gcse phys revised support 7902

8/2/2019 Gcse Phys Revised Support 7902

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GCSE Physics

Specimen Assessment Materials

For frst teaching rom September 2011

For frst assessment rom Summer 2012

For frst award in Summer 2013

Subject Code: 1210


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Foreword

The awarding bodies have prepared new specifications to comply with revised GCSE and subject

criteria. The specimen assessment materials accompanying new specifications are provided to give

centres guidance on the structure and character of the planned assessments in advance of the first

assessment. It is intended that the specimen assessment materials contained in this booklet will help

teachers and students to understand, as fully as possible, the markers expectations of candidatesresponses to the types of tasks and questions set at GCSE level. These specimen assessment materials

should be used in conjunction with CCEAs GCSE Physics specification.


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BLANK PAGE


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GCSE Physics

Specimen Assessment Materials

ContentsSpecimen Papers 1

Unit P1: Foundation Tier 3

Unit P1: Higher Tier 21



Mark Schemes 89

General Marking Instructions 91





Controlled Assessment 133

Controlled Assessment Task (CAT) and Guidance Notes for Teachers 135

Controlled Assessment Task: Candidate Response Booklet A 139

Controlled Assessment Task: Candidate Response Booklet B 147

Controlled Assessment Mark Scheme 157


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Subject CodeQAN

1210600/ 1092/ 7

A CCEA Publication 2011

You may download further copies of this publication from www.ccea.org.uk


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1

SPECIMEN PAPERS


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2


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3

General Certificate of Secondary Education

2012

TIME

1 hour 15 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided

at the top of this page.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.

Answerall questions.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The total mark for this paper is 80.

Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the

marks awarded to each question or part question.Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 1(b) and

3(b).

For Examiners

use only

Question

NumberMarks

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Total

Marks

Science: Physics

Unit P1

Foundation Tier

[CODE]

SPECIMEN PAPER

71

Centre Number

Candidate Number


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4

Answerall questions

1 (a) A petrol engine converts the chemical energy in the fuel to both useful forms of

energy and unwanted forms of energy. Measurements show that for every 1000J

of input energy only 350J of useful output energy is produced.

Photos.com/Thinkstock

(i) Using these measurements calculate how much unwanted energy is

produced.

Unwanted energy = ________J [1]

(ii) Write down the formula used to calculate the efficiency of this petrol

engine.

__________________________ [1]

(iii) Calculate the efficiency of this petrol engine.

You are advised to show clearly how you get your answer.

Efficiency = ________________ [2]


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(b) The reliability of power stations is measured by their ability to maintain a

constant output of electricity.

Discuss, with explanation, the reliability of:

wind farms; nuclear power stations; and coal-fired power stations.In each case give the type of energy which is initially obtained from the energy

resource from which the electricity is finally derived.

In this question you will be assessed on your written communication skills

including the use of specialist science terms.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ [6]


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(c) The most common energy resources used in Europe today are:

oil natural gas coal

nuclear energy hydroelectric wind energy

(i) Choose one non-renewable energy resource from the list above andexplain why it is non-renewable.

Non-renewable energy resource:

Explanation:

[2]

(ii) Choose one renewable energy resource from the list above and explain

why it is renewable.

Renewable energy resource:

Explanation:

[2]

(iii) Global warming in seen by many as a major threat to many countries.

Nuclear power is seen by some as a solution to the energy needs of acountry without causing further global warming.

Explain why this is the case.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [2]

(iv) Name the fuel used in nuclear power stations.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [1]


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2 (a) (i) Mass is measured in kilograms (kg) and weight is measured innewtons (N).

State what is meant by mass and what is meant by weight.

Mass is

Weight is

[2]

(ii) State how the weight of an object is calculated when its mass is known.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [2]

(b) (i) A car is pulled forward and begins to move along a road in the direction

shown below. After a few seconds the car is moving at a constant speed

of 2m/s.

Label clearly the two horizontal forces acting on the car.

[2]

(ii) What can you say about the size of these two forces?

___________________________________________________________ [1]


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(iii) The car then accelerates forward along the horizontal road. It takes 3

seconds to increase its speed from 2m/s to 20m/s.

Calculate the acceleration (rate of change of speed).


Acceleration = ________________m/s2 [3]

(c) The diagram shows an object moving in a circle.

(i) On the diagram draw an arrow to show the direction of the centripetal

force acting on the object. Label this arrow F. [1]

(ii) On the diagram draw an arrow to show the direction the object would

move if this force were removed. Label this arrow v. [1]

(iii) What happens to the size of this centripetal force if the mass of the object

moving in the circle is increased?

___________________________________________________________ [1]


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3 (a) John wants to measure the density of a rock.

He finds the volume of the rock using the apparatus shown below.

(i) What volume does the smallest division on the scale of the graduated

cylinder show?

Volume =______________ [2]

(ii) Using data taken from the diagram calculate the volume of rock.

Volume =__________cm3 [2]

(iii) The mass of the rock was measured and found to be 36g.

Calculate the density of the rock.


Remember to give the correct unit for density.

Density of the rock = _____________ [3]


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(iv) John then measures the mass and the volume of a number of rocks.

He then plots his results on a graph as shown below.

Which three rocks are made of the same material?

Explain how you used the graph to arrive at this conclusion.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [3]


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(b) Using the ideas of the kinetic theory, describe and explain how solids change to

liquids and liquids change to gases.



_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ [6]


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4 (a) Kevin climbs a rope as shown in the diagram below.

(i) He climbs a vertical distance of 3.0 metres and he weighs 400 newtons.

Calculate the work done by Kevin as he climbs the rope.


Work done =________________ J [2]

(ii) He takes 6.0 seconds to climb the 3.0 metres.

Calculate the power generated by Kevin as he climbed the rope.


Power = ________________ W [3]


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(b) A nail gun fires a nail of mass 5g with a speed of 20m/s.

