futurelofoten 2030: lofoten airport as a regional growth generator
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FutureLofoten2030: Lofoten airport as a regional growth generator
Paal Henning Lkke / Morten Celius
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Airplanes and the STOL-network
Media analysis
Regional effects
Tourism and airfares
Fishing
Project drawings
Model
p. 3
p. 9
p. 17
p. 21
p. 29
p. 35
p. 47
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Airplanes and the STOL-network
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3I Sky Arrow
ATR 42
Bombardier Dash 8 Series 300
Champion Challenger
Helio Stallion
Piper PA-12
SIAI-Marchetti FN.333 Riviera
AAC Angel
ATR 72
Conroy Stolifter
IAI Arava
Piper PA-14
SIAI-Marchetti SM.1019
Aero Adventure Aventura II
Auster AOP.9
Britten-Norman Defender
de Havilland Canada Dash 7
IAR-822
Piper PA-16
Spectrum SA-550
Aero Commander 200
Australian Aircraft Kits Hornet
STOL
Britten-Norman Islander
de Havilland Canada DHC-1
Chipmunk
Kolb Mark III
Piper PA-18
Sukhoi Su-80
Aero Commander 560
Aviat Husky
Canaero Toucan
de Havilland Canada DHC-2
Beaver Mk 1
Lake LA-4-200 Buccaneer
Piper PA-23
Temco T-35 Buckaroo
Aero Commander Lark
Beagle Pup
Cessna 150
de Havilland Canada DHC-2
Beaver Mk III
Maule M-4
Piper PA-24-260 Comanche
Terzi T-9 Stiletto
Aeronca 11 Chief
Beechcraft Bonanza
Cessna 152
de Havilland Canada DHC-3
Otter
Maule M-5
Piper PA-32-300 Cherokee Six
Utva 66
Aeronca 15 Sedan
Beechcraft Debonair
Cessna 162
de Havilland Canada DHC-4
Caribou
Miles Aerovan
Piper PA-38 Tomahawk
Utva 75
Aeronca Champion 7AC
Beechcraft Musketeer Custom III
Cessna 172
de Havilland Canada DHC-5
Buffalo
Mooney M10
PZL-104 Wilga
Wassmer WA-80
Aerostar 600
Beechcraft Musketeer Sport III
Cessna 175
de Havilland Canada DHC-6
Twin Otter
Mooney M20E Chaparral
PZL-105 Flaming
Westland Skylander
Zlin Z-526
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STOL Airplanes for runways < 900 m
Air & Space 18A
Beechcraft Musketeer Super III
Cessna 177
Dornier Do 27
Mooney Mite M18
Quest Kodiak
Zenith STOL CH 701
American Champion Citabria
Beechcraft T-34 Mentor
Cessna 180
Dornier Do 28
Navion Rangemaster
Rockwell Commander 500
Zenith STOL CH 801
American Champion Decathlon
Beechcraft Twin Bonanza
Cessna 182
Erco Ercoupe
PAC Cresco
Ryan Navion
American Champion Scout
Bellanca 14-19
Cessna 185
Evangel 4500
PAC CT/4
Scottish Aviation Pioneer
Antonov An-14
Bellanca Viking
Cessna 188
Fisher Horizon
PAC P-750 XSTOL
Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer
Antonov An-28
Birdman 2S Chinook
Cessna 206
Great Lakes Sports Trainer
Peterson 260SE
Seawind 300C
Antonov An-72
Birdman WT-11 Chinook
Cessna 210
Grumman American AA-5
Traveler
Pilatus PC-6 Porter
Sherpa K650T
Atlas ACE
Bombardier Dash 8 Series 100
Cessna 337
Grumman Super Ag Cat
Piper J-3
Shinn-2150-A
Atlas Kudu
Bombardier Dash 8 Series 200
Cessna O-1
Helio Courier
Piper PA-11
Short SC.7 Skyvan
STOL (Short Take-off and landing) is a term used for aircraftsdesigned for short runways. These aircrafts are oftencargoplanes, military vessels or small passenger planes.There are some bigger passenger planes for commercialuse, but they have all gone out of production.
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22 international and regional airports (incl. Longyearbyen)
25 STOL-ports
25 public airports
Leknes799 m
Svolvr876 m
Norway is characterized bycomplex terrain and weatherconditions. The norwegiangovernment decided during the1960s and 70s to establish a STOLnetwork to best serve the citiesand municipalites along the
coast. Until now, this service hasbeen performed by Widere.
Now that the planes used byWidere are out of production,the norwegian STOL-ports facea big challenge. The normalprocedure would be to extendthe runway, however this inmany cases might prove to beimpossible due to the norwegiantopography and internationalsafety requirements.
