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Gd`ª`é`q `á Gd`©``ª`«`á d∏`ª`é``ù¢ G’ChQhH`» d`ÓEa`à`ÉA hGd`Ñ`ë`ƒç Gd©óO GdôGH™ hGdîÉeù¢ Nº 4-5 Jü°óQ cπ S°àá GCT°¡ô Revue semestrielle MõjôG¿ / LƒG¿ 4002 Ω - QH«™ GdãÉf» 5241 g` JôS°π Lª«™ Gdû°«µÉä HÉS°º S°Éeô bôj£º H«ôhä ` U¢.Ü. 2976 - 31 T°ƒQG¿ gÉJ∞ : 109147-1-169 / 209147-1-169 aÉcù¢ : 225453-1-169 HEAD OFFICE : 19 ROEBUCK RD. - CLONSKEAGH. D14 - DUBLIN - IRELAND Tel : 353-1-2080004 / 353-1-2069602 - Fax : 353-1-2080001 / 353-1-2069603 E-mail : [email protected] Gd`ª`é``á Gd`©``ª`«`á d∏ªé∏ù¢ G’ChQhH» dÓEaàÉA hGdÑëƒç Gd©óO GdôGH™ hGdîÉeù¢ ******* ******* SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN COUNCIL FOR FATWA AND RESEARCH REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE DU CONSEIL EUROPEEN DES FATWAS ET DES RECHERCHES 4-5

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  • Gd```q` Gd`````

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    GdO GdGH hGde N 4-5

    JQ c S GCT Revue semestrielle

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    gJ : 109147-1-169/ 209147-1-169ac : 225453-1-169

    HEAD OFFICE : 19 ROEBUCK RD. - CLONSKEAGH. D14 - DUBLIN - IRELANDTel : 353-1-2080004 / 353-1-2069602 - Fax : 353-1-2080001 / 353-1-2069603

    E-mail : [email protected] Gd d GChQhH dEaA hGd

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    ******* *******

    SCIENTIFIC REVIEWOF THE EUROPEAN

    COUNCIL FOR FATWA AND RESEARCH

    REVUE SCIENTIFIQUEDU CONSEIL EUROPEEN

    DES FATWAS ET DES RECHERCHES

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    hGEPG L e g GdU Gd GEd GChVY Gdd a GC eJ GdHUQ a Gdj LAG e GdGA Gd jf hg aU c b GdY:

    hYL GdGC e dU M GEPG aJ GCe YJ GdQG

    hGEPG c f b c cH "GdU Gdf" a GCj aU d GC fHGe GEUM d hd Gd f a, hGCV Y Pd ek: T hRjGd GCej "JH H" Y 1891 d e Kf Y YG e GdGA aGd hGdH hGbO hGL... dQGS c GdV Hd a GCej,hGCL Gd MGQG eM e GBHA hGCe hGCSJI GdGQS hGdehGd hGdd... Gf GEd Jj GC GCej GCb Ohd a ei Gd H91Ohd eQI J GELGA GS a eGQG hGC g 32e GCej GCehf GdgH j ei Y jS e eGg, h04% e WGdGQS a S S Y j f eOI eH, hPc Gdj GCf dGCQGO bI eOj GC JV GCOGA J b GdOI Y Gd GCej YPd eYI EY Gd d Pd j e Nd, d HOf g GdS

    25

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • Gd M Y a Qa Gdi Gd dH H Gd Gd hGLHEW Gd GdY "SJ" hOY Gd GEd GdQc a GEUGd.

    hGCb: ePG d TQ Gd a gG GdGQ hbeG QhDj J JHj a GdGRH Gdh hGd, GCN hGdGb, GdO hGd, OhQ GdL hGdGCI, WeQH Gdj, H c e Gd d J Gd e GCe 32e GCej cj GC j d Jd GCh j Gd dES hGd GCh j MOj.

    dG j GC J Gdhi hGLOG Gd GEd Oa Gd GC j eGWe hGEff fa, jOO a GEfA eDS GCh GdQc a GE hL,hGdh e GCHA H e hZ e db Gd hhb Gdh hGdY Gd, hhb Gd GLY, hGEMA GCee hGCHI hGg HdVhGCj hGdGA hGdc, hGdCc Y Gda hJ Gde Gd hGdaHdG heQH GdQG hGdN, hQYj aGA Gdd hGdQj eGdh hGdL.

    GEf GCQL GC jd Y GCYGA GES HC Gd H b f b GCaOhG eGd hGd hGdj Cf d d jeG dOg GCheW T! H jhGb Gd "N GdS GCf dS".

    26

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • GdH Gdd: VhQI a Gd hGdGb e

    GCY ed e YA Gd GC Gdi GCh GLO j GC jQ eL a Gd hGdGb hGC j GEfG Gd Y GdGb, hGd GC e GCbGd e a gG Gdf HA TjG hY S Gd:

    a GCej M GEY hRGQI GdQL GCej GCc e 0002ec GESe,hQhGOg M OQGS GCLJ Le gQJQO e HO e GdDSGESe GCc e 2e e, hGdGb GCc e gG hd:GC- jL GCF Yg eDg TY )a, OY, OQGS GESe Ye( GE042GEee hGdb Z e, hH a f Y hTY hd cGe j aG YGF, a j eVY d GCh OQS GCh jGC a H CfGS a, GCe GdQGS Gd d GdGB hGdj hGCU Gd M j eGdF GEd eU Gdj hj dj Gd Gd GCh a Gd aG GCefOQ LG.

    - c e gDA GCF QZ a hTa hS QSd hOhQg GEe dJDg eGQS GdY GdCg Gda, GCh J Y J a JV Xh Gd Gd aQ GLGQ GCc e GHQ, hGBa Gd Gda H e J hOGQ a a GdGY hGd Gd J GCcGdj.

    - GC Gd a ML GEd a Gd GCej JQj hJj hGBehe hLGF hM hg GCe Z Y M j GC jQ a HAGd GESe Gd a e Gd J GYG GYGA GCh

    27

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • GYG, gDA L HL GEd OQGS e hd bGAG YGF,hOhQG eQL dJ GEd Gdi Gd GH HEU a.

    hGd GC Y GEOGQI b JQ hUQ J Gd dV hGd hH GC j Gd Y a hY HCOhGQ GCQH Lg a )TOWS( g:

    )1( ea YU GdI a Gd )htgnertS()2( ea YU Gd )ssenkaeW()3( ea GdU GdM )seitinutroppO()4( ea GdjG )taerhT(

    g a eO bYI Hf b hV Gd Gd hGCgG Gd K hVGdSF Gd K Jj a aG Re hNG eM )bI hHI Gdi(K GdH GdGf hGdj GQJY, ha GEWQ gG JV GdGf hjGL GCcA Ph Gd Gd. a jR d GC f EU OfGdS hGBNJ e Gd Y g GdGf Gdj a hGb GdS Md.

    GCM GC Y GdCg d Gd hGdGb hGdQj Y Gdi Gd Jd GBGdGb h J ge JQj GCh HI ef GEd eb j HCRe hj GEde GCh a T jV H hN e Gd c j hGb.

    jh d GC f aF GQJ HG Gdi Gda e a Gd hGdGb GdL Sf YH Gd jOO a ahi hbGQG GEOGQj TY c bGCTQHg Y Sf GCH H, hhGL bj LjI H aj, hJ Y H GCHWd M QO M GdQ GEd GCQH, hg Gd GCTQ Y Y H GdHf bS Y M Gd, hc Y H Y Gdj j a Gdj HghGM hj dM Gd, hLA Je GCH M GCH jS hGdf hGH GCHd ddG GEee GN Y hRe, hd GN M hHg,hcda a a GdG, hGBN a e. hfb GH J hGH Gd bj a

    28

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • b a GEL GdA Y M GLO f b hd jOOhG a Wbj LjI JS hGb, hc GH Gd a gG H d j GEd a GNGdi d Gde hGd hGCMG. hH j GC JCN H O. GdGEOQj GdH jR f Gdi a Gdh GE H GYOI GLO a GEPG eY N Ye GCh J Gd GCd e hg GTQI L GEd GC c Y dGCMe a Gdh GdGH hGCU. hGd b J GEd ej GCOdd J GEd L L d eW a hGb Gdd Gd hJQjGCF hGdOG GESe M JQ Gdi e GeG a GdU heUgGdY e hGb Gd Gd.

    GdH GdGH: GEMd GEd GLO GdY a Gdj Gde

    g bj LF GCh aOj j dd GCh GEe GC j a hM SGA fb diGCh eG GCUd, d Gdj Gde GCh HQI GdA e Y H Gdi GCUGC J GEd Gd Gd GdY, c j GC j GC Yd GCh GEe GC ja hM, hPd GbGA H Gdd Gd c j Gdi Y gG GdhQd GdY GdO he:

    1- e bd GEe GCH YI e H Gd Gd a c GdA: c GCH HGEPG hQO Y M f a c Gd Jd, aE hL a e j H b H, hGEd j a c Gd f a S QS Gd, aE hL a e j b H,aE GCY Pd, SC GdS: g Y GC QS Gdb a HA? aH bGEd Gd ad: b a HG hcG, aE d j S S GdL QhDSAGdS aSQg, aEPG GL QGCj Y T b H.

    29

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • 2- Pc GEe GdGQe a S H Y Gd H QGa GC GdH cfG GEPGfd H b d a e QS GdGCe GLG d, hGCLG, ad aQGChG...3- hPc GH Gd a GEY Gdb GC Y H Gd c j YAGdH jg a d a f, aEPG GL QGCj Y T b H, hdS GCH eS GCT GEd GdI GChU Hd.4- hQhi GdGf a GChS H Y Y H GCH Wd GCf SC QSGd: GE YV d e d j a bA a c h S, a JCef? b:Jf TQi H GCg Gd hGdHj e GdDe, h J a HGCj NU.hdG f GEe GdhQO a UJ GChd e cH GCM Gdf jDcY gG Gd HEjGO b GdY:

    j GdS aV SGI d h SGI GEPG Ld SOhGhGCM GC e GdGR GdhQj a GLO GdY e JCS a GdeGd e GS Ph Gd a Gd Gd e Gd hGdhGbO hGdS hGL hGdf... hPd dQ hGd Gd GUH GdI GdUI hUQ JQ c Lf jS Hi GJ GBab hahY hLGfNa dW GdI hSd e b M c Gdd GdY j HCU GdIGd J e Gdi Oh M, d GB j GC j YA GdjhMg HGf GdI Gd e jL GSf HdGA a Gd Gdj Hdi GCh eV GLO, d e H GSS H e H GdCS.h ef g TY h Y GC j gDA GdGA Z e, e VQhI GETQIGEd Jj YA haA he e GCHA GdO GCU e GCejhGChQhH... dfG LAG e Gde Gd H GYGOg Oh J, d GCej GC jV a Gd, hGC JV d GdGe Gd JL GEd M GdGa Gd.

    30

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • GdH Gde: GL Gd Gd e Gd GdY a GLO

    d GCc GdS ML GEd Ji Gd g GdA hGCF C Rd Gdd j HYd, hGL Gd Gd e Gd GdY GCe eU e a GLOGd, C Z Gd GdY jDO GEd V GLO hGQJ Gdi,hjDO GEd GC j Gf f Y Ma L hGdP Hd, GEP e GCa H YaGC e e GdQ. GH Gd jc GC cI Gdi e cI Gd GCh b. GCeGd Gd a hGV L a GdU GdY M j Gd Jd:}Gdj j QS Gd hjf h j GCMG GE Gd|)GCMG(hj Sf: }GEf j Gd e YO GdA|.hGCMOj cI Y Gdjj Gd Y hLg Cf NaG GdS e Y aG GCh GCaG H ej hj Gd Jd d: c GEj GCM GC J hj Y hL aGdQ.

    g a GdGb UQ VhQI H GC cf Zd a YF M GH GCFGCQH hUhG Y GdA hGCH c GC jGg GCh j H e j, hcG GHJ, hGd H Y Gd c j Hd M L Gd Jd Y jj UYGCeGA he S Gdj b, hc gG S a eGL LT Gd GdGCMb GCN hGdH hb hg GCYGV hGCgQ JGK Y QGFG dj gG Gd e J Gd hGdQ a d Gd a H UMGfQ a Gd e N Gd Oa GEd b Gd hd c eG hgG Gdj Gde Jb GdA GCh J HCF hJ Gdj GCSS e Gdj GEdGd M j Gd hj Gd hGEU.

    31

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • Y GC g Lf GBN d Gd j e gDA GdA hGCF GCU QSdeDKI J e LQG Gde hGdGe GEd L GdGb g GC j gDAU GCe e Gf GdQj GCh GfG GdL daG HdS GEd GdShGYG hM GdGQ hGdG, hdG b GCSPf Gde Gd GdVhYQJ Gdb a Gd GChQhH dEaA a OQhJ GdI a af: GE GJGCgGA Gde j Y GJ GCgGA GdW M j H GdYI GCh GCF ej H` "e j Gd" aEPG hL GdGL e e Md j GEd ege Rc Y Z, GCh LY e Qa e bQg Y M Zg, GCh JGj GEd Gdj hGd hj GC j Hd GCh GEPG hL H b eg jd HdN a c eg. hgG cF a Gd NU C ej Zd eJ QhGJ dd GEOGQG e a GCeL hGJgJ hJ edGLO GEUM d GLO Gdj, hHG j OhQ GdA aGd HJ GCgGA GdW ha Gd HJ GCgGA Gde e Gd GE eQM Gd hQRb bI a Y hj a b hTY a f d HGL aJj Gdd hGdS hJq GCS hGdU hGEaA GdS H jV QGdS hGEM Gdc Y e e Gd hGCe ad N Ma hg GCQMGdGM. aE GH U eb GCf H hJc Y Gd S J QSd GEdf Gd Gd hGd Gdc aDJ KQg HEP QH c f GB e YGCF GCY e JY Gde. hg e S GdM Gd J a GC ReGCh e.

    32

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • GdH GdOS: GYO a GdU a GdOG hGde

    e T a GC GCa Gd Jd hGChGe J e Gd H d GCe g GChGCgG heU JQc Gd GCh JQc, hf a a GCb j GC fLGd JGK Gd hS GC aAf jO j GCMg e a GdU hGdGE e hQO Y GH M heQS Gdgj, d GdQ jd Hd hGdUhGE c H c eG GCh eDU GCh eG d GCZ a Gd Gd YGEaA hGLO jCN Hdd hGdU hGE e X GdS hg Lg GdGdO, hGdd hg Gd GdS, hGS hS GdQGF hGdGdY hg a e JhQ M a GdU.

    hdG jh d GC e GCg GEYOI OQGS e c eG GCh eG e e c GCHeQ GdJj a eCN GdGF, GCh e c Gd Gd GCH H a eSGdj, he c GCH H GCH Gdd a eCd GdG hGdF hGd, hec Gdbf a GCM hGd hGd a GCU Gd, he c Gdj aGdg hGdK, he c GdGd a Gd hTA Gd hGEMA hGdhe c a Gdj GdGR a Gd Gd, he c GBe a GCM aGCU GCM, he c GH GdL a e GdU hGCe a Y GCUhGd, he c Gdh a e GdU GEd Y GCU, he c GESia fj Gd a T e GCU, he c Gd H Y Gd a TIGdQ hbGY GCM a ed GCf, he c T Gdj GdGa aGdh he c f Gdj Gda a Gd QZ LM GCMf, he c GHJ a Gdhi, he c J GH Gd a GCY Gdb Y Q GddhGd Gd a GU GdGY hGdY hHGF GdGF, he c GH Gd a

    33

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • L GdGe HT Gdf, he c hGCU haY GEe GCH GES GdW aGdGa hGY, he c Gdcf a GEQTO Gd hf GChWQ, he cT Gd Gdg, he c Gd e Y hJ Gd e QT QV aGdQ, he c GH YTQ a eU Gdj hGdj hGdj, he c YGdS Y GdU GdY, he c Y j GCY Gd GdU e T GCHRgI hGd hY M Gd hGd GdVh hO. Y Gd GdQ hO.GESY Gd hGCM Gdjf hO. jS Gdd hO. W GdGf hO. eGdL hGBNh.

    g GdhI GdF J GEd OQGS hhY hg j dU ef aGdOG hGde.

    hGEf g GCa H GdOG hGde a a GdU hGEef GEOQGc aJ Y a Oh Z d d Lk eU b jQ cG e a GdehjQ GCb e a GdOG, d Y Gd j GdLO, hdG d j gHCS e UI GdGhj a Gd GCj Y hL Yj hRGOg Sf YGEd S hKK hGCM GCPGf a GdhQGA hLR GENG RcI Gd fG GCh e Zdb GCg Gd, hLR a GdL GNQ GCj GChb dA hGdA hGCUGd. d a GdU j JhR f b a M LF dd aPg Gd eG Ye H GChd GEY Gd GEgd hGd hd GdGCh GdL e GCh HOQI C Gd Gd GCN e fU LF hjJQV GdF e Gd a GdU GdY hd c e Y Z Gd dLhG aGNa cG.

    hd GCc GdA GCh Gdj LG Gd Hd a GCe GdF hGd GdSf Y H Gd M Jb a J Gd GCSO hGU hGde eGd, hJS a GLO GdU a S GdDd bH a eOQ GdcI

    34

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • hb j GdQ a H GdH hGEdG Hd Gd, he GCH Mj eGdhG HdH he JRj GCQV GdGO hhQ GC Gd Gdb H Gdh ddC V GC hGd hGdCd Gdc... e GCL Y GCSP GdcQe HL a e Y H Gd a Gdj a GC Sf Y c ej f a GdU hGdd a L GCM hGCb.

    hd f GEPG b GE MOK UI Gd a H bj cf GLOG eUja GCe J a f b Od hKJ d Gdj UG a Gdj g S GCgGdf hGdS hGdj UG a H bj g S GCg Gdg c Pc GH Gdhg f aj hJ GC J Gd e GN Gd aE GNGd KGA hGN Gd hHA.