Hemera/Thinkstock

Calculate the kinetic energy of the nail as it leaves the gun.


Kinetic energy =________________J [3]


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5 To study the motion of a ball down a curved runway the apparatus shown below was

set up. The ball is released at various points along the runway. The height above the

table at each point is H. When it reaches the bottom it travels through the air and the

point where it hits the floor is marked.

The distance S from the bottom of the table to this point of impact is measured.

For each value ofH the ball was released three times and the value ofS in each case

recorded. The measurements of the height H and the distance S were taken and are

shown in the table below.

Distance (S) in cmHeight (H)

in cm First value Second value Third value

Average

value of S

in cm

10 60 61 59 60

20 88 90 92 90

30 111 110 109

40 120 122 118

(a) Using the data given in the table calculate the average value ofS for each height

H.

Write your answers in the spaces on the table.

You may use the space below for your calculations.

Two values have been calculated for you.

[2]


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(b) Plot a graph on the grid below to help you find out if the average distance S is

proportional to the height H.

[5]

(c) Is the average distance S proportional to the height H?

Explain your answer.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ [3]


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6 (a) The diagram below represents a helium atom.

(i) Name the particles or the part of the atom indicated by the arrows.

Write your answers in the boxes provided. [1]

(ii) Although the atom contains charged particles it is electrically neutral.

Explain why this is so.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [2]

(iii) Helium has the chemical symbol He.

Complete the symbol for the nucleus of the helium atom above by writing

the appropriate numbers in the smaller boxes.

For each box explain what the number means. Write your answer to this

part in the larger box.

[4]


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(b) A radioactive atom decays by emitting a beta () particle.

(i) What is a beta () particle?

___________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) The radioactive material which emitted this beta () particle has a half-life

of 46 days. Explain what this means.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [2]


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7 To measure the range of alpha () particles in air the apparatus shown below was set up.

The number of alpha particles reaching the detector in a 30 second period was measured at

increasing distances from the source of alpha particles.

The graph below shows the results of this investigation.

(a) When the detector is 6cm from the alpha particle source how many alpha

particles reach the detector every second?


Number of particles per second = ________________ [2]


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(b) State the approximate range of particles indicated by the graph.

Range = ________________cm [2]

(c) Explain why the detector does not give a reading of zero.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ [2]

Total [80]


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___________________________________________

THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

___________________________________________


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Answerall questions

1 (a) Many countries see global warming as a major threat.

(i) Some countries see nuclear power stations as a solution to their energy

needs which doesnt cause further global warming. Explain why.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [2]

(ii) State the main environmental disadvantage of using nuclear power to

generate electricity.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [2]

(iii) Uranium is used as the fuel in most nuclear power stations.

How does the amount of uranium needed compare with the amount of

coal or oil needed to fuel a power station with the same energy output?

___________________________________________________________ [1]

(iv) All power stations, when they come to the end of their useful life have to

be de-commissioned. What does this mean?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [1]

(v) State one problem of decommissioning a nuclear power station compared

with one that used fossil fuel.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [1]


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(vi) Using wind energy in the form of wind turbines (wind farms) for

generating electricity is never likely to be a solution to our energy needs.

Explain why.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

[1]

(vii) Many view wind farms as an eyesore on the landscape.

State one other environmental disadvantage they have.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

[1]

(b) The reliability of power stations is measured by their ability to maintain a

constant output of electricity.

Discuss, with explanation, the reliability of:

wind farms; nuclear power stations; and coal-fired power stations.In each case give the type of energy which is initially obtained from the energy

resource from which the electricity is finally derived.

In this question you will be assessed on your written communication skillsincluding the use of specialist science terms.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ [6]


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2 (a) A car sits at rest at the top of a roller coaster ride as shown in the diagram below.

The brake is released and the car travels down the slope.

(i) On the diagram mark and label two forces acting on the car when it

is moving. [2]

(ii) At the bottom of the slope the car reaches a speed of 27m/s and continuesalong a horizontal track in which a braking system is operated.

The deceleration of the car is 6m/s2.

Calculate the time taken to come to rest.


Time taken = ________________seconds [3]

(iii) The mass of the car is 1000kg.

The force applied to the car by the braking system is 5000N.

Calculate the additional frictional force provided by air resistance which

brings the car to rest.


Additional Frictional Force = ________________N [3]


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(b) A sky diver jumps from an aircraft and for a time falls through the air without

her parachute open. After a time she opens the parachute.

The graph below shows how the velocity of a skydiver changes as she falls

through the air. Her parachute opens at the time marked.

Describe and explain how her acceleration changes as she descends.

You should concentrate on the periods OA, BC and DE.



_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ [6]


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3 (a) John was asked to measure the density of a number of rocks.

He measured the mass and volume of a number of each and plotted his results

on a graph as shown below.

(i) Which three rocks are made of the same material?

Explain how you used the graph to arrive at this conclusion.

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [3]

(ii) One of the rocks was found to have a density of 3.5g/cm3.

What would be the mass of this rock if its volume was 4cm3?

Mass = ________________g [1]


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(b) Using the ideas of kinetic theory, describe and explain how solids change to

liquids and liquids change to gases.



_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ [6]


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4 (a) Kevin climbs a rope as shown in the diagram below.

(i) He climbs a vertical distance of 3.0 metres and he weighs 400 newtons.

Calculate the work done by Kevin as he climbs the rope.


Work done = ________________J [2]

(ii) Kevin can develop a power of 200 W as he climbs the rope.

Calculate how long it takes him to climb 3.0 metres up the rope.


Time = ________________s [3]


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(b) A nail gun fires a nail of mass 5g.

The nail leaves the gun with a kinetic energy of 1J.

Hemera/Thinkstock

(i) Calculate the velocity of the nail as it leaves the gun.