Lofoten is such a place. Todaythe region is served mainly bySvolvr and Leknes airport, bothSTOL-ports. Both have a runwayof approx. 900 meters. Theserunways have proven impossibleto extend su cciently, and Avinorhave suggested a new regionalairport with a 2000 meter runwaydesigned to operate mainstream jetcrafts with better reach.
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A runway safety area (RSA) or runway endsafety area (RESA) is de ned as the surfacesurrounding the runway prepared or suitablefor reducing the risk of damage to airplanesin the event of an undershoot, overshoot, orexcursion from the runway. (Wikipedia)
When investing in a new airport with arunway longer than 1,200 meters it demandsto meet international safety requirements. It istherefore more economically viable to buildrunways of 2,000 meters to accommodatethe most common aircraft types such asBoeing 737, having access to a larger marketof destinations and airlines.
=
Boeing 737-800W
Runway 2000 m
Runway > 1200 m
Runway < 1200 m
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Media analysis
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Avinors proposal of locationof a new regional airport atGimsya requires closure of theexisting Leknes and Svolvrairport. This proposal triggereda major debate in the media.We analyzed approx. 250articles that dealt with thematter and concluded that
almost all of the articles werepublished in local media, ofwhich two thirds of these inturn were only published inpaper format. This testi ed tolarge local engagement, butthat the issue did not reachthe publicoutside the region.
www.retriever.no
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National press
Local newspaper
News agency
1% 1%
Web
Paper
64%
36%
98%
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2012 2013
2 9 . 0 2 .1 2
0 1 . 0 3 .1 2
0 3 . 0 3 .1 2
0 6 . 0 3 .1 2
1 2 . 0 3 .1 2
1 6 . 0 4 .1 2
2 6 . 0 4 .1 2
2 9 . 0 4 .1 2
0 2 . 0 5 .1 2
0 9 . 0 5 .1 2
2 5 . 0 5 .1 2
Proposal for a new NationalTransport Plan is handed overfrom transportation agenciesand Avinor to the Ministries
Further away from thehospitalOdd Eskil Andersen
Direct ights to Oslo will be atotally different situationTove Bjrkmo
We recommend oneairport in Lofoten and one atHelgelandDag Falk Petersen
Easier and cheaper to y toand from LofotenEivind Holst
To shut down Leknesairport would mean theend of pharmaceuticalmanufacturing in Nordlad Jim Roger Nordly
The siteis a veryimportantspot for birdsJohan Sirnes
Never before has itbeen a total repeal ofconservationIngunn Iversen
Gimsy is the mosturealistic alternativeKai Olav Fredriksen
A airport run on acommersial basis isunrealisticPl Krger
One commonairpost will result inincrease in tourismRichard Kongsteien
Gimsy isprobably the worstlocation for a newairportJohn Stenersen
Gimsy is has i richand varied birdlifeJohn Stenersen
The county councilrecommends to continueplanning with the aim ofbuilding a new airport inGimsy Fylkesrdet
2 0 . 0 2 .1 3
1 2 . 0 9 .1 1
No problem with 2000mrunway at LeknesJonny Finstad
Transport+AirportMay Valle
Municipal election
2 5 . 0 8 .1 1
Media coverage timeline
Deadline for thesubmission of a newnational transport ispostponed to April
Vestvgy and Vgan disagreesin the Lofoten Council onsupporting Avinors applicationfor 6 billion more from thegovernment.
It would signal the accroval ofa public airport in GimsyJonny Finstad
I would say that anairport on Gimsy is moreimportant than oil andgasEivind Holst
It is competition andnot cooperation thatcharacterizes therelationship betweenVestvgy and VganGeir Vinsand
We expect that Minister of theEnvironment ensures that theairport plans on Gimsya arestoppedNOF
NTP 2014 - 2023is released
2 9 .1 0 .1 2
2 8 .1 1 .1 2
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As part of themedia analysis welisted all individualswho were quotedin the media. Wecategorized themaccording tohome municipality,political positions,environmentalinterests andeconomic
interests. The mostprominent factorwas their homemunicipality.