    GdH GdH: eGYI GChdj ha dEef GdGN hGdh GdQL

    e GdGL M GC JGY GChdj ha dj GdQj "GEef GdGNhGdh GdQL" GbGA Hd Gd hGd GdGBf e j Gd HeM e eGM GdYI. a GdM GChd c GENA GdYI hd j YGCSA Gd M GCS MI hY hcf Yf GdYI hGS GENA GCSAGdA hgL b GEd Gd e dG ha dGQ hdYI a GCQV j a GCM hc Gd "cG GCjj hGCbG GdI".

    hd j Gddh GdQL e GEjGA hGdj hGSGA Mb S H N HH a b hb RhL jS hGd j: UG GB jSGE eYc Gd. hf SG GC j GCeG b GChGf dd Jd: }hj Gdj jb|d Gd d UQ Y Ohd d j Y

    35

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • eO c YQI GeGCI e a S H b hg GCe GCj cG e Me S, d GB e Ohd H GC cf LY eQOI, he gG hGL Hb hY Gd H JV d GdO hc HGQg H Gd hH bjd jV d M d J e Nf GBf. d Gd e hLO Gdhd ceG dhV e H bF H Z hZg Y GC jG K KQGdj Ye LA YI GB eJ GEd Gdj S TCa Gd, heM Gd d j g Mj H Nf jO H bj e fM GdaQ Gdj H Mj, hd Qa bOG Gdj d GCe b J.

    hJg GCj a H Gd hGdO a U Gdj e cH HS Gd,hQS Gd, GCh T QO Gd GEd GdQ GE hU GEd Gdj hPd Chdj GCchg GfQ GdY OGN GdjI hNQL hd ja L GdDe hHY Gd hGdO hU Gdaj a QOg d Y Gd GdG GCh GdhC g GChdj GCc hg GfQ GdYi OGN hNQ GdjI hd j GdM Y H Gd hZ hd jGL Ye Jb GCU Y GdHd hGdH H e Z ee h JH d GdZ GdQe, hjOGO GCehVM a SJ Ye ON e aJ hON GdS a Oj Gd GCaGL d dj Gd d Y bGY GEHGg N GC jJ Mj Gd HS hd jGda eGYI Chdj L Gd hd Gd d j gG GCMG Y GdNa GES hg f GdGE GdO e eb Sf gQh e H GSGF dYhG Gd hYJ Sf eS.

    g H GCOd Y eGYI GChdj hg e GCU GCSPf Gde GdGdVh a a GCb hGChdj hGdB hGdGRf hTQc YO eGdA e j GEd ej JCU hJ hJS M j LQG e LhQGLO a c GLO NU a GCb.

    36

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • hjh d hgG j Gd GLO LY GC GChdj Gd a Gd JJc j:

    GCh: GdGR H HA GdL hGdA hHA GdDS.Kf: GYGO bOG M e GCHA Gd GCU.Kd: GS Gd hGd a HGe JHj hOYj eQL.QGH: GdMI GESe H GdY hGd.Ne: Gd dA Gdb Gd SGQ GdDS GESe.SOS: GfA bG aF heDS GYe Hd Gd a Gdd.SH: a GdGQ hGdG Hd e Z Gd hJj Gd d.Ke: GfA eQj GbOj Y GCS GSe Jb GSGQ GCeG GdJhS a Y GbO GdH.

    g eO QhDj Ye J Gd f a LY c GCf J NUc H hGb hej aCg e GCY HH h T GC GChdj e GCejhGChQH Gdj j Hj cI Z GChdj e Gd hc hGdH hOhd GCSe J M JCJ GChdj g Gdd Hdj hM GdGdj hhb Gdj hGYGA Y Gde hGdS.

    h T GCj GC GChdj GCe Ye f Gd Gd J Y eGdGN a a Gdj aV Y GCdG e Gd hGd hGd Gdj eaV Y GdGL Y M j Y H GCe GdfI.

    37

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • GdH Gde: Gdj H GdGg hGfA GCh GHG a GLO

    g eI a b GdGg H e jY Gd GEdF "GES H eGg" GChGd Gdg a Gd HBQGA Gdg hGE cf GCV GS, GCh GCHeS dG Gdef hGdf, hGdS a c TA GCYd hg Gdj HGdGg c W Gd GCH RgI a GdU Y Gdj hPc GC GdGg eGdGh GdI Gd j GC J a f GCS Gd, he GdC GdGYQ Gdg g Gdj GCh f GCS GdM hGd e JQ GdIGCQV e H M UQ e Gdj GdI GCh Gd Gd d j eh e HA e g Gd Gdg hf g GC f g GdQGd a b GdGC GBN e e j:

    GCh: e Qh Y Y H Gd GCf S Y GCe aO GdF Y Sf Y HGCH Wd a QL H GSA SCd Y GdG aCN a d: d GCad H gG. a GdL: he j hGCf GCe GdDe? a Sf Y: dc GCQO Gd c GCh S d hd GCQO GEd GdGCi hGdGC e.

    Kf: e Qh GC GCH M GS a eCd f a aCa HGCj a d GdF:GCh e J H g Gd Gd M Z, aCLH HC f GE X he fH. hdG Nd Je GdA GCH jS hGj GCH d he H GdGdf hNd H H hH GN KGA a Gd hd hHA a Gd.

    QGH: e GS Y Gd Gd e Jj GLO HCf H Gd GCbL a GS M TY X. hGd j M Gd a GYOI GLOhGS M GBN.

    38

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • Nek: UQ e Gd e GdGb HdhQI a HOf GESe GCN e LGdGg Oh Y GCh MS he e j:

    GC- GCN e hGCQO hSQj hGd HdU GdGL e Gd GdGd.

    - GCN GCZ Gdh GESe HL GH Gd hZ a GYQGd Gda e hGM W hGMI, Na dGC GCF GCQH e.

    - GCN c e Gdh Hde e GdG d GdC Na CZ GdSa HOg Gdj j GdGg Gd Ji GC Gd GdhGf a g Gdf eGEQ, hPd d GdO hGM a GENA b Gd.

    O- UQ L Gde Gd J GNQ hGfA e GdGg Gdf)Gd hGdd hGda hGd hGdg hGdj hGd hGEHV(,a j Gd a Gd GCh Gd hg GCb HG Y gG Gde hGJGCa. GE GCj GCb S a L GdGg, hdG j GC JO Qh Gdea GCN HCbi Od hGCf M e GC eg, hb j Gd GEdGCN Hdg GdL d GCc, hdG, j GEfQ Y GdGChQH dEaA a aG HGR eG Gd e Z Gd, e eGa Pd dGCeP H L, hehj H GCH S, he H Gd, hS H Gd,heh hj H j hGES H QGgj hGH J hGH Gd e N gGd GJ Y GCF GCQH, c j GEfQ a Gdi HGR HA GdGCIGd di RhL Gd d j dQhO Gd a hJ ed TYhOYj YjI, hGE c gG N GdGC GdF di LQ GdA.

    39

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • GdH GdS: J a Gd heGYI GdQ

    e NF GES Gd, he bGY Qa Gd he GdQ, he SJGdM, hg j GC J ed hbGY J GLO e b GEf JghJN hJ e YhI Gdj, C gG g Lg Gdj, hb U Y GdGCf e N H GCej GE GNQ GCjg ed j GEK, hd J g Od YeGYI Gd b MOK Gd Gd Le GCg a fQ Qe, hGCYGH GdH a Gd, ha c cf c NF GdM hGd hQa Gd Jee Gdb d cd H XgI, he a Gd hQa Gd, H Le GdLGCg hd jQ Y Gd Tj GCh GEf hGEW hGc GdHd:"GCW GCg h J", H GC GCN bQG cG e Gd H c e a.

    d gG g eMG HCSPf Gd Gde Gd GdVh GEd GSGA GdQjGd hM GC GCY OQL Gd hQa Gd hGdQ cf a aGdK GdH e H, hHGC GCN HM T a M cO GCJ HM c GCHG Gd, hGChd GdOI GEd S GCe hUQ Yg.

    hd c GdW HQY a H Yb Gd Hd, J YG eGdQ e hV Gdj d Hg, ac GC GdQ j GEd GdhGdj Y Gf hGd )GdH( hGd Y Gd a Gdj e Uhb Y Gd H Yh H GdU, hQZ S a Gd H ed, d Hgj g GdS hGYG a aV GdI hGdcI, hGd hGdO,hGQJ Gd Hdd, a e ehOI Hd HI Gd heHd a Gd HdO, hH e Gd, hGd jGY g M

    40

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • Gdd GdJ, a Gd e e a e e, hd GEPG Gf gG GdQ eGdd, aCU gGd.

    GCe eGYI GdQ a NU e Gd Gdj, hGd GdF H MIHI, h j gG ed Gd H TY, H g a H GC j GdGdDe GC GdQG ee heeI, hH GC jQ e a Gd M jJW.

    GdH GdT: GLO a GEjO HGF ehY d Y a hGb GCb

    e GdhQ G j Y Gd GCh GEe GC jL d HGF TYdChV Gd Y TY, hG j H Gde GCh GdGg, he GCe YPd a hGb GCb e j:

    GCh: GPG Hd Gdh a GEjGA RhL hGEVGQ H hW GEd RhL GdMI aGd GC jB e GEd Gd GdY aCH a Y Gd GCh GEe GC jHdg Gd Gd a Gdhd Z GSe.

    Kf: GPG c GC e h j e jV bV M GCh jQc a K eHdj GdY a e M Y Ge GC j HGA H HdV GdH GEPGd j S Z hcf GCSI eV d.

    Kd: GEPG cf GYGAG Y eDS hH Gd a Gd Jba M a Gf Gd Gd Gd Hd Gd LGR GdCe Y gGdDS GCh Gd e GbGQg H a e QH hbQ hZQ... M jGd eGU GdI hG TOhG.

    41

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • g GCe J Gd h J GC j Gdj g GCN HdN GCh GQJGd dhQI Gd JQ HQg a e GCQGOhG TGA H hg eV KW e GC jgG Gd H GdSj hjcG a TGA e hjCLM K j a Gd M TGA M hGM hQGA GBN H j GdGA hJPd hGd d, hGCb GPG c a J hGM j GC jThG GdHGd d j Hj a GCec GCNi.

    g GL QhDj eGV a L Gd hGCOYG Gd GC j d GCL GLOGdY a GCU hGBL Gde a GCNC hGd Jd e hQGA Gd hgf Gdd hf Gd.

    42

    H : O. U Gdj S

  • eN GEd a GCb

    GC. O. W LH GdGfY Gd GChQhH dEaA hGd

  • Jd J XgI GCb Gd a GdV XgI PG H c g a YfgG, a GdV cf "Ohd Gd" g Gdhd GChd a Gdd. hc Gdia Gdd JH hJa, hJ MH, h jhD GCM Y GYGA Ye, GCh Gf Me GES, c hg jh "Gd H GdT")1(, NH GdS, jh YQj)2(hj EZK GeGCI e GSK H dj eGS, hMh c Sg?

    d c Gd jah GEd NQ "OGQ GES" aCQV Yg c ehWQ)3(, hGdd g Gdj S GCe GCQV a GBN }GCns GCnQrVn jnpKonYpnOp Gdsdpon| )GCfA 501( d cfG jg GEd J GdjQ egj,GCh QSk hOHeS GCh JQGk, GCh Ua SF. hGChd cfG RhGQGk dGehOI, e a GCY GCZ. hGdj jOQh "OGQ GES" CSSS, GCh eQV d Gdb hjb GC J GEbe cfG jg aGdd GEd GCLGA fF e OGQ GES, J S Gd Gdc a ehOI,hb jg GEd HO Z Gd hj GC jfG Ph Tc hW hbQIhJ, hgDA cGk e cfG j GEeQG GESe J HH GdGM hGdQ

    1- Gd e H gQh GdT, GCH GCS, e GCYX NA H GdS, Hj Hda S 812g, j haI GCN GdCe H e, Ja QM Gd S 722g. QGL: GH GCK 6/841, eh Gdg2/962, GCY 7/721.2- YQj: H e HO Gdh a Gd S 322g. QGL: jb Gd, e GdG6/622.3- GETQI GEd Gdj Gd HF hg: bnn QnSoo Gdsp : GCoYrpo Nnrk Hopro GEpdn GCnMrnphnGCnSrnOp hnLopnr dp GCnQrVo WnoQkG hnenrpkG hnGCoMpsr dp GdrnnFpo hndnr Jons dpnr cnn bnrp hnfoproHpdtYrp TnrkG hnGCoYrpo GdsnYnn. e GCM 20981.

    45

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • a Pd Gd, jf GEd e TA Gd, c M d Gd a Laf hT GEjd)4(hH GCec GCNi. GCe Gdj j HEbe HXGf Z Gd hg b hJ GdOI dg Y, hJ YGCM Z TY, a a Gdd e GCS e GCg J GCec hGdG;hgDA H GC j Gd Y HdGj jGC hY Y GdGQ GdI H GdJ QGj GES, hGS HCM Gdj hH Gd H Z Gd.hb jR H GCh GdOQh e GEd OjQ Gd, hGdj J dXha Hd, jU GCT GdU Y eQS GdI GESe, hb JGCJ dj Ka GESe b JDO a H GCM GEd GMc H hHec e Z Gd f Qa, GE hLhG dd Sk, Gd a Xg Ka hJj Z GESe JW a Gdd H e J e GEShY, hb J e Pd a GCeQ eOI j GC J Kfj, GCh g e bGdL, hGd, hb jGC GM e Lf GCZ Gd aehd dhj NU GCb, hOe a GCcj, aEPG GCUhG Y GdAY e g Y aEf b j hjd, hj GC j gDA eGd Gdj } jnrnpon Mpnk hn jnrnohn Snpn| )GdA 89(.a e b j H e GCg Gd, hb jS H jOa e hbFGCS hGSAG GEd e j GdU GEd GSF e YA "OGQ GES"hb jq J GCS dL GdUj H Gd COGA Gd, hj GCJ GSAGJ aOj, C Y a X f Gd j Hj GCe GChLY e GCh T e a Gdd, hGEPG cf g eY e aEfeY UI b j Ug hGfGd HEbe f Jj GCh GbO GChKa e. hGdA haA Gd Gdj cfG je e bj gDAGCaGO GCh GdY jQc J GEOQG Gdh GdI H W GCS

    4- Gf T GCQS, JQj ZhG Gd, Hh: OGQ e GdI, 6691.

    46

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hGET Gd JhQ a GChS gDA GCaGO hH GCS hGET Gd JhQa GChS GCe Gd a e GdGa Gd j J a X GdjhGd GESe Gd a, hjQc GN Gd H eOQ Gdi a"OGQ GELH - OGQ GES" heOQg a GdjQ GCNi Gd J "OGQ OYI")5(,hjQc JCK Pd a Gdh Gd hGdj hGd hGda hGdj HGdGQj e j Y Gd Gd, eGk c GCh eGk, Gd a GCOd,hbGAJ H j d S GEUGQ Gdi GdS GdH d hGdj Y GdGbOh M, hOh GC jhR GdGY Gd, hGdU Gde dj, H GEGdGY Gd hGdU GdY JR Hd d GdbF HYQg eOQ GCSSHCOd, hb JO hJ g GdOQ hMg a GS e hbF SGH d.

    he Pd aE HA GCU a dCb hak eek d d JR GdL GEd ae e HhRg Gd; C hLO "GCe GELH" NQ "OGQ GELH" hGfd GEd"OGQ GdYI" d j GE Hd Gd GCTf GEd GBfk. a hLO YQV WQ, dj GCfQ Gdj GEd VhQI GdCU dG GdLO GCUk hahYk. a aOGFI V j "H GdGR" GCh GdhQG")6(.

    GdY Gd Hdj:j GEd Pd GC GES b J H GdGB hGfQ hJ GCe GdLGEd e HA bGY Ye c hec J Y Gde, e b KaheQa Gdj, ei e GdQ HJg Gdj Gde heU.

    5- QGL: Gd Gd d GdGR, M b GChQO GETQI e a J GCQV b HdA YhJjg dhR Gd "HGQ GES hOGQ Gd" hSCJ Y H J Pd. c GC Uj GCSPGdcQ QVG Gd b GS g Gdg "eg OGQ GdYI, hOGQ GELH" "hGCe GdYI, hGCeGELH" a c e OQGSJ, ha ee "GES GdS".6- e c GdGR Gdha e "GdQ Gd hGde Gd Y ahi GEaj hGCfdhGd, GCM H j Gdfj, 419g, Hh, OGQ Gd GESe, 3891.