Velocity =________________m/s [3]

(ii) The nail gun is used to fix two pieces of wood together as shown in the

photograph above. The nail penetrates a distance of 0.005m into

the wood.

Calculate the average force opposing the nail as it penetrates into

the wood.


Opposing force = ________________N [4]


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(c) An electric motor is used to raise a load.

Describe, in detail, how the apparatus shown below could be used to measure the

output power of the motor.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ [4]


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5 To study the motion of a ball down a runway, the apparatus shown below was set up.

The ball is released at various points along the runway. The height above the table at

each point is H. When it reaches the bottom it travels through the air and the point

where it hits the floor is marked. The distance S from the bottom of the table to this

point of impact is measured.

For each value ofH the ball was released several times and an average value ofS was

calculated. The measurements of the height H and the average value of the distance S

are shown in the table below.

Height (H)

in cm

Average value

of S in cm

10 60

20 90

30 110

40 120

(a) Give two reasons why repeating the measurements is good

experimental practice.

1 _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2 _______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ [2]


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(b) Plot a graph on the grid below to help you find out if the distance S is

proportional to height H.

[5]

(c) Is the distance S proportional to the height H? Explain your answer.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ [3]


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6 (a) A large steel beam weighs 20,000N.

A crane is used to raise this large steel beam into a vertical position, pivoting it

about one end. The crane exerts a force F to just lift the end A of the beam off

the ground. The length of the beam is 5m. This arrangement is shown in the

diagram below.

(i) The beam can be treated as a lever.

Mark clearly with the letterP the pivot. [1]

(ii) On the diagram above, draw an arrow to show where and in whatdirection the weight of the beam acts.

Assume the beam is of uniform width. [2]

(iii) By applying the principle of moments, calculate the size of the upward

force F that the crane must exert to just raise end A of the beam off

the ground.

Remember the beam weighs 20,000N.


Upward force F = ________________ N [4]


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(b) A car travelling at 20m/s collides with another car. The passenger, who is not

wearing a seatbelt, continues to move forward hitting the dashboard in a

collision that lasts 0.1 seconds.

(i) Calculate the value of the force that the windscreen exerts on the

passengers head. Assume the mass of the passenger is 50kg.


Force = ________N [4]

(ii) Explain how a seat belt would have protected the passenger from serious

injury.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ [2]


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(iii) To test springs that might be used in the crumple zone of a car, the

following tests were carried out. A 1kg mass was dropped from different

heights H onto a platform attached to a spring as shown in the diagram

below. The compression of the spring C was measured.

The measurements obtained are shown in the table below.

Height

(H) in m

Compression

(C) in cm

0 0

1 0.452 0.63

3 0.77

4 0.89

It is believed that the variables H and C are related by the equation

C2 = kH.

k is a constant that depends on the strength of the spring.

1. Without drawing a graph use the values in the table to show that this

equation is correct.

2. Find the value for k.

Show all calculations in the space below and give values to two

decimal places.

k = ________ [4]


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7 (a) Radioactive substances emit alpha, beta and gamma radiations.

In the table below describe the nature of each of these radiations.

Radiation Nature

Alpha ()

Beta ()Gamma () [3]

(b) A radioactive atom of uranium decays by emitting a beta () particle.

(i) Complete the decay equation for this process by writing the appropriate

numbers in the boxes.

[4]

(ii) The beta () decay process for this radioactive material has a half-life of

46 days.

How many days pass before the activity falls by 75% of its initial value?

Days passed = ________ [1]


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(c) To measure the range of alpha () particles in air the apparatus shown below

was set up. The number of alpha particles reaching the detector in a 30 second

period was measured at increasing distances from the source of alpha particles.

The graph below shows the results of this investigation.

State the approximate range of particles indicated by the graph.

Range = ________cm [2]


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(d) In the oil industry several companies may share the same oil pipeline to

transport their oil.

They need to know when one companys oil stops and another

companys begins.

Each company adds a radioactive substance (radioisotope) to the first part of thebatch of oil. A detector (Geiger counter) and counter will then show when the

oil containing this radioisotope passes.

What type of radiation must be emitted by the radioisotope in the oil for this method

to work? Give a reason for your answer.

Type of radiation ________________

Reason _______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________ [2]


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(e) In 1910 an historic experiment was carried out. The experiment was designed to

find out more about the structure of the atom. In the experiment alpha ()

particles were directed at a very thin metal foil.

Describe and explain theobservations that were made and how each one provides

information on the charge, the size and the mass of the nucleus of the atom.



_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________ [6]

Total [100]


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___________________________________________

THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER___________________________________________


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General Certificate of Secondary Education2013

TIME

1 hour 30 minutes



at the top of this page.


Answerall questions.



Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the

marks awarded to each question or part question.

Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 1(c)(ii)and 8(a).

For Examiners

use only

Question

NumberMarks

12

3

4

5

6

7

8

TotalMarks

Science: Physics

Unit P2

Foundation Tier

[CODE]

SPECIMEN PAPER

71

Centre Number

Candidate Number


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42

Answerall questions

1 (a) Two mirrors, M1 and M2, are placed at right angles to one another.

The diagram below shows a ray of light incident on mirror M1 and at an angle of

27 to its surface.

(i) On the diagram, accurately draw the path of the ray reflected from mirror

M1

and M2. [2]

(ii) Calculate the angle of reflection at mirror M2.


Angle of reflection at mirror M2 = ________________ [2]


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(b) The diagram below shows a fish in a pond. A person looking into the pond sees

the fish not at its true position but at the position shown in the diagram.

Complete the diagram to show how the man sees the fish. Draw an arrow on the

given ray to show its direction. [2]

(c) The diagram shows a ray of white light being dispersed by a triangular glass

prism.

(i) On the diagram label the two colours at the top and bottom of the

spectrum. [1]


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(ii) Explain, in detail, how this spectrum is produced by the prism.

