fuller seminary development newsletter - summer 2010

4
David gives a telling example: “In my hometown, child sponsorships used to be reserved for orphans.” Nowadays poverty is so dire, “one can’t tell an orphan from a child with two living parents.” As these children grow, there is a cascade of negative effects throughout society. When David met the Lord, he determined that the only meaningful work is to change lives, and he began to walk in his grandparents footsteps with his life’s work: Leadership Development Initiative Africa (LEADIA). LEADIA spearheads holistic transformation throughout sub-Saharan Africa through child, community and leadership development. When David first began postgraduate studies in the U.S., he was dismayed to find little in the academic content that he could relate to his home context. After he came to Fuller Seminary and enrolled in the School of Intercultural Studies, the situation reversed itself. For the first time studying in the U.S., he found professors who knew his cultural context and understood Leadership training sessions integrate theology with practical life experiences. The LEADIA Soy Milk Project provides economic opportunities and nutritional stability for families devastated by HIV/AIDS. Children at LEADIA Academy are equipped to become future leaders in Africa. its unique struggles. ey made David aware of materials written by Africans and for Africa, addressing the very issues he was wrestling with – some materials going back over 100 years! As the materials sank in, David saw his work against the backdrop of those who have already been there. When David applied to Fuller, he knew he needed more education to move forward in his work, but he did not have the money to attend seminary. He prayed, “God, if you have called me to this ministry of transforming Africa, confirm it by providing for my further education.” anks to the generous financial support of Fuller donors and the scholarships he has received from Fuller, God has done just that. David Ofumbi illustrates what happens when people in vital ministries around the world dive deep into seminary training. When David returns home, his Master of eology degree will be put to good use – training a new kind of African leader and bringing God-centered healing to people ready for real change. At Fuller Theological Seminary’s Pasadena campus, student David Ofumbi devotes his waking thoughts to how to serve God half a world away. Raised in Uganda by his grandparents, David watched these remarkable ministers challenge the status quo by promoting human identity and dignity. Sadly, as he grew, he saw the erosion of human dignity undermine families and community life. The result has been widespread poverty and a deep sense of hopelessness in the face of HIV/ AIDS; among the sick and dying, alienation and profound loneliness. fuller CONNECTION LINKING FULLER’S GLOBAL NETWORK SUMMER 2010 David Ofumbi Bringing Hope and Dignity TO AFRICA

Upload: tera-barry

Post on 07-Apr-2016

215 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

David gives a telling example: “In my hometown, child sponsorships used to be reserved for orphans.” Nowadays poverty is so dire, “one can’t tell an orphan from a child with two living parents.” As these children grow, there is a cascade of negative effects throughout society. When David met the Lord, he determined that the only meaningful work is to change lives, and he began to walk in his grandparents footsteps with his life’s work: Leadership Development Initiative Africa (LEADIA). LEADIA spearheads holistic transformation throughout sub-Saharan Africa through child, community and leadership development.

When David first began postgraduate studies in the U.S., he was dismayed to find little in the academic content that he could relate to his home context. After he came to Fuller Seminary and enrolled in the School of Intercultural Studies, the situation reversed itself. For the first time studying in the U.S., he found professors who knew his cultural context and understood

Leadership training sessions integrate theology with practical life experiences.

The LEADIA Soy Milk Project provides economic opportunities and nutritional stability for families devastated by HIV/AIDS.

Children at LEADIA Academy are equipped to become future leaders in Africa.

its unique struggles. They made David aware of materials written by Africans and for Africa, addressing the very issues he was wrestling with – some materials going back over 100 years! As the materials sank in, David saw his work against the backdrop of those who have already been there.

When David applied to Fuller, he knew he needed more education to move forward in his work, but he did not have the money to attend seminary. He prayed, “God, if you have called me to this ministry of transforming Africa, confirm it by providing for my further education.” Thanks to the generous financial support of Fuller donors and the scholarships he has received from Fuller, God has done just that. David Ofumbi illustrates what happens when people in vital ministries around the world dive deep into seminary training. When David returns home, his Master of Theology degree will be put to good use – training a new kind of African leader and bringing God-centered healing to people ready for real change.

