galileo’s trial on trialfrom teleological science to mathematical empirical science

7/30/2019 Galileos Trial on TrialFrom Teleological Science to Mathematical Empirical Science

1/11

4

Ndhehlcy ]qedh cb ]qedh

@qcf ]lhlchcneidh Yielbil }c Fd}glfd}eidh Lf{eqeidh Yielbil

Cqenebdhhu {|aheyglm d}?

g}}{?##~~~"jqeyey{qdwey"icf#dqigeply#1;49#;4#ndhehlcy}qedhcb}qedh`qcf}lhlchcneidh

yielbil}cfd}glfd}eidhlf{eqeidhyielbil#

Yli|hdq iqe}eiy c` Igqey}edbe}u }u{eidhhu d{{ldh }c }gl eb`dfc|y }qedh c` Ndhehll Ndhehlc eb

Qcfl '4040% dy ebmey{|}dahl lpemlbil }gd} Igqey}edbe}u ey db eb}chlqdb} dbm eb}lhhli}|dhhu

adbjq|{} yuy}lf" Alq}qdbm Q|yylhh mlyiqealm }gl }qedh eb }glyl ~cqmy(

Ndhehlc( dy lplqucbl jbc~y( ~dy icbmlfblm au }gl Ebt|eye}ecbgl qlidb}lm( dbm{qcfeylm blplq dndeb }c fdeb}deb }gd} }gl ldq}g qc}d}ly cq lpchplm" ]gl Ebt|eye}ecb

~dy y|iilyy`|h d} {|}}ebn db lbm }c yielbil eb E}dhu( ~geig mem bc} qlpepl }glql `cq

ilb}|qely( a|} e} `dehlm }c {qlplb} flb c` yielbil `qcf dmc{}ebn }gl glhecilb}qei

}glcqu( dbm mem icbyemlqdahl mdfdnl }c }gl Ig|qig au e}y y}|{eme}u" @cq}|bd}lhu }glql

~lql [qc}ly}db} ic|b}qely( ~glql }gl ihlqnu( gc~lplq dbwec|y }c mc gdqf }c yielbil(

~lql |bdahl }c ndeb icb}qch c` }gl Y}d}l"4

Pch}deql eb gey lyydu cb Mlyidq}ly dbm Bl~}cb '4>17% y{eilm |{ }gl l{eycml lplb fcql }c

lby|ql mqdfd}ei l``li}y? }gl nqld} Ndhehlc( d} }gl dnl c` leng}u( hdbn|eyglm eb }gl {qeycb c`

}gl Ebt|eye}ecb `cq gdpebn mlfcby}qd}lm }gl ldq}gy fcplflb}"

]gl yli|hdq iqe}eiy y}cqu ey cbl c` }gl eblwcqdahl ql}qld} c` Igqey}edbe}u eb}c }gl adij~d}lqy c`

yciedh {qcnqlyy( dbm c` e}y alebn hl`} algebm eb }gl dmpdbilflb} c` }gl jbc~hlmnl lb}lq{qeyl"

Icbylt|lb}hu( cbl ~c|hm gdpl lw{li}lm }gl Igqey}edb qlhenecb }c ~e}glq d} }gl fdqneby c`

yciel}u dbm lplb}|dhhu nc }gl ~du c` }gl nu{yely" A|} }gey gdy bc} allb }gl idyl" E} idhhy }c

febm Fdqj ]~deby qlfdqj( ]gl ql{cq} cb fu mld}g ~dy db lwdnnlqd}ecb"

[lqgd{y e} ey }efl }c }djl d `qlyg hccj d} }gl }qedh c` Ndhehlc" ]gl y}cqu c` yielbil meyiqlme}ebn

}gl Igqey}edb `de}g }ccj cb }gl igdqdi}lq c` d mqdfd}ei fu}g }gd} {cq}qduy d `dhhlb glqc cq

fdq}uq `cq }gl nqld} id|yl c` qldycb 'Ndhehlc% eb }gl `dil c` }uqdbbeidh d|}gcqe}ely ml`lbmebn

}gl enbcqdbil c` qlhenec|y mcnfd 'ql{qlylb}lm au [c{l \qadb PEEE dbm Qcalq} Idqmebdh

Alhhdqfebl%" Ndhehlc( }gl eicb c` `qllmcf c` yielb}e`ei ebt|equ( ~dy iq|yglm au db eb}chlqdb}

dbm c{{qlyyepl qlhenec|y yuy}lf" ]gl fu}g lbmy ~e}g d flfcqdahl cblheblq {qc}ly} d}}qea|}lm

}c Ndhehlc ~glb gl ah|q}lm c|} d`}lq gey qlidb}d}ecb( L{{|q ye f|cpl 'Ul} e} mcly fcpl%"


2/11

1

A|} }gl }q|}g ey }gd} }gl Ndhehlc d``deq ~dy bc} d ad}}hl al}~llb Igqey}edbe}u dbm yielbil" E}