In this question you will be assessed on your written communication

skills including the use of specialist science terms.

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [6]


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2 (a) (i) All waves have a wavelength and a frequency. Electromagnetic waves

have changing electric and magnetic fields.

Name one other property common to all electromagnetic waves.

__________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) In the boxes below write the names of the various groups of

electromagnetic waves in order of increasing wavelength (as shown by

the arrow).

Some have been done for you.

[2]

(iii) Which electromagnetic wave is used for the following:

making toast ____________________________

sterilising plastic syringes _________________? [2]


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(ii) To measure the distance to the ocean floor the submarine emits a pulse

of ultrasound downwards. The echo of this pulse is detected 0.4s after it

was emitted.

The speed of ultrasound in water is 1500m/s.

Use the equation distance = speed time to help you calculate thedistance from the submarine to the floor of the ocean.


Distance to the ocean floor = ________________m [3]


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(iii) The end of the rope makes 24 vibrations in 8 seconds.

Calculate the frequency of the wave.

Make sure you also give the unit for the frequency in your answer.


Frequency = ________________ [2]

(iv) Calculate the speed of the wave travelling along the rope.


Speed = ________________m/s [3]


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4 John is carrying out an investigation on the properties of shadows. He places a

wooden object between the source of light and a screen as shown in the diagram

below.

He moves the screen further from the object. The distance between the screen and the

object D, is measured. For each distance D, the height of the shadow on the screen is

measured.

Johns results are shown in the table below.

Distance D in cm 20 30 40 50 60

Height of the shadow H in cm 8 10 12 14 11

(a) John has incorrectly recorded one of the values for the height H.

Circle this incorrect value in the table. Write in the space below the correct

value forH.

Correct value for H = ________cm [2]


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(b) (i) Plot a graph showing Johns measurements on the grid below.

Make sure to use the corrected value of H .

[5]

(ii) State if the height (H) of the shadow is proportional to distance (D)

between the object and the screen. Give a reason for your answer.

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [2]

(iii) Use your graph to find the height of the wooden object.

Height of wooden object = ________cm [1]


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5 Two resistors are connected to a 12V battery as shown in the circuit below.

(a) Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.

Total resistance = ________ [1]

(b) Use the equation I = V/R to calculate the current in the circuit.


Current = ________A [2]

(c) Calculate the voltage across the 2 resistor.


Voltage = ________V [2]

(d) The current is allowed to flow through the circuit for 30 seconds.

Use the equation tIQ to calculate the electric charge that has moved

around the circuit in this time. Remember to give the unit for charge.


Charge = ________ [3]


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6 The diagram below shows the planets in our Solar System.

(a) (i) State the names of the planets labelled A, B and C.

A ________________

B ________________

C ________________ [3]

(ii) What force provides the centripetal force that keeps the planets moving

around the Sun?

__________________________________________________________ [1]


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(b) When the planet Mars is observed over a period of many months its path across

the background of stars is at first in one direction. Then its motion reverses

direction for a number of days before resuming its original path.

This movement is shown in the diagram below.

(i) What is this motion called? ___________________________________ [1]

(ii) Which model of the solar system was able to explain this motion?

State the main feature of this model.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ [2]


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(c) Observations of light from the stars in distant galaxies tells us that the galaxies

are moving away, in other words space is expanding. The table below gives

some information on the distance to some of our closest galaxies, and the speed

with which they are moving away. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, is included

in the table.

Galaxy Distance from the Milk Wayin millions of light years

Speed in km/s

Milky Way (our galaxy) 0 0

Virgo 80 1200

Persues 350 5400

Hercules 650 10000

Ursa Major 1000 15000

The astronomer Erwin Hubble, in a law named after him, proposed that the

speed of the galaxy v and the distance d to the galaxy are related by theequation:

v = Hd

where H is a constant known as Hubbles constant.

(i) To test the validity of Hubbles Law a graph can be drawn.

What quantity would you plot on:

the x axis ________________

the y axis ________________? [2]


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(ii) Using the measurements in the table and the grid below draw a graph to

test the validity of Hubbles Law.

[4]

(iii) Does the graph validate Hubbles Law? Explain your answer.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ [3]


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7 (a) A bicycle generator uses a magnet rotating near a coil to produce an alternating

current (a.c.).

(i) Sketch on the axes below how this alternating current varies with time.

[1]

(ii) Explain how an alternating current differs from a direct current (d.c.).

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ [2]


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Power stations use much larger generators to produce electricity. This electricity is

connected to the grid which supplies electricity to homes and businesses.

Transformers play an important role in this distribution of electrical energy. The

diagram below shows how electricity from the power station is distributed to homes.

(b)

(i) Write the names of the types of transformer in the appropriate boxes. [1]

(ii) In the appropriate boxes, label the part of the distribution system where

the voltage is high and another part where it is much lower. [1]

(iii) Why are high voltages used in the distribution of electricity?

_________________________________________________________ [1]

(c) An iron core is a major part of the construction of a transformer.

(i) Complete the diagram to show the other main components.

Label each component.

Mark clearly on your diagram the part that the input voltage is applied to

and the part that provides the output voltage. [3]

(ii) Is the output voltage a.c. or d.c?

________________ [1]


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8 (a) Explain fully how the various wires and other components within a three pin

plug protect the user from electric shock should a fault occur.



__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ [6]


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(b) To test the wiring of a three-pin plug connected to a metal kettle the equipment

shown below was set up. C1 and C2 are metal clips. C1 is connected to the

metal body of the kettle.

When clip C2 is connected to the earth pin of the three-pin plug what should be

observed if the wiring of the plug is correct? Explain your answer.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ [3]

(c) An electric fire with a rating of 2kW is left on for 3 hours.

Calculate the cost of this if electricity costs 14 pence per kilowatt-hour.