At Fuller Theological Seminary’s Pasadena campus, student David Ofumbi devotes his waking thoughts to how to serve God half a world away. Raised in Uganda by his grandparents, David watched these remarkable ministers challenge the status quo by promoting human identity and dignity. Sadly, as he grew, he saw the erosion of human dignity undermine families and community life. The result has been widespread poverty and a deep sense of hopelessness in the face of HIV/AIDS; among the sick and dying, alienation and profound loneliness.

fullerCONNECTION

L I N K I N G F U L L E R ’ S G L O B A L N E T W O R K

SUMMER 2010

David OfumbiIn honor of Mrs. Elizabeth Feller

Anonymous

In memory of Dr. Donald B. Freshwater

Mrs. Jean Freshwater

In memory of Dr. Arthur Glasser

Dr. and Mrs. Roger E. Hedlund

Rev. Alvin S. and Mrs. Mary E. Jepson

Mrs. Dorothy Shepherd

Anonymous

In memory of Mrs. Ruth Hubbard

Mr. and Mrs. Byron Beck

Mr. David and Mrs. Carolyn Spainhour

In honor of Mrs. Anne Huffman

Mr. Sam and Mrs. Susan Anderson

In memory of Rev. Ronald L. Larson

Mrs. Helen Larson

In honor of Rev. Ellie and Mr. Bruce Lea

Anonymous

In honor of Mr. William Marsh and Mrs. Carol Beatty Marsh

Mrs. Elizabeth Marsh

In memory of Rev. Donald Ralph McNair

Anonymous

In memory of Mrs. Shirley J. Odom

Anonymous

In honor of Dr. Paul and Mrs. Rosemary Pierson

Anonymous

In memory of Dr. Robert N. Schaper

Anonymous

In honor of Rev. Lucien Accad

Anonymous

In memory of Dr. Ray Anderson

Dr. Robert Crook

In memory of Mr. Gregory Anthony

Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Scott Anthony

In honor of Drs. Judy and Jack Balswick

Dr. Charlene Underhill Miller and

Rev. John Miller

In honor of Mrs. Judy Bergman

Mr. Sam and Mrs. Susan Anderson

In memory of Dr. Geoffrey Bromiley

The Fuller Foundation

Anonymous

In memory of Mrs. Olive Brown

Drs. Jack O. and Judy K. Balswick

Dr. Jeffrey and Mrs. Sharon Bjorck

Mr. Merlin Call

The Fuller Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. John Jacobs

Rev. Alvin S. and Mrs. Mary E. Jepson

Mrs. Mary Meye

Anonymous

In honor of Mrs. Gale Clark

Anonymous

In memory of Mrs. Peggy Jean Crook

Dr. Robert Crook

In honor of Ms. Eleanor Doan

Bill and Janice Doan

In memory of Mr. Thomas E. Faser

Anonymous

In memory of Dr. Lee Travis

Dr. and Mrs. John S. Fry

In honor of Ms. Betty Wagner

Bill and Janice Doan

In memory of Mr. Paul Winter

Mr. Don and Mrs. Marcia Weber

In memory of Mrs. Ruth Vuong

Dr. Robert Johnston and Rev. Catherine Barsotti

Mr. James and Mrs. Judy Bergman

Mr. Dennis and Mrs. Connie Dixon

Janet Boldt and Ernie Doerksen

Ms. Penny Joss Fletcher

The Fuller Foundation

Mr. Ben and Mrs. Carol Fujita

Bill and Susan Hoehn

Rev. Alvin S. and Mrs. Mary E. Jepson

Dr. Ana Wong-McDonald and

Mr. Wayne McDonald

Dr. Laura K. Simmons

Rev. Deborah Smith

Mr. Saksith and Mrs. Kathleen Tiemubol

Mr. Dale Wong and Dr. Cindy Wong

Anonymous

* All memorial and honorary gifts were received between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010.

Memorial and Honorary Gifts

We would like to thank our faithful donors for their generosity and support.

To make a gift, please use the enclosed envelope and reply slip.

To learn more about including Fuller Theological Seminary in your estate planning, please contact:

Office of Development 135 North Oakland Avenue Pasadena, CA 91182 Phone: 800-235-2222 or 626-584-5490 Email: [email protected] Web: www.fuller.edu

Bringing Hope and Dignity TO AFRICA

Dr. Jehu Hanciles is associate professor of history of Christianity and globalization at Fuller Seminary. He is its first (and at the moment only) African professor. He hails originally from Sierra Leone, and knows intimately the challenges facing students from Africa, and the importance of the opportunities that education provides.