    47

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • a e e GE hjDe HC Gdj GESe Tj J hQM, Tj GEUhGCZ, he e e GE hjQ J Gd GdY HSY GEff}anJsoG Gdsn en GSrnnror| )GdH 61(, ) jonuo Gdso fnrk GEpq hoSrnn()GdI682(.he e e GE hjDe HC Tj Gd J Gd hJ GdF, hJa GEUhGCZ, hJCe Hdh hJ Y Gd }Gdspjn jnspon GdsSon Gdsps GCoeusGdsp jnpohfno enroHk Yprngor ap GdsrQnGIp hnGEpfpp jnCreoogor Hpdrnrohp hnjnrngor YnrGdronp hnjopt dnor Gdsunp hnjonuo Ynnrpr GdrnnFpn hnjnno Ynror GEpUrngorhnGCnZrn Gdsp cnfnr Ynnrpr andspjn GBenoG Hpp hnYnsQoho hnfnnoho hnGJsnoG GdtQn GdspGCofpn enno GCohrdnpn gor Gdrorpon|)GCYG 751(.GE Gde Gd jQ e bd Jd: }gon Gdsp Nnnn dnor en ap GCnQrVpLnpk| )GdI 92( hOd Y GEHM e GCf Gd H GE e GCS Hd TYXg. aEHM g GCU, a e a GCQV GCh Y e Gd M, hc eJR e GdF e; hdd c Gd Hsk hGdG Hsk, hH GCeQe g eV Gd Gdq hGLOq. adGB b GCS HJ hYeJKa TY TF S hec H SF GdDe H b j GEd e HGd Gd, hGCT Pd GdY GdY Gd Gd Gd He d j GC c e b, hd g Tj b Tj GdGB YaaI "Gd e Gdj HdhQI" GC HdGg H J GEd GC f eGd. aCj ee Oj GCh TY U GCh c a GCOj GCNi g eGd GCg GNU hMg GCh Gd, hg hMg Gdj jOh Hd ahGd Y hGEH Gde e jU GEd. GCe a Tj GES aE eOjJa GCg Gd hGLO b J Jjg hMg, hGETG Gde a.ade j a GNQ Gd Gd jH GLOGJ hj, hGde j a

    48

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • "GCM GdV" e GCS hGdh hGdGf)7(, hGde jQ Gda J GdbF, c GC g e j Gde L ak Y Z. ddS Gd Gd HhR WF Ya "HCg Gd" eH GdF Gd Ya"HCg Gd" d d j EjO W j d "QL Gdj" GCh "gGEchS" GCh "g cQ GdA" j GC J Y eOQ Gdj hJJg hJChj H j GCM e NQ OhGFg GC j GEd, GCh jHQGS hJg GCh JChj, a J GdF e f eLk J aJ Gdd hJ H J GdM, ad c GCe ja hW GES,hd GCQGO GCM a d J e Pd, hb Ja Gde b GdU; C GdGBe dc, hg eCOH Gd Jd GdhOI Gd j GCM GMQg dM d GCQGO, hj GC bQ dG Gdc Gd, H GC e GC j gGdj.

    Gdj hGda:e Gdh GC Gdj hGdGf SGA GCcf Shj GCh hV H hHGda hGCYG hGdGF Gd Yb Ld, ada hGCYGhGdOG JDK Y Gdj hGdF Y T Gd hGSA GCM eGCUd. c GC Gd hGdj hGd c GChd eDK a hV hGEjO GdahGCYG hGdOG hJg Y Gdi Gd. hGCb Gd J a XKa hYOG hGCYG SFI d J eOQ Gdj GESe a UY,h J J GCb H e GCMG Gf Gd Y JCKg, a GEJhRJ a GdOG hGCN hGd, aEf d J JhRg a e

    7- Gd: g GdU Gdg Gd Gd d. Gd: g e j e Ye Gd, h j ehLO hLhOGk h Y dGJ. hg fY: d, hTY. Gdf: g GdU GdLO Gdg GdGd d Gd. )QGL Gd, d GdGR, H, 1/901(.

    49

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Gde hGbO hGd GdS hGd Gd hSF GCW Gdc, heGEWQ Gd hGEYe hhSF Jj GdGC Gd. hc Pd jY He H GCb hY a GChWf GCU, hj Tk ak e GQJWHd Gd, hjL d T e Gdb Gdj a Gd GdGa GdjGd J a JV Y T Gdb GdH a eGW GCU GEd Mc.

    hgG b j Hd d GdL f, hd j a GCL Gd J GEdOQL GdT hGV a Gd Gdd GCh GdGH a GCc Jj d GEdeO Pcj MI GCh eI, LI GCh QOj Y L GBHA hGCLGO j HGdeh GE hLhG d hbk. hGBfG b Jh g GCL Gdd PhHfk Jeka GCcj Gd J H, hJ Jek YbJ Hd Gd c d, hcGBHA hGCLGO jU Y GEHA Y J GdF H GdSF.

    Gd GdfGd Gdf hSF GdP Gd Gf Y QhDj Gd f aj a bQGJGdj, hWbJ Y GS hGd hGEPGH e fM, hWbJ GdHa GdX hGSOI e fM GCNi. he Gd Jj Gdf HjLe ef j Y GS SF eOGJ he jQ J, hj Gde aGdb PGJ JQg.

    GEP e HGj e Y "H GCfGQ" a GChQH hGdf a JQ OGF he MUQ e Gd Jj: a PchG d S Y Jjk)8(d e H Jj

    8- QGL: Y Gdg Gd, eSY GdO hGdOj hGdf, GdgI: OGQ Gdh, 8991,1, U 902, hb GCc O. Gd Y ZV Gd, hGEHe CS YjI, GCg GCf e ef MQ ej, hGC Gd c eHk hZek M a f GCU. hQL J PdGd GCh Gd Gd "Hdfj".

    50

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hGM J Y c eGU hTh GdQj Gde Gdf di GdW,h jG Gd eMk dQj GCNi: a f e e bGQ d hQHj GdH GdM g g Gdf a "Gd H Gdj hGdhd" dGdj H GK H j GC e Y GBN H j cfhef, hj eO JS a Y. hM g Gd e U Gdj He cf jG f a GChQhH - GC Gdj hGdhd - g LA e Wb hbQGPd GdP Gdf Gd!! hd Y GdCe Gdb f GC f GCGd GCh Gdj H Ye g eX HQL eRI d Gdhd PG GdPGdf, hY hSW Pd GdP Gdf j GdY hGdGN H eGCWG H jDO c W hX hOhQ e Z GC jhR MhO, GEf akfP Y j PG GdGU Gd GCV Y GdL, d dHCYQ GE e M Jg hJhR dM, hGYO Y eQ hGM dag GdLO, c GC gG GdL d H aO, hGE c b e GCQV chSO a L GCWGa hg Y SF fPL.

    eb e Gdj cGE "GdP Gdf" a eb e Gdj - c - d j H GJ JGd, a jQ GC "Gdj" VhQI GEff j Y GEf Gd Hhf,hGC di Gdj bQI J bQGJ Y Gd, hd e GdF e j YJ - e GCJ - Y U GE d J e Gd. c GC HGCOj Z bH d GCUk M GCM HhDg hg Z es dhH GChGdT.

    d c GdG GdH Gd GEd GdOj, hGdG GEZj hGdhef GdGEd GdGf, GEVa GEd GCS GCNi b L ck e Gdjf a UG eGd GEff hHU Gdj e a eGM hOJ hf hJQGJ Gd,

    51

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • ha Ne e Gd e fCJ e j Y GNG c e GNGbk T"Gdg hGdS")9(ek hb S gG GNG Y "GdP Gdf"Jj EQGOJ a GBN hhV M ji, hJ Jj SOJ Y,hJ GCOhGQg.

    GE "GdP Gdf" b hV ecj GEf GdYe Hjk Y ecj GdJd aSV ZhQ GEf, hJ TGJ, hGChg HQ e YOj Gd JdhhV d "Gd" Hjk Y GdM, hGdOI hGdYA Hjk Y GCfA, hGdagGdOj Hjk Y Gd, hGd Hjk Y Gdc, hGdQI GdOj Gd HjkY GdG hb GdG. hgG U GdL L, hGY c e GCH ONda e GCg GdQ - fQ Gd - eZk a N Gd.

    GES a GdGE GES d j ek di YA Gd heGQS Gdj M b XQGSG hGdb, hb j g SA a d LGf GCh SA Je GCh Z e d bj d c ehak Y S GEL. hc eNF d J ed di GdA GdH. hd cf ea HeOQg Gd GCS GCWhMJ hfPL Gda Zdk a aG GdGGdj, a j GdQj GdH dES GCf g Gd MQ HO Gd he eGM Gdhef Gd X LTk Y UQg Refk Wjk. hd j dES GCfg Gd GCd GCe Gd Qh Gdhe a J GCe Gd Gd GdSg "Mh Gdf" hSg "Hdh Gd" hGd GS bf e

    9- Gdg: g GdCe Gd a GdF Gdj, hGd J YOIk GEd OQGS GdI Gd, hJ a GdQGS GESe, Gd J c e Gd GdH e "Y GdM". QGL: YGdg Gd, 5/72, eL SH. GdS: g GdCe a W Gd Gd hc GL aGd GdgJ hGEff, hg GCjk e Gd GdU HdQGS GdgJ Gd.

    52

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Gde a M e cf Jh GdA Y hGf e dhd GdhehGdf. hd j eh Gd a Gd e GCWG GChQH hH TGEjd hL af hGEbe Gdhd a GCfd, K H Gdf H PdGCSGQ" a" hJj GChQH c, hHhR e Y "HdCd Gdb" GCh Gd GdbY GChQH. gG Gd Gd J a H GEd c JS GChQH e Y"Hhd GdL Gdj" GE "Gdhd Gdf" Gd J H GfQg a GdGdd GChd Y GCdf hJc hMF.

    GdLO GESe GdU a Gd:e GdGV GCf Gd - NUk GChQhH - h Gdd GESe - hNUk Gd- cfG jb GC jhG GES hGd a b GChQhH hGCej, ZGIaJ, H eLj hWHk heGW hGCHA GCU GfG e OjQg GESeGEd Gd d g hLO GESe M e he j GEd GChQHhGCej)01(H ef GfA, d jj GEHA Y Oj hH NFGda, e GSGO ddG H e j H GdGW GBNh e bGfhVGF hhGL hed, hGSOI e c e j Gdf dGW eeGj hMj hM.

    d c Gd GdLh GEd Gd hGd a jh ML Md GdG, a j e H Y hSGY, hcg e J ML GdGEd, hd j Sk Jj J Gd hGdGY HGF ca, hH GdGd a GCej h a GC H GChQH.

    01- d S b ed f a cH "OQGS GESe" YGf "GES GCejf" hb SGd e Pd Gd dk hefk, hd GCf YT GCje g dGCi "GES GCejf" H "GESGChQH" cd.

    53

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GdLO GESe a GCej NUkHd Cej a cf GEd e b GdO Y e S J Gd GdahGdQ hGdj GEVak LI GEd JOj, ad Gd Gda L e QeGkdd c hj GC J f GEd S GCQV ca GCh GEd Gdd GCc YGCf GdP Gd d, hPd S j d J Yd Gdd H GdhGdhef, hj GdGQ Gd jR d, hHd j d GC JO Gdd YLGQI hGS, hg e M ak a GEWQ e j "Hdd".

    hc g J c, hGf j d GCej Y GES hGdY ej e H a Pd H GdF GCej Gd d JOO a Jjef heGa d Ebe UG Gd hGCYO a Hh eH GChHH Qe, hcd Gd GCcOj hc e QL GdfS hGdG eGdH, e Pd j GC j Y Gd Gd Gd cf JM HfGCYA e GEd, hGS eVj jM GES Ojk hMQI hbjhJQjk hek hH ed GEOGQG Gd QM Hf JHje GEd. c GC Gd cf JM HdYI Gd Ebe UGGd a Gd GdI, hJQj GdA GES hPd d H hOYJGEd, hb Y YOGk e H Gdj d H Gd, hcf JMHfQ GES H d jK e J GEjH a ScJ, heYJ aGEb Y GdQG hGCY GELGe.

    ha Y 2991hGa hRGQI Gda Y J eTj Oj a GdG GdGCej HhY GdK, hY "GdT GCh" "LH e Y GdT"HM QS hJH Pd M H YO GdTj Gdj Gd GCQH YeTGk a ah GdG GCej Gd GdK. hGROGO YO GdLhGdDS GESe hGdGQS RjOI eX. hN Gd 7991HYQ

    54

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Yek dj Hd hGES a GCej, hcf aU eRI hGE d jGd H eS dj HCf hOj hJQj hMQJ.

    hHGC eDS GCej cI JM H e, a GCh bV e,hHGC Gdc J W GdV Gd HSQI N TY b Gda Gdj GEPG c GCM GdV ek. hGJ RhL GdF GdH eYIe JJ Gd. hY eX e a e g a Gd GCH aY GdF Gdd, hHGC GdQL GCej J H eX e bj a H GEd eU SGA, hY GCh S GCej e a "a".hhGa hRGQI Gda Y J GdH GdU Hd hGdO Hdd d WM SJI dGCS hGdQ J Gd Gdj. hT SFGdX Gdj hGdf Y Gd Y OQGS GESe b GdgGEd GC H e d jG hg jh GCh jh GEd Ka Gd Gd ja, a Pd Y eY GCg Gd J GCej hGCej. hcf gGdQGS J H L dES hGd hb J H gDA GEdGY GES, ha GCb GCMG GEd GMGe hGMG e, hGSGO dbjg K GdW e a H GCM.

    hQa GEd Gdc bj M V H GdhGF Y H Gd daGd GCh ZA GdGCS a Gd SF J Gdj, hUf fi GCNGJhHJ a e GdhGF HH hKH Gd j Gd GEd OjhMQJ hJQj, hj HH hSc GEd GEjH Gd jdES GC j GEd g GdO NUk a e b GCSI, hjQS e cGCS "HdYI Gde".

    hT GC Gd Gdj dES hGd cfG jh H Tj GEdGd, aG Gde GdO dLO GESe jO fPg hSf, hj

    55

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GCe Gd Wjk e cfG jb GC j GCee a j e GCj, hgDAGd eha HcF a Gd hSY a Gd, hehf GdF aGS Gd hGd e GdSF dU GEd GCZGV, hcd bQJ Ya e jjh HCj SGg, ad GCf hGCT a Je Ne, Oh GEKQIGd Md, hSQ Pd a ej e Gdj a Ne.

    K M e M a "GCj / S GCSO" hHGC QO Gd Gd e HGCej, a GCSGC e a GCej e YW hQO a Sj ZV. hHGdY Mhd a T GCNi GC JR GCM e a GCej e fI hfIhQa d hGYGA, aY haO GEd Gd GdQj HYGAG JGSLGM, hJGC GEd e a GBNh, H SQ H GEd GEbe M Jje dGf Gd be d Nd GdGj hGYGQG Y aGBNh, ha H GCec Gd JQ eLg GCh eGcg GESe GCUH LGf GCej e e GdF - he H GdO - YGdg a GEYQ e J hGEU e GCa Lk GEd L e Gd.hSQY SG a eW e ha e GCej YjI GEd GQJGA eHT HH Gd hGdg GEd H Gd Gd GdFe GYGA Y db GEd Lf hMj e GC GYGA GCh ec e GCGCM. hH GChd GdG GQJj e e JJj Gd EXQ ej eGde e, hd Gdc Z bOQj Y Gd H hH Gdd ja aDPj.

    GdY HESGEPG ff e RGhj e a Gd HC Gd GCej d j j YGES hGd GE GdA Gd, aGc Gd hGdQGS GdIGd a GdQGS GESe, heW Gd, hJQj hMQJ

    56

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • cf eI a GdhGF GCcOj, hGde Gd jg Gd a Gdfj,hcd GdQS Gdj jQS dDA d dj GE ee ehOIehOjs RhGj Gd GEd eVYJ a J Gdd GCc e Gde YeW Gd hKhGJ hTA Y JQj hMQJ, hH GdhGdhGj GdFI Gd J GCMfk eOQ Ka dCej GdO, hcGk e JoJ GdhGj hGd HY Gd Gd g bj Gd hM, a GEe RjfA GCh S OeA GCh N ea GCh GCH Za GCh UM e S eQe..Gd, aEPG bH Wk GCh GCSPGk GCh eSk e Gd aEf j HhGYGR HQJ GdH GCej, GCh MQI "GdOhcS" Gd L egG Gd c j GC j hGMGk e GCH J Gd Gd dCWhGdQ GEffk eGk jh GdL Gdj, hb j "GdQ hGd"hj a GCSG, hcCf d jd GCh GCHG GCh L a e e e HGO GChMQI e MGQ Gd GCh GdgI, hQH c j Gd GCh Gde GCh GdW GChGd GCh GCcGR GdQI GCh Gd GdO hGdOGf a GCRb hS hRfJ. hHdGWCfG GEd GdI GdZI GdN a Gd hd jOhG jh HC hLOg WQ j RdGk.