Cost = ________ pence [2]

Total [90]


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___________________________________________



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BLANK PAGE


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2013

TIME

1 hour 45 minutes



at the top of the page.


Answer all questions.



Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate themarks awarded to each question or part question.

Quality of written communication will be assessed in questions 2(b) and

6(b)(ii).

For Examiners

use only

Question

NumberMarks

1

23

4

5

6

7

8

9

TotalMarks

Science: Physics

Unit P2

Higher Tier[CODE]

SPECIMEN PAPER

71

Centre Number

Candidate Number


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Answer all questions

1 (a) The diagram below shows water waves approaching the boundary between deep

water and shallow water. Jack records his observations of the refracted waves.

(i) What two errors have been made by Jack?

1 __________________________________________________________

2 __________________________________________________________ [2]

(ii) On the diagram below show how the refracted waves would travel in the

shallow water.

[3]


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(b) Jane stands in front of a plane mirror as shown below.

By drawing appropriate rays on the diagram determine the shortest length of

mirror needed to allow Jane is to see all of her face, i.e. from the top of her head

to the bottom of her chin.

Shortest length of mirror = ________________ cm [3]


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(c) A ray of light is shone into a rectangular glass block as shown below.

(i) The critical angle for the glass is 41. Explain what this means.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ [2]

(ii) The path of the ray through the glass allows it to strike the shorter side.

The ray meets the shorter side at an angle to the normal of 50.

Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray through and out of theglass block.

[3]

(iii) Explain why the light follows the path you have drawn at the side BC.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________ [2]


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2 (a) An object O is placed in front of a convex lens as shown below.

(i) On the diagram, using a ruler, draw rays that can be used to locate theposition of the image. The image should be clearly marked. [4]

(ii) The diagram is full scale. How far from the centre of the lens L is the

image formed?

Distance of image from L = ________________cm [2]

Which of the properties listed below describe the image formed?

Ring the three that are correct.

Real Virtual

Magnified Diminished

(iii)

Upright Inverted [3]


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(b) Describe and explain how you would measure the focal length of a convex lens.

State the measurements you would take and how you would improve the

accuracy of your measurement. You may use the space below to illustrate your

answer with a diagram.

In this question you will be assessed on your written communication skillsincluding the use of specialist science terms.

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

You may draw a diagram here.

[6]


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3 (a) (i) In the boxes below write the names of the various groups of

electromagnetic waves in order of increasing wavelength (as shown by

the arrow). Some have been done for you.

[3]

(ii) The microwaves used in a microwave oven have a frequency of

2.45 109Hz. The speed of light is 3 10

8m/s.

Calculate the wavelength of these microwaves.


Wavelength = ________________ m [3]


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(b) Sonar uses ultrasound to detect objects under water.

To measure the distance to the ocean floor, the submarine emits a pulse of

ultrasound downwards.

(i) The echo of this pulse is detected 0.4s after it was emitted. The speed of

ultrasound in water is 1500m/s.

Calculate the distance from the submarine to the floor of the ocean.


Distance to the ocean floor = ________________ [4]

(ii) Radar uses electromagnetic waves to detect the flying aircraft.

Explain why Sonar would not be an appropriate method for this.

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [2]


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4 John is carrying out an investigation on the properties of shadows.

He places a wooden object between the source of light and a screen as shown in the

diagram below.

He moves the screen further from the object. The distance between the screen and the

object D, is measured. For each distance D, the height of the shadow on the screen is

measured.

Johns results are shown in the table below.

Distance D in cm 20 30 40 50 60

Height of the shadow H in cm 8 10 12 14 11

(a) John has incorrectly recorded one of the values for the height H. Circle this

incorrect value in the table. Write in the space below the correct value for H.

Correct value for H = ________________ cm [2]


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(b) (i) Plot a graph showing Johns measurements on the grid below.

Make sure to use the corrected value of H.

[5]

(ii) State if the height (H) of the shadow is proportional to distance (D)

between the object and the screen. Give a reason for your answer.

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [2]

(iii) Use your graph to find the height of the wooden object.

Height of wooden object = ________________cm [1]


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5 (a) Three resistors are connected to a battery as shown in the circuit below.

(i) Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.


Resistance = ________________ [4]

(ii) Calculate the current through the 24resistor.


Current = ________________ A [2]

(iii) A piece of wire of negligible resistance is connected between the points X

and Y. Calculate the current that flows through the 24resistor.


Current = ________________ [2]


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(b) Complete the circuit diagram below by adding an ammeter, a voltmeter and a

device which will allow a pupil to investigate how the current passing through a

particular component changes as the voltage across it is varied.

[3]


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(c) For each of the graphs shown below, state the component that would produce

the graph. Write the name of the component in the space provided.

(i)

________________ [1]

(ii)

________________ [1]

(iii)

________________ [1]


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(d) The resistance of a piece of wire depends on its length and its cross-sectional

area.

(i) On the axes below draw the shape of the graph that would be obtained if

the resistance ofdifferent lengths of copper wire was measured, the

cross-sectional area of each wire being the same.

[1]

(ii) On the axes below draw the shape of the graph that would be obtained if

the resistance of copper wire ofdifferent cross-sectional areas was

measured, the length of each being the same.

[1]


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6 (a) An electric fire with a rating of 2kW is left on for 3 hours.

Calculate the cost of this if electricity costs 14 pence per kilowatt-hour.


Cost = ________________ pence [2]

(b) (i) A label on an electric motor gives the following information:

Use the information on the label to calculate the fuse which should beused in the plug connected to the motor.

The available fuses are: 1A, 3A, 5A and 13A.


Fuse = ________________ A [4]


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(ii) Explain carefully how the various wires and other components within the

three pin plug protect the user from electric shock should a fault occur

within the motor.

In this question you will be assessed on your written communication

skills including the use of specialist science terms.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [6]


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(c) To test the wiring of a three-pin plug connected to a metal kettle the equipment

shown below was set up. C1 and C2 are metal clips, C1 is connected to the metal

body of the kettle.

