fundamentals of physical examinaon · – pectus carinatum – pectus excavatum ......
TRANSCRIPT
Fundamentals of Physical Examina5on
Chapter 5
Physical Examina5on
• Inspec5on • Palpa5on • Percussion • Ausculta5on
Physical Exam
• Determine the correct diagnosis • Proficiency is a?ained through prac5ce • Typical format for recording the exam includes: – Ini5al impression – Vital signs – HEENT – Neck – Thorax – Abdomen – Extremi5es
Head
• Facial expression • Nasal flaring • Cyanosis • Pursed lip breathing
Eyes
• Pupillary reflexes – PERRLA • Mydriasis
• Miosis
• Ptosis • Diplopia • Nystagmus
Neck
• JVP • Accessory muscle use • Tracheal posi5on • Lymph nodes
• Caro5d pulse
Lung Topography
Anterior Chest Posterior Chest
Lung Topography
Lateral Chest
Thoracic Cage Landmarks
Anterior Chest Posterior Chest
Lung Fissures
Thoracic Inspec5on
• Thoracic configura5on – Pectus carinatum – Pectus excavatum – Kyphosis – Scoliosis – Kyphoscoliosis – Flail chest
• Central cyanosis
• Breathing pa?erns – Apnea – Biots – Cheyne stokes – Kussmauls – Apneus5c – Paradoxical – Asthma5c
• Breathing Effort – Retrac5ons/bulging – Abdominal paradox – Respiratory alterans – Hoover’s sign
Thoracic Palpa5on
• Vocal fremitus • Tac5le fremitus
• Thoracic expansion • Skin and subcutaneous 5ssues
Thoracic Percussion
• Indirect percussion • Lung fields – Normal resonance
– Increased resonance – Decreased resonance
• Diaphragma5c Excursion
Lung Ausculta5on
• Tracheal breath sound • Bronchovesicular • Vesicular • Bronchial • Adven55ous – Wheeze – Crackles – Rhonchi – Stridor – Pleural fric5on rub
Figure 05‐19 Loca5on on chest wall where normal bronchovesicular and vesicular breath sounds are heard. A, Anterior bronchovesicular. B, Posterior bronchovesicular. C, Anterior vesicular. D, Posterior vesicular. (From Wilkins RL, Hodgkin JE, Lopez B: Fundamentals of lung and heart
sounds, ed 3, St Louis, 2004, Mosby.)
Wheezing vs Crackles
Voice Sounds
• Brochophony • Egophony • Whispering pectoriloquy
Precordium
• Heart topography • Point of maximal impulse – PMI
• Heart sounds
Neurologic Exam
• Suspected brain or spinal cord injury • Assessment of LOC
• Brainstem
Abdomen
• Hepatomegaly • Ascites
Extremi5es
• Clubbing • Cyanosis • Pedal edema
• Capillary refill • Peripheral skin temperature