gate & fencing

FENCING, GATE & SUNDRIES

AWANGKU NAZREEN AWG NAPRI ISMAIL RAZALI

MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN JAMALUDIN NURUL SHUHADA SHAMSUDDIN

NUR FATIN AMIRA AMBOK SULOH NUR AWADDAH NASHORDIN

NUR FARHANA KAMAL

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING SERVICES AND EXTERNAL WORKS

FENCING CONSTRUCTION METHOD

FENCING COMPONENTS

(CHAIN LINK FENCING)

Mild Steel Post And Bracings

Concrete Footings

Barbed Wire Arms

Straining Wires And Barbed Wires Chain Link Fencing

Barbed wires

Straining wires

Concrete footings

TOOLS USED FOR FENCING


Fencing Pliers Purpose: It is used for gripping, pulling and tying fence wire.

Fencing Wire Cutter Purpose: To cut the fencing wire.

Post Hole Digger Purpose: To dig a hole for the terminal posts and line posts.

Wheelbarrow, Shovel and Hoe Purpose: To mix and transport the concrete. Hacksaw

Purpose: To cut the terminal posts or line posts.

Fence Stretcher Purpose: To stretch the chain link fence.

METHOD OF INSTALLATION


1st: Preparing Fence Layout STEP 1

Locate your property's boundary lines. Set all the post to

be approximately 4" inside the property line so that

concrete footings do not encroach onto any adjoining

property.

STEP 2

Mark the location of each terminal post (corner, end, and

gate posts are called terminal posts) and also line post.

2nd: Setting Terminal Posts and Line Posts

STEP 1 Dig terminal post and line post holes approximately 8" in diameter and 30" deep, with sloping sides. STEP 2 With crayon or chalk, mark the ground line on posts. Height, above level ground, of terminal posts will equal the height of the fence fabric plus 2". STEP 3 Center the posts in the holes. Make sure the posts are plumb and set at the correct height. (Crayon mark should be at ground level.) STEP 4 Surround posts with concrete in a continuous pour. Trowel finish around posts and slope downward to direct water away.

3rd: Attach The Straining Wire To The Posts

STEP2 Tension your line wire. To achieve this you need to secure the end of

the line wire to the cylinder on your winder (simply thread the line wire through the hole in the cylinder, and wrap it round a few times).

STEP3 Once the line wire is secure, run it to the corresponding bracket on the

fence post at the far end of your run of fencing (this will either be another end post, a straining post, or a corner post).

The line wire should run past the spine side of the intermediate posts, and then clipped onto the spine using the clip tool and hog rings.

STEP1 For 1800mm and 1200mm high fencing

you will need three runs of line wire along the fence line.

Attach the corner brackets to the upright post by slotting them into the holes on the spine of the post.

A winder should then be bolted to the second hole on each bracket.

4th: Attach The Chain Link To The Line Wire

STEP 1 Hold the roll of chain link upright against your starting post. The chain

link must be unrolled carefully from an upright position. In order to attach the chain link to your starting post, weave the supplied stretcher bar in and out of the links of the chain link.

Bolt the stretcher bar to each of the brackets to which the line wire has been secured.

Attach the stretcher bar to the same hole used to attach the winder, simply by using another nut to hold the stretcher bar in place.

STEP 2 The chain link should now be

rolled out along the runs of tensioned line wire (keeping the roll upright).

GATE CONSTRUCTION METHOD

A gate is usually placed to protect certain areas or to keep kids or pets in, intruders or animals out, or even just for privacy.

GATE

Types of gate post : 1. Timber gate post. (Softwood and Sawn

green Oak gate posts) 2. Concrete gate post. 3. Steel gate post.

Types of gate post varies according to the

thickness and the width.

The wider the gates, the bigger the posts required to hold them up. And the taller the gates, again, the bigger the posts need to be.

Softwood gate posts Sawn green Oak gate posts Steel posts

Concrete gate post

GATE-POST

Before fitting the posts into the ground:

Posts are weather cut on the top to enable water to run off.

Posts are the correct length (Depth of hole plus gate height plus clearances under the gate)

Once hole is dug, place a bit of hardcore/ballast into the bottom of the hole. This ensures any water drains away and helps to stop your posts from rotting. After that, give it a tamp down to compress it. Use the end of a lump hammer to do this.

Place post in hole and check for plumb (level) on one of the faces of the post and one of the edges.

1st: Sinking The Posts Into The Ground

Tack on a couple of braces to the posts.

Fill the hole with concrete.

Once the hole has been filled with concrete, check for plumb.

Tools/Material required: Spade/Post hole digger Tape measure Spirit level Lump hammer Concrete Hardcore Source of clean water

Place the gate in between the two gate posts and sit it on packers.