Dr. Hanciles is a striking example of Fuller’s globally minded faculty. He has lived and worked in Sierra Leone, Scotland, Zimbabwe, and the U.S., and his work addresses issues related to mission and globalization, with special attention to Christianity in the non-Western world. At Fuller, his passion for missiology and for cross-cultural collaboration has helped to give birth to a remarkable new program, Fuller’s Center for Missiological Research (CMR). As the CMR’s director, he oversees a multi-disciplinary approach to missiology. The faculty includes scholars from a rich array of disciplines, ranging from anthropology to the post-modern church.

In broad terms, missiology is the study of what ought to matter most to believers; to differentiate between orthodoxy and non-essentials. Students of missiology become more discerning critics of the interplay between faith and culture, particularly one’s own.

But today, countless international graduates of Fuller Seminary point to Betty Ann and her non-profit, Wayfarers Ministries, as the support they needed God to provide when their resources had run dry.

When the first handful of international students set foot on Fuller’s campus in the mid 1950s, they were hit by culture shock, loneliness and financial hardship. Fortunately, there was Betty Ann. She had volunteered to pray for them, help them to learn English, and to navigate a new culture. Betty Ann chuckles, “I don’t know that I was a big help with learning English, but I did what I could. It became a family situation, taking them around town and to church.” Family is right. Former students refer to her as “grandmother” and “mother,” in addition to counselor and guide. Sometimes she introduced herself with an unexpected phone call, answering a struggling student’s prayer for provision by asking what they needed … and ensuring they received it.

Betty Ann did even more; she was an able and tireless fundraiser. In 1979, Betty Ann founded Wayfarers Ministries, which supported missionaries and raised funds for international students who couldn’t afford the mind-boggling exchange rates to live on while studying in the U.S. For 28 years, Betty Ann did “what she could,” hand-typing monthly newsletters to Wayfarers’ more than 2,000 faithful supporters, and turning the garage of her modest Burbank, Calif., home into a bustling packing and shipping center for books and diverse supplies.

Even before Betty Ann became such a significant part of Fuller’s history, she made an unusual connection

As a farm girl in overalls, dwarfed by tall rows of Iowa corn, Betty Ann Wagner surely didn’t know God would one day move her to California, much less use her to advance his Kingdom around the world.

For Fuller students of missiology, such questions are not academic. Most carry a burden when returning to their home countries to contribute to the spiritual depth of fast growing churches; to strengthen the moral foundations of civic life; to train teachers and leaders; and to help address a host of other issues that affect their communities and the vitality and witness of the local church.

The future of these communities matters to the body of Christ. It is now widely acknowledged that the heartland of global Christianity has shifted to the southern hemisphere. But Dr. Hanciles notes that the study of missiology invites all Christians, and perhaps particularly those in the West, to question their own cultural context, one might say “baggage,” and reformulate a view of Christianity that appreciates cultural context - yet holds it more lightly.

Fuller attracts students from around the world and many depend on need-based scholarships to complete their studies. Dr. Hanciles is grateful to those who support the Fuller Fund, “Fuller’s donors are not just equipping one person with a PhD. In some cases, they are helping to educate an entire hometown community. Fuller donors may often prefer to remain unknown…but that doesn’t mean they go unnoticed. I for one am profoundly grateful for their partnership.”

to historical figures familiar to most of us. Betty Ann and her younger sister, Juanita (now deceased), were briefly pen pals with two girls in Amsterdam, Anne and Margot Frank. The connection would prove to be a short one. Betty Ann says, “Within two weeks of the letters being postmarked, the Germans invaded.” At the time, they had no idea their Dutch pen pals were Jewish, nor that they had gone into hiding. A letter from Anne and Margot’s father came after the war explaining the sad fate of the two girls. Nearly 40 years later, the sisters auctioned off the letters and used the proceeds for student scholarships through Wayfarers.

Today, Betty Ann, 85, is confined to her Burbank home. It’s a change of pace that challenges the spirit of a woman who is used to doing so much. But Betty Ann stays in regular contact with students and missionaries supported by Wayfarers. She says, “They remind me that, in spite of what’s on the news, God is working throughout the world.”

