Fuels and Vehicles in CEE Region

Regional Meeting on Sustainable Transport Policies in South Eastern

Europe Budapest, 21-22 June 2007

Ruslan Zhechkov, Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe (REC)

www.rec.org

Contents

• REC work in fuels and vehicles

• Fuel quality in SEE region

• Vehicle emissions in SEE region

• UNEP-based Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles

• Retrofitting diesel vehicles.

• TNT/UNEP Fleet Management Toolkit

www.rec.org

Background

• Work on fuels and vehicles – started in 1995, facilitated the SILAQ process, lead phase-out in CEE

• Last two years: several projects with PCFV at UNEP and USEPA – CEE, Bulgaria, Serbia, BiH, Turkey

• REC is a member of the PCFV Advisory Group

• Main effort:

- lead phase-out in fuels in Serbia, Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina;

- reduction of sulphur Turkey, Serbia, BiH, Albania

www.rec.org

Sulphur and lead content in petrol and diesel –

national specificationsCountry

Status S in petrol (mg/kg)

S in diesel (mg/kg)

Pb in petrol (g/l)

Albania Ban 2005.

150 (import only)

350 import/2000

domestic

0.005

Bulgaria Ban 2004.

150 (50 – 1/2007)

350 (50 - 1/2007)

0.005

BiH 15 - 20% leaded.

150 350 0.15 import, 0.6 - domestic

Croatia Ban 2006.

50 50 0.005

Macedonia

20% leaded.

500 Refinery – 1500

Eko diesel - 290

0.013 unleaded

0.15 leaded

Romania

Ban 2005.

150 (50 -1/2007)

350 (50 – 1/2007)

0.005

SCG 40% leaded.

1,000 – leaded650 -

unleaded

10,000 – D2; 350 – Eko 3; 50 - Euro D

0.4 – leaded0.013 - unlead

Turkey Ban 2006.

500 (150 – 1/07)

7000-350 (75%)-50

0.005

•

www.rec.org

Vehicle emissions

• Diesel passenger cars 10%-30%. BiH (>50%), SCG (>30%)

• LDV, HDV, buses – mostly diesel

• Old fleet – mostly 11-20 years, few new ones – BG (36%, >20 years)

• Domestic vehicle production – Romania, SCG and Turkey

• Limitations on import (age cap BiH, MK, SCG)

Country

Number of vehicles

Albania 274,652 (80% diesel)

Bulgaria 3,165,279

BiH 731,000

Croatia 1,461,000 (70% petrol)

Macedonia

444,000 (82% petrol)

Romania

3,318,208 (80% petrol)

SCG 1,801,000 (60% petrol)

Turkey 7,806,000

www.rec.org

•“Help developing countries to develop action plans to complete the global elimination of leaded gasoline and start to phase down sulphur in diesel and gasoline fuels, concurrent with adopting cleaner vehicle requirements.”

Leading Global Partnership Promoting Better Air Quality Through Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles

- www.unep.org/pcfv

- Launch of Global Lead Campaign: Phase out Worldwide by end 2008;

- Promotion of sulphur reduction in fuels (support for region and country goals with ultimate goal of 50 ppm or below);

- Cleaner vehicle technologies: Catalytic converters, particle filters, etc.

www.rec.org

Joining the PCFV!

• You are welcome to join the Partnership. For more information please contact:Elisa Dumitrescu/UNEP/P.O Box 30552 Nairobi, KENYA/Tel: (+254 20) 7624735

• You are welcome to join the mailing list on clean fuels and vehicles managed by REC: my contacts.

www.rec.org

Why reduce pollution from diesel vehicles?

• Diesel pollution triggers increased asthma attacks, cancer, heart ailments, and premature deaths;

• In many large cities, most street-level PM comes from diesel vehicles

• New diesel emission standards take 2-3 decades to fully phase in: A diesel engine sold today will still be used in 2020

Programs to retire, retrofit or replace existing vehicles will accelerate the health benefits of cleaner fuels and technologies!!!!

Source: Richerd Kassel, NRDC

www.rec.org

Retrofits

• Technological options: Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs); Flow-Through Filters (FTFs); Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs)

• Specific mix of strategies: Retire the oldest and dirtiest diesels as soon as possible; Replace with the cleanest fuels and technologies, using a “systems approach”; Retrofit remaining diesels with PM controls;

• Successful retrofit examples: New York City. Sao Paolo, Mexico City.

www.rec.org

Resources on Retrofits

• http://www.nrdc.org/air/transportation/retrofit/retrofit.pdf

• http://www.meca.org/cs/root/diesel_retrofit_subsite/what_is_retrofit/what_is_retrofit

• http://www.cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/propertyvalue-13989.html

• http://www.dieselforum.org/retrofit-tool-kit-homepage/

• http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?contentid=3987

www.rec.org

TNT/UNEP Fleet Management Toolkit• The CD-based toolkit will help fleet managers to develop

their own Cleaner Fleet Strategy.• Awareness: helps you understand the problem of

transport and environment;• Impact: helps you make an inventory of your fleet and

roughly calculate your emissions and their impacts (baseline);

• Actions: gives you an overview of options available in the short, medium, and long term for a cleaner vehicle fleet and shows potential emissions reductions for these actions;

• Strategy: helps you to develop a cleaner fleet strategy and monitoring your improvements.

• To be applicable for the reduction of emissions of any vehicle fleet (focused at operations in developing/ transition countries)!!!

www.rec.org

Thank you!For more information: Ruslan Zhechkov

Tel.: +36-20-924-58-74E-mail: rzhechkov@rec.org

Web site Clean Fuels and Vehicles in CEE: http://www.rec.org/rec/programs/pcfv/