LivL. Skjnns
Tove Bjrkmo
Geir Waage
Hugo Bjrnstad
Terje MoeGustavsen
Jann-ArneLvdahl
Rolf Hartviksen
Dag Falk-Petersen
MargretheSnekkerbakken
Jon Sjlander Barry Larsen Rolf Grimsrud
Holger Pedersen
Brge IversenTor Andersen
GuriIngebrigtsen
Hilde RdsJohnsen
Gunnar Rofstad Jan-EirikHanssen
Roger Mosseng Lars Erik Nermo Svein Helland
Jim-RaymondOlaisen
Torbjrn Naimak
Jan-WilliamPleym Ludvigsen
KetilBenjaminsen
Jarle RobertSolberg
Johan Sirnes Kjetil Aa.Solbakken
MalfredSlydalRichardKongsteien
Henrik Johansen Kjersti ElineTnnesen Busch
Ove Narvesen Arne H. Reiersen Ole MartinHammer
LillianRasmussen
Bjrn HugoBendiksen
Ivar Kristiansen
Ola Skjeseth Gard Nybro-Nielsen
Bjrn Kjensli
JesperRungholm
TrondSolem
Erik Skarstein
Geir Solheim
Ruben Jensen
Ann-HegeLervg
Tone MayNordstrand
Erik Lahnstein
Ingunn Iversen Stein Terje Dahl Sigvald RistJohn Stenersen Svein ErikDrechsler
Torbjrn LotheBjrn Opsahl Rolf G.Nicolaisen
Alf Lie
KjellOlavHalland
Steinar Friis
Geir Pollestad
ElisabethHoland
KaiOlavFredriksen
MayValle
Erling Solvang
Arne IvarMikalsen
Gran .Rasmussen
Gryland
Terje Wiik Jonny Finstad
Jim RogerNordly
PlKrger
Brge Larsen
EivindHolst
RichardSandnes
KaiHenriksen
TommyStensvik
Allan Ellingsen
Kjell-BrgeFreiberg
Odd-EskilAndersen
KennethSvendsen
EspenThorvaldsen
Tore Nyster
Sren FredrikVoie
FritsBlix Hansen
MarianneBremnes
JensJohan HjortOle-HenrikHjarty
Arn nn Ellingsen
Knut ArildHareide
Peter EideWalseth
Frode Hov Elisabeth Dreyer
Jan EivindFredly
Arnt M.Winther
Per Lillemark
LailaDavidsen
Positive
Neutral
Negative
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North NorwayOther
Svolvr
Leknes
The various municipalitiesshow very different viewson the development in themedia. It is clear that theadministrative boundariesplay an important role,which could weakenprogress in terms of Lofotenas a region.
A new regional airportcan be a major boost as agrowth generator, and cancatalyze a broad varietyof new developments inLofoten.
www.retriever.nowww.skattelister.no
Vry761 inhabitants
Rst612 inhabitants
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Moskenes1 130 inhabitants
Flakstad1 369 inhabitants
Vestvgy10 674 inhabitants
Vgan9 023 inhabitants
Hadsel8 028 inhabitants
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Regional effects
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Gimsy
Leknes
84%
Svolvr Gimsya is located betweenLofotens only two cities,Leknes and Svolvr. Theirmunicipalities, Vgan andVestvgy, account for 84 %of Lofotens total population.With the suggested roaddevelopment the traveltime by car to these citieswill be approx. 25 minutes.
50 km
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Vrya
Srvgen / Moskenes
Reine
Sund
Ballstad
Ure
Nusfjord
Til Bod Til Bod
E6
Til Rst
Ramberg
Napp
Gravdal
Leknes
Tangstad
Eggum
Borgvr
Havn
Bstad
Stamsund
Lvdal
Gimsya
Henningsvr
Lyngvrstranda
Revsya
Vret
Kabelvg
Laukvika
Fiskebl
Hanya
Hennes
Stokmarknes
Melbu
Svolvr
Skutvik
Eide
Fredvang
Vikten
Til Bod
240
Valen/Pundslett
Gimsya - Leknes:25 minutes!
Gimsy - Svolvr:25 minutes!
Leknes - Srvgen:45 minutes!
60 minutes by car
50 km
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Present situation
Population 230
Phase 3
Population 1840
Phase 5
Population 7360
An example of exponential growthof the building mass at Gimsy witha linear relation to population andgrowth factor of 2.
In phase 5 Gimsy will have reacheda population comparable to Vganand Vestvgy municipality.
1 : 500 000
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Tourism and airfares
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Lodging in Lofoten by type ofaccommodation and purpose oftravel.