    M M RdG GdO Y e S aO Jg c eV Y GCQV,hJ c PG M M, a GdO Y e S heYJ GCaGd hSF GCej Y hGb Lj Y d H e b hHR GdLGEd JCS "a dCb" Gd a Gd NU GCc e GC hb e.ad GCej H aJ Z Gd b GCb H c a d Yehd ea GES e eOQ GCU hHSW GCg Zg. aToj eGd hGdSF hGdQGS Gd J GES L, GCh J H GCQcf GChGCUd, heOQ, hJQj, hKa, hMQJ M d j a GCSG e TAhGd J Gdj. hd J GdGAG H Gd Y bGAI e g

    57

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GEjH, H T GEjH hGd. hJg H GdA GC gG GEb g GEbHGa GdZ a GY GES GCh Hk Y Oj, he c GE Hk Y ehe Gdhea GdA d j e j Y L.

    he GdF hGde heGc Gd hGdQGS HGC J GCFhGCSJI hGdVj dKG Y GES, hjMG GCQcf heOQ hYbHCOj GCNi, hGBKQ a e hGELH Y GCS GdI Gd JhQ aGCPg GCej, NUk J Gd GCKQJ hSF GEY Gd M YbJd GES Hd hGda. hg c Gd j GdDe H Gd,hg c jCeg H ed a Gdj e Gdc hGCg Gd Y MSGA? he eb e Mj GEf? hg j Mj Gdj e Hb Gdj?hH b j GBj cj e GBj Gde hGBj GdS hGdj eSQI "GdH" hcd GBj 191-491e SQI "GdI" hZg e GBj GdjhDhf NQ Sb dDchG H GCMek e J HC GES Oj GdhGd hhV Gd Y Qb GdS dG GCh jDOhG Gdj Y j hgUZh GCh jG, cd Y Gd Y GEHGR hbF b Gd de,hGES a H O gG Gd.

    hd j Pd; H Gf c e GEd c Gd hGd hGCU Gdd e ahi heg he GESe hGCMek a jM Y GCFGdL hGdYI. hcl e Phh ee eGV a Gd hGdQGESe a Gdh e GEd GYGQ, hGEY JQjf g GCMhGCUd. a a Jb Y, hc e GCHA Gd HhDhG jhHdhf hje fk. he g GdF a gG Gd Y S Gd:

    - c j Oj GCQV GEd "OGQ GES hOGQ M" GC j Pd GCf JhGCf a Md M e SF GCe NQ HOc? hGC d Gd a eJ

    58

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GCU GC Oj Z Oj e T hhLJ a GCf GdQI Y T MY Gd. he M a S g M HAk Y GEj Gd HGCej, hGC OjQg OjQ M?

    - hePG Y "Gdj" Gd Jf "Vj GdhDhS" hJW GC JDO d eGdO hGdQi he GEd Y jm hg UZh. a Vj GEP hGehGf dGe GEf hMb hMj a GNQ Gdj Gd j H hjDe H?

    - hePG Y GELQ "GdJ" Y GdOI GEd GES GCh Gd? GCd gG e bGEcG a Gdj Gd JY GC Oj ja?

    - hePG Y GdGCI hMb hGYQg fb Y hOj, hGYQ TOJ fTOI GdL? hM a Gd hGEYA Gdh Mj GdhG HCQH a M dd GC Jh GE HGM J Y WY hNe, hd d GC JhR GChGeH, GCh J Y C Gd H. hePG Y Gd? GC Jh GC aV"Gd" Y GEgf d, hGETQ H Gd H, hGCf e e GdQL GdfN S GdL H Lk hGdOI d hQYj GChO hH, hd GCNGk MGdGe Y, hGEHF GCh J M gG. K JQKf f e j GdL?hePG Y g GdGCI hVH GEPG Y GdL?

    - hePG Y b j GdQ hQL GdGf hb GdPj Lk H Tjcd hGde e Tg, e GC GCe jnh GC j GNk a GdcGdQGK Gd ON dEf f a: adef g Gd J GEf jGEd Gd Gd GEd Gd GBN hd GfG GCNb?

    - dPG J a HOc GdcJQj Gd, hGfc M GEfhGCeGV hGd hGd hGd? dPG GfQ c eh GdhGdj a HOc? GCd GES g S J, c cf Gd

    59

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • S Je H GC hVg eV e MJ? dPG GCN a JGdjGW? GCd Pd Odk Y GC Jd GES J Y Gd hGdcJQjhGdh Gd hf Pd e eF?

    - dPG j GES GC GfQc a b Gdf a a ha fjQjDO GEd Gd? hdPG hdPG??

    d c Gd SGA LGk a HO GCe hg jh Pd GEb Z GdCdY Gd GESe hY GS d; Cf d jfG b aG HW Gd GCej, H GE H Gd HGChG jQS f GdGjGd Gd eQSg a "M Gd Gdf" Y JGh GdF hJhj aGdL hGdGc GESe Y GES YG GB e GCej. hGC GdGcGESe GdI a Gdj GdI HGC J GB GdDd eGd GdO Gdj d GCfQg J GCMG GEd GES, a eTj Y GdO Y e S GLM GdL TF J: "d H YOGdGN GEd GES e GCej GCU Gd hGdO hGdQ hGdQhGdA hGdcQ S GCdk hYI e" a J GdI GdLI aEPG GCd GEfY hGCW dd Gd aE GdF hGd efk e GCej d j Yhb Wj dhG GCej J W GEd "e GdDJ GESe" d GdGdO hGd H Gdh GESe!! he jQ a J f OjH Gf GEd Le Gdh GdH GCh ed Gdh GdH hH GdF.

    e g GdQhS GdOI e GdO Y e S?

    1- Y Gd GCej:GChk: GCK Gd GCej GCf T Ph Y ea, a T GEPG hGL Jjke aEf j JGRf, H jQ GEd OQGS hea Pd Gd, hQU NF

    60

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hUJ H j bOQGk Y Gde e Hd Gda GdS Gdj hQhDj. heb gG j Y GCf T j hQGA Gdhd M Jj, cGCf d Pjk dSF GEY H dj bH LI d eGb Me hGEYe.

    Kfk: GEf T e jO Gd hGda GdF hGdGa, h Gd hGdPI c b j GBNh, hGYGR H dj j Y GEdA MS GdY.

    Kdk: GEf T JM GdF, hJj SF Gda hGdb e HUa, hJ bOQGk Y Gd M bOJ H Gd Y eGb Gde b Pd, Oh GC j hY Y SF GM hGdV.

    QGHk: GCK GCf T J Gde JGRf, H j Gd Y JhRb Hd, haG GfW, U GCf b MK H GdhRG e HGd J H Gd hGd hH GdL hGd GdQj,hb hGM e Gd hGBN e Gd X Gd e Gd a L GCfAGdQI. hd a eH Pd QGCj GCV J GCYGO GdV J d,hJ aUk Sk H e GCM a fjQ e GCM hH H Gd aGdGN NUk ha GdQ Yek; H H c Gd e MGk GC hGSG Gd,hQGHG a eLg heGcg heGQS dj, hH GdG GQJj eeH Gd - c Pcf - hUM e GEd egg hcJhGCec Y dj hd Gd GdV Y Gd hGETQg HCGd LA e g Gd hdG ZHA GCh GCLf. Ji d M e M aGC H GBN a j QO Gd?! hb Pcf Md heGb HdjGdj Gd GCNL e hg: b GdQpO GdTp Yp Yh H GdU:S QS Gds j: "Jnoo GdsYno hnGdtho GCncrno GdsSp", a d Yh:GCnH e J, b: GCnb e S e QS Gds , b: d b Pd GE a

    61

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • d GCnQH; GEf CnM GdsS Y a, hnGCSY GEab H e, hGCnhTcI H aI, hNg d hj hV, hNe M L; GCe eX Gd.)11(

    2- Y ei Gd:GCh: GSd Gd Y Gdd Gd hGf Gd af Zd JcsHCNA GdS GdQL GCej J Gdj GdH hGESe, hJHH GdQ GCh Gd d M. hfi GC e M Gd GC jhG gGdS, H e hGL, hd f Gd GCh Gd J fGk aSY Gd - Gd J SY Gde GChd - a Y GC f GdGA GChkhfDL Gd GCh Gd GCh Gd db GBN. Pd Cf M J H aCf JjGC J: GE e GYi Y ehQ hGCf e, hGCf Pf Y hGCf Gdfha gG e a, a Jj GdGA hGEXQ Gde Z e Gd hGd hJjGdF, hbjk b: "d e e" aV Gdd a e hGM Z GCSGd.

    Kfk: GEHGR hSF GEY GdH GdF eg GdJ hGd a GdO GdHH M a GCej d j d e jQ, hj Y L a a W GdGdj Yek hGCej NU. GE d j Y fY JBej V Gd hGd,hbjk b:

    e j GCYGA a Lg e j Gdg a f

    Kdk: GEXQ GEY hGdV Hd GdL hGdU GdfI d hQa UQbOI "GdYI: a egG UN a Gdd GESe JGk Y GdV Y Gdf hY c e TQ a, hGC GdZ a Gd Y H GCY GdS Y

    11- QhG e a Gd hGCTG GdY, H: J GdY hGdh GCc GdS, Qb: 8982

    62

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • eGU Gd hej, a J J H Gd hGdQ, h H GdVhGdBe, h H e j GEd GCe hjGY e hH e j GEd a GChM hjGg c GCe GCh j GEd GCe GE e Nd GCh j Y hjf hUk Y c Oh QGC e, hb GCV g Gdg cGk HGES hhLO Gd a Gd.

    QGHk: g YO HCS H e Gd b bG a Gdf Gd J eL,c j GEHGR Pd H GdSF, NUk a GCej f, hJOj GCSA gDA,hGEbe ed GdGA d a H Phj ha GCec Gde hGEbe UG GdFY hJ Pd H hSF GEY GdM GdGN e hGdQL, hJTC NQI Gd GESe GCej a, a c Pd ck HETQGd GCej GCf M d c GdL Lk e Gd aE VjGd GCej b HG f Yd, aQI Gd a g GddNQI eY H j GdW hGde GCc e Gde GCh Gf.

    Nek: d j Gd Gd a GdGN GCej GEXQ JW GCh Jee Gd GCej Hd Gd a GCej a gG Gdd aG Zjk H aGd GCNi, hGCLk hGaGk Y GdO Z hG Y Jdg hKa. eDcGkY GC hLO WQ GCU. GE H Gd Gd GdGJ TQc a GERGdGCfV a "GdL" Y b YOg hc jJj eH GESe cd e GCK Gd a fS QL "GdL" hGCej Gdj TghgH Ye GCc e c e be Gd a hGT hfjQ a J GdI, hGEd j Pd H GEYe eS e aF Gd hGd h eGEY GCej. ad GCej c j GC jG eek e, eWk eVj, Z Te a, eGk Y eGSJ d.

    SOSk: GVG eGb GCF hbOG GdDS hGdU Gd e GCHA

    63

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Gd GESe a GCej c GCTf SHk, a GCHR GVGH GdGbhGNaJ Y GdI H GdOG hGdDS GESe, hY hLO QhDjec, dLO GESe PGJ, h dV, h d, h dj GdJGL. hGC Gd - GdLj NUk - jh GEd g GdO GE fJGEd e GCh e jDh H hHg, h ef dj GC jOQhg H PdjHk NGHk.

    SHk: JK GdF hGdd hGd Gd H GBNj e GdGhY, hdd d j Gdh M QO Gd hbJ hbJ, hMGdH hGdQI a SF Y Ga Y GCe. aa Y GCeeaV, SGA GCM e a T GCh e bOI ehV OcJQj, adhGd e GCg T GCe hb J GBKQ Gd GEd GCL, hb J Y GCehT, a CM GC j Y a gG GCe, hj f hUk GCh hckY hfWk HS, hjQL GEd M GCh S Oh TQi e, hOh SDGdQGCj. GEq GCe GCY e "Gd" hGCY e GdY M d b Y: "e" hGCYe Gd, hGCe GCY H jg he j, he jDK Y eFg: a CMGC j Y a GC TC e Tf, hGdGV Ha Y GCe Tj dGba hGdJ d a Pd. a JCN GCe e gG OQSk GCh YI? GCJ Pd.

    a GCb

    "a GCb" c a GCU aI HGC dj b GdU GEd Gdj GdIhGEbe a, a c Pd LAGk e Gd Gd T H "QGH GddGESe" a e, h"GdhI Gdd d GESe", K "Le GEe eH SO" M GChc GEd GCe J Gd GdOj GEd Gdj GdI

    64

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GCej. hM RQ Gdj GdI HYI e ASM"GJO GdGd" Y 6791c e H GdM Gd GbM Y GCNI O. eOQTG "GCe Gd dJO" GBfG hGdcQ Gdf GCH Lj QM Gd hce Gd, hO. eQ b, hO. L Hh. GC GCY OQGS a "aGCb" hTY ak a cH TA a GdOG, hJc dj GBfG Y GCeeGU Gd a H Pd GEPG M Y J d GCh GCc, hgG e d jM Y 4891M be GSd e Le GEe e H SO, hJZd a TIII"Gd Gdd d GESe" aY Y 5891H GCgGCS Gd cf Gdd Gd Jg, hJe H GEd "e Gd Gdhd"Gd c b JCS hTa Hj a GEd Lh GCYd, hc YOgGBfG KK SDGk, ha Gdb f GCQS HCS f GEd GCF TGCRg, hGEe GdF, hGEe Gd QM Gd hGBj Gd e M Gda j GEe Gd, hGCL GEee GdF hGd GELH ec Y GChQG GCS f, hH a Zj GEjR e: jR, jR GChGdDG e. GCe Gd a H GCS JDL e OhQI GEd GCNi dI KKS, K T d c e H GCYF. hGCY Gd eQj GdGQGGELH Y GCS Gd GCa H hf GEd GCS Gd d j Gd YhJ Y GEKQJ, hc Pd GCoS Y OQGS e a GdQh hNGdGQG GdQ GEd GE fOQGk Y Gdd hGd. hH d GCa H dJ YGEaA H e GdQ GCc e j GC jJ Y e Gda. dd UQ djbY Je GCf a ML GEd GYO Y Gd hGdV H HA "a dCb"Y e H HA GCUd. hH Gd Jf dj M e bj GddhGELH GdY Y JY Y GEfR TA a gG GdO.

    hM b ed QFS Gd Gd Cej Gdd a Y 8891OYGENGf GCYA GEd GC f ek Y HA gG Gd. d Gd cf bUI

    65

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • a H Gdhi, hJ J hOQGS e GCe e da ePG c eGd GdA Y, aLf a Pd UH cI, hb fb a gG GCe YOGke GCYA hGdQ hGCUbA a QM H, hGCc VhQJ, hd d jGCM e QGZk a Gb Gd GCh Gd d. hb GCJ d aU GEYGO fPdhi H Y bGY Pd Gd dH Gdf Gd e hGd Y eGd,aCYO OQGS a "M Gd H HO Z Gd hGd Y MGdGW" hOQGS GCNi S H a g GdQGS HYQg fP hGCeY gG Gd. hGCd YI eVG a Y W GdQGS Gd a MUII"Gde Gdd GESe Hdj" a Ye 39, 49hb b J GdVGGSfk e Gd hGCSJI.

    hd J JCS "Le Gd GESe hGLY" "SSISG" loohcS etaudarGsecneicSlaicoS dna cimalsI fo SQY GEd L "a GCb" eQGk GEdGekjQS L Gd daG e Nd ed Gd GCc hGCU Gd Y GCjeG HF dGL Gdj Gd JGL. hdYg gG Gd GE TA GdY HA Ka GESe eS d J hLOg a fRGk GCh Zjk, Hj hLOGk GCUk eGk.

    GEf a j GEd GS hJhR Md GfQ Gd hGd Gd JGCb Gd a Gd NU, d GEd Tj a g Gd aSGF hVGF, GEPG QGC Nk SQY GEd GEUM, hGEPG QGC NGk Y GEdGEfF, hGEPG QGC TGk ghd GEd GEWF, aCQV c Oh GSA dEf.heG YG jQS Gd a YOJ HdG hGdA, hGd c BO hGBOe JG he GdS a f Gd GE GCSI ci hGMI heI e GNdJ hGCdGf heGb hGCQV H GBe d GCSI GdI, hGd j GCj Y e Gd Jd hGF Gd d Y cf hYd, hGHA Hd,hGSa d d g GCgG hGdU.