The gate should be able to stay in position by itself while the hinges are

screwed in place.

If the gate is to open inwards, then the hinges will be fixed to the inside of the

gate to the horizontal frame members.

If the gate is to open outwards, then the hinges will be fixed to the outside of the

gate, to the boards and in line with the

horizontal frame members.

Once the hinges are screwed in place, fit the gate latch. The latch should be

put half-way up the gate

2nd: Hanging (Fitting) The Gate

Wood latches Field gate

latches

Twisted ring gate latches

GATE-STAY / GATE CATCHES

1. Latches

Lever Gate Latches

Thumb Latches

Double strap Cranked Bands with Pins

2. Gate hinges

Heavy duty gate hinges

Wooden hinges

3. Cane bolt

Cane bolt is use for fixing one side of a double gate or door opening.

It can also be used as a horizontal slide bolt, or to secure the top of a door to the head jamb.

The gate stop is a vertical strip (made of according to materials)

fixed to the post.

It will block the gate from going further than intended and help

avoid any damage to the gate

latch and hinges when the gate be

excessively blown or slammed

shut for any reason.

Make the gate stop the same length as the gate and the position

will be determined by the thickness

of the gate and also by which side

of the gate that the hinges are on.

3rd: Fitting The Gate Stop

Gate stops Prevent hinge, latch, and gate

damage and prolong gate life.

Gate stops can be installed after gate installation.

T- shape (stainless steel)

L- shape (stainless steel)

Vinyl

GATE TECHNOLOGY

TYPES OF GATE Swing Operates inward or outward

Usually used in areas where there are plenty space to swing the gate leaf

The single leaf is the most economical and easiest to install

TYPES OF GATE (CONT'D)

Slide

Commonly used in residential, schools and commercial buildings

Slides on wheels from left to right or right to left

Excellent choice to replace swing gate when the site has limitations in space

Automatic Gate

Operate themselves without having a person to open

or close them.

Automatic gates need a mechanical device or gate

operator to receive the signal and respond by

swinging or sliding the leaf of the gate.

How actually the gate operator works?

GATE TECHNOLOGY

A) Swing Arm Operator (Mechanical)

There are two types of swing arm operator which are:

- Top Swing Arm Operator

- Bottom Swing Arm Operator

Easy to install, access for maintenance

Fast

GATE OPERATOR

The only difference between the two is the location of the arm, as the name says, Top Swing Arm Operators have their arms attached to the gate near the middle height and highly visible

Unlike Top Swing, the Bottom Swing Arm Operators have their arm on the bottom which gives the gate a pleasing appearance when viewed from the outside

GATE OPERATOR (CONT'D)

Hydraulic

Used for large and heavy gates

Use hydraulic fluids to operate their motion

Pros : produce more power than mechanical motors

Cons : expensive, need frequent inspection, less safe

GATE OPERATOR (CONT'D) B) Linear Arm Operator (Mechanical & Hydraulic) Mechanical

Used for light and small gates

Up to gates of 14inch long

Pros : easy to install, normally installed with solar panel

Cons : cannot operate with large gates

C) Underground Operator

Used where aesthetics are important

Available in both mechanical or hydraulic versions

Usually installed to binary swing gates


D) Slide Gate Operator

More expensive need specialist with good mechanical skills

Usually used when the gate is on a steep grade or when the person cannot or do not want to open the gate outwards

Available in AC, battery and solar powered


FENCING TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRIC FENCE A fence that uses electric shocks to deter

animals or people from crossing a boundary.

The voltage of the shock may have effects ranging from discomfort to death.

Most electric fences are used today for agricultural fencing and other forms of animal control, although it is frequently used to enhance the security of sensitive areas, such as military installations, prisons, and other security sensitive places.

DESIGN & FUNCTION An intelligent electric fence primarily consists of

an energizer and bare wire fence structure.

The Energizer is an intelligent electronic device that converts the mains electricity into high voltage electric pulses and releases the pulses through the bare wires on the fence structure.

The pulses provide a non-lethal but painful shock to any intruder trying to gain access unlawfully to the property.

The high voltage pulses are powerful enough to penetrate through most of clothing materials, standard hand gloves and standard foot wears.

