-but-a-plan

� http://www.nuvera.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/toyota-fcev.jpg

• Slide 7:� http://bioage.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c4fbe53ef0192aa61fa0b970d-popup