    66

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • dPG fot Y VhQI HA a dCb?GE HA a dCb d e b Gd Gd GCh Gd, GCh GCf eDS dHIJ GCb, GCh Jd SF Gd e GCee dj a Qag, hJHdN hGdChj d J Y YGF Gd. hb gL gG Gd HGd b GC ja GCh jG Y GCh Y GCUd hbGY )hGdS GCYGA eLG( GE gG Gd e Gd hbGY VhQ dCe c, dCb hMg:a d GdQh Jj j Y Jj Gdd, hOYhi hJChjGdg, hGf Gd, hGdj j GC a GdQh j GdGEd HCL hGCf UQ e Cf d jbG H Gdj Gd g hVGEd hhM e, hH a GdL ha hGSW e GCU, hj YGd GCf d jG Y gG Gd GdQh hJQj heGM, hc JshJGc, hd jQcG W Gde Gd GCf a, hGd Gd f hJY a,hGCS Gd GCL Y. hW Yb HdGB Gdj hHd Gdj hGdQGGEjH Gd e H hZg. Cf eh h jjh efI LO GCh GLO GChS CZGQ eGg Gdj hGCOd.d H a g GdQGS GdLI GCg e j GSOJ e Gd GdQh, hej GdA Y H hV a S GdGB Gd hGd Gdj Gd GdHGd d. hGdj Y Pd Gd Hd hGd GdVj HYQ GdGBeQGk ek, hGd eQGk ek, hGd HdGB Gd Y Gd GdQh,heGL Y gj Gd.GE Gd Y JQj Gd ji c c Gd eGk a GdQ GCh e GdGBGEfAk he Gd Hfk. hc H e "Gd" Y GYQ GdG Hd akhGS Gd eGC "GEdG" e c "Gd" ak hJk, hak fjk eek BjGd. K Jg GdS hGYhG Gd Gdj ek a Gd afG H YGdGB Gd, hUQ GdL GEd hGS H j HYQ TgGk j d Od

    67

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Y Gd, hJSG a e Gd M S GEe Y H GCH Wd c GdhL hQV Y Pd "H GCMOj" c Qh Pd Y Y GdQ GCYQ,b: eQ a Gd aEPG GdS jV a GCMOj, aN Y Ya: j GCe GdDe GC Ji GC GdS b NVG a GCMOj, b: hbag! b: f, b: GCe GEf b S QS Gd j: GC GEf Sa, a: e Gd e j QS Gd? b: "c Gd a fC e c b,hN e Hc, hM e H, hg Gd d Hd, e Jc e LQb Gd, he GH Gdi a Z GCV Gd, hg M Gd Gd, hgGdc Gd, hg GdG Gd, g Gd Jj H GCgGA, h JH GCd, h j e GdA, h j Y cI GdO, h J YF,g Gd d J Gd GEP S M bdG: )GEf S bGBf Y j GEdGdT aBe H(, e b H U, he Y H GCL, he M H Y, heOY GEd gi GEd UG e".Ng GEd j GCYQ.)21(

    hM HGC GCF Gdh j bGYg GCUd heJ GLOjhj Gd a VF hY gj J GdS Gd hGd ek hGJhgeO TGg e)31(, hGfG HGY GChd GCF ha. K d jG GEbk M JhRhG bGY GChd ha GEd GCbG heGg JeJ hGCUHhGCJY, H JGC H Gdg Y Gd: "HC c GBj Jd e YGCUH GEe eDhd GCh eN, hc Mj jd e Y GCUH a GEe eDhGCh e".)41(

    21- QhG Gde a c aF GdGB Y QS Gd, H e LA a a GdGB, Qb: 6092.hH Gd GChQO GCH Y Gd e GdJ Gdf GdQ HH GdRj, 048g, a cH JLGCSd GdGB Y GCSd Gdf, Hh: OGQ Gd Gd, 4891.31- GCf GdQGS Gd dC O.YV Gd )GS GCUd Hd hGd(.41- QGL: "GCbG GCUd" GCh e GCT "HCU GdN" CH Gd Y Gd H Gd GdN,J: N GdQ, 9891.

    68

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hGS Md GdgQ hGdGL, hGHO Y Gd hGd M cO Gd GCjK, hSO Gd, hGCU Gdj jL a OQGS Gd hGCU a GCgGde GESe GdUI jQS a Gdd GE eY ecG eGCh ed jg GChd Gdj jQS d Y GdSF hY GdU ek. aGCd Gd hGdOG GCcOj GCfS d H hH c Gde fGCh U, a j GLO? hc j GEHG, hc J Gd,hc Jd g Gd Gdd a GdS hGbO hGL hGCNhGd hGdb? hc j Gd GESe Gd JhR GCUd heOQheU heJ GC jGL Jj heG Y J Gdj LAGkGCSSk e eJ heGJ HcG S CSJI g a Gd GCfe, hc j dCb eGL GdGf hGdQGS Gdff GdQIH JQj H GdcG? ag hj Y, hj GCa hGEYR GdGESe hJb Y SF Gd? GEf GCe a Pd e d j Gd a GdGeGd GESe, hj GCPcA GCe Y GdQGS GESe dg e Je Yj hGEYOI HA hJj.

    e g aE "a GCb" S LgGk Y GdOI GEd Gd Gdj hGdGdj hGd a c hYe c e, hGYO Y eU GdjhZjJ a ejJ Gd dO d bH hfhD hMj hMJ.aCRe Gdd jd GE c cf, he e c cf Y hL GCQVGE GdGB.

    fC Gd Gdj GC ja dj e j g GCe hj d aY hMj,hjOg GEd hGEd cH QOGk Lk. GEf S e.

    69

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • JjG:Gd: d J c "a" Hd GUM Gdh GB - TF diGdQ GCh e g GCe, H cfG j c "Gd" d GEPG hLhGGCe Ob Gd j GEd Gd QH YhG Y "Gd" Hk e "Gd" hbGCTQ GH Nh a ee GEd Pd Hd )Gd ea GCM Gd a GCaGd HdL hGd hGd hGdGg, hGEHM, hg eI e GdhGd he f GdQ da e GCOd, aEPG GSL GCM e JGCOd b "a"(.)51(

    hd J J "GdA" TF GCjk, H c GCg GS e GdH jaHS "GdGA" JGk d Y GCe e GdH Gdj d jfG jGCh Gd hjf. ha gG j GH Nh "K Y GCeQ GES, hPg GCe eGd HQS Gd, hJ GS, hf Gd hGCU UY hYk.adG HS GdA hGdA e GdGA".)61(

    GCb: GCe c "GCb" a e SS Li GSd a Gd GdhdGdU, j H eY GCh a e QYj Ohd e Gdh J e M GdGCh Gd GCh Gdj GEd Z e J GEd GCZ. hgG GS e Y GdGdSQ hGdff Gd Li JGhd a GEWQ e "Gdhd Gde" a GChQhH. GCeHd dj GdI a cf Gd GCSS J Y GdOj,hGdY Gd jRg Gd j GC j J Y GCSS e edhML J bYk e GdS d dCaGO Gdj QH H J Gdd.

    51- GH Nh, Gde U 544, hj GCjk: J GdhS dH, hfF GCU T GddGa, hW GH S a JL GH Y, hGEe Gda d Y GdGR, S GCYGES.61- GdQ f U 644.

    70

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hb GCO Gd GdOj, hJ Gd hJj GEd f eI K d GCj e "GCb" a Gdj GdI eek SFk j GC j GCh jQa "GdKd, GdGCI, Gdf, hGdGF Gd" hM GdGP Lkhfg jd a X gG Gd GEd GCb Jd H NU, hMjd J NU. hGd a GCej GCb. hd j GdQj hGdjGW hg jGhd Gd gG GdDG Y eb GCb Gd e HGdi Gdf d GCej, C "GdGW" a Gdj GdI J YGdb H GdO hGdhd GCej Y GMG GdSQ hSF GdGf, hGd YGdG HdGL, hJ H Pd Y Oa GdGF a hb hY Gd a GChGdj Y, aEPG M GdO gj GdW a eGW Ud j GC jY Mb Gd, hcd Y Gde GLY Y H S e GCh GdY Gd.

    c Pd c hGVk b GdO Y e S, hb cf GCej aQIHOj hHe Gd Gd Gd j e Gd Y GCM GdhGCN GdG e L GCfA Gdd aQ Gdd Gd Gd jO GddGd. hd J GEOGQI GCej J GSAk XgGk e J Gd YGCf HGJ, heLg, heGQS, hM eDSJ GdS hfg;hd j j c Gg Hd GESe Gd jh hGVk a H Gdj.c GC GQJ H GdDS Hd GESe d j j c JhD eeOG Pd a MhO Gdj GCSS Gd j GdSQ hJ GdGf.hcd Y Gd Y JY GCh OY ed e HG Gd GESedL hGdGQS hGdDS GCh GEQS H GdY d jL eGde ha hGdG hJ eDS GEZK. c Pd - a jh - dj eQ GERY CM.

    71

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GCe H GdO Y e S a J Gd H e d GCX e cNak e b hMQ e GeGO GESe a Gd, hGSY GCeQGk GCNi LjIdi GEOGQI hGdQ GCej. GCe XQ e c Nak a b GdhGF GCUdGdGf hGdOj e ON GES GEd GdM GCej hGSGQ a hHhRGCUG bF "GC g GdQI d MQI "GdOhcj" hMg, H gMQI GTc a U bGYg GCOj GEHGg GdK he GES" GC dj GCc JCKGk a Gf g GdQI e GC Oj GBN. a GES d M"Gdj" a GChQH, hd Y GCfGQ he JJ Y d Gf g GdQI. heRGO e b J GdhGF GCUd GEb GdGj di "GCahGCej" dOI GEdLhQg GESe, hdA c e GChd Gdj GCRY e GBd GEd Gd hNUkb GCSI a X Gd Gdf GEd GES j a Gd hjh aeQGk gek EYf GCej Y GEYOI HA ee Gd he b GBHA GdDS.hJ GSYA b GCNi NI hg GC GES a e YU Gdj e jH hGSH c g Gd Hd COj GCNi. hGC a aY bj YGdj hGdj Gda Gd j HSGQ hS Jb H Gd GEdja GEd HA GCf MI eI HCc e j GC f Oj GCh Ka GCj, hHG d GdGQ, hg e H "GCUd" GCh eDjj dQG GCUd"GdGf, hGdOj" GC GdQG Gde a GES S d Jb Gd GEdY M eQS "Gd Gdj", H SL Ka ec H GCJY J OhPhHf a Gd GLY, hSL dj GROhGLk a GdA b jDO GEd YbH eQj Gd hGdd Gd J Gd Y Gdd hJ, hJhjL GdU Gdb dd, he NU HG Gd GESe.HQI GCNi GEf b GcG GC GES S YFk j H Gd hHGfe a GCcj e fM, c j Oh Jj HG Gd GESedQj Gdd. e g GSG TQ "UG GCOj hGdQG" he g HGC

    72

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • ehd GEdS GES Hd "GEQg" Gd J Ufg GC jg aVj GC J d e jjh GEdS d. hSZG Cf GC jG Nk WjGdi d S "Hdh Gd" Gdj Gd ShR ejJ GCYQGdQj GdH, dd GCQOhG GC jGQK N Y S M Gdj hQHM "fj GdQj GCh fj Gdd".

    GE TQ "MGQ GdQG" e GEd GEYOI f hJ hGEYOI HA hUZ eGdf GESe a MhQ GdF Mk GE hGf GdGQ HCc GdF d,he MhQ Gd OLL GE hGf GdGQ HCc Gd dLL, a f GEdMQI J Y ge Gd, he c Gd Gdb dY Gd jY Gde GC jQ GCh jhQ GCh j Y OGFI JL Gdc hJ!!?

    hJ ed GCb YOI GdhGI e GCZ a Gd Gdf hGdS.e GYG d H GN hGd a e GYO hGd hGCMGGd, hH GCeQ Gd J GfA Gd hGd.

    hJDS YOIk bOG dCb - a c e GCM - Jh Gd YNU GCYA GCb e N GCeQ Gdd:

    1- GEYA J dCb Gd J GEd Y LhQg GdQj, heGjg heQGhLOg, dY GCb Y GELH Y SDG "e f"? hVk Y SDG "ePGfj"?

    2- J Y J YU GCb hGEbe QhGH H JYg Y Mj JGdU hJj.

    3- J Y GEHGR hJ H GdeR Gda GdI Y NU GCb.4- J Y J GCe eT hJa GLY a H GCM c aGdd GdOj.

    73

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • 5- J Y eYI GCb Y GC J OhQGk aYk j GMG GCcjhJjg.

    eb a GCb e Gd Gd:GE Gdj Y "a GCb" j YOGk e GCS Gd:

    1- GEd GC Gd GdY GCh Gd j GC j gG Gd? aj f hfGCeG VhQj d, hV Jj hGEfF?

    2- HC Gd GLY j dG Gd GC j, he eGQ JY e ce?

    3- dPG f "H GCb"? hGEd GC ei J g Gd Ob?4- c fe e Gdj Gd jg hLO Gd Ha NQ GdGdGa, ha aI Re ejI dQ GEf Gd GESe GdQh.

    hdELH Y g GdhD f:

    j GEOQG "a GCb" a ed "Gd" Gd c g TF GB - GC aGdh - H GChd GEOQGL V "Gd" Hd Gd Gd b Gd abd: "e jO Gd H NGk j a Gdj")71(GCh "Gd GCc" c OY GEe GCHM QM Gd Y, hGCW Y Gd Gd GEd.

    dd QGCj VhQI QH Hd GCc hVk dA a GEWQ Gd, hJhRGk dGGCh Gd Gdj GCh Gd.

    71- QhG GdQ a Gd, H e jO Gd H NGk j a Gdj, Qb 17. hQhG e a GdcI, HGd Y GdCd, Gdj Qb 7301.

    74

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GE "a GCb" a fY jGY GQJ Gd GdY Hh GdY,hHd Gd J a, a a LY eQI d Xh NU b jd e j dg. hj ehd - GEVa GEd Gd GdY - GEd KahGW a H Gd GLY, NUk Y GL hGbO hGdGdS hGdb Gdhd.

    he g aE J "a GCb" J Ob, hGU e GE TA Gd TYkhYak h" eM a GU" hd Gd e JCS GEYA QNdCb J H GCcj GESe, H Y Gd e Pd, GEf fGEd GC f e GCb HG Gd fP hGCe, he GCcA dCe Gda GdG Gd j a, a a "Gd" GCh GdP, ha GdGF, aGdN hGdChj. hb JU GEd H GdOG Gd Gd j GCJ OYF Gd GELd Gd S a GELH Y GCS Gd dCbGfbk e gG Gd hbGY hGCUd. hSCJ Y JV Gdd GCSS dGdOG Mk.

    J GdDG hGEYOI UZ:GEPG KQ SDG a e GCb GCh PG U H GCb Y d aO, GCh OGQ YGCd LY, aE Gd GdU j GEd GS hJhR Gdb GdPGd j GCe H SF he, SF jR GEW GdY Y Mb j, he j GCe ek Y MhO J GSA hJj GdihGEaA. aG eb Z Y hQK Y YQ Gd, hcS Y GdG GdGS Gd hGSe d hGJJ ek hL Gdi HCQcf c TCfkaOjk a Gdd.

    GE Gd J eb Y j a N GdDG hGdF, hGdGeGLY Gd hd GdDG hGCHR GET, hg g SDG e H

    75

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GdhM, GCh j Jj g Gd, hGEYOI UZ a UQI GET a, Ked a VA QhDj Te J GdGY GdY Gd, hGdO GdGBfGdH, hGd Gd Gdc, hGdU GdY GCSS, hJGY cdZj GES a GfQ hGd Y Gdi Gd.

    he g f GC f f GdGB Gd Y GEKQI GCS e e TC GEKQJhGELH Y c g GC JDO GEd e GLY NI, C J GCSUZ XGg S, aEPG GCL Y a Pd Gd GS J GdGghJ. hdd aE GdGB Gd b Y g GdI Gd, JGdDG hGEYOI Jc K GELH Y, a bd Jd: }jnrCndofnn Ynr GCngpsp borgpn ennGbpo dpsSp hnGdrnu| )GdI 981( c GdDG Y GCg c WM GdOY Gd SDGk Y Gdf Gd hGd Gde hQGA XQ Gd a HOGCe UGk, K j M j HQGk, K jGC eI GCNi j M Gd dOe Lj, hgG, hg SDG ed jj GC jR Jb Gd Y Gd ec LGH, a GdDG H J hGEYOI UZ d SDGk Y aGFGd, hQH Y U hc hJj eRd HdGb Gd J ML GdSGEd ea hJjg, e GETQI N GEd W GdF hZhQ, hJhR dDGY aGF Gd hg e j Gdj c GEd SDG W j GCc e YOGd a Pd, hdd a GCU Gd GdO e GdDG H PdeOGk e YI L: GChd J GdS c jZ GCS UZ ObH jO GdDG H GEd GdG Gd, hjY Y. hKf GEOQG SFGCHO Gd T GETd GdDG, hGSO H J GCHO Gd J hQGAge b GdF e j JhR, hY Gd GEd; C eU GdF eGCS J e SF GEd GBN, aEPG d j Gd GEd gG Gdf ajQL GdDG GdC GEd GdG GdC. hU GS cI a d GdH:a GS d Gd GCh Gd, hGS Gd, hg GS d

    76

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Gdd, GCh GEXQ eQV d, GCh EK L Gd hGdd Y...GEd Z Pde GCfG. hKd aGF J GdDG g Gd d Y GdG GdF.hgG Gd f XgGk a e e GCK a GdGB Gdj e GCS ha GELHY }hnjnrCndofnn Ynr Gdthp|)GESGA 58( }hnjnrCndofnn Ynr Pp Gdrnrfnrp|)Gd 38( Gd, aDG Gda GBOG H e eM heGYJ eGdf; Gd hGd.

    ha VA Pd f a f GdS Y "b hb hGEVY Gd hcIGdDG")81(hGdj e GCS b JDO UZ GEd Jj M GCh aVeh GCh f Pd GEPG GCK a Y Gd.

    hJGk d GdI Gd GEPG SC SF ek g "jR" dCb Gd GCJQ a GdI GdS a Gd Gd a e GCcj Z e, ha X fM Z GESe? aE Gd GdGY Hd GES hTOI GCe Y GdS,hHdGN H Gda hGdQG a GdI Gdhd GdUI d j GdDGH Gd, H S e e ehd GdN Gd GEd Gd GEjH,GEd e GdL hGEjH, Gfek e e ja e c Gd hNFGCe hGdSd. a GdDG: e M Gd a GCe e Gd hL HGCcj YOj Z e? hg GCe Gd j d Gd Gd GC JQS SFhGLJ GESe Gd J JGk GCh JjGk d Gd. c j d GdM Gd Y H Gdj Gde hGdCK a GdS hGd HGLGdOI Y GdS hGdYI GEd Gd, hJCS GdDS GdI d hd,a j d GCe e Gd GdR Y g Gd, hY Gd dH Gdj N GN HCcj Z Gd, GCh GdCK H eQSJ?