When clip C2 is connected to the earth pin of the three-pin plug, what should be

observed if the wiring of the plug is correct? Explain your answer.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________ [3]


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7 (a) The diagram below shows the Sun.

On the diagram, draw carefully and label the path:

(i) a planet would take. [1]

(ii) a moon would take. [1]

(iii) State one property of the motion of the planets that suggests our solar

system was formed from a gas cloud (nebula).

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [1]


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(ii) Using the measurements in the table and grid below, draw a graph to test

the validity of Hubbles Law.

[4]

(iii) Does the graph validate Hubbles Law? Explain your answer.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________ [3]


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8 (a) The diagram below shows a wire coil and a strong magnet. The coil is

connected to a sensitive ammeter which has a zero at the centre of its scale.

Describe carefully what you would observe with this apparatus when the

following actions take place.

(i) The magnet is moved towards the coil.

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [1]

(ii) The magnet is placed at rest inside the coil.

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [1]

(iii) The magnet is then pulled back out of the coil.

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________ [2]


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(b) The diagram below shows the layout of a power pack that is found in most

schools. The power pack contains a transformer. There is a moveable switch

which can be turned so it touches the contacts A to K, this allows the output

voltage (secondary voltage) to be varied.

(i) The input primary voltage is 240V.

The maximum value of the output voltage is 20V.

The primary coil has 6,000 turns of wire.

Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.


Number of turns on secondary = ________________ [3]

(ii) There are 50 turns of wire between consecutive pairs of terminals A to K, i.e.

between A and B there are 50 turns and B and C there are 50 turns and so on.

In what voltage steps can the secondary voltage output be varied?


Voltage step = ________________ V [3]


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9 Michael carries out an investigation into the expansion of a metal as it is heated.

He measures the length of a metal bar at various temperatures.

His results are shown in the table below.

Table 1

Temperature in C 0 20 40 60 80

Length of the bar in mm 2017.96 2018.42 2018.88 2019.32 2019.77

The expansion of the bar at a particular temperature is defined as:

Expansion of the bar = length at that particular temperature length at 0C

Michael predicts that the expansion of the metal bar is proportional to the rise in

temperature of the bar.

(a) Complete Table 2 below using values for temperature rise against expansionof the metal bar.

Table 2

Temperature rise

in C

Expansion of the bar

in mm

[2]

(b) Michaels prediction is correct. Show how the values given in table 2 support

this.

Do not draw a graph. Show all calculations in the space below.

[3]

Total [115]


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___________________________________________



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MARK SCHEMES


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Science: Physics

GENERAL

MARKING

INSTRUCTIONS


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General Marking Instructions and Mark Grids

IntroductionMark schemes are intended to ensure that the GCSE examination is marked consistently and fairly.

The mark schemes provide markers with an indication of the nature and range of candidates

responses likely to be worthy of credit. They also set out the criteria that they should apply in

allocating marks to candidates responses. The mark schemes should be read in conjunction withthese marking instructions.

Quality of candidates responsesIn marking the examination papers, examiners should be looking for a quality response reflecting

the level of maturity which may reasonably be expected of a 16-year-old which is the age at which

the majority of candidates sit their GCSE examinations.

Flexibility in markingMark schemes are not intended to be totally prescriptive. No mark scheme can cover all the

responses which candidates may produce. In the event of unanticipated answers, examiners are

expected to use their professional judgement to assess the validity of answers. If an answer isparticularly problematic, then examiners should seek the guidance of the Supervising Examiner.

Positive markingExaminers must be positive in their marking, giving appropriate credit for description, explanation

and analysis, using knowledge and understanding and for the appropriate use of evidence and

reasoned argument to express and evaluate personal responses, informed insights and differing

viewpoints. Examiners should make use of the whole of the available mark range of any particular

question and be prepared to award full marks for a response which is as good as might reasonably

be expected of a 16-year-old GCSE candidate.

Awarding zero marksMarks should only be awarded for valid responses and no marks should be awarded for an answer

which is completely incorrect or inappropriate.

Types of mark schemeMark Schemes for questions which require candidates to respond in extended written form are

marked on the basis of levels of response which take account of the quality of written

communication.

Other questions which require only short answers are marked on a point for point basis with marks

awarded for each valid piece of information provided.


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2012

Science: Physics

Unit P1

Foundation Tier[CODE]

SPECIMEN

MARK

SCHEME


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1 (a) (i) 650J [1]

(ii) Efficiency = useful output energy/input energy

Work and power are alternatives to energy.

Input and output alone are not acceptable. [1]

(iii) 350/1000 [1] = 0.35 or 35% [1]

The method is not required for full marks.

1 mark may be awarded for correct substitution of values if the final

value is incorrect. [2]


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(b) Indicative content

Wind farms not reliable constant supply of input energy is not constant since

the wind is not constant

Nuclear power station reliable constant supply of input energy in the form of

heat from nuclear fission

Coal fired power station reliable constant supply of input energy in the form

of chemical energy from coal

Response Mark

Candidates must use appropriate specialist terms throughout to discuss fully with

reasons the reliability and primary source of energy for all three types of

electricity generation. They use good spelling, grammar and punctuation and the

form and style are of a high standard.

[56]

Candidates must use some appropriate specialist terms to discuss the reliability of

two types of electricity generation with reasons and they identify clearly the primary

source of energy in only two of the cases. They use satisfactory spelling, grammar

and punctuation and the form and style are of a satisfactory standard.

[34]

Candidates discuss the reliability correctly but fail to clearly identify the reasons,

they identify the primary source of energy in only two of the cases. Their spelling,

grammar, punctuation, form and style are of a limited standard and little use is made

of appropriate specialist terms.