ELECTRIC FENCING MATERIALS

Smooth steel wire Woven wire/barbed wire

Synthetic webbing woven with fine conducting wires

ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC FENCE Always active and dependable Detect intrusion attempts Send SMS alerts Deny intrusion - Electric shocks Deter intruders Delay intrusions Easy installation Effective and Safe

DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC FENCE High maintenance effort High purchasing cost

TYPES OF INSTALLATION

Electric fence on top of brick or stone wall

Electric fence on top of metal fence

Full height electric fence Electric fence on top of swing gate

Electric fence on top of sliding gate

APPLICATION

Electric Fence installed on top of wall around bungalow / detached house

Electric Fence installed on top of wall around bungalow / detached house

Electric Fence installed on top of metal fence around housing estate

FENCING MEASUREMENT

TYPES OF FENCING

Two types of fencing, normally classified as:

Open type fencing

Close type fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT Section W

Fencing

W.1 Generally

W.1.1 Particulars of the following shall be given:

a. Kind and quality of material (e.g. timber, concrete, or steel)

b. Preliminary treatments (e.g. impregnating or galvanising)

applied as part of production process or applied before

delivery to site

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT Fencing (contd)

W.1.2 Fencing specially designed to suit sloping ground (over

15 degrees from the horizontal) shall each be so described

W.1.3 Fencing set out to a curve but straight between posts

shall be so described irrespective of radius.

Curved fencing, defined as curved between posts, shall be so

described stating then radius

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT Fencing (contd)

W.1.4 Posts, struts and other supports which occur at.. (pp. 134)

W.1.8 Fencing shall be measured overall (i.e. over posts

and other supports). The height of fencing shall be

measured from the surface of the ground (or other base) to

the top of the filling (or to the top wire where there is no

filling) between the posts.

OPEN TYPE FENCING

Clause W.2 Post-and-Wire Fencing

Clause W.3 Post-and-Rail Fencing

Clause W.4 Chain-Link and Wire-Mesh Fencing

Clause W.5 Cleft-Pale Fencing

Clause W.6 Palisade Fencing

Clause W.7 Metal Bar Fencing

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT

Open type fencing

W.2 Post and wire fencing

Measured in metres

State height of fencing, the gauge, and number of line-

wires, the method of attaching the line-wires to the

posts and the method of straining


Post and wire fencing


Open type fencing

W.3 Post and rail fencing

Measured in metres

State height of the fencing, size and number of horizontal rails and the method of fixing the rails to the

posts


Post and rail fencing


Open type fencing

W.4 Chain-link and wire-mesh fencing

Measured in metres

State height of the fencing, gauge and number of line wires, method of attaching the line-wires to the posts,

the size of mesh and gauge of wire in the fabric and the

method of attaching the fabric to the line wires


Chain-link and wire-mesh fencing


Open type fencing

W.5 Cleft-pale fencing

Measured in metres

State height of the fencing, spacing of the pales, the number of lines of binding wire and the method of fixing

the binding wires to the posts


Cleft-pale fencing


Open type fencing

W.6 Palisade fencing

Measured in metres

State height of the fencing, the size and number of horizontal rails, the method of fixing the rails to the

posts, the size and spacing of the pales, the treatment

of the tops (pointed, sharp, etc) and method of fixing

the pales to the rails


Palisade fencing


Open type fencing

W.7 Metal bar fencing

W.7.1 given in metres stating height, size, spacing..(pp. 135)

W.7.2 Railing reforming part of a building shall be given in accordance with section P (metalwork)

CLOSED TYPE FENCING

Clause W.8 Close-Boarded Fencing

Clause W.9 Built-up Concrete Fencing

Clause W.10 Corrugated Fencing


Close type fencing

W.8 Close-boarded fencing

Measured in metres

Stating height of fencing, size and nos of horizontal rails, method of jointing, etc (pp. 135)


Close-boarded fencing


Close type fencing

W.9 Built-up concrete fencing

Measured in metres

Stating height of fencing, size and thickness of the

infilling units between posts, the method of jointing the

units to the posts, the size of cappings and the method

of fixing the cappings to the infilling units

PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT Built-up concrete fencing


Close type fencing

W.10 Corrugated fencing

Measured in metres

Stating height, size and number of horizontal rails, etc

(pp. 135)


Corrugated fencing

GATE MEASUREMENT

Gates

Based on SMM Section W.11

W.11.1 Generally : Gates shall be enumerated

State size and method of construction

Hinges and locks and fastenings and the like shall be given in the description

Gate-posts (other than forming part of the fencing) shall be enumerated stating the size

Holes for gate posts shall be given in accordance with W.14

W.11.2 Wicket gates shall be enumerated as extra over the item in which it occurs stating the size, method of assembly, fixing including framing, accessories, etc.

Gate-steps, gate-catches and independent gate-stays shall each be enumerated separately stating the method of fixing. Excavating and bedding in concrete shall be given in the description stating the composition and mix of the concrete.

SUNDRIES

Concrete Spurs

Used as support for timber posts

Most of the time used as repair spurs, in the case of rotting, cracked posts.