True to form, Betty Ann has found a way to maintain support for international students. In 2009, she handed over the reins to Fuller Seminary, saying she was “tickled” God gave her the idea to start a scholarship program at Fuller. She adds, “I praise the Lord for those who have supported students through Wayfarers Ministries over the years. I’m glad that so many continue to give.” Betty Ann sets a mighty example of faith, compassion and hard work; a wonderful legacy for Fuller to uphold as we equip new generations of international students to serve Christ.

In Africa, it takes courage and determination to get an education – and to earn a PhD, even more so. One African Fuller Seminary

alumnus reports that to reach

the nearest computer for an

online course, he walked miles

to the nearest internet café.

One class from Fuller might

cost a year’s wages. And the

cost of traveling from Africa to

the United States to study is

usually unthinkable.

Dr. Jehu Hanciles

Missiology MATTERS

Center for Missiological Research A Family

Connection

Betty Ann Wagner

Wayfarers Scholarship recipients personally thank Betty Ann for her ongoing support of international students at Fuller.

Betty Ann and her sister were brief pen pals with the Frank sisters prior to World War II.

Dr. Jehu Hanciles is associate professor of history of Christianity and globalization at Fuller Seminary. He is its first (and at the moment only) African professor. He hails originally from Sierra Leone, and knows intimately the challenges facing students from Africa, and the importance of the opportunities that education provides.

Dr. Hanciles is a striking example of Fuller’s globally minded faculty. He has lived and worked in Sierra Leone, Scotland, Zimbabwe, and the U.S., and his work addresses issues related to mission and globalization, with special attention to Christianity in the non-Western world. At Fuller, his passion for missiology and for cross-cultural collaboration has helped to give birth to a remarkable new program, Fuller’s Center for Missiological Research (CMR). As the CMR’s director, he oversees a multi-disciplinary approach to missiology. The faculty includes scholars from a rich array of disciplines, ranging from anthropology to the post-modern church.

In broad terms, missiology is the study of what ought to matter most to believers; to differentiate between orthodoxy and non-essentials. Students of missiology become more discerning critics of the interplay between faith and culture, particularly one’s own.

But today, countless international graduates of Fuller Seminary point to Betty Ann and her non-profit, Wayfarers Ministries, as the support they needed God to provide when their resources had run dry.

When the first handful of international students set foot on Fuller’s campus in the mid 1950s, they were hit by culture shock, loneliness and financial hardship. Fortunately, there was Betty Ann. She had volunteered to pray for them, help them to learn English, and to navigate a new culture. Betty Ann chuckles, “I don’t know that I was a big help with learning English, but I did what I could. It became a family situation, taking them around town and to church.” Family is right. Former students refer to her as “grandmother” and “mother,” in addition to counselor and guide. Sometimes she introduced herself with an unexpected phone call, answering a struggling student’s prayer for provision by asking what they needed … and ensuring they received it.

Betty Ann did even more; she was an able and tireless fundraiser. In 1979, Betty Ann founded Wayfarers Ministries, which supported missionaries and raised funds for international students who couldn’t afford the mind-boggling exchange rates to live on while studying in the U.S. For 28 years, Betty Ann did “what she could,” hand-typing monthly newsletters to Wayfarers’ more than 2,000 faithful supporters, and turning the garage of her modest Burbank, Calif., home into a bustling packing and shipping center for books and diverse supplies.

Even before Betty Ann became such a significant part of Fuller’s history, she made an unusual connection

As a farm girl in overalls, dwarfed by tall rows of Iowa corn, Betty Ann Wagner surely didn’t know God would one day move her to California, much less use her to advance his Kingdom around the world.

For Fuller students of missiology, such questions are not academic. Most carry a burden when returning to their home countries to contribute to the spiritual depth of fast growing churches; to strengthen the moral foundations of civic life; to train teachers and leaders; and to help address a host of other issues that affect their communities and the vitality and witness of the local church.

The future of these communities matters to the body of Christ. It is now widely acknowledged that the heartland of global Christianity has shifted to the southern hemisphere. But Dr. Hanciles notes that the study of missiology invites all Christians, and perhaps particularly those in the West, to question their own cultural context, one might say “baggage,” and reformulate a view of Christianity that appreciates cultural context - yet holds it more lightly.