    81- GCNL GdQ a GdcI, H: bd Jd: ) jCd GdS GEda(, Qb: 7041, he aGCb, H: Gd Y cI GdF e Z ML, Qb: 5171

    77

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • M j GdDG H GdZ aEf S Y e c a GdDG a UZGChd, hd GdDG g Gf e e j H GEMS Hd hGdGL,a GdGL ek dhQG a gG GEWQ, a GdV e Gd YQN db fj S aOj, GEd e ea GdGL Y GdY hGdGEjH hGdY GdGf d M J GCb.

    VhQI GLO dA gG Gdd GSW GES a GdO GCNI HGfk cI JN V M GdQjGdGa, hUQ hLO fek a J GdG, hHGC Gd jGL hGbkLjGk j GCS cI LGk JhR Gdj Gdj PG GdH GdF GdOhg Gdj Gd Hd Gd hGd Gd hK Gd hGdhG HGd.. GEd bj GCc Od hGCY GCKGk PG U Hdj GESe, hQSdGd a hW Gdj, hU HCe GESe, he GES hQGA MhOGdd, hGfb d Yd H JW GdYI a c Qc e GCQc GCQV.hQH Mh Gd GELH Y gG Gd e GCS H Gf e"GdhQG" hcf J GdQG h"GdGR" hGdGQ hGdh GSFfS GCf e g j CeQ PG H, h j HA e GCbeS. GE dG Gd e GBKQ Gdf GdQI Hd Gd hHdGESe Yek e j Y eCe. hQH hGL Gd aV a GEaAf GN e Gd: aG Gd j, hPG j, hKd j GEdGCf jR a "OGQ Gd" e jR a "OGQ GES", hQGH j GdGb GdVY GdV GdH bSk jCH HdGQ GdY GdF H e hGBN, h jHk dGQ e H M JQj hGCNi, H jCH HdGY GCUd GdV HbS a Y a K M HdS. a Gd Gd dG GdGd GdW GEj Gd a Gd hGVG, hJ OhQg GddGdJ, hGd Y Hdd hGZG, hGEYb GdI GESe Y GfQ

    78

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Y f hGS hYd, haV Gd Y, hGEXQ GES H GdL YeGL GCS GdQI hGdG Gd a Ref gG.

    hGd GC e GCb Gd j GC JoGLn GE HLO Lj, je c GdGB Gdj hZjJ hb Gd heU Tj heL Gdj,hj H U e S hSI GdS a JJ dGB hJj d hcJa hGb Y GdI. hPd dQI e GdCS Hd GdJ hL Se HA j Gd GdCS H hGJ f a c Y he, Hke J GdGAG GdGCI Gd J H GdGB hGd, hJ Gd H LFb jM a H GCM Hdb Gdg H S hGCNi.

    e Gd j GSOJ e Gd GdQh?GCe Gd GdQh a e Gd db Gd Hg a - Y KGFhJY hZ hJ - b GQJ GCZ HdGb GdQj Gd Gf a, hUQ LAGe Pd GdGb H jQ J LFJ Y GC hGb GBN ej dd GdGbGdQj fYk, hdd aH e GYQ SGH aq j Gd a, hGSHhGd Y JhRg, H GCN GdQS e hGdA Y GCU Gd SY aAGCe a GdV Y GEf e GCfG, hg c HYI Gd GdU YJ GML Y Gdq HYQg SGH aq J bQG Gd hJe Gd, hJj LGf b J d H Pd, hd dCN Gdi Mae a a NC GdS Y GdH HdS GCh GLO, H dCN J GdQhSGdQ GEd K jhR GEd GCU dCN e M GCN GdH.

    d J GCF GdH d bYI a Pg JR gG GJ hJj, hg bYI" jon J GCM H Gde... ")91(hc e GCF e GEe Gda

    91- QGL: T GdGY Gd, GCM e GdQb, OGQ Gd, U722.

    79

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hZ ZhG GLOGJ hGCMe a Z Y Xf a eM e GdGMGCh a H e Gd H d GNa Y Gd GdH, M ZhG GCec GEbe,hGN Xh heG GdGb Gd cfG j a, hGN Gdb, hGNJ GLOg. hdd aE cG e Gdj a GdGg b fG Y GCPgH GEd Z e Pg GEd GCF a eF eK - GCh Jh gG - "GEf gGN Y hRe, GN M hH".)02(

    hd S QS Gd dA GCe g Gd GdI: a f HO GCe YRjQI GdQ K GCe H, hf Y GONQ d GCVM K GCP a, a: "fY RjQI GdQ ahQhg, hf Y d GCVM a K aCeG eHG d")12(. hGSA Pd hGSGhD a S QS Gd j, hGCeY JhR Gd.

    hdd a SQ GCU QS Gd Y f Gd Gdj hJCSG H, ajfG jOOh a J ahGg hGCb GEPG hLhG JG a GdGb hH efJGCSS e Gde hGd j Pd. hc e GdF Gd GCa hb HGdGTh GT H Y GEMG J W GCh c a H e c j Ha Y Y GdI hGd, hH e d j QS Gd a S, e:

    1- eG "Gd e GCNI" Gd Jh GdH eCd eGK, hd j b SQS Gd a T.2- GEdA S GdDd bH.3- Gd a b GdF.4- Y GEbe GdhO a Gd.5- GES Gd Y GdQ GdF.

    02- QGL: Gd, dQc, Hh: OGQ Gda, 8791, 8/871.12- QhG e a GdF, H: GSG Gd QH Y hL a RjQI b GCe, Qb: 779

    80

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • 6- RjOI M TQ Gd.7- Gf GEd Gdj H Y H GChdA M d GCU Gd GBN YGdU8- Jj Gdj fG H e GEH.9- Gdj a GdA.01- Gd hVd GEH.11- Gd e Jh GdH.21- GEeA Gd KK a Re Y.31- Jj GdI Y e GS GdhG H JCHG.41- J Gd.51- Gf Hdg.hLi GdH Y e e c Y GdH adG a eF H e bGdH a, he:

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    81

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hGd GdF jo UM e YI Gd - c b jg Gdh -GEPG d J eU Gdj hga hZj. GE GdO Y Gd Gdj GdFhJhR GdU jDO GEd a "H" GCh a eK d GCU GdI Gdj bGd Jd Y b dQf e Gdb a hbG a.

    adL dhR Gd GdF GdQh bF CS cI, H JHd, hGCNi H Gd.

    GCe GCS Gd aCg:GCh: d jJ H aF Gde eOQ Gdj GdJ Gdb Gd jY M GS e dj Gd; hGdJ Gd d GdOQ jHYQ GdGB Gdj GCU GCU, he Gdj, hGdQ GdCSq GdY c e SG, hGd Y c e YG Y GdQV: a GdQ GdGd hGdT Y GCM, jGC Y f, h j dQV Z. cj gG GdJ GYQ Gd Gdj eQG Hfq ee je e H GdGBd hjs hjq hjq a GdGb, dj GCSI hGdP.

    Kf: d jCN GCc aF Yd GES H GYQ "eqOG eLq" aJg Gd db Gd Hg, H YqhG Y f e GfGA Y GdG jS e NF GdSd GdJ hGCe GdL GdgI, c M fe Gdc Y Gd GdGa hGLY HQL b JM GEd Gd HQJGES Hd Gd Gd H a aI GfQ GChd.

    Kd: JCK GdA Hd GdQj GdGb GdF a YQg M GdGdhd dd, aGO a Jc fJ dV, hGHhG Y Gd GdGBfdGa, aCN Gd GdQh - a Zd - U Gdq.

    QGH: d JoR Gd Gd Gdc heU Gdj HQ c heS e cqS

    82

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Gd GdFq d, hGCYg GdH Gdfq GEd M c, GCh c b GEeGdGd: "... GEfq e Gd GdFq...")22(.

    hGCe GCS PG Gd H Gd aCg:GCh: d j Gd a JQj - H Y GdSd - Y GdA GEd HOZ GESe W d enQ GCh gH e X ehV, H cf HO GES aGdd GCQV Y he, hd J J H MhO SS ef ; aEPG VbH GCQV, GCh Gf Y S, J GEd fM GCNi e GdO GESeGd, Oh GC j HH, GCh Jj ed, GCh J Y GCM GCh f.

    Kf: d J aI GdGWn c f Gd eLOI a Gdd Gd YT aahDf GCbe, H c g f e GfA Gda dQI e, GCh GfAGdS GEd GEeGWQj e j GdQ GdF a Gdd GCh Gda, hjee Gdd a Gd HA e Gd, e GN a OQL Gde eec Gd GESf GEd Gde GESe.

    Kd: d J GEbe a H Z Gd GCU Jo Gd M GdGWn HA Yej KH, e GdO a Gd Gd, GCh GCe GEbe, GCh GdhG... H cGdGa j JF GEd eGW GEPG c jQ GCg Gd eg hKa, GCh jZj - e GS H Gd - GEPG c ed d a Pd.

    QGH: d j Gdd Gdj j T GS Gdf Gdhd GCh GdbGdHeS, Gdj ju Y c Ohd Mj QYj Gdh GCNi Gd

    22- GCf Gd a J GCU, GdGd, U 6, J e M g, Oe, 0791.hcd Gd, GdGd, 1/5H H eJ Y GCU Gd hf GEd Gd, GdgI: GdGCej, 3231g. b Gdcf a GEQTO Gd 1, U 84"hg - GC GCU Gd - j GEY GCOd Gd" hg GETQI GEd LF Gd.

    83

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Y GCQV, hee H ee GdYj GCU, GE a H GCeQ GdUGd J M GdGW Gd a.

    Ne: c e GdI g Gdd Y Gdb H GEeGWQj Gdj - Ha Gdhd GESe - af c e J GCQV GCNi "OGQ M" jRZhg hV c GCh LF GEd Gdhd Gdd, GEP e W GEeGWQj GCf J MhOG GE M J Y LT eGU GdM.

    SOS: d j ahDf GdMI GCQV Gd f Gd, M JGNGda, hJ GCe a Yd jO j hGMG. hd YTG a Yd e LQe, Jj H h Jg. a "a Gd" WZ H eGdGb jeG. he fL Gd g HA "a Gdj" H GCe a hGb ecv hfY.

    SH: c H GdA GCbe hGdCNj jh HhGg Y f eGdhe hQOI Gd Y hGb eU j Y hGb, ha gG GEWQ jGC fQ c GH J "GbA GdG Gd ed GCg Gd", hcdc "GdG a b GS GCg Gd", hc "Gd Y GSfhGSQ a GCeQ Gd HCg Gde hGdQ", hahi YA GdGF aUQ gG Gd Hj M Gd Gdf. a Gd hGdhi LA eKa GdG Gd J GCb GESe - Gd - GC J e LAG eKa Gdd, hd e Xha heqZJ.

    GCS a GChdj:GE Gdj LA d dS GCeQGk GCQH:

    GCh: GdI GCh GEj: hg GCe KH j, LA GCfA c dS HCQcdEj hGMI hKH d j a GCl e Tk. hGEPG cf H GCe b Ma

    84

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • a H eGJ, hHd hak d J ad j e g Gd Tk.hg GCQc Gd d J hd J a QSd GC QS GCh f g:GCh: GdM: hjN a JM GCdg, hJM GdHH, hJM GdhGdG he JCJ H e hM GEd, he Jb Y e Y. hGd GBNHYQ j Gdj hGdGA hJ Gd Gd. a GdS b LhDhG HGCQc Hh GSA H a Pd a H GdU Gd H Y e gGdU d GdM d.Gdf: GdGF: hGCe GdGF a eMI KH a GCUd heUg, eI aJU hJJ. hGd GCSS GC j hjO Gd Gdd Y, hGEPGM L Y ad g Gd j Pd, hj GEd LOI GdG.Kdk: Gde: HCfGY Gd c hg OGN a e Gd GdJ.hb J a GCTd hGCfGY hJU e K eUg hGCUd.QGHk: Gd hGCN: hg J a Gd, hb jGC Gd Y HJU hGCTd Y MF hKGH hhSF Gd Y.Y g GdU GCQH j Gd GEff, hj eGC Gd GEd eGEf, hjCS eGC "GS" GEd, hbYI GF GdHf dEf,heGC GHA K GdGA.hd hL Gdj NH e GdGj dEf a cf. ad eL dfGEff, hdY GEff, d Gd hGdGA Y J GCh Y JaO. hHd J GdY GC Jg GdO hOhQ, c j GdO GCjhR GdY. hY Gdi Gdj Gf GCM GEd GCM JHdY hg GCc hGCg, hGCNi J HCaGO. hb J GdY Gdie Gdj e d jCP H Gd, hJ e GCM e d jCJ e Wj GCfF.hJ H GCb eDe YLI Y GEb GdY Gdi H GCM Gd, c

    85

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • J GC JO H GCM GdY Y f hMg aR GdL GEdH GCM e jO gDA GCb YOGk e hbF hJa hbj heF.hGES b J e Gfb GChd e HA "GCe" hL g GCe fPLkhek j dj GC J Y eGd, hJ e, hJ Md.

    a Gdj eGk GEfAGk a Gd JQ hJd hHfk eek a QS GdhHfk GBN b j hb j e GLOG GChd GCe a GCe e eeGdc, he GdA GdOQj. hd j Gf hGdj H OjQGES hOjQ Zg jM HhQI HA a Cb e j GC jhLOg a NQ OjQ Gd YHGk heDbk. dd aEf d J GdL GEd HAa ej d Gdd Gd J Lg hLO GCe hcf. c d J GdLGEd HA "GCU a" j Y Pd Gd e Gd. hGdF hGdGdOj GCh GdF di J GCb J ahi GdA M GdL ejY bGY GdhQG hGdN hGdChj GdF c GCTf e b. a JRGCRe, h J GdL Gd GEd GC e Pd.

    GCe a GdO GCNI a HR g GdhQI, hHGC J e j J"HCRe" aCb Gd UQ M hGb eI a SF Gd hac GCfA GCQV Jjk. H GE OjQ GCcj Gd f b GSd aGCM GdY HdGf GdV H UQ Gd a OjQg HH GCba Gdf Gdj.

    he GdDS GC j Pd c a Y b YhD hGE c bGhD, hZahD, hfQ eh, hW Gd a, H GC cf Gdi QN eYd J J Mk d Ye GCh SF e e Jd GEd eGEVa J dDG GCS, hJd Gd GEd GCRe f Jj Gdd,hGf Gd hJChj Gdg, hahi Gd hGCf Gd.

    86

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • a Gde e H GCHA "GCb Gd" GdQ HCe, GCh GEMSHdCf. hUQ hLOg M g bk, hGE c OGFk. hQH UQhG eVT e LGf, he jjf e Z Gd: a H GC J HGd Gd YU eDe Yd bOQI hd H LF hJ Y eYIg GCb dh e g GCRe, hGSH d Gdj, hGEPG d JeJ Gd H d a GdU GEd Gd hJ GdO, a GCb ea Gdj, hGHGA Gd d GCL GCb hd H M GEd GdiGd a J GMLJ Gd hGdj.

    hM f H GdGY GCUd, hGdGY Gd GdYI a gG Gd aEffe Yfk heYI ENGf Gdj jh di a T g GCb eZ GC fY GC g GCU Te GCh fF dG Gd e Gd, d LhGLO e e, hHGj fL Sf hJd GC j Ud fa eI,hGC je GCLg. GEf S e.

    f HA GCU d GCbdd a Y hGbM Y GCg Gd L e GdOG Gd GCh"GCU" Gd fi VhQI eM e b Gd a a GCb, HYQNU gG Gd, hHYQ GC c "a" j GEd GCU GEd GC Je bGYGCU "a GCb" Y GCjj GCh GCj SGf he jCJ Hf.

    GEq Y "GCU Gd" e GCLq Y "GdU" Gd GS GCF GdeGEfL, hg c b Gd GCH Me GdGd: "Gd Gd GROh a GdhGd, hGU a GdGC hGd, aEfq jCN e U Gd hGd SGAGd...")32(

    32- GCH Me GdGd, Gd a Y GCU Gd, 1, U3, GdgI: Gd GCej, 3231g.