Hotelaccommodation
Camping/cabinaccommodation
Purpose of travel
Course / conference
Norwegians Norwegians Holiday / leisureForeigners Foreigners Work
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50 000 50 00020 00020 00020 000 50 000
January JanuaryJanuary December December December
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-5% -5%
5% 5%
10% 10%
15% 15%
-10%
-15%
-10%
-15%
Hotel accommodation Cabin/campingaccommodation
-10%
10%
20%
30%
-20%
-30%
Lodging in LofotenPurpose of travel
TromsLofoten
BodTromsLofoten
BodCourse / conferenceHoliday / leisure
Work
0% 0% 0%
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With the currentalternatives Lofoten isboth an expensive andtime consuming goalfor travelling. A newand more effectiveconnection will makeLofoten more attractivefor weekend travelersand the business market.The current situationwith low capacitymakes it dif cult totransport large groups,which is a challengefor the course andconference industry. In
addition, the businesseswant activities alreadythe rst day, whichis dif cult with thecurrent ways of travel.
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With a newregional airport at
Gimsy
Oslo - Bangkok Oslo - NY Oslo - Rome
Leknes
Leknes Svolvr
Svolvr
Flight to Bod,transfer to ferry to
Svolvr
Flight to Bod,transfer to ferry
to
0
1:00
1:30
2:00
2:30
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
5:00
5:30
6:00
6:30
7:00
7:30
8:00
8:30
9:00
0:30
Flight to Bod,transfer to
Svolvr / Leknes
Flight to Evenes,to Lofoten by car
Leknes
Svolvr
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A new main airport in Lofoten will increase theavailability and range for travelers. You willbe able to travel directly to and from Lofotenfrom all over Europe. The Norwegian Instituteof Transport Economics have concludedthat better availability and new aircrafts willrepresent a saving in travel time of 60 minuteseach way compared to the best alternativeavailable today, as well as a seat price thatis 750 NOK lower. This has the potential togenerate tourist travels both domestic andinternational.
Source: TI-report 1132/2011
-120 min -6000 NOK
Charter Regular routes
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20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
160 000
180 000
200 000
220 000Touristovernight staysin lofoten 2012,by nationality.
Source: ssb.no
N/A
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Fishing
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Despite the introductionof quotas in 1990, thetotal catch in Norwaycontinued to increase.This regulation is criticizedbecause it favors the bigcompanies with the mosteffective shing gear suchas bottom-trawlers. This has
led to a continuation of thedecline of employment inthe shing industry, bothin terms of the number of
shing boats and crew.
www.ssb.no
The number of shermenand shing vessels havedeclined dramaticallydue to modernization ofthe shing eet and the
introduction of shingquotas. It is unlikely thatthis will be reversed infavor of tradition, due toeconimical advantages.The result is fewer small
shing boats and morebig trawlers. The result ismany of those who usedto work at sea now areworking in production andprocessing plants ashore.
1945
0 0
37 500 750 000
75 000 1 500 000
112 500
150 000
2 250 000
3 000 000
1965 19851950 1970 19901955 1975 1995 20051960 1980 2000 2010
Fishermen
Total catch(tonns)
Fishing vessels
Total catch(tonns)
Fishermen /Fishing vessels
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Fish export from Lofoten.
www.ra sklaget.no
Mainland Lofoten
Vry + Rst
10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
Pelagic sh Cod and codspecies
Flat anddemearsal sh
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10 000
20 000
30 000
40 000
50 000
60 000
70 000
121110987654321
Export routes
Lofotens shing industry isby far the largest industry inthe region (www.ssb.no). It ishighly susceptible to seasonal
uctuations due to the codsspawning period, resulting in
many seasonal workers andfew permanent residents. TheNorwegian Institute of Food
Research have lately hadvery good results in researchon the storage of live cod,also called cod farming.By storing live wild sh it ispossible to harvest and export
cod throughout the year andensuring a year-round industrywith xed, regular income.
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Mainland Lofoten
Vry + Rst
A new main airport has thepotential to transport fresh codabroad with direct ights. Withan ef cient production linebased on live storage of cod itis possible to offer fresh cod all
year round and not just in thespring when the price is at thelowest. You will be able to reachcountries in Europe and Asiawhich are important markets forfresh cod. Export of sh accountfor 80% of all exports by air fromNorway (SITMA rapport 090912).It will also eliminate almost allfreight of sh by car to Oslo.
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Project drawings
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F t L f t 2030 L f t Ai t i l th t
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1 : 40 000 1 km
E10 - Leknes
Fish landing
Hoven-
368 m
Sandsmannen
-568 m
LofotenGolfLinks
Saupstad
Vinje
rrstranda
Vik
Sand
YtreBarstrand
HovHovsund
Storknubben-
599 m
Barstrandtinden-
600 m
Svarttinden-
696 m
Skjolden-
544 m
Persatinden-
578 m
Haugen wastedisposal site
E10 - Svolvr 1 : 20 000 2 kmPaal Lkke / Morten Celius
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PROJECT STATEMENTLofoten Airport at Gimsy combines the function as a regional airportwith a sh processing plant designed for export. The manufacturingprocess and export is located directly at the airport and providesa rapid and ef cient production line, which is valuable for exportproducts of fresh cod. In addition, tourists and travelers have theopportunity to get a glimpse of local industry based on Lofotensmost important resource: the sea.