Fuller attracts students from around the world and many depend on need-based scholarships to complete their studies. Dr. Hanciles is grateful to those who support the Fuller Fund, “Fuller’s donors are not just equipping one person with a PhD. In some cases, they are helping to educate an entire hometown community. Fuller donors may often prefer to remain unknown…but that doesn’t mean they go unnoticed. I for one am profoundly grateful for their partnership.”

to historical figures familiar to most of us. Betty Ann and her younger sister, Juanita (now deceased), were briefly pen pals with two girls in Amsterdam, Anne and Margot Frank. The connection would prove to be a short one. Betty Ann says, “Within two weeks of the letters being postmarked, the Germans invaded.” At the time, they had no idea their Dutch pen pals were Jewish, nor that they had gone into hiding. A letter from Anne and Margot’s father came after the war explaining the sad fate of the two girls. Nearly 40 years later, the sisters auctioned off the letters and used the proceeds for student scholarships through Wayfarers.

Today, Betty Ann, 85, is confined to her Burbank home. It’s a change of pace that challenges the spirit of a woman who is used to doing so much. But Betty Ann stays in regular contact with students and missionaries supported by Wayfarers. She says, “They remind me that, in spite of what’s on the news, God is working throughout the world.”

True to form, Betty Ann has found a way to maintain support for international students. In 2009, she handed over the reins to Fuller Seminary, saying she was “tickled” God gave her the idea to start a scholarship program at Fuller. She adds, “I praise the Lord for those who have supported students through Wayfarers Ministries over the years. I’m glad that so many continue to give.” Betty Ann sets a mighty example of faith, compassion and hard work; a wonderful legacy for Fuller to uphold as we equip new generations of international students to serve Christ.

In Africa, it takes courage and determination to get an education – and to earn a PhD, even more so. One African Fuller Seminary

alumnus reports that to reach

the nearest computer for an

online course, he walked miles

to the nearest internet café.

One class from Fuller might

cost a year’s wages. And the

cost of traveling from Africa to

the United States to study is

usually unthinkable.

Dr. Jehu Hanciles

Missiology MATTERS

Center for Missiological Research A Family

Connection

Betty Ann Wagner

Wayfarers Scholarship recipients personally thank Betty Ann for her ongoing support of international students at Fuller.

Betty Ann and her sister were brief pen pals with the Frank sisters prior to World War II.

David gives a telling example: “In my hometown, child sponsorships used to be reserved for orphans.” Nowadays poverty is so dire, “one can’t tell an orphan from a child with two living parents.” As these children grow, there is a cascade of negative effects throughout society. When David met the Lord, he determined that the only meaningful work is to change lives, and he began to walk in his grandparents footsteps with his life’s work: Leadership Development Initiative Africa (LEADIA). LEADIA spearheads holistic transformation throughout sub-Saharan Africa through child, community and leadership development.

When David first began postgraduate studies in the U.S., he was dismayed to find little in the academic content that he could relate to his home context. After he came to Fuller Seminary and enrolled in the School of Intercultural Studies, the situation reversed itself. For the first time studying in the U.S., he found professors who knew his cultural context and understood

Leadership training sessions integrate theology with practical life experiences.

The LEADIA Soy Milk Project provides economic opportunities and nutritional stability for families devastated by HIV/AIDS.

Children at LEADIA Academy are equipped to become future leaders in Africa.

its unique struggles. They made David aware of materials written by Africans and for Africa, addressing the very issues he was wrestling with – some materials going back over 100 years! As the materials sank in, David saw his work against the backdrop of those who have already been there.

When David applied to Fuller, he knew he needed more education to move forward in his work, but he did not have the money to attend seminary. He prayed, “God, if you have called me to this ministry of transforming Africa, confirm it by providing for my further education.” Thanks to the generous financial support of Fuller donors and the scholarships he has received from Fuller, God has done just that. David Ofumbi illustrates what happens when people in vital ministries around the world dive deep into seminary training. When David returns home, his Master of Theology degree will be put to good use – training a new kind of African leader and bringing God-centered healing to people ready for real change.