    87

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GE GCq gG Gd M GCSq GS GdA e GC j bYI M H "GCgGdGC hGCg Gdj" d eOI Gd H Gdj, hd j Y GCeSGA, hb JQ gG Gd hJQ, hGCKq a Hq Gd GESeq, SGA GCcf YGdU GCh GdSF, hJCK H cd, hd H GCSSq H c hVGde ha ee GEe Gda QM Gd. hb GCYqO H d a-HNQ - hd H j e GSGA JCQj hJQ hJhj gG Gd Gde hV GEe Gda QSd M Yf gG. hb N Gd H g: GCqgG Gd d j Hj c Y GdQ GE Y ei Gd hGdjhGNQ hGd hGd hfg, GCeq GEVa Gdgjq a JO Jc. YGCq GEe GdGd b GCOQL cd a OGFI Gd GdFq Gdq. hJO JGEVa Gd j GETQI GEd e Gd Gd Gdf M GCje g e ce GEe GdW Gd HQ e J GETQG hGde GdI Gd hQO aGCU f GEe Gde hGdGd hZg "eU Gdj" d e HQRG aJj gG Gd, L e Gd GH YTQ hY GdS hGdjf hjSGdd hZg a Yf gG eGf aY jO j Je Y "GCU Gd",hfL GC j gG GS, Cf d M hGS "GdU" YGCU, c GS b Y "bGY Gd Gdq" hY "Jj Gdh YGCU" hY "Gd hGd" aEf GCN GC JO Md GdO GEd gGGd, hj eO J d GdGY Gdq hGdeq, hGdM GdqhGdjq hGdq, hH GdM GdQI e Y GdGB hY Gdj, hag Gdd d j gG Gd GC j e Gd ha, h HGjGd GCh fj, H eY e eQI e Y eY, hdd aE gGGd Gd Gd Y e Y GdGR "a GES")42( H d GC jGL

    42- W gG Gd YI W GChg a e "Gd GdU" hW ek, hJL GEd GEfjhGChQOj.

    88

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hGC jCN M e Gd hGd d LAG e Gd GESe Gdq GdGd j Gf, hdDO OhQ Gd QS d GCF Gdj hVG bGYhGCUd GChd, hH QHG Gdj e, GC hg Jj Gdj, hHA GdGdq, hGEf Gd hGd GdGBf. hf a GEWQ Jcf Y HA "aGCb" GCQOf GC fV GCg Gdd GCUdq hGdOG Gdq Gd SeV Gg NU Z eg GCh e dGK GCUdq Gdq, H S YOYF, hf Y eGd GE TA Gd Jd.

    hGCU "a GCb" Jg GCOd Gd, h Th GS e, c JhR Th GLO, h GCQc Gdq GLOj, ad GCe f HdJd GC f a e, dq fj J GBdq GLO Hd GdF df heJ a e eQ hY hhSF hGCOhG, d GdI H Gdj GdGQaGd, GE TA Gd Jd. he T a GC g "GLO" g J hGEfR"eV Gd", heV Gd GCSS g a GEf a eG GSe M b gG Gd Gd J a j e Zj Gd e Gd GChjQV e GCh j, aE M Gd GEff g Gdj GCh Gf e GChGCOi GEd c a M eH eDKG a J e GS a Gdf,hj UM GdG a GBNI.

    GCeq GEPG JQV gG Gd H e GCfG GdQV e J Gdj aEfq j HHGd, hjDGN UM Y HQ e jJ Y e GBKQ S }hnbnpern GEpdn enYnpoG epr Ynnm annnrno gnnAk enroQkG| )Gdb 32(. aEPG JhR Gd GEffGdj GdqOI a ON a OGFI Gd Gdb dj e GS, jUM Gd, Gd, hGC jRi a GBNI Hd, HdG.

    adQ GCSS GEP g Gd GEff; M, hb, heOQ J,hZjJ, a Gdjq GdhQjq g GdQ GCSS dGF bj hMj, GEdq

    89

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • e hGdVq. adGF Gdhjq c b GSa JL gG Gd GEffHJ J Zj Gd e Gd GC hg "GdOI" He Gde GdGd, Gd j Y Gd YGf ha Gd GEff JMG, hY GdGEff Jc.

    hc Gd Gd OGQ M " GdI ")52(hei GdL GEd e Ye, hGdhMhO UMJ, hGdU Gdgq, hGdbF Z Gdgq, jJ HGd, Pd Gd Gd GS e Y Gdj bhf hX j e Y GEdY Oh Jb; GEf g L eBd. g j Gd GC jO hj HGd Gd, GCh dM hM GC jO Hd, GCh H e GTGc e; GdMhGd a J Pd Gd, hH Yb Hj Gd e Gd? hLG GESGCN c " H e GTGc e" a Y Gd hGCf je h jGCq e Y GBN.

    1- h"GLO" GCe a Zj GdQI, a e NU g GCeq, aEf fa Tj SH GCeG H GCh M Y, adQ Gdjq a TGF GCfA GdHcaq g GCY OQL GdQ hGCTa, a j GC JDN - a J GdGF- GE e Wj Gd e Gd Jd GEd GCfA, Gdj jf HhQg GEd GCUHGdj GE d jfG Ph ei e ej GdI a GCb e GC jfG e HGd GdH GEd, Gdj JGa a Th eq d HEe GC JGa aGEf YOq.

    c GC Gdd GdYq c j Y WH GdI hGEU hGCZ, hGdGd, hVhQI eH Gdj HS Gd, M GE TI Gdd

    52- c GdS, he GdGR Gd hGH GdGhf he GEd. QGL " Gd GESe ehJ, GEHGg ecQ: GdgI, 2891".

    90

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • eH HGQ GdG Gdq)62(, hGdA Gd jh a GQJ GCSHdq hGd e a GdSd GdJ J GN.

    2- Gdj GESeq GCh GdGF GYGak Hd GEff HEW, hGCh GdGFGYGa HC Gd GEff j GC j eQG d Gd GEff, H jGC jQS OhQ a Pd Gd. adj GBdq a eQg, Hjq a eJhg GCa hJa Gd, hdd b Jd: }dpox Lnnrn epror TprYnkhneprnLk| )GdFI 84(.3- Mh GES GC j e "GLO" Md Yq JDO HEf GEd GdGd P GdGH Gdq, NI eq eqOI heI a OGFIGEf Gd.

    4- a Yf gG UQ Gd jOh HLO, Gdf jOh H dhRhGVGH Gdj hbOg J TQ, hGde HCUd jOh H SGdV GEd GdV, hGEMF a, hd GLO Gd J ML GEd gGLO j GES hGd d Hh Ydq GES hXQ Y Gdjcq.

    hd e HA GCU GLO Gd f GEd GSQ H GdGYGdeq heM, hJj aY a "OGFI a GCb", aE hLGd a e eYI Y GEfA hM Gdb GLOj a aGCb Li GNQg a eOj GCNi, hGE a Gd Y GCL hGM,hd Sf ja SGf dR Hd, hGd Y GCLj.

    62- c g Gd a Gdj Gd Tj H GESGF Gd GJ Hdj d H GESGFheb Y GfGa H GC GCYG c e GCQGOhG.

    91

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GCh: GCU a "a dj, ha dj" GC je Y bGAI cH, hJDSY JH hJe eg a Gd hGc, hg GdM GdhAhGd Gd Gd j XGg GdLO ca, adGB j GEd Gd,hGd j hjT GEd GdGB cd.

    hgG e OYf "Hd H GdGAJ" bGAI J GdM a bGAI Gdha hGc S, hbGAI J S Gd a a GBj GdM, hZjbGAI GdM Gdq e Gd GEd GdF hGdH H Gd hGd HQ e JbQG GdQ, hGdQ a Gdd g GEf Gd J Ejf HdMha d e fM, ha dGg GdLO Gdf hS hbGf Mc e fMGCNi, a GdQ d. he Pd e hQO Y GEe Y H GCH Wd c GdhL GCf b Ye Qa GdGQ TQ ) M GE d(, "gG GdGB GEf g NeQ H Oa, j, GEf j H GdL")72(, hg GETQI e Y GdGEd b eaq NI, hg GCq Y GdS hKaJ hNGJ heQahJQH g Gd J ef GdU a JGJ GCh JqO OJ aeg GEPG d j e, hGd a gG GdO g Gd H GdGAJ hgGGd j Je GE Hd Y Gd Gdq a Mc GdGb, H JGda Gdq GdGQOI a GdGB Gd GEd bGf JQsS hj JGhd aGd Gdq H eVY, hPd H GC j e g Z Hd dhdq hehOjq Hjq, hg Z j Y Gde, hH e g Z ej H Sf hM. hg S f e GSU eOG eLq eGdGB Gd Ud dWGO hGfS cGC "GdeOa hGdYq", heGC"Gdq", hMcq Gd Gd J e Gdq Gdjq J j Y Mc

    72- QGL: JQj GCe hGd, GCH L Gd, Hh: OGQ Gd Gd, 3/011.

    92

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Gd; a j GC j g JQV H h JS h Nh Y eGd h RjOI Y; "GEP GdjOI Y Gd f".)82(

    hM f Hq "Gd H GdGAJ" f GC GCY eGJ Gd Gd OGdH; GdQ hGd Y K g:

    - GdM- Gdcq- GdG

    - adM d Jd, a Gd Gdd GdQ GdQ Gdq Gdq Ph GdhGEcG.

    - hGdcq dEf Gd Gd GCf H e Gda hGCef hGHAhGdG, h j TA e Pd Hh Gdc.

    - hGdG d Gdq d eG Gda he GHA hhYA GdG.

    hg Gd a M eU hb Mc, a JoR eU Gd e GdGd f Y f Gd, hf Y N GEf Gdi, hf Y GdO aGCQV. g GdU j GC JDN KK e, hj GC JQ Je "GdOI", GEP GC c e j eG e eg "GdOI". hb c eGdhQq GEOQG hGEHGR g GdU HYQg GdS Gd jS H GdGEffq e GdGj, hGC J GCM Gdq eq Y, heI GEd,heOI e, heqY Y. heM g GdU a "a Gd" JY e. c GCfq cf HQRI Je a a bGA GdH hGdA GdGTj,

    82- j GdGd, Gd e Y GCU Gd, U 59, GdgI: Gd GCej, 3231g, jGLcd Gd Gd Gd GCY GCNf GCSP GdcQ Y H Y Gdj GCSP GCU Gd a GdeGESe Hdj GdQI "GdjOI Y Gd" hb W a Gdj GdQI.

    93

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hHU a a Gd GCH H hY QV Gd Y hGCe Y Pd cILG; GEP GJ a hahGg HO GdF GEd Gdq H J a HVeM g Gd hGdU Gd, hJj GCM GdTI Gdq SGA GdqGCh GdFq Y. hf e Pd a c e ahi GEe Yq cq Gd hLhH ahi heGb P GdQj QV Gd Y a e hU e GBKQg hahGgcf JM g GdU Gdc HV L. hb j gG GCe HQRGk aa cQ GdH Gdj GCNhG Y hY GCUH e GdH d d HiXQ a a GdH.hd H GC hU GCe dA GdHj Gdj YG Hd hHdj HGCOd a bj Gd hGd, hGSOhG e JL Gd hGd a HAGd Gdq hJhj c Gd; J Gd hSQhG HJ GdGd e Gd hGd d: "gG hGL GCh aV, heh GCh e,hMG GCh eQ, GCh N GChd he GCh W". dH g GdHf GdG hGd GCh Gd hGd hfg hd Y Gd GCh Gd aGdd. he g MK KI a Gd hGCUd, hZH GdU GCh Gfh dM J Y j GdWq, hd HU Gd Y M H hcCfeY Y "Gdd" hg d cd.he g QGCj VhQI "GdOI GEd GCe GCh")92(hGf e GdU GdhGd Gdc d Gd GEff K GEYF GdU GdF d e cf "jGC j" GCh " j" hf Pd - c c cQ GCF jh - b T GdGEd Gdj Gdq, hGd Gdq Gd c Gde jh GEdfI Kfjq, aEq Gd a GEg GCh JhR H GCb H e JhR GdUGdGBf Gd hGd Gdc Gd cS GBjJ EQSA OYF.

    92- gG J GCH Te GdS hYG cH "GdO GEd GCe GCh" Gd f eGk V "eYGdSF Gdj".

    94

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Kf- a Gdi Gdf j Gd a ej GdU GdFI GEd Gde "GdhQj" h"GdL" h"Gd". dH HdU Gd Gd:GdM hGdcq hGdG. hg S Gd hGS GCe GdA GdOQj YGEOQG c e j J g Gdj, c a Gd GH YTQ M GCOQ"Gdj" V GdU, hcd Gd GdGd M GCOQ "GdhGI hMGEf" a GdU. hj GC f GCeQG j GC fq hV a SVhQG GCe hGChdjJ a Jj eb ha dd.

    Kd- Tq GCUd H Gd Gdj hGdq Gdjq GdI H S"HdM Gdc H Gd hGd", hSqhG H d hd SGAG aGdGB g d c Gd Jd Gdj Gd Gdi H, Gdq HhJ, Gd,Gd JR bGAJ h QhGj Hd, hg b f H QS Gd h Thd Gd M j H Gd Gd Gdd GdQ GdQ Gd Gd TA,hM j H Y hQSd TA GBN, hM j H GEf GBN a TAKd; hdd e c j GC jq H c Gd hc QSd a c JGCM HEW hOh bO GCh J, adh Gdb Gde H J HdGEW, hGE c c e UOQG Y eI hGMI. GE gG Gdj H bGCOi GEd Z di Gd a a Gdb H HV a H GCM, HYQGdGB Gd GdQ Gd dCM, hGdq Gdjq GdQ Gdq Y SGEdG. a SGAG, hGCf j GC j JQV GCh Jb H Gdu hGds. hGCqGdGB eq d H jj he Gdq Gdjq, he Y Pd c, a JhQMd hJJ H h Je. GEq Pd Gd a Jj Gdb H GCOi GEd HhRJ GCbG Gdq Hb Gd GdO H Gd hGdq, GCh e c jOOGdF e GC "Gd GCM GEd Gd e Gd GEd Gd" GCh GCf bVY)03(hZ Pd e GCbG Zq Z ed L Gdb H Gd hGdq J

    03- QGL: GdGa a GCU Gdj, dW, J: Y Gd OQGR, Hh: OGQ Gda, 4/62.

    95

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • Y GCaQ Gdq Gd "Hd hGd" Y Gdj GdGBf Gdb GdGQOa GBj: }hnGCnfndrn GEpdnrn Gducrn dponun dpsSp en foun GEpdnrpr hndnnsor jnnnsohn|)Gd 44(, }hnfnsdrn Ynnrn Gdrpnn Jprnfk dpou TnrAm hngoki hnQnMrnk hnHornidprorppn|)Gd 98(.dd aEf a GCU "a GCb" fO GC jO Gd a Jj Gdb H GdGdj hGdq Gdjq ad Gdj H GC jqQ e GCS Gd e GCbhjhGdG hGdChj, hj GC j GEd d NQ OGFI GdeS GdHqGdg, hj a d e OGN, c GS f hGEYR e OGN, hge JG GBdq dcj, hGEPG b: "GdGB Mq Ph hL")13(, ad HGEYR, hTA e ce ha, hGdjq Gd GCM e J GEd gGj gGGd - Gd Y Gde hGd hGEf- dd eJ, heJ,hjGh GCeGV, hj Y SF JhDJ.

    GCe GCOdq GCNi -YG Gd hGdq- Gd hU HdYq hGdfjq,hGd a, hGd H GCUd H GEd GCje g e j e S hGCQHOd)23(, aEf hSF H jQ a OGFI GdSF Gdq, hH jQa OhGF Gd hGd hGdChj hGd, jO H HQ e Ji QGH HdGdj hHf Gd hGdU hGd Gd.

    dd a j e GdS Jj H GdOG GdLq GdYI YbGAI Gd Gdj bGAI S Jf Hd e GdGY Gdq Y GcGdU hGEYd, hGdYI Y HA bGY GCU a GCb hGCcj GETA Gd ha j H g GdOG, d J fP d hGd YeOG GCNi:

    13- QGL: GdQ GdQ a Gd GdCKQ, GdW, Hh: OGQ Gd Gd, 0991, 1/14.23- QGL GdS a QSd a Gd hGdj.

    96

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • 1- Gd Y GdMI GdFq a GdGB)33(, hbGAJ HYQ eO dhMc, hGYQ Gdq Gdj GdOQI Y Gd J d GdGB, hJjd a hGb e, hGd GEd HYQg hMI a PGJ, eI e GdGB, Hf dhJj d a hGb fq eqO.

    2- GYG Hc Gd Gdj hGCS, hGCf bV Y e SG H aPd GCMOj hGBKQ he Y c e YG. aEPG hV Gd Gdj bYIYe - e eGC "Gd hGd" a Yb Gd Hg - hhQO GCMOj GChGBKQ jb Xgg e gG GdGC:cdGM a Gdj, GCh Y QO Gd e ZGd H GCh GCM e, j GCN H a Gd, hJDsh GCMOjhGBKQ Gd GE GCe JChtd, hJ d Gd hJj a SFGCMG.

