funda - nsg proces, hx foreign nd local, nsg as a profession 09 oct

8/14/2019 Funda - Nsg Proces, Hx Foreign Nd Local, Nsg as a Profession 09 Oct

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Nursing as a

Profession

Prepared by:

Ronivin Garcia Pagtakh

an, RN,MAN (c)


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PROFESSION

a calling that requires specialknowledge, skill and preparation

NURSING AS A PROFESSION


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FOUR CRITERIA TODETERMINE

PROFESSION

SPECIALIZED EDUCATION ETHICS

BODY OF KNOWLEDGE

AUTONOMY


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BENNERS LEVELS OF

NURSING PROFICIENCY (1984)STAGE 1. NOVICE

STAGE 2. ADVANCED BEGINNER

STAGE 3. COMPETENTSTAGE 4. PROFICIENT

STAGE 5. EXPERT


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ROLES OF THE

PROFESSIONAL NURSE


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CARE PROVIDER

Mothering actions

- chief goal in human relations is to convey

understanding about what is importantand to provide support

Caring is central to effective nursingpractice (Benner and Wrubel, 1989)


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COMMUNICATOR/HELPER

shapes relationships between nursesand clients, nurses and support

persons, and nurses and colleagues


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COUNSELOR

Counseling is the process of helping a

client to recognize and cope with stressful

psychologic or social problems, to

develop improved interpersonalrelationships, and to promote personal

growth.

It involves providing emotional,intellectual, and psychological support


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CLIENT ADVOCATE

pleads the cause of another or argues orpleads for a cause or proposal

involves concern for and defined actions in

behalf of another person or organization tobring about change.

involves promoting what is best for theclient


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CHANGE AGENT

a person or group who initiates changes

or who assists others in making

modifications in themselves or in thesystem


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LEADER Nursing Leadership is defined as a mutual

process of interpersonal influence through which

the nurse helps a client make decisions in

establishing and achieving goals to improve the

clients well-being

Purposes of Leadership

improve health status and potential of individuals

and families


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MANAGER

Management is defined as planning,giving direction, developing staff,

monitoring operations, giving rewardsfairly, and representing both staffmembers and administration asneeded.


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RESEARCHER

Research for new ways more than

the old fashioned nursing

interventions to promote health for

the patient.

Eg. Studies of complementary therapy


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EXPANDED NURSING ROLES

Nurse Generalist


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Nurse Practitioner


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Nurse Specialist


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History of Nursing :Foreign

Prepared by:

Ronivin Garcia Pagtakhan,RN


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From


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To


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Nursing Defined

As a Science and Art

It is blending of 3 factors

1. Art2. Science

3. Spirit


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Definition

Nurse = latin word nutricius = that

nourishes, foster, protects

is a service to the individual which

helps him to regain, or to keep a normal

state of body and mind.


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Intuitive

Apprentice

Dark

Educated

Contemporary


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Intuitive nursing was practiced since

prehistoric times among primitive tribes

and lasted through the early Christian

era.

PERIOD OF INTUITIVE

NURSING


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PERIOD OF APPRENTICE

NURSING

11th Century to 1836

Started from the founding of

religious orders in the crusaders totraining of Deaconesses.

Called period of on-the-job-training


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Saint Elizabeth of Hungary


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Saint Camillus de Lellis


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THE DARK PERIOD of NURSING

Extends form 17th Century to 19th Century

Period of reformation until the U.S. Civil war

Martin Luther destroyed the unity of Christian Faith.

Wrath of Protestantism swept away everything connectedwith Roman Catholicism in schools, orphanage, and

hospitals Properties of Hospitals and School were confiscated

Nurses fled to their lives


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Began on June 15, 1860

Opened Florence Nightingale School of

Nursing at St, Thomas Hospital inLondon.

Arousal of Social consciousness

PERIOD OF EDUCATED

NURSING


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Mother of Modern Nursing

Lady with a Lamp

Born May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy

Education was rounded out by a

continental tour

Victorian Lady, developed her self-

appointed goal: to change the

profile of nursing

Facts about Florence Nightingale:


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PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY

NURSING

After world war II present

Scientific and technological

development and social changes

marks this period.