At Fuller Theological Seminary’s Pasadena campus, student David Ofumbi devotes his waking thoughts to how to serve God half a world away. Raised in Uganda by his grandparents, David watched these remarkable ministers challenge the status quo by promoting human identity and dignity. Sadly, as he grew, he saw the erosion of human dignity undermine families and community life. The result has been widespread poverty and a deep sense of hopelessness in the face of HIV/AIDS; among the sick and dying, alienation and profound loneliness.

fullerCONNECTION

L I N K I N G F U L L E R ’ S G L O B A L N E T W O R K

SUMMER 2010

David OfumbiIn honor of Mrs. Elizabeth Feller

Anonymous

In memory of Dr. Donald B. Freshwater

Mrs. Jean Freshwater

In memory of Dr. Arthur Glasser

Dr. and Mrs. Roger E. Hedlund

Rev. Alvin S. and Mrs. Mary E. Jepson

Mrs. Dorothy Shepherd

Anonymous

In memory of Mrs. Ruth Hubbard

Mr. and Mrs. Byron Beck

Mr. David and Mrs. Carolyn Spainhour

In honor of Mrs. Anne Huffman

Mr. Sam and Mrs. Susan Anderson

In memory of Rev. Ronald L. Larson

Mrs. Helen Larson

In honor of Rev. Ellie and Mr. Bruce Lea

Anonymous

In honor of Mr. William Marsh and Mrs. Carol Beatty Marsh

Mrs. Elizabeth Marsh

In memory of Rev. Donald Ralph McNair

Anonymous

In memory of Mrs. Shirley J. Odom

Anonymous

In honor of Dr. Paul and Mrs. Rosemary Pierson

Anonymous

In memory of Dr. Robert N. Schaper

Anonymous

In honor of Rev. Lucien Accad

Anonymous

In memory of Dr. Ray Anderson

Dr. Robert Crook

In memory of Mr. Gregory Anthony

Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey Scott Anthony

In honor of Drs. Judy and Jack Balswick

Dr. Charlene Underhill Miller and

Rev. John Miller

In honor of Mrs. Judy Bergman

Mr. Sam and Mrs. Susan Anderson

In memory of Dr. Geoffrey Bromiley

The Fuller Foundation

Anonymous

In memory of Mrs. Olive Brown

Drs. Jack O. and Judy K. Balswick

Dr. Jeffrey and Mrs. Sharon Bjorck

Mr. Merlin Call

The Fuller Foundation

Mr. and Mrs. John Jacobs

Rev. Alvin S. and Mrs. Mary E. Jepson

Mrs. Mary Meye

Anonymous

In honor of Mrs. Gale Clark

Anonymous

In memory of Mrs. Peggy Jean Crook

Dr. Robert Crook

In honor of Ms. Eleanor Doan

Bill and Janice Doan

In memory of Mr. Thomas E. Faser

Anonymous

In memory of Dr. Lee Travis

Dr. and Mrs. John S. Fry

In honor of Ms. Betty Wagner

Bill and Janice Doan

In memory of Mr. Paul Winter

Mr. Don and Mrs. Marcia Weber

In memory of Mrs. Ruth Vuong

Dr. Robert Johnston and Rev. Catherine Barsotti

Mr. James and Mrs. Judy Bergman

Mr. Dennis and Mrs. Connie Dixon

Janet Boldt and Ernie Doerksen

Ms. Penny Joss Fletcher

The Fuller Foundation

Mr. Ben and Mrs. Carol Fujita

Bill and Susan Hoehn

Rev. Alvin S. and Mrs. Mary E. Jepson

Dr. Ana Wong-McDonald and

Mr. Wayne McDonald

Dr. Laura K. Simmons

Rev. Deborah Smith

Mr. Saksith and Mrs. Kathleen Tiemubol

Mr. Dale Wong and Dr. Cindy Wong

Anonymous

* All memorial and honorary gifts were received between July 1, 2009 and June 30, 2010.

Memorial and Honorary Gifts

We would like to thank our faithful donors for their generosity and support.

To make a gift, please use the enclosed envelope and reply slip.

To learn more about including Fuller Theological Seminary in your estate planning, please contact:

Office of Development 135 North Oakland Avenue Pasadena, CA 91182 Phone: 800-235-2222 or 626-584-5490 Email: [email protected] Web: www.fuller.edu

Bringing Hope and Dignity TO AFRICA