    3- Gf GEd GC GdGB Gd b GSL JG GdG, hb H hJ ec e GCUH e Jj, hGCYO Jj eq Nd e GdGF, hPd dMGdLq djq. hPd g Jj GdGB Y eG GdqI cq hg Y,a M fCN HA e T e b, a j GC jDN GE e b GdGBHdj Y, hGd Y e L GdGM cd hGYGO H.

    4- JCe GdF a GdGB Gdj: hg Gd JH GdGb GEffq GdF HdeF)Yd Gd( hJj aI Gd hGdOa hY Gd. hPd e j eGEOQG hJ Gdb H Gd hGdOI, hH Gd Gd - hg GdGB -hGdGb GEff Gd, hJLp fY e Gd Y GdQ Gdb H GEffq

    33- QGL: e f GH g M j GCH Y GdQS "GEf U Pd C GdGB c cdQIGdGMI, hdG jc GdA a SQI hLGH a SQI GCNi f }hbdG j GCj Gd f Y GdcGEf d|hLGH }e GCf H QH H|, QGL: e Gd, GH g GCfQ,GdgI: Gd GCRgj, 7131g, U 581.

    97

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GEf a cf hH aOjq. aEf HYQ aOjq e fq, hg HYQGEffq e cf e. he g aE bj heJ H GC JM aSF GdGf, hJH Hdj hGdU hGd.

    5- Gf Cg Gdj Gdef hGdf a cfq Gd GEff. aGdf Gdef GCc GdGB Pd Gd H Y Jj GCT HK Y TGhe GdA asg LAG e Gdj Gdq. ha Gdf Gdf L d GCQVeqe hGCQV eqS, hGCQV d cd a g Hde h HdS. hagG GEWQ j GC J aI GeGO GEf e N GBO hMGA M ONGd GCh GdQ hGdP Hd. GEq Pd GeGO g Gd jH H cfq GdGB hcfqGEf, hj ck e U: "GEW" GdS d.

    6- Gf GEd hLO e bGBf ce a GdGB hj Gd GdGBf hGdSH GBj hGdQ H JJ heDTG Y bGY GdK a Kj GdGdj, hGCq GEf bOQ Ha Gd Y hL Y Gd Y bGY Pd Gd,dY a Jj Y GdGJ hJT Mc a GdI. c GCq g GdGY PGJj GC J bGf J Gd GdVY e GdhP hGdhO hGdChGfG, hgG Gd GdGBfq j GC jLp bYI ec d HGd JYg Y Gdh e OhGF g Gd GdGJ GdF Y eqJ GBHA hJGK, he j Pd e eq bq j Gd GdGBf GCjL e GEd Gd GSd GCh Gdgf Gd J ML Gd GdGEd.

    7- GdG Hd GdGBf dGa: aCQV d hGES Oj, hc H g "OGQGES" Hd a GdGb GdV, GCh "OGQ GES" HdI a Gd GBJ.hGdj c "GCe GES": a GEe "GCe e" b GY gG Gdj, GCh "GCe OYI"f ee HdL GEd dd. adS e H "GCe GELH, hGCe OYI".

    98

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • 8- GYQ Ydq Gd GdGBf: ad GdGBf jd NH GCfAGdH Gd cf NH GUFq eqL GEd GCe eI GCh bi eQI.GCeq Gd GdGBf a JQq e GdS GEd YJ GCbH, GEd GC Gdihe Md, Kq GEd Gd GCeq cq, Kq GEd Gdd cq)43(. hHd UQ gGd GdM Gd j GC jGL Gdd Gddq GdGgq. GEq GCq N jLGEd Yd Gd H GC j Y bGY GEff hb ec, hGC j eq,GC NH bF Y bGY VH d GdVY. hd g c YhL GCQV j GC ja g Gdh GE GdGB Gd PGJ.

    9- Gdb a GdGb GdJ HcJ Gd HYQ eQG dZ GdDGhGET Gdq, GCh "J Gd" c j GCbe hJj hJ. hed jo gG GdGb HcJ cq aEfq e GdQ UZ GET Gdq HeF H j Gdg H GEd QM GdGB Gdj dj hGSb GdG.a Gd Gdq c GdGb j GdDG aq GdM HdG; GCeq a YfgG aEq GdM H GCjj, hf GEd GC f UZ GETdqJ hGCS dgH GEd GdGB Gdj hfq GdG Y, hf e Sq GdS aGdj heq GdH H Gd Gd hGdGb Gd Gdq fY hcv.

    01- OQGS GdGY GCUdq H JU ha ee eU Gdj,hGdGY Gd, hPd a ehd dSOI H a UZ hHQI GCU eOa GCb GdU. hH e J GdQGS dU, hQH Hd GdGdc, heM Gdh Gdb H eU GdQ heU Gd, hhVc e eV.

    11- GEbGQ HC a GdQh d eLk fFk di GCh UZ Gd a eg GCeQ, H g SGH a Gdi ha GdA j GSS H hGSU

    43- j: QSd Gda, J GCM Tc, GdgI: OGQ GdG, 2891.

    99

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • e hGdA Y e j GdA Y e. aE hoL a c GCbe ejS GdGb, hjQ Qh Gd hJ Y GCUd hbGY GSDf H - JCcGdGU hGSGQj H GCL GCe - Oh GC joa GEd ei Gd GdY GChjDK a OhQ, GCh j ai eH a Gd Gdhnd. h ZV GEPG c S j LGHk ETd d jg, hhbF d J d Y H ebjf GdUI.

    21- GNQ g GCU a Gd Gd fGhd a GdGb Gd, a Maq GCK a GdGb b j GEjHq GEPG c GSU Gdi e eQ GdjhJ ha dGY eq VH, hb j N a GC ei e Gdj,a GCK GdJ Y Gdi GCh Y Gd a GdGb GCKG Sq, aeGL dCc hGdj. hHd J Yq GS GCM hJj GdhiYQI Y L eGU H Gd hGdGb, adGb e j GC jq d eAeGdi GCh Y eAe, GCh e b jJ Y e M. hHd j GC jQa GEWQ "a GCb" hGCUd "a GdGRf" h"a GChdj" h"a GdB"h"a GdGb".

    31- GE Gd Hj "a GCb" H d e GdQI a e Gde eGd hGd, cJ hLFJ H j bOQGk Y GdU GEd Gdd GdFa GdCd, Oh Z GCh JhR d GCh Gdd Gd GCh JQV H GdhGdF. h T GC Y eU Gdj hJj Gdh Y GCU hGdGYGd hGd hGdh GEVa GEd Y GCU Gd GELk J eGQO GCSS j Y d g GdQI. d Gd a ML eS GEd Jj GdGYhGdSF GCSS Gd j GSOI H a GdCd GdhM Y. Y GCg bGY YjI Jc GCUd d Hg Oh GC jYG Y cGk dGEMS HdL GdS GEd Gdj GdGF Y a YQg N GdFhGET, GEVa GEd Na hMQg Gdj e GC j aA Gd

    100

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • EVA GdY Y e jj GdW ag GdA a LF ehOIJak dd a Yg e Gd GEd GdF. hH g GdGY e LGkd GCb GEPG GS GdU GEd, hOQGS hGEYd H Pd a Ja YLGk cGk hJ d GCHGHk hGS, he Y S Gd:

    - "GYQ Gdd hOQA GdS" hg GdYI Gdg Gd GQL GEe Gd HY Gd Gd c GEd)53(, hGdd hGdS a e GCb ha gGGd ji Jjg hak dBQGA hGdCe hGfY GCh Gd GCh GdSY e a, H H e GSOI e Gd GLY GdUI dj gGCeQ H eS hJj e g e he g eI H S hOb;d GdA GCcA H Pd a J J GCeQ hejJ Hj GdGB GdhHfJ hJJ a Gd Gdj GdI hGd a GdGH GdQj GE c dSGH GCh fF hGEYF Gd GdY GdS. hg GdYI GCh GCUGS e GBj cj cI, Y S Gd bd Jd: }Nnnn dnor en apGCnQrVp Lnpk| )GdI 92( hSF GBj Gd Gdd hGd hGShGHA, hM Gd hJj GdF. c J d Gd Gd hGdDcId LA a GdGB Gd e GBj hg cI LGk. dd GY GdA gGdYI bYI Le c b HhW Gd GCTf GEd. hg e GdPGCSS a Ja hJGN Gd hGdQ GLY e Gd hGdQGd. hJ Y bGY cI GCNi, e "OQA GdS e Y LGdd" hbYI "e GCe, GCh GdY J Y ed GCaGO GEPG hbGdQV H" hbYI "Jj Gdd GdGF Y Gdd Gda GdDb"hbYI "jR a j J e jR a j J" hbYI "j aGdhG hGSGQ e j a GHGA" he bYI "GdhR Y J H Gdi"

    53- j GCT hGdF, dW, Hh: OGQ Gd Gd, 3891, U 7, 8.

    101

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • hbYI "Gdh Yak cdh TWk" hbYI " YI Hd Gd ND"hbYI "j a GdSF e j a GdU" hbYI " j Gd ahGEf j Gd Y" GEd bGY cI GCNi j GC JQ J GBGdh hGdF GdF GEPG GL eY e GdA a eGd, hOQS g GdGY, he j GC j Y, GCh j Y eeF.

    - hg bYI GCNi O GdGB Gd Y hH Gd Gdj GdIef hTk e JJ, hg bYI " VQ h VGQ" hg a LJ, GC GEf jd H hb GCh GEj GdQ Y f GCh ed GCh GCTA e VhQGJ GCh MLJ, GCh JJ. c GCf d d GEVGQ H, GCh GEjGdQ Y Gd a GC TA e Pcf. hb Od Y GETQG c GBjGd Hd, hY GYGA, hM GdhQj hGdL GEff, hbdJd: }hn JnrnohG GEps Gdsn jopt Gdrornpjn| )GdI 091( hbd Jd: }anJnrpoG apps GCnfronor|)GdH 63( hbd Jd: } Jnrpon hn Jornon|)GdI 972(. c LA Gd e d a GdGB a gG Gd, a YGdI hGd " VQ h VGQ")63(hb JY Y eY e GdGY,e "GdQ jG" h"GdhQG J GdQG" h"e GCH dhQI jQHQg" h"Gd J Gd" h"J GEe Y GdY e Hd"h"Qa Gd" h"GCN HCN" a g GdGY)73(GEPG GCOQ Gd eGQcheGQOg hGL d aA jQc g GdGf hGCYf Y YA GLYe J e aE Pd S j Y Gd NQ Gd

    63- QhG ed a GCb, H GdA a Gda, Qb 1641. hGH eL a GCM, H: e Ha M e j HQ, Qb 1432.73- j a g GdGY: GdW, GCT hGdF. GH f, GCT Y GdF. e GdQb,T GdGY Gd.

    102

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • GdGa GESe GCeQg, hj Y GC jG MI GESe W hJeJ H W Oh Jb GCh JQV e Gd Gd j HXGf. aCU a Gdj Gd, hhV GEU hGCZ: a M aGd GCh a GdB ea, hf a ML GEd GC f Gd H e g MhH Gd Gd Gd JM Gd YOI.

    GCe Gd GdGBf Gd j GC J Y GCPg GdA aGOi GCh ea: GdM, Gdc, GdG.

    41- GC c e N Gd, d ek, hdO GfYk.51- GCU M Gd GE e GS.61- GCU Jj GdF GE e GS.71- GCU Mc Gd a j GC Od Hdj NQ OGFI Mc.81- GCU N GdI HJ Gd Sf e H Y Gd a f hQS jCJ H, he GCOY Z Pd a cP.

    91- GCU GCf e d Gd ek, a J GCj OYi d GCh Jj aGdGB, aJ L TCf e S a cf hN d J d Jjk }hnGEpPnG JornYnnrpr GBjnJon Hnunm bnn Gdspjn jnrLon dpnAnfn GFrp HporGBm Znrp gnnG GCnhr Hnudro bor enjnoo dp GCnr GCoHnudno epr JprnAp fnrp GEpr GCnJspo GEp en joMn GEpdns GEpfu GCnNno GEpr YnnroQnHu YnnGn jnrm Ynpm| )jf 51( } Jnrpjn dpnpnp Gdsp| )jf 46(.02- GCU a Gdj GESe Gd, hhV GEU hGCZ, a MGCh e jDO GEd a g Gdj ea.

    12- GCU a GEf Gdj a j h j, h j h J dMe e Gde, GCh j d Y GCh jDPi a f GCh L GE Hd TY.

    103

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • 22- GSQ Gd e Gd }hnGEpPr GCnNnn QnHtn epr Hnp GBOnn epr XooQpgpr PoQujsnorhnGCnTrnngor Ynn GCnfoppr GCndnro HpnHuor bndoG Hnn Tnprfn GCnr JnodoG jnrn Gdrpnenp GEpfscos Ynr gnnG Znappn| )GCYG 271(.32- GS GEd dEf hJ GdG d }hnGEpPr bnn QnHtndprnFpnp GEpfu LnYpl ap GCnQrVp Nnpnk bndoG GCnJnrno apn enr jorpo apn hnjnrpoGduenAn hnfnro fonuo Hpnrpn hnfonuSo dnn bnn GEpfu GCnYrno en Jnrnon| )GdI03(.42- GF GEd dEf hOJ }GEpfs YnnVrn GCnenfnn Ynn GdsnnGphnGCnQrVp hnGdrpnp anCnHnrn GCnr jnrprnn hnGCnTrnrn eprn hnMnnnn GEpfrno GEpfso cnnXnoek Lno| )GCMG 27(.52- GCU Y Gd GE Hd }hnGEpPr GCnNnn QnHtn epr Hnp GBOnn epr XooQpgprPoQujsnor hnGCnTrnngor Ynn GCnfoppr GCndnro HpnHuor bndoG Hnn Tnprfn GCnr JnodoG jnrnGdrpnenp GEpfs cos Ynr gnnG Znappn|)GCYG 271(.62- GCU a Gd GHA }hndnr TnAn Gdso dnnnnor GCoesk hnGMpnIk hndnprdpnroncor ap en GBJncor| )GdFI 84( }Gdsp Nnnn Gdrnrn hnGdrnnIn dpnroncor GCnjtorGCnMrno Ynnk hngon Gdrnpjo GdrnoQo|)JQ 2(.72- GdGA }Kos jornGo GdrnnGAn GCnhran|)Gd 14( }LnnGAk Hpn cnfoG jnrnon|)GdGb 42(.82- GCU g Gd hGd: a Y a GC M }QnHsn en Nnnrn gnnG HnWpSornfnn|)GB YG 191( }GCnannpror GCnfsn Nnnrncor Ynnk hnGCnfsor GEpdnrn JorLnon|)GdDe 511(.92- GEU }GEpr GCoQpjo GEp GEpUrn en GSrnnro hnen Jnrapp GEp Hpdsp YnnrpJnncsro hnGEpdnrp GCofpo| )gO 88(.

    104

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • 03- GCU g GdF }hnen Nnnro Gdrps hnGEpfn GEp dpnroohfp|)GdGQj 65(a e d h d Zj d.

    13- GCU: M Gd GE e GS, hJj GdF GE e GS }Gdspjnjnspon GdsSon Gdsps GCoeus Gdsp jnpohfno enroHk Yprngor ap GdsrQnGIp hnGEpfppjnCreoogor Hpdrnrohp hnjnrngor Ynr Gdronp hnjopt dnor Gdsunp hnjonuo YnnrprGdrnnFpn hnjnno Ynror GEpUrngor hnGCnZrn Gdsp cnfnr Ynnrpr andspjn GBenoG HpphnYnsQoho hnfnnoho hnGJsnoG GdtQn Gdsp GCofpn enno GCohrdnpn gor Gdrorpon| )GCYG751( }hnbnr ansn dnor en Mnsn Ynnror| )GCf 911(.

    GCS Gdi GdhQj:d Mhd M "GCS Gdi" Gd Y Gd GSQg e SF e J ebGY hGCU Y Gd a GCj eCd MOK e eF GCb dDc Y GC eji d a "a GCb" j GEd GdCe a g GCS Gdi Gdjg gG GdV, d J Gd hJ, hj M Gd Jd aGdV e GS, he g GCS:

    1- c j GCHA GCbq Hb J GdU H hGd e GBNj YGdDGd: e f? hePG fj dfG Y hY J He gj?

    2- e g W Gd GdS Gd J "GCbq" a X? GCg OjGW GChQGK GC Yj?

    3- e g W GCcjq Gd J GCbq H, GCg GCcjq e J HeY Gd hGdO hY GdZ a QhDj GBNj j HUJ GChj H? GC g GCcjq J Y J JGR e J bGY eQhSJ Vf dCbq hNUJ? he M J Gdf? he g GBdJ hGd Y?

    105

    H : GC. O. W LH GdGf

  • 4- e M g GCbq Gd jGO Gd Gd d Y Gdj Gd:Gdjq hGdaq hGbOj hGdSq?

    5- e g W GdGN GdT H GCWG Gd? g JGN GCbq eGCcjq a GdGQO hGdY hGd