generic analytical model for mobile networks management in ip-based networks dipl.-ing. ali diab...
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Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 1
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Generic Analytical Model for Mobile NetworksDr.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 1
Generic Analytical Model for Mobile Networks
Dr.-Ing. A. Diab
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 2
Outline
• Introduction
• Case Study: Mobility Management– Overview– Generic Model– Evaluation Metrics– Example– Performance vs. Cost
• Conclusions
• References
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 3
Introduction
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 4
Motivation
• Future mobile communication networks– Heterogeneous networks– Wide deployment and large variety of new applications– Ubiquitous access to information, usage of services, etc.– More dynamic in terms of changing topologies, access technology, etc.
• Lots of challenges to overcome– Efficient mobility management– Guarantee of Quality of Service (QoS)– Securing of communication links and content– Service placement– ….
• New developed mechanisms/protocols should be evaluated, how?
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 5
Which Evaluations Types Do We Have?
• Functional Evaluation– Prototypes to check if the scheme developed performs correctly as it
has to do– SDL, UML, FSM, etc.
• Performance Evaluation– Estimate how good/bad/expensive is your scheme– Mathematical models– Simulations– Real testbeds
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 6
Performance Evaluation Steps
Mathematical analysis Simulation Implementation
• Developed fast
• Low development
cost and good
approximation of
the performance
• Model for each
protocol/Scheme
under study
• Takes long time
• High development
cost, but detailed
evaluation
• Detect errors in the
design before the
real implementation
• Longer time than
by simulation
• Very high
development cost,
but the most
detailed evaluation
• Test of real
applications
Try to develop a generic model to handle the issue you are studying
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 7
How to Model in a Generic Way
• Define the main components (key stones) of the issue under study– Network topology– Mechanism/protocol– The dynamics– …
• Model each component alone– Generalize the characters of each component– Model it so that physically existing components can be mapped to the
modeled one
• Determine the evaluation metrics and calculate them
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 8
Case Study: Mobility Management
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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Access Router (AR)
AR
Corresponding Node (CN)IP-based network
Home Agent (HA)CN
Overview - Mobile IP Version 6 (MIPv6)
Periodic Router Advertisements (RAs)
Mobility support; use of two IP addresses (Home Address (HoA) & Care of Address (CoA))
AR
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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AR
CNIP-based network
HACN
Overview - Mobile IP Version 6 (MIPv6)
Binding Updates (BUs)/Binding Acknowledgments (BAs)
AR
During the handoff no communication is possible
AR • Listen to a RA message
• Configure a new CoA
• Duplicated address detection
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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IP-based networkCN
Overview - Mobile IP Version 6 (MIPv6)
CNHA
AR
AR AR
Route optimization
Triangular routing
Inadequate for real-time applications• Triangular routing• Encapsulation overhead• Long handoff latency
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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Overview - Improvement Principles
IP-based network IP-based network
HA
IP-based network
Gateway Gateway
AR
Micro-mobility: local processing of mobility(intermediate node(s), hierarchical topology)
Local processing can be in • Gateway (HMIP)• Crossover router and/or old
AR (AFA, CIP, HAWAII)• Certain servers/proxies in the
domain (BCMP)
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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Overview - Improvement Principles
IP-based network IP-based network
HA
IP-based network
Gateway Gateway
AR
Macro (global) mobility (MIP)
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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Overview - Improvement Principles
IP-based network IP-based network
HA
IP-based network
Gateway Gateway
AR
Detection of a layer 2 trigger (FMIPv6) start the handoff in advance
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 15
Generic Model – Main Components
• Main components– Network topology– Mobility model– Mobility management protocol
IP-based network
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 16
Generic Model – Network Topology
IP-based network
Gateway (GW)
Mobility Router (MR)
Mobility Agent (MA)
HACN
Mapping of a given network topology to a generic one (which nodes are MAs, MRs, etc.?)
D MA,MR
D MR,GW
D GW,CN
D HA,CN
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 17
Generic Model – Mobility Model
IP-based network
Gateway (GW)
Mobility Router (MR)
Mobility Agent (MA)
HACN
1PMR nPMR
PGW∑=n
nPMRR
PGWG =
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 18
Generic Model – Mobility Model
MA1
MA4 MA3
MA8
MA5
MA7 MA6
MA9
5,1P
1,5P
2,1P
1,2P
9,1P 4,1P9,2P2,9P 5,3P
4,9P 3,4P
8,9P6,4P
4,6P7,9P9,7P
8,7P
7,8P
3q
4q9q
6q8q
7q
1q
5q2qMA2
iq Probability that the MN switches in the range of iMA
Transition probabilities
⎥⎥⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢⎢⎢
⎣
⎡
=
zzzz
z
PPP
PPP
P
,2,1,
,12,11,1
....................