Fixed to timber posts with bolts

Pre-cast

SMM 2 Clause W.12

Measured in nos

State the size and fixing method

State the size of bolts and holes in description

Special Posts

End post

Angle-posts

Integral gate-posts

Straining post

Struts

Etc

SMM 2 Clause W.13

Measured in Nos, as Extra Over

State size and depth below the ground

For struts; state size, number and fixing method

Example of description:

EXTRA OVER for ends post ...........mm ...........mm x ...........mm height; bedded in and including plain concrete Grade 20 as specified pad foundation size ...........mm x ...........mm x ...........mm deep; all necessary excavation, formwork and painting

Holes And Mortices For Posts

Holes are excavated to install posts, spurs, struts and other supports

Mortice is a hole or recess cut into a part which is designed to receive a corresponding projection (a tenon) on another part so as to join or lock the parts together.

Mortices

SMM2 clause W.14

Holes measured in Nos, stating the size and depth, nature of the filling and disposal of surplus soil.

Mortices shall be given in accordance with the rules in appropriate sections.

GATE & FENCING SPECIFICATIONS

SPECIFICATION

SECTION N.3 - FENCE AND GATES

1 General

1.1 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, fencing shall be of chain link type as specified hereunder.

1.2 Unless otherwise stated in the Drawings, the height of the fence shall be 1500mm from the ground up to the full height of the chain link.

1.3 The fence shall be erected to the extent and location as shown in the site plan. Where fencing is to be located on the boundary of the Site, the Contractor shall ensure that its construction shall not infringe the adjoining properties.

SPECIFICATION(contd) 2 Mild Steel Post and Bracings

2.1 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, mild steel angle posts and bracings shall be of size 57mm x 57mm x 6mm. All steel members for fencing and gates shall be to the approval of the S.O.. Before delivery to the Site, the steel members for fencing and gates shall be precut and assembled at the Contractor's workshop and painted with one coat of approved metallic primer.

2.2 Where three strands of barbed wires are required, a mild steel angle arm 430mm long, of the same cross sectional dimension as the post shall be welded at the top of the post at 45 degrees inclination. Where six strands of barbed wires are required, two pieces of mild steel angle arms as specified hereinbefore shall be welded to the top of each post forming the shape 'Y' with each arm having three strands of barbed wires.

SPECIFICATION(contd)

3 Chain Link Mesh, Straining

3.1 Chain link mesh, straining wires and barbed wires shall be made of galvanized steel and of approved quality. The mesh shall be of size 64mm made up of 3.25mm (10 gauge) diameter wire. Straining wires shall be of 4.06mm (8 gauge) diameters and barbed wires shall be of 2.64mm (12 gauge) diameters.


4 Fencing

4.1 Unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, the mild steel angle posts shall be erected at 3000mm centres commencing from the gate post and the posts shall be embedded plumb in concrete footings of size 250mm x 250mm x 600mm deep. Mild steel angle bracings of the same cross sectional dimensions as the post shall be fixed at all corners, bends, junctions, gate posts and at every five bays of straight fencing.

4.2 The bracings shall be fixed at an inclination of 45 degrees to the horizontal with top end bolted to the post, 300mm below the top of the post and the bottom end encased in concrete footing as described hereinbefore.

SPECIFICATION(contd) 4. Fencing (contd) 4.3 The chain link mesh shall be stretched across the posts and secured in place using approved fencing clips. The end of chain link fencing abutting mild steel gate posts shall be fixed by means of 19mm x 3mm mild steel flat straps drawn through the mesh and bolted using 10mm diameter mild steel bolts to 25mm x 25mm x 6mm mild steel plates welded to the posts at equal intervals of 300mm. Where gate posts are non metal, the termination of the fencing at the gate shall be by means of another mild steel angle post fixed to one side of the gate post and strengthened by bracing as described hereinbefore. The chain link mesh shall then be strained by three strands of 4.06mm (8 gauge) diameter galvanized steel straining wires threaded through the mesh and fixed to the posts.

4.4 Where shown in the Drawings, the bottom of the chain link mesh shall be buried in continuous 1:3:6-25mm concrete curbs. Unless otherwise detailed in the Drawings, the cross-sectional dimension of curbs shall be 125mm wide x 375mm high with 150mm protruding above the ground. The portion of the curb above the ground shall be rendered with 13mm thick 1:6 cement render to a wood float finish.

5 Gates

5.1 The gates shall be constructed as detailed in the Drawings.

6 Painting of Fence and Gates

6.1 The metallic primer previously applied to the steelwork at the workshop shall be touched up where necessary. Unless otherwise specified, the posts, bracings and gates shall be finished with two coats of approved aluminium paint.


gate & fencing

Documents

line posts step

line wire step

terminal posts

fence line

line post holes

fence post

runs of line wire

fence wire