~dy d ad}}hl al}~llb chm yielbil 'Dqey}c}lhedb }lhlchcnu% dbm bl~ yielbil 'Ndhehlcy

fd}glfd}eidh( fligdbeidh yielbil%( eb ~geig lb}qlbiglm |beplqye}u {qc`lyycqy y{dqlm bc

t|dq}lqy }c {qc}li} }gleq ply}lm eb}lqly}y" [che}eiy f|mmhlm }gl icb`hei} dy d ~ldj [c{l idfl

|bmlq {qlyy|ql }c di} }c|ng dndeby} ql`cqfey} fcplflb}y"

Ebmllm( }gl `di} }gd} }gl emldy c` Ic{lqbei|y dbm Ndhehlc `c|bm qlil{}ecb dfcbn }gl

[qc}ly}db}y lhyl~glql eb L|qc{l ~glql }glql ~dy bc ilb}qdhezlm a|qld|iqd}ei {c~lq alhely }gl

igdqnl }gd} Igqey}edbe}u ey ebglqlb}hu gcy}ehl }c `qll yielb}e`ei ebt|equ" A|} neplb }gl {lqyey}lb}

fu}g( e} ey blilyydqu }c nc adij }c }gl alnebbebn c` }gl {qc}ldb ydnd c` }gl qlhd}ecbyge{

al}~llb Igqey}edb `de}g dbm yielbil }c ye`} fu}gy `qcf gey}cqeidh `di}y"

]gl Gey}cqeidh Icb}lw}

^glb Ndhehlc c``lqlm d {hd|yeahl 'a|} bc} icbih|yepl% ml`lbil }c }gl dh}lqbd}epl glhecilb}qei

|beplqyl {qc{cylm au Ic{lqbei|y( gl ~dy bc} yc f|ig ncebn dndeby} Igqey}edb }glchcnu dy

dndeby} }gl mcfebdb} Dqey}c}lhedb[}chlfedi fcmlh c` }gl nlcilb}qei |beplqyl" ]gl [}chlfdei

fcmlh mcly ~cqj eb lw{hdebebn }gl eqqln|hdq fcplflb}y c` }gl {hdbl}y( dhale} }gqc|ng

eb}qcm|iebn l{eiuihly }c }gl ieqi|hdq cqae}y c` }gl {hdbl}y dbm qlt|eqebn i|falqycfl

fd}glfd}eidh idhi|hd}ecby }c fd}ig ~gd} ~dy caylqplm eb }gl gldplby" Ic{lqbei|y fcmlh

fdu {qcpeml lt|epdhlb} {qlmei}ecby c` }gl fcplflb}y c` }gl {hdbl}y( a|} e} ~dy bc} y|{{cq}lm

au dmlt|d}l lf{eqeidh lpemlbil dbm eb `di} ml`elm }gl icffcbylbyl lw{lqelbil c` db

effcpdahl ldq}g dbm fcpebn y}dqy dbm {hdbl}y eb }gl yju" ]gl Ic{lqbeidb fcmlh qlfdeblm

icb}qcplqyedh: cq qd}glq( e} ~dy }chlqd}lm dy d glh{`|h( }gc|ng |b{qcplb gu{c}glyey" ]glql ~lql

bc} lbc|ng qldycby }glb }c meyidqm d fcql cq hlyy ~cqjebn yuy}lf }gd} gdm qlenblm

|bigdhhlbnlm cq `c|q}llb g|bmqlm uldqy"

Ebmllm( Ic{lqbei|y yuy}lf e}ylh` ~dy {hdn|lm ~e}g ebicbyey}lbiely dy e} icb}eb|lm }c qlhu cb

}gl dbielb} emld c` ieqi|hdq cqae}y `cq }gl y|b" E} ~dy cbhu f|ig hd}lq }gd} }gl glhecilb}qei

yuy}lf {qcpemlm yef{hlq dbm fcql dii|qd}l idhi|hd}ecby ~e}g }gl dmc{}ecb c` lhhe{}eidh cqae}y

{qc{cylm au Ocgdbbly Jl{hlq" Lplb }glb Jl{hlq mem bc} {qcpeml icf{lhhebn lpemlbil }c

y|{{cq} }gl fcmlh dbm gey dy}qcbcfeidh }dahly ~lql diil{}lm yc hcbn dy }gl glhecilb}qei


3/11

9

fcmlh ~dy qlndqmlm dy bc fcql }gdb fd}glfd}eidh idhi|hd}ecby adylm cb db |b{qcplb

gu{c}glyey"

]gl glhecilb}qei |beplqyl dmpcid}lm au Ndhehlc qlfdeblm d y{li|hd}epl gu{c}glyey }gd} hdijlm

icqqcacqd}epl lpemlbil `qcf lf{eqeidh dy}qcbcfeidh caylqpd}ecby" ]gl }lhlyic{ly d} }gd} }efl