[12]

Response not worthy of credit [0]

[6]


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(c) (i) Oil/gas/coal/nuclear [1]

Explanation have a limited supply [1] [2]

(ii) Hydroelectric/wind [1]

Explanation have an infinite supply/will not run out [1] [2]

(iii) Does not release greenhouse gases [1]Carbon dioxide named in the answer [1] [2]

(iv) Uranium [1] [1]

[17]


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2 (a) (i) Mass is the amount of matter in an object or a measure of the number of

atoms/molecules in an object or is an unchanging property of

an object. [1]

Weight is the pull or the force of gravity on an object. [1]

(ii) Multiply the mass in kg [1]by 10 [1] [2]

(b) (i) Arrow to the right labelled forward/pulling/engine force [1]

Arrow to the left labelled friction [1] [2]

(ii) They are equal [1]

(iii) Acceleration = change of speed/time taken [1]

= (20 2)/3 or 18/3 [1]

= 6(m/s2

) [1]


1 mark may be awarded for the recall of the equation.

The second line is worth 2 marks as it is a substituted equation. [3]

(c) (i) Arrow towards the centre labelled F

No label give [0] [1]

(ii) Arrow up or down the page labelled v

No label give [0] [1]

(iii) Increases [1]

[13]


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3 (a) (i) Smallest division = 2cm3


For identifying that 5 divisions = 10cm3 give 1 mark [2]

(ii) 36 18 [1]

= 18cm3 [1]

The method is not required for full marks. [2]

(iii)Density = ]1[

V

MDor

volume

mass

]1[18

36

Density = 2g/cm3 [1]


(iv) A C D [1]

They are on a straight line [1]

That passes through the origin (0,0) [1]

Mark each line independently [3]


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Solids, liquids and gases are made up of atoms/molecules In solids the atoms/molecules are vibrating Heat gives them more kinetic energy This causes more vigorous vibrating When some of them overcome the bonds the solid turns to liquid As more energy is given to the liquid the remaining atoms/molecules

overcome the bonds and a gas is formed

Response Mark

Candidates must use appropriate specialist terms throughout to describe and explain

fully all the changes of state and clearly link the energy supplied with increased

vibration and the spacing between atoms/molecules. They use good spelling,

grammar and punctuation and the form and style are of a high standard.

[56]

Candidates must use some appropriate specialist terms to describe and explain the

changes of state, however, the linking between energy supplied, increased vibration

and spacing of atoms/molecules is not always present. They use satisfactory spelling,

grammar, punctuation and the form and style are of a satisfactory standard.

[34]

Candidates make limited use of specialist terms to describe the changes of state,

however, linking between energy supplied, increased vibration and spacing of

atoms/molecules is not given. Their spelling, punctuation, grammar, form and style

are of a limited standard.

[12]

Response not worthy of credit. [0]

[6]

[16]


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4 (a) (i) Work = Force Distance or W = F D or 400 3 [1]

Work done = 1200(J) [1]


(ii)

tW

PorTakenTime

doneWork

Power

[1]

=1200/6 [1]

=200(W) [1]

Allow ecf from (i)

Method not required for full marks [3]

(b) KE = mv2 [1]

0.005 202 [1]

Kinetic energy = 1(J) [1]

The method is not required for full marks

Failure to convert g to kg will give an answer of 1000(J), gives amaximum of 2 marks [3]

[8]

5 (a) [2]

(b)

Average values of S: 110 [1] and 120 [1] cm

Both axes labelled [2]

4 points correctly plotted [2]

each round downSmooth curve through the point [1]

[5]


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(c) S is not proportional to H [1]

Explanation a straight line passing through origin cannot be drawn through

the points [2]

or S does not double when H doubles [1] [3]

[10]

6 (a) (i) From the left clockwise: electron, neutron, proton

all needed for 1 mark [1]

(ii) It (the atom) contains the same number of electrons as protons

Allow 1 mark for: Accept equal amounts/numbers of positive and

negative charges [2]

(iii) 3 [1] is the number of neutrons and protons/mass number [1]

2 [1] is the number of protons/atomic number [1] [4]

(b) (i) Fast moving electron [1]

(ii) After 46 days [1]

its activity or number of unstable atoms or nuclei will decrease to half

the initial value [1] [2]

[10]

7 (a) 600 [1] 30 =

20 [1] particles per second [2]

(b) 13cm

12 or 14 give 1 mark [2]

(c) Background activity [1] will be detected [1] [2]

[6]

Total [80]


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BLANK PAGE


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2012

Science: Physics

Unit P1

Higher Tier

[CODE]

SPECIMEN

MARK

SCHEME


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1 (a) (i) It does not release greenhouse gases [1]

Carbon dioxide named in the answer [1] [2]

(ii) Radioactive waste [1]

Requiring storage for thousands of years [1] [2]

(iii) Less [1]

(iv) Shutting down [1]

(v) Special precautions dealing with radioactive materials [1]

(vi) Not reliable or wind not always present [1]

(vii) Destroys the habitats of animals or noisy [1]


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Wind farms not reliable constant supply of input energy is not constant since

the wind is not constant

Nuclear power station - reliable constant supply of input energy in the form of

heat from nuclear fission

Coal fired power station reliable constant supply of input energy in the form

of chemical energy from coal

Response Mark

Candidates must use appropriate specialist terms throughout to discuss fully with

reasons the reliability and primary source of energy for all three types of electricity

generation. They use good spelling, grammar and punctuation and the form and

style are of a high standard.

[56]

Candidates must use some appropriate specialist terms to discuss the reliability of

two types of electricity generation with reasons and they identify clearly the

primary source of energy in only two of the cases. They use satisfactory spelling,

grammar and punctuation and the form and style are of a satisfactory standard.

[34]

Candidates discuss the reliability correctly but fail to clearly identify the reasons,

they identify the primary source of energy in only two of the cases. Their spelling,

grammar, punctuation, form and style are of a limited standard and little use is made

of appropriate specialist terms.