The main building houses both a terminal and a processing plant.It consists of a laminated wooden structure of columns and beamsin a triangulated grid. This ensures a homogenous roof deck whichopens up the view of the northern lights, the nature and the sky.In addition, it provides daylight in even the deepest parts of thevolume. The grid meets the oor by a rectangular grid of six-armedcolumns. This contributes to a exible plan, which is importantfor both the production facilities and the terminal since both are
exposed to potential changes in equipment, room program andproduction or transportation line. The grid can also be extended inboth directions so that both the terminal and the processing plantcan grow independently.
Todays ights in and out of Lofoten have a high frequency toBod, but for travelers outside Nordland county, it is both expensiveand time consuming. The aircrafts that currently land at Svolvrand Leknes are all gone out of production, and when none of theexisting runways can be extended suf ciently one must look for newsolutions.
Avinor wants to build a 2000 meter runway that can operatemore mainstream jetcrafts, and establish direct ights to Oslo andEurope. They have concluded that Gimsya is the only possiblelocation suitable for take-off and landing in relation to topography.
In addition Gimsya is located in between the two existing airportsand Lofotens only two cities, Leknes and Svolvr. These citiesbelong to two municipalities that make up 85 % of the inhabitants ofLofoten. The proposal involves the closure of todays two airports bycommercial and economical considerations. Their report caused alocal media debate during the spring of 2012 that involved manydifferent actors. The fear of losing the current frequency of ights toand from Bod to a new airport twenty minutes away in anothermunicipality, was the biggest factor for negativity.
The new airport will provide the region with new and betteravailability for larger aircrafts, shorter travel times and lower seatprices. This will increase the potential for development of tourismand the shing industry, Lofoten s two biggest industries. Both aretoday struggling with large seasonal variations, which a new mainairport will help to equalize.
The potential for year-round tourism is de nitely present, and thereare many exciting projects currently in development. The demandexists, but availability is lacking. With improved accessibility therewill be opportunities for weekend charter tourism, business trips andother activities that create diversity in the market and contribute toyear-round tourism.
The shing industry also has seasonal uctuations. The cod shinglasts from January to April and is de nitely the biggest goods from
sh exported from Lofoten. The rest of the year is characterized bylow income and few employees. The demand for cod is increasingboth from Europe and the rest of the world, and the price of cod ispeaking in autumn. By storing fresh wild cod and utilizing ef cienttransport, one can develop the shing industry in order to meet thedemand.
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Situation plan
1 : 2 000 100 m
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Equinox Summer solstice Winter solstice
Lofoten is located north of the Arctic Circle andis characterized by highly variable sun conditionsthroughout the year. In summer you will experienceperiods of midnight sun, while in winter it can be
total darkness. It varies between 0 and 24 daylighthours. The solar angle from the south varies from 2to 45.
Many smaller airports may be perceived as moreor less standardized buildings, and provide littleor no experience of the place you are. Lofotensbeautiful and unique scenery, as well as varyinglight conditions, is the inspiration for a transparentbuilding where you always relate to the outside.The roof structure allows the experience of theaurora borealis, and lets in daylight in even thedeepest parts of the building.
The construction consists of laminated elementsin a column - beam structure. The six-armed pillarsact as a mediator between the triangulatedroof structure and the rectangular column grid.This provides a homogeneous roof surface thatcatches light from different angles. The rectangularcolumn grid allows exible programming of boththe terminal and the processing plant.
The construction can be extended in bothdirections taking into account any extension of theterminal or the production facilities.
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Entrance /exit hall
Check-incounter
Customs
Luggagecarousel
VacuumingPost-
processing
Apron
Apron
PackingDespatch
Baggagedrop
Washing
Luggageholding area
Filleting
Heading /gutting
Domesticgate lounge
Bar
Slaughtering
ApronApron
Preparation
Int.gate loungeTax-free
Fishreceival
Storage
Storage
Storage
Securityscan
Eateries
Retail
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1 : 40020 m
A A
B
B
Ground oor
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1st oor
A A
B
B
1 : 40020 m
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1 : 20010 m
A : A
1 : 20010 m
B : B
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1 : 40020 m
1 : 40020 m
Southwest elevation
Southeast elevation
p g g g
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Model
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Paal Lkke / Morten Celius
p g g g
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