Events and trends


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Nursing Informatics

Nursing Informatics is a specialty of

Health care informatics which deals

with the support of nursing by

information systems in delivery,

documentation, administration and

evaluation of patient care and

prevention of diseases.


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American Nurses Association's Scope and

Standards for Nursing Informatics Practice(2006): Nursing Informatics is a specialty that

integrates nursing science, computer science,

and information science to manage and

communicate data, information, andknowledge in nursing practice.


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"Nursing informatics is the multidisciplinary scientific

endeavor of analyzing, formalizing and modeling how

nurses collect and manage data, process data into

information and knowledge, make knowledge-baseddecisions and inferences for patient care, and use this

empirical and experiential knowledge in order to

broaden the scope and enhance the quality of their

professional practice.


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NURSING PROCESS

Prepared by:

Ronivin Garcia Pagtakhan, RN,MAN (c)


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Nursing Process

A systematic method that directs the

nurse and client as, together, the

determine the need for nursing care, and

then plan, implement, and evaluate care. The steps in this client centered, goal-

oriented process are interrelated

Each of the five steps depends on the

accuracy of the step preceding it


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It is a framework for providing nursing

care to clients, families, and communities. It is goal-oriented.

It provides a systematic and organized

approach. It is based on individualized problem

identification and problem solving.

It can be utilized throughout the life of the

patient.

It can be used in all settings.


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History of the Nursing Process

1955 Lydia Hall ORIGINATED the termNURSING PROCESS

1959 Johnson, 1961 Orlando,

1963 Weidenbach 1963 Henderson, utilized scientific method,

McCain termed assessment 1971 Orem proposed: needs assessment,

nursing action, control of action 1973 ANA utilized nursing process using

the 5 phases: Assessment, Diagnosis,Planning, Intervention, Evaluation


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1975 Gebbie and Lavin introducedthe term Nursing Diagnosis

1976 introduced the six steps of thenursing process: Assessment,Problem identification, Goal setting,approaches, Evaluation. Sheadvocated the term NursingDiagnosis


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Phases of theNursing Process

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Assessment

DECRIPTION Collection Validation Communication of client data

PURPOSE Make critical and sound judgement about

clients:

Health status Ability to manage his own health care and need

for nursing Plan individualzed holistic care that draws on

client strength and is responsive to the changes

in the clients condition


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Assessment

ACTIVITIES1. Establish the data base:

* Nursing health history

* Physical Assessment

* Review of client record and nursingliterature

* consultation with clients support

perople and health care professionals2. continuously update the data base

3. validate data

4. communicate data


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Types of Assessment

Initial Assessment

Focus or ongoing assessment

Emergency assessment

Time lapsed assessment


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Types of Data

Subjective Symptoms or covert data

Objective- Signs or overt data

Data should be: Accurate

Complete

Factual Relevant


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Nursing Diagnosis

DECRIPTION

Analysis of client data to identify client

strengths and health problems that

independent nursing intervention can

prevent or resolve

PURPOSE

Develop a prioritized list of nursing

diagnoses


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Nursing Diagnosis

ACTIVITIES

1. Interpret and analyze client data

2. Identify client strengths and healthproblems

3. Formulate and validate nursing

diagnoses

4. Develop prioritized list of nursing

diagnoses


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Types of Nursing Diagnosis

Actual Health problem is present during assessment

Risk More vulnerable than others

Potential Needs more data for confirmation

Collaborative Together with other members of health team

Syndrome Under risk, after trauma

Wellness At a higher level of wellness


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Components of the Nursing Diagnosis

Problem

Diagnostic label

Etiology Related and risk factors

Defining characteristics

Clustered signs and symptoms toconfirm the diagnosis


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Format:

P + E

P + E + S

P + E + 2

P + E + 2 + S

S as manifested by, as seen in

2 - MDx


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Criteria in prioritization of

Nursing Problems

Type of nursing diagnosis

ABC (Airway, breathing, circulation) Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Threat to patients integrity

Patients salience


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Types of Nursing Diagnosis

Actual

Risk

Potential Collaborative

Syndrome

Wellness


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A airway

B breathingC circulation


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Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Physiologic Needs

Safety

Love and Belongingness

Self Esteem

Self Actualization


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Planning

DECRIPTION

Specification of:

