Gas Liquefaction

Katherine D’Ambrosio

Liquefaction

The refinery process of converting natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer chain hydrocarbons such as gasoline or diesel fuel

Methods

Compress the gas at temperatures less than its critical temperature

Make the gas do work against an external force, causing the gas to lose energy and change to a liquid state

Make gas do work against its own internal forces, causing it to lose energy and liquefy.

Cascade process - use one liquefied gas to liquefy another

Joule-Thomson effect - compress and then rapidly expand the gas

Liquefaction Temperatures

Liquid Natural Gas (LNG)

Cooled until it Liquefies @ -160°C

Reduces volume 600 times

Colorless, Odorless and Non-Toxic

Safe to transport and store

Shipped and Stored at Atmospheric Pressure

LNG Chain

Gas Well

FieldProcessing

TransmissionPipeline

Liquefaction

Shipping

ReceivingTerminal

Market

Natural Gas Liquefaction Process

Compression

RefrigerantLoop

LNG

GASGAS

Storage

Treatmentand

Purification

-161ºC

•Removes condensate, CO2, Mercury, and H2S

•Causes dehydration

Environmental Advantages

Virtually no ash, sludge or hazardous waste is produced

Particulate emissions are approximately 95% less than burning coal

Over Coal, Distillate and Naphtha LNG has lower: Sulfur dioxide emissions (by 100%), Nitrogen Oxide emissions (by 75%) Carbon Dioxide emissions (by 50%)

Questions?