~lql bc} ylbye}epl lbc|ng }c fldy|ql }gl {dqdhhdw fcplflb}y c` }gl y}dqy: dbm bc hlyy db

d|}gcqe}u }gdb ]uigc Aqdgl '4


4/11

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y|{{cq} gey }glcqu( Ndhehlc y|nnly}lm }gd} }gl }emdh {glbcflbcb ~dy m|l }c }gl qc}d}ecb c` }gl

ldq}g dy e} cqae}y qc|bm }gl y|b" A|} }gey lw{hdbd}ecb ~dy bc fcql }gdb d icboli}|ql" Gey

iqe}eiy ic|hm ldyehu {ceb} c|} }gd} gey }emdh }glcqu ~c|hm {qlmei} }emly d} }gleq gengly} d} bccb

'}gl }efl `cq nqld}ly} ql}dqmd}ecb% dbm hc~ly} d} fembeng} '}gl }efl c` nqld}ly} diilhlqd}ecb%

dbm }gey yef{hu icb}qdmei}lm mdehu caylqpd}ecby" Icbpebiebn {qcc` `cq }gl qc}d}ecb c` }gl ldq}g

~dy {qcpemlm cbhu eb }gl fem47;;y ~e}g }gl eb}qcm|i}ecb c` }gl @c|id|h} {lbm|h|f"

Yielb}e`ei Yjeqfeygly

Yigchdqy }ccj c``lbil d} Ndhehlc `cq }qdbynqlyyebn }gl ac|bmdqely c` didmlfei meyie{hebly"

Cbl ~c|hm bc} }gebj jebmhu c` d {guyeiey} }quebn }c lw{hdeb flmeidh ehhblyy cq d hcneiedb }quebn

}c lw{hdeb yciechcnu 'd yefehdq fcmlqb {glbcflbcb ~c|hm al yciecaechcney}y ~gc dql bc

hlyy y{li|hd}epl eb }gleq }glcqezebn ~glb }glu }qdbynqlyy }gl meyie{hebly c` l}geiy dbm

{yuigchcnu%" Eb }gl luly c` gey icb}lf{cqdqely( fd}glfd}eidh dy}qcbcflqy hejl Ndhehlc ~lql

flqlhu }ligbeiedbybc} eb}lhhli}|dhy( f|ig hlyy {gehcyc{glqy cq }glchcnedby" ]c icf{c|bm

fd}}lqy( ~gd} eqjlm }gl |beplqye}u {qc`lyycqy ~dy }gl `di} }gd} Ndhehlc }gl }ligbeiedb gdm

~cqflm gey ~du eb}c }gl ic|q} c` Flmeie eb @hcqlbil dbm yli|qlm }gl d{{ceb}flb} }c }gl

{cye}ecb c` ic|q} {gehcyc{glq" Eb l``li}( Ndhehlc au{dyylm }gl {qc{lq {qcilm|ql c` ncebn

}gqc|ng }gl |beplqye}u yuy}lf"

]c dmm eby|h} }c ebo|qu( }gey Ndhehlc gdm }gl d|mdie}u }c igdhhlbnl }gl qlenbebn emldy c` }gl

didmlfed '~glql bl~ emldy ~lql }ly}lm meyiqll}hu eb }gl ihdyyqccf% au {|aheygebn dbm

meyylfebd}ebn gey bl~`dbnhlm emldy }c }gl ~emlq {|ahei" E} mem bc} glh{ }gd} Ndhehlc ~dy

nlblqdhhu qlicnbezlm }c al }gl y|{lqecq mlad}lq ~gc g|fehed}lm gey c{{cblb}y ~e}g yd}eqeidh

~e} dbm ydqidyf eb d ylqely c` mey{|}ly"9

Eb 404;( Ndhehlc {qlylb}lm gey }lhlyic{l meyicplqely c` fc|b}deby cb }gl fccb dy ql`|}d}ecb

c` }gl Dqey}c}lhedb }ldigebn }gd} }gl gldplbhu acmely fdml c` t|eb}lyylbil f|y} al {lq`li}hu

y{glqeidh" Gl {ceb}lm c|} }gd} }gl fccbhejl {gdyly c` Plb|y ygc~ }gd} Plb|y cqae}y qc|bm

}gl y|b( icb}qdqu }c }gl [}chlfdei yuy}lf" Y}ehh( gey c{{cblb}y ql`|ylm }c }djl }glyl

caylqpd}ecby ylqec|yhu yebil }glql ~dy bc }glcqu c` c{}eiy d} }gd} }efl dbm Ndhehlc gefylh`

~dy bc} dahl }c lw{hdeb gc~ }gl }lhlyic{l ~cqjlm }c {qcm|il y|ig caylqpd}ecby" Ebmllm( gey

c{{cblb}y ebyey}lm }gd} }gl caylqpd}ecby ~lql bc} c` }gebny eb }gl gldplby a|} c{}eidh ehh|yecby

iqld}lm au }gl hlbyly" Ndhehlc {qlyylm gey idyl |bqlhlb}ebnhu dbm eb 4044 {qlylb}lm }gl


5/11

galileo’s trial on trialfrom teleological science to mathematical empirical science

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