[12]

Response not worthy of credit [0]

[6]

[15]


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2 (a) (i) Any two from:

Weight acting vertically down Friction upwards along the slope Reaction force acting up at right angles to slope [2]

(ii) v = u + at or 0 = 27 at [1]

t = 27/6 [1]Time taken = 4.5s [1]

The method is not required for full marks [3]

(iii) F = ma or F = 1000 6 = 6000N [1]

Additional Force = 6000 5000 [1]

= 1000N [1]

The method is not required for full marks

Each step can be awarded 1 mark as shown if full credit cannot be given [3]


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Relating to OA

constant acceleration resultant force is the weight minus air resistanceRelating to BC acceleration is zero weight and the air resistance cancel so resultant force is zeroRelating to DE

constant deceleration upward resultant force due to the air resistance provided by parachute being

greater than the weight

Response Mark

Candidates must use appropriate specialist terms throughout to describe accurately

the accelerations, linking each explicitly with their explanation of resultant force.

They use good spelling, grammar and punctuation and the form and style are of a

high standard.

[56]

Candidates must use some appropriate specialist terms to describe partially at least 2

of the observations, linking each with their explanation of resultant force. They use

satisfactory spelling, grammar and punctuation and the form and style are of a

satisfactory standard.

[34]

Candidates describe some of the observations but the linking with resultant force is

unclear. Their spelling, punctuation, grammar, form and style are of a limited

standard and little use is made of appropriate specialist terms.

[12]


[6]

[14]


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3 (a) (i) A C D [1]

They are on a straight line [1]

That passes through the origin (0,0) [1]

Mark each line independently [3]

(ii) 4 3.5 = 14g [1]


Solids, liquids and gases are made up of atoms/molecules In solids the atoms/molecules are vibrating Heat gives them more kinetic energy This causes more vigorous vibrating When some of them overcome the bonds the solid turns to liquid As more energy is given to the liquid the remaining atoms/molecules

overcome the bonds and a gas is formed

Response Mark

Candidates must use appropriate specialist terms throughout to describe and explain

fully all the changes of state and clearly link the energy supplied with increased

vibration and the spacing between atoms/molecules. They use good spelling,

grammar and punctuation and the form and style are of a high standard.

[56]

Candidates must use some appropriate specialist terms to describe and explain the

changes of state, however the linking between energy supplied, increased vibration

and spacing of atoms/molecules is not always present. They use satisfactory

spelling, grammar and punctuation and the form and style are of a

satisfactory standard.

[34]

Candidates make limited use of specialist terms to describe the changes of state,

however linking between energy supplied, increased vibration and spacing of

atoms/molecules is not given. Their spelling, punctuation, grammar, form and style

are of a limited standard.

[12]


[6]

[10]


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4 (a) (i) Work = Force Distance or W = F D or 400 3 [1]

Work done = 1200(J) [1]


(ii) Time taken = work/power or t = W/P [1]

= 1200/200 [1]= 6 s [1]

Method not required for full marks

The first mark is for a re-arranged equation only [3]

(b) (i) v2 = 2Ek/m [1]

= 2 1/0.005 = 400 [1]

v = 20m/s [1]

Method not required for full marks

The first mark is for a re-arranged equation only

Failure to convert g to kg award max of 2 marks [3]

(ii) Work done = kinetic energy [1]

Work done = Force Distance or 1 = 0.005 F [1]

F =005.0

1[1]

Force = 200(N) [1]


(c) Any four from:

Known or measured weight Measured distance e.g. between two markers or length of string Switch on motor Time to move measured distance Use of the appropriate formula to calculate power Repeat and find an average [4]

[16]


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5 (a) To get a more accurate value [1]

To reduce errors/mistakes [1] [2]

(b) Both axes labelled [2]

4 points correctly plotted [2]

each round down

Smooth curve through the point [1]

[5]

(c) S is not proportional to H [1]

Explanation a straight line passing through origin cannot be drawn through the

points [2]

or S does not double when H doubles, give [1] [3]

[10]


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6 (a) (i) P marked in the lower right corner of beam. [1]

(ii) Arrow from the centre of the beam (judge by eye) [1]

Acting downwards [1] [2]

(iii) Principle of moment given as ACM = CM or implied [1]20 000 x 2.5 [1] = F x 4 [1]

F =4

50000= 12500(N) [1]


(b) (i) Momentum (change) = force x time [1]

50 20 [1] = F 0.1 [1]

10000

1.0

1000F (N) [1]

or

Force = mass acceleration/F=ma [1]

=50 (20/0.1) [1]

=50 200 [1]

=10000(N) [1]


(ii) Seat belts increase the time to come to a stop [1]

This reduces the force [1] [2]

(iii) Calculations to show this: (0.45)2 /1 = 0.20

(0.63)2 /2 = 0.20

(0.77)2 /3 = 0.20

(0.89)2 /4 = 0.20

Each calculation is worth mark round down [2]

C2/H is a constant so the equation is correct [1]

Value of k = 0.20 [1]

Do not penalise values quoted to more than two decimal places. [4]

[17]


118/167

112

7 (a) Alpha He nucleus/2 protons combined with 2 neutrons [1]

Beta electrons [1]

Gamma electromagnetic radiation [1] [3]

(b) (i) 01238

93

238

92 NpU Give 1 mark to each correct number on the RHS of the equation [4]

(ii) 92 days[1]

(c) 13cm [2]

If answer is 12 or 14, give [1] mark only [2]

(d) Gamma [1]

The only radiation that can penetrate the metal of the pipeline [1]

The radiation must be correctly identified before the mark for the

explanation can be given [2]

(e) Indicative content

Repulsion between nucleus and the alpha particles so the nucleus ispositively charged

Most of the alpha particles passed through without

gcse phys revised support 7902

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