1. Client goals and objective to prevent,reduce, or resolve the problems identifiedin the nursing diagnoses

2. Related nursing interventions

PURPOSE

Develop an individualized plan of nursing care


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Measurement Criteria for Expected


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Measurement Criteria for Expected

Outcomes

Derived from the diagnosis

Mutually formulated with the client

and health care provider

Specific

Measurable

Attainable

Realistic

Time bounded


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Implementation

DECRIPTION

Carrying out the plan of care

PURPOSE

Assist clients to achieve desired goals

promote wellness, prevent disease andillness, and restore health


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Implementation

ACTIVITIES

1. Carry out the plan of care

2. Continue data collection and modify

the plan of care as needed


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Types of Nursing Interventions

Independent Interventions

Nurse initiated

Dependent Interventions

Physician initiated

Collaborative Interventions

Carried out with other health team

members


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Evaluation

DECRIPTION

Measure degree which goal, objectives or

outcome measures were achieved and the

factors affecting the resulting upshot

PURPOSE

Determine whether goal and objectives were

met, whether to continue with the plan ofcare or modify


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Evaluation

ACTIVITIES

1. Collaborte with patient related to

outcome

2. Judge if goals and objectives were

met

3. Relate nursing actions to outcome

4. Review, re-assess, re-diagnose, re-

plan, and modify.


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Thank you & good day!


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Review Outline for

Fundamentals of Nursing

Nursing Theories, Transcultural

Nursing, CommunicationTechniques
http://www.printfection.com/busybodies/Nurse/_s_16360


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NURSING THEORIES

Nursing Theories


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Theory building

Concepts

Statements

Theories


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Levels

Meta theory

Grand

Middle range practice


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Criteria

Nursing

Health

Person Environment

1 FLORENCE


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1. FLORENCE

NIGHTINGALE, 1850s

Mother of Modern Nursing

THEORY: Environmental Theory


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2. VIRGINIA HENDERSON, 1997-1996

THEORY: Definition of Nursing


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PERSON: A whole complete and independent being


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PERSON: A whole, complete and independent being

who has 14 fundamental needs.

1. to breathe

2. eat and drink

3. eliminate

4. move and maintain posture5. sleep and rest

6. dress and undress

7. maintain body temperature


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8. keep clean

9. avoid danger

10.communicate

11.worship12.work

13.play

14.learn


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3. MARTHA ROGERS,1914-1994

THEORY: Unitary Human Beings as an

Energy Field


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4. DOROTHEA OREM, 1980 - 2007

THEORY: SELF-CARE DEFICIT THEORY

Self-care TheorySelf-care Deficit Theory

Nursing System Theory


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5. Sister Callista Roy, 1976

THEORY: Adaptation Model


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7. Betty Neuman, 1972


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y ,

THEORY: Health Care Systems Model


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8. Dorothy Johnson


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y

THEORY: BEHAVIORAL SYSTEM

MODEL


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9. Hildegard Peplau, 1952


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g p ,

THEORY: Psychodynamic Nursing

Theory and Interpersonal Relations

Theory


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10. Madeleine Leininger, 1978


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THEORY: Transcultural Care Theory or

Culture Care Diversity and Universality

Theory


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11. Jean Watson, 1979


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THEORY: Philosophy and Science of

Nursing


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12 Faye Abdellah


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12. Faye Abdellah

THEORY: TYPOLOGY OF NURSING

PROBLEMS


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13. Ernestine Wiedenbach (1900-1996)


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( )

THEORY: HELPING ART OF CLINICAL

NURSING


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14. Joyce Travelbee


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THEORY: HUMAN TO HUMAN

RELATIONSHIP MODEL


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15. Lydia Hall, 1960s


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THEORY: Theory of Care, Core and Cure


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16. Ida Orlando, 1961


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THEORY: Dynamic Nurse-Patient

Relationship or Deliberative Process ofNursing


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18. Margaret Newman


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THEORY: HEALTH AS EXPANDING

CONSCIOUSNESS

19. Rosemary Rizzo Parse


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THEORY: THEORY OF HUMAN

BECOMING


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COMMUNICATION

TECHNIQUES

Communication Techniques


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TRANSCULTURAL NURSING

Transcultural Nursing



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Cross-cultural nursing

Intercultural nursing

Multicultural nursing



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Definition of Terms

Ethnicity

Belonging to a specific ethnic group (individuals

who share a common social and cultural heritage

that is passed on to successive generations)

