gb experience 10 years after privatisation

1 October 2007 – 3 October 2007

International Rail Safety Conference Goa

GB Experience10 years after privatisation

Anson JackDeputy Chief Executive

Director of Policy, Research and Risk Rail Safety and Standards Board

Great Britain

3 October 2007



Railway Reforms – 1994-1997• Vertical separation – 31/3/1994• 1 SOE (British Rail) to 100 private companies • Sale of ALL railway assets • Privatised infrastructure• Franchised all passenger services • Sale of freight businesses • Completely new access regime• Completely new safety regime• Creation of supply industry



8

safety case approval hierarchy

Health & Safety Executive

Railtrack

Train Operators

1994-2000



9

safety case approval hierarchy

HSE

Railtrack

TOCs and FOCs

1994-2000

HSE

Railtrack / Network Rail

TOCs and FOCs

2001-2006



9

Safety Management

System

Post Safety Directive

HSE

Railtrack

TOCs and FOCs

1994-2000

HSE

Railtrack / Network Rail

TOCs and FOCs

2001-2006

Office of Rail Reg

Network Rail TOCs and FOCs

2006 +



Regulatory changes since 1997

• Strategic Rail Authority (SRA) created, and abolished! (2000 to 2005)

• European Railway Agency (ERA) established with locus on standards and safety (2005)

• Office of Rail Regulation (ORR) – became integrated economic and safety regulator (2006)

• Department for Transport (DfT) now leads franchising and strategic development of railway (2005+)

• New Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB) (2005)



Industry Changes

• Railtrack created (1994) privatised (1996) bankrupt (2001), taken over by Network Rail (2002)

• Franchise length from 7 to 20 to 7 years• Number of franchises reducing from 25 to c20• Virtually all franchises change at end of initial

franchise term• Railtrack role in leading safety moved to

Railway Safety and, in changed format, to RSSB



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

19

47

19

50

19

55

19

60

19

65

19

70

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75

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80

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85

19

90

19

95

20

00

20

05

Pa

ss

en

ge

r k

ilo

me

tre

s (

bil

lio

ns

)

Passenger kms 1947 to 2006

DECLINE STAGNATION GROWTH

50% in 11 years



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

19

46

19

48

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60

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62

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64

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66

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68

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70

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72

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19

76

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82

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84

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86

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88

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90

19

92

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94

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19

98

20

00

20

02

20

04

20

06

Nu

mb

er

of

fata

l tra

in a

cc

ide

nts

Number of fatal train accidents per year (excluding public fatalities at level crossings)

Average number of fatal train accidents over previous 10 years

No of train accidents involving fatalities

Average rate is currently 1 every 2

years=

Lowest level to date



0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Ma

r-01

Ap

r-01

Ma

y-01

Jun

-01

Jul-0

1A

ug

-01

Se

p-0

1O

ct-01

No

v-01

De

c-01

Jan

-02

Fe

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ar-0

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pr-0

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ay-0

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Au

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ep

-02

Oct-0

2N

ov-0

2D

ec-0

2Ja

n-0

3F

eb

-03

Ma

r-03

Ap

r-03

Ma

y-03

Jun

-03

Jul-0

3A

ug

-03

Se

p-0

3O

ct-03

No

v-03

De

c-03

Jan

-04

Fe

b-0

4M

ar-0

4A

pr-0

4M

ay-0

4Ju

n-0

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l-04

Au

g-0

4S

ep

-04

Oct-0

4N

ov-0

4D

ec-0

4Ja

n-0

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eb

-05

Ma

r-05

Ap

r-05

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y-05

Jun

-05

Jul-0

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ug

-05

Se

p-0

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ct-05

No

v-05

De

c-05

Jan

-06

Fe

b-0

6M

ar-0

6A

pr-0

6M

ay-0

6Ju

n-0

6Ju

l-06

Au

g-0

6S

ep

-06

Oct-0

6N

ov-0

6D

ec-0

6Ja

n-0

7F

eb

-07

Date

SP

AD

ris

k as

per

cent

age

of b

ench

mar

k

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Change in risk with TPWS (one year)

Change in risk with TPWS (two year)

Number of SPADS

9%

7%

SPAD risk - less than 10% of 2001 baseline



Trends in safety

• Significant improvement in areas directly under railways’ control

• Worsening position in areas not directly under railways’ control – trespass and suicide

• Recent efforts on level crossings beginning to show effects



Lesson for rail safety

• Despite turmoil in organisation, regulation, and ownership – GB railway delivered growth, improved safety and investment



What is RSSB?

• Set up in April 2003 as a not-for-profit company • Owned and funded by major stakeholders in the rail

industry, independent of any one party• Approximately 200 employees covering a range of

technical and business disciplines• Working with our industry partners our purpose is to:

– Continuously improve the level of safety in the rail industry

– Drive out unnecessary cost

– Improve business performance

,



RSSB

support

Asset/system management

Train Operators Network Rail

Supply

Chain

Supply

Chain

Where does RSSB sit in the industry?

Office of Rail Regulation

economic / safety regulator

Membershiprequired

by licence

Voluntarymembership

Voluntarymembership

Department for Transport

strategy / funding



Industry risks / opportunities.

Improving:• safety• cost• performance• capacity• sustainability

RSSB’s products and services help industry meet its objectives in safety, cost, capacity performance, and sustainability

Manage R&D

Manage standards

Provide safety intelligence

Facilitate cross industry working

Give technical support and advice

Support industry decision making

Deliver national programmes

Where industry can benefit from cooperation.

Model risk

What does RSSB do?



Example - Ejection during accidents

Location of accident Fatalities Ejections Fatal

Ejections

Watford 1 2 1

Southall 7 2 2

Ladbroke Grove 29 1 1

Hatfield 4 0 0

Great Heck 8 0 0

Potters Bar 6 6 4

Ufton Nervet 5 9 4

60 20 12



Inquiry recommendations

MPs campaign for seat belts

Families of the dead promoting hammers, belts, windows

Research into past accidents,hammers, windows, seat belts

Change standards for rolling stock (windows)

Assessment of risks to passengers

Establish Cross industry Containment Group (Understand

the nature of the problem)

Rolling stock, risk, human factors, economic support

to research and stakeholder

Risk assessment of options, built model to

assist in decision-making

Containment Group recommendations adopted by

ATOC Board

Problem:

Ejections



2-point (lap) seat belts (2005 research report):• Should not be fitted

3-point seat belts (2007 research report):• Should not be fitted

Windows (2007 research report):• Should all be laminated• Should not be breakable or used for escape

Industry agreed conclusions



Inquiry recommendations

MPs campaign for seat belts

‘Bereaved’ promoting hammers, belts, windows

Industry agreed strategy

• Adjust controls to improve safety

• Minimise the costs

• Joined up industry communications

Research into past accidents,hammers, windows, seat belts

Change standards for rolling stock (windows)

Assessment of risks to passengers

Establish Cross industry Containment Group (Understand

the nature of the problem)

Rolling stock, risk, human factors, economic support

to research and stakeholder

Risk assessment of options, built model to

assist in decision-making

Containment Group recommendations adopted by

ATOC Board

Problem:

Ejections



• That is what RSSB does and how it works across the industry to help improve business and safety performance

• All our research reports are published on the web

• Thank you for listening



www.rssb.co.uk

gb experience 10 years after privatisation

Documents

railway safety

safety regulator

leading safety

office of rail regulation

strategic rail authority

hserailtrack network

european railway agency

franchise length