g8 hokkaido - jfs japan for sustainability · 2008. 10. 30. · shigemoto kajihara, senior director...
TRANSCRIPT
Japan for Sustainability
Toward theToward the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summity
M d J 9 2008Monday, June 9, 2008Shigemoto KAJIHARA,
i iSenior DirectorPolicy & Coordination Division
l b l i l1
Global Environmetal BureauMinistry of the Environment of Japan
1
1) Japan’s leadership in international negotiations on climate changenegotiations on climate change
2
Global CO2 Emissions & Prospects
21 4%
USAOtherProspects: Global CO2 Emissions
25
CO2 Emission
25
CO2
21.4%33.3%Global
CO2 emissions(2005)
15
20
15
20
18.84 2%
(2005)
27.1 bn. t-CO2 10開発途上国
10 Developing Countries
%12.0%5.7%4.5%
4.2%China
Japan
India
0
5
先進国
0
5
Developed Countries
EU 15RussiaMoEJ from IEA「 CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION」 2007EDITION
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 21002000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
Source: Kainuma et al., 2002: Climate Policy Assessment, Springer, p.64.
3
Outline of the COP13 Bali Conference
Agreement on the “Bali Action Plan” concerning the next framework
J d ti l d fi li d ti ti
Critical Point :All ti ill ti i t i i t h t i 2009
← Japan proposed actively and finalized negotiations
All nations will participate aiming to reach agreement in 2009
・ Review commitments and actions of advanced countries ensuringReview commitments and actions of advanced countries, ensuring comparability, including quantified emission limitations and reduction targets
・ Agree that developing countries will take concrete actions (through・ Agree that developing countries will take concrete actions (through assistance)
To commence full-fledged discussions, Japan will provide leadership as the G8 host country
and … commitments of developed countries for the next term (Protocol AWG):The total reduction goal of developed countries as a group is 25% to 40% reductions
4
Conference Schedule Related to Climate Change
2007 2008
6 8 10 12 6 12Spring1 1 11 12
2009
UNFCCCCOP13
(Indonesia)
Hokkaido Toyako
COP14(Poland)
COP15(Denmark)
UNFCCC(United Nations
FrameworkConvention on Climate
Change)
HeiligendammSummit
(6/6-8, Germany)
Hokkaido Toyako Summit
(7/7-9, Japan)G20
G8
G8MoE
G20 @ Chiba
(3/14-16)
G8MoE@Kobe
(5/24-26)Davos
ConferenceMajor
E iConference (1/23-27,
Switzerland)
EconomiesMeeting
( Summer )
First commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol: 2008~2012(Japan counts by fiscal year rather than calendar year)
5
Vision for promoting “Cool Earth”: Japan will set a quantified national target
(Announcement of Cool Earth Partnership (Prime Minister Fukuda expressed at Davos Conference in January 2008))
Future outlook (BAU)Mid-term target Long-term target
GlobalGHG
(Announcement of Cool Earth Partnership (Prime Minister Fukuda expressed at Davos Conference in January 2008))
“Innovation”. Develop innovative technologies
Transform into Low Carbon Societies
“Post-Kyoto Framework”. Have Global GHGs peak in coming 10 to 20 years
emissions
. Transform into Low Carbon Societies
“Cool Earth 50”Halve globali i b 2050
“International cooperation”. International deployment of emissions by 2050. International deployment of energy conservation efforts. New financial mechanism
(Cool Earth Partnership)
now 2018~2028 2050
( p)
6
Relation between gross targets by country and sectoral approach
* Next framework
・ Setting of fair goals( ← Japan sets gross amount target by country )( p g g y y )
・ Realize the peaking through participation by all major emitters
* Method of setting gross targets by country:g g g y yBottom-up method utilizing sectoral approaches
M itMerits:・ Possible to grasp reduction potentials scientifically and
objectivelyobjectively・ Can specify cost-effective measures
7
Cooperation & Partnership in Asia & World to Benefit the Entire Globe
“Leapfrogging” by developing countries
Evolution path ofdeveloped countries E l ti th f d l ddeveloped countriesso far
Evolution path of developed countries toward a low carbon society
GHGs
Evolution path of developing countries so far Evolution path of developing countries
toward a low carbon society
Economic Growth
National needs Global environmental issues
Efforts to address environmental Efforts to address Co-benefits
8
environmental improvement climate changeCo-benefits
G8 Environment Ministers Meeting@Kobe(24-26 May)
~Major Agendas: “Climate Change” “Biodiversity” “3Rs”~
Participation from(19 countries)Participation from(19 countries)・・regions and 8 regions and 8 International organizations(including 12 foreign ministers)International organizations(including 12 foreign ministers)
~Major Agendas: Climate Change , Biodiversity , 3Rs ~
<G8 Countries><Other participated countries>
Japan(Chairman)d
Antigua and Barbuda (G77 Chair country)AustraliaChina Brazil
CanadaFranceGermany
Indonesia IndiaKorea MexicoSouth Africa Slovenia (EU Chair)
ItalyRussiaGreat Britain UN Environment Program (UNEP) International Union for
South Africa Slovenia (EU Chair)
<International Organizations>
United StatesEuropean Commission
UN Environment Program (UNEP), International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN),Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD), World Bank, Global Environment Facility (GEF), Global CommissionLegislators Organization for a Balanced Environment (GLOBE), UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat, Basel Convention Secretariat 9
G8 Environment Ministers Meeting@Kobe(24-26 May)
~Chairman’s Summary: Climate Change~
① Long-term Goals : Low-carbon Society
~Chairman s Summary: Climate Change~
② Post-2012 Framework
③ E i I t t (E i i T di C b Off t t )③ Economic Instruments (Emissions Trading, Carbon Offset, etc.)
