Hippocrates (460 - 370 BC)

• Greek Doctor• 4 humours• Hippocratic Oath• Observation• Natural treatments• Books• Regimen (lifestyle)

Claudius Galen (129 - 216? AD)

• Roman (Arrogant)• Gladiator Doctor• Live Dissections • Pigs + Apes• Mistakes• Books• Opposites Theory

Ambroise Paré (1510 - 1590)

• French • Barber-Surgeon• Cauterisation • Ligatures• Ointment (e,r,t)• Book – ‘Works

about surgery’

Andreas Vesalius (1514 - 1564)

• Belgian Anatomist• Human Dissection• Stole bodies• Proved Galen wrong• (Only one Jaw Bone)• Book – ‘The fabric of

the human body’

William Harvey (1578 - 1657)

• English Physician• Royal Doctor• Heart Circulation • Proved Galen wrong• A Book (complicated name)

• Live Cold-Blooded Animal Dissection

Edward Jenner (1749 - 1823)

• English Doctor• Smallpox/Cowpox• Vaccination• 1853 - Compulsory• 8 Year Old Boy• Religion Against• Rich Friends

Edwin Chadwick (1800 - 1890)

• English Campaigner• Believed in Miasma• 1842 - his Report• Encouraged -• Better Diet• Clean Water• Disposal of Sewage

Mary Seacole (1805 - 1881)

• Jamaican ‘Nurse’• Crimean War• Volunteer• Herbal Remedies• Nightingale Refused• The British Hotel• Racism

Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)

• English Nurse• Upper Classed• Crimean War• Believed in Miasma• Invented Pie Chart • A Book - ‘Notes for

Nursing’

James Simpson (1811 - 1870)

• Scottish Obstetrician (Doctor of Childbirth)

• Discovered Chloroform (Accidently)

• Tried it on Daughter• Queen Victoria used it• Religion Against

John Snow (1813 - 1858)

• English Physician• Methodical• Doubted Miasma• Chloroform Inhaler

(made chloroform safe)• Discovered that

Cholera is Waterborne

Ignaz Semmelweis (1818 - 1865)

• Hungarian Physician• Washing Hands• in Chloride + Lime • Child Bed Fever• Dissected Mothers• Reduced Deaths

From 10% to 3%

Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895)

• French • Chemistry Professor• Germ Theory - 1861• Pasteurisation -

Heat Kills Germs• Investigated Beer• Animal Vaccines

Joseph Lister (1827 - 1912)

• Scottish Surgeon• Antiseptic -• Carbolic Acid

(Irritated Skin)• Aseptic - • Clean Equipment• Clean Wounds

Robert Koch (1843 - 1910)

• German Physician + Microbiologist

• Found Types of Germs• Developed Ways of

Sterilising Things• Won the Nobel Prize• Developed a Dye to

Help Identify Bacteria

Paul Ehrlich (1854 - 1915)

• German Physician On• Koch's Research Team

(Helped to make Koch’s dye)

• Invented Chemotherapy• Won Nobel Prize• Made First Magic Bullet

(Which was Injected) -• Called Salvarsan 606

Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955)

• Scottish Bacteriologist

• Discovered Penicillin• By Chance• Disorganised • Gave up (couldn’t

mass produce it)• Won Nobel Prize (with

Florey + Chain)

Gerhard Domagk (1895 - 1964)

• German Bacteriologist • Discovered Prontosil

(kills blood poisoning germ)

• First Commercial Antibiotic

• Won Nobel Prize• Tested on Mice• Cured Presidents Son

Howard Florey + Ernst Chain

• Won Nobel Prize• Found New Strain of

Penicillin • Worked out how to

mass produce it• Persuaded drug

companies in US• Tested on a man who

died (didn’t make enough)

William Beveridge (1879 - 1963)

• British Campaigner• 1942 - Report about

a Welfare State (NHS)• the 5 Evils - Want,

Disease, Ignorance, Squalor + Idleness

• NHS set up 1948 when Labour won

Aneurin Bevan (1897 - 1960)

• Welsh • Labour Politian + • Minister of Health in

1948 (NHS set up)• Supported and

Campaigned for NHS• Persuaded doctors to

sign up with the NHS