Race

Classification of people according to shared

biologic characteristics and physical features



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Culture Knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws,

customs, or any other capabilities

and habits acquired by humans as

member of society

Characteristics

It is learned from birth through

language and socialization

It is shared by members

It is influenced by specific conditions

It is dynamic and ever-changing

Cultural Assessment Parameters


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1. COMMUNICATION

Continuous process by which one

person may affect another through

written or oral language, gestures,facial expressions, body language,

space and other symbols

Verbal Communication

Nonverbal communication



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Silence Native Americans, Chinese, Japanese

value silence, essential inunderstanding a persons needs

English, Arabic to preserve privacy

Asian sign of respect

Russia, France, Spain may indicate

agreement



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Touch American firm handshake is a

recognized form of greeting thatconveys character and strength

European kiss in one or both cheeksalong with handshake

Orthodox Jewish husband cannot touch

his wife during labor and delivery Arabic kiss with same sex



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Facial Expression

Italian, Jewish, African-American, Latino

use facial expression to communicate

feelings Irish, English, northern Europe less

facial expression and less open in their

response


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Eye Movement

Western culture direct eye contact is

important and shows attentive listening

Native American, Filipino American,Asians impolite or invasion of privacy



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2. SPACE

Relative concept that includes the individual,

the body, the surrounding environment

American, Canadians, British requires more

personal space

Latin Americans, Japanese, Arabic need the

least amount of personal space



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3. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Includes the family and other groups within a

society that dictate culturally accepted rolebehaviors of different members of the society

and rules of behavior Latino husband usually provider anddecision-maker

Native-Americans, African-Americans matriarchal

Asian, Native-Americans elders arerespected



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Middle-east or Nigerian male patientcannot accept instructions from female

nurse/physician



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4. TIME Individuals focus on the past, present,

future

American directed to the future Some African Americans, Puerto

Ricans, Mexican Americans, Chinese

Americans avoid fixed schedule



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5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL Magico-religious health belief view

Scientific or Biomedical health belief

view Holistic health belief view

6. BIOLOGIC VARIATIONS

Common Biologic Variations and IncreasedSusceptibility to Disease in Ethinic/Racial

G


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Groups

AfricanAfricanAmericanAmerican Keloid formation, hypertension,Keloid formation, hypertension,sickle-cell disease, lactosesickle-cell disease, lactoseintolerance, DMintolerance, DM

EuropeanEuropean

AmericansAmericans

Breast cancer, skin cancerBreast cancer, skin cancer

MexicanMexicanAmericansAmericans

DM, HPN, Pernicious Anemia,DM, HPN, Pernicious Anemia,TBTB

NativeNative

AmericansAmericans

DM, altered alcohol metabolism,DM, altered alcohol metabolism,

arthritis, TBarthritis, TB

AmericanAmericanEskimosEskimos

GlaucomaGlaucoma

Common Biologic Variations and IncreasedSusceptibility to Disease in Ethinic/Racial

G


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Groups

AsiansAsians Altered alcohol metabolism,Altered alcohol metabolism,lactose intolerance, Cancer,lactose intolerance, Cancer,thalassemia, DM (Filipino),thalassemia, DM (Filipino),Thyroid cancer (Filipino)Thyroid cancer (Filipino)

East IndiansEast Indians Lactose intolerance,Lactose intolerance,ThalassemiaThalassemia

HaitianHaitianAmericansAmericans

TB, sickle-cell diseaseTB, sickle-cell disease

JewishJewishAmericansAmericans

Tay-Sachs disease, StomachTay-Sachs disease, Stomachcancer, high serum cholesterol,cancer, high serum cholesterol,Polycythemia vera, DM, ChronsPolycythemia vera, DM, Chronsdisease, Ulcerative colitisdisease, Ulcerative colitis


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Thank you!

Ronivin Garcia Pagtakhan, RN, MAN

(c)

funda - nsg proces, hx foreign nd local, nsg as a profession 09 oct

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