④ Cooperation Among Developed and Developing countries
⑤ Kobe Initiative
follow up on the outcome of the meeting and a proposal of dialogue within majorfollow up on the outcome of the meeting and a proposal of dialogue within major
countries
(1) International research network on low‐carbon societies
(2) Analysis on bottom‐up sectoral mitigation potentials
(3) Promotion of Co‐benefits among relevant policies
( ) b l f l(4) Capacity building support for developing countries on inventories and data collection (measurability, reportability, and verifiability [MRV])
10
Major Arguments Japan’s Position
Major arguments at the G8 Hokkaido Toyako Summit(7-9 July)(Concerning Climate Change)
Major Arguments Japan s Position
Long‐term target Halve the global GHG emissions by 2050
Peak out・Mid‐term target Peak out the emissions incoming 10 to 20 yearsP l hPropose a sectoral approaches
Sectoral approach Propose it as a fair method for formulating a country based national targetEffective for promotion of efforts by developing countries through efficient technology transferefficient technology transfer.
Participation by developing countries
Actions of emerging countries under the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities is crucial.
Co‐benefits approach Contribute to both the development and the reduction of GHG emissions.Should be positioned as an important pillar of development strategy of developing countries.
A i t t d l i P t C l E th P t hi (Ab t US$10 illi )Assistance to developing countries
Promote Cool Earth Partnership (About US$10 million)Proposal for establishment of a multi fund in addition.
Domestic Emissions Trading System
Discuss comprehensively on wide range of arguments including the assessment of specific plans and the validity of introductionSystem assessment of specific plans and the validity of introduction.(Under discussion at the Commission on Climate Change Issues; session meetings on strategies, Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet)
Transform into low‐carbon Promote creating a common vision for low‐carbon society to be shared inTransform into low‐carbonsociety
Promote creating a common vision for low‐carbon society to be shared in the world
→ Toward establishment of an effective framework that all major emitters participate, aims significant agreement at the Toyako Summit, with the hope of backing up the negotiation under the United Nations. 11
2) Japan’s approaches toward a low carbon society
12
Units: million tons of CO2
Trends in CO2 Emissions from Energy by Sectorand Targets for 2010
500
Units: million tons of CO2
Units: million tons of CO2
1990 Change from 1990 2006
Reduction rate to meet
target
Targets(*)
for 2010
400 Industrial Sector (Factories, etc.) 482 -4.6% 460
-6.7%~
-7.6%424~428
300
217 +16.7% 254 -4.8%
~-6.4%
240~243
Transportation Sector (Vehicles, ships, etc.)
Commercial and Other Sector(Office buildings, etc.)
164 +39.5% 229 -11.6%
~-13.0% 208~210
200
R id ti l S t
127 +30.0% 166 -19.1%
~-21.5% 138~141
100 Residential Sector
Energy Conversion Sector 68 +13.9% 77 -16.2% 66
0
gy
(*) As a target guide for emissions, a maximum predicted effect and a minimum predicted effect for reduction measures have been established. Naturally, the goal is to try and achieve the maximum effect; however, even if only the minimum effect is achieved, it has been formulated so that it will at least meet Japan’s targets under the Kyoto Protocol.
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
13
For the economic and social systems to grow with low carbon emissions
Supply of energy conservation technologies
ili k
Demand for low carbon goods and services
Innovation of life styleInnovation in energy conservation
technologies
Utilize market mechanisms aiming
at growth harmonious with
. Advancement of energy conservation efficiencyIntroduction of high‐efficiency heat pumps high‐efficiency lights etc Innovation of business style
harmonious with the environment
pumps, high efficiency lights, etc. y
* Carbon pricing through emissions Shifting energy sources
. Promotion of demand for low‐carbon goods and services, etc.
. Nuclear power generation
. Renewable energies, etc.
D l “ i i ” i
trading and environment taxes
Shifting energy sources
Practical application of CO2
Capture and Storage (CCS)
Develop “compact cities” in which people can live
comfortably without cars* Deployment of new business models such as carbon offsets and eco point
14
Emissions Trading
E i iReductions
EmissionsEmissionsMarket
A B
Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet:Commission on Climate Change Issues; session meetings on strategies
Ministry of the Environment:Implementation of voluntary domestic emissions trading system;P bli i f ifi i i d i i i di
Commission on Climate Change Issues; session meetings on strategies
Publication of specific system options in domestic emissions trading
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry:Study group on economic methods addressing climate change
15
y g p g g
Tokyo stock exchange:Study group on stock exchanges, including Kyoto Mechanism Credits
Finally: “Light down” toward the preventionof climate change
Emissions from lighting account for about 10% of CO2 emissions from
houses.
National Light Down from g8 p.m., July 7, the first
day of the Summit!Decoration with candles in the square in front of the Hokkaido Government Building. “Light Down” event
“Gaia Night”
(March 30 2008)
Replace incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent lights.Replacement of incandescent light bulbs with fluorescent lights will cut about 32kg of CO2 emissions a year.
y
(March 30, 2008)
16
National Campaigns
Eco Point
A mechanism providespoints upon purchasing
i denergy saving goods or actions for energy saving.
Points will be changedPoints will be changedwith a product.
17
Picture of the Earth from Satellite “Kaguya”
18