...
]...[21
0Z
qqqQ =
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 19
Generic Model – Mobility Model
PQQ nn *1 =+
]...[lim21 Z
n
nPPPQQ ==
∞→
The probability that the MNwill stay in the range of eachMA at the steady state of thesystem
∑∑ ≠∈=j
njjii
njiandMRIjiwherePPMRP )(,*)( ,
∑=
=ϑ
1
)(n
nMRPR
The probability that thecrossover router is
nMR
RG −=1
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 20
Generic Model – Protocol Operation
IP-based network
GW
MR
MA
HACN
Anchor Point (AP) New MAOld MA
Binding Update node (BUnode)
• Mapping of a given mobility protocol to a generic one
• Calculate evaluation metrics for the generic protocol
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 21
Generic Model – Protocol Operation
][ANPGWMAMRMAHAGWMR
JJJJJJB−−
=
The probability that the MNupdates its binding at the GW
the probability that the MNupdates its binding at the oldor new MA when thecrossover router is the GW
]0000[ GRB= The protocol updates is binding at the MRand GW (e.g. HMIP)
]00000[ GRB += The protocol updates is binding at the HA(e.g. MIP)
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 22
Generic Model – Evaluation Metrics
• Performance Evaluation– Average handoff latency– Average expected number of dropped packets
• Cost Estimation– Location update cost– Packets delivery cost– Total cost
• Take into account that they have to be computed for eachBUnode
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 23
Generic Model – Evaluation Metrics
• Calculation of the handoff latency– Handoff latency vector
– Average handoff latency
][ANPGWMAMRMAHAGWMR
TTTTTTT−−
=
The handoff latency when theBUnode is a MR
The handoff latency when theBUnode is an ANP
1* −= TBTavr
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 24
Generic Model – Evaluation Metrics
Movementdetection time
Number of messagesexchanged on thewireless link
How many times theMA processeshandoff controlmessages
Delay on the link(between the current MAand the BUnode)
Processing timerequired to processa control messagein the MA
Number of IntermediateNodes (InNode)
InNode is a node thatsupports mobility anddifferent from the MA,MR, GW, HA and ANP
Protocol-epecificextra latency
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 25
Generic Model – Evaluation Metrics
][ APGWMAMRMAHAGWMR JJJJJJB −−= Probability per BUnode
][ APGWMAMRMAHAGWMR TTTTTTT −−= HO latency per BUnode
1* −= TBTavr Average handoff latency
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 26
Generic Model – Evaluation Metrics
• Calculation of the average number of dropped packets– Packet dropping vector
– Expected average number of dropped packets per handoff
][ANPGWMAMRMAHAGWMR
LPLPLPLPLPLPLP−−
=
Expected Number of droppedpackets when the BUnode isthe GW
1* −= LPBLPavr
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 27
Generic Model – Evaluation Metrics
• Expected number of dropped packets on downlink
• Expected number of dropped packets on uplink
λ*00
))T(t)t((tLPlinkBUnodeBUnode
−−+=
The time, atwhich thehandoff starts
The time, at whichthe BUnode isinformed
Delay betweenthe old MA andthe BUnode
Packetsarrival rate
λ*BUnodeBUnode
TLP =
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 28
Generic Model – Evaluation Metrics
Tanik
akaktktkttS
itimer
SInNode
BUnodeMABUnodecurrentMA,MAMNBUnode
∑=
−+++
++++Δ=
2
)2(''6
'5
'44,3
*2**
****
γ
Number of messagesexchanged on thewireless link (requiredto notify the BUnode)
Number of messages exchangedbetween the current MA and theBunode (required to notify theBUnode)
How many times, theBUnode processescontrol messages inorder to get notified
Protocol-epecificextra latencyduring the Bunodenotifying procedure
To consider dropping of control messages
S: number of times, the message istransmitted (> 1)
: Time to wait before retransmission T
timer
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 29
Generic Model – Example
Current AR
AR
CN
IP-based network
HACN
Layer3-Frequent HandoffRegion (L3-FHR)
MN’s specific data (soft states)
• Mobile IP FastAuthentication protocol(MIFA)
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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Generic Model – Example
CN
IP-based network
HACN
Layer3-Frequent HandoffRegion (L3-FHR)
MN’s specific data (soft states)
Old AR
New AR
• Mobile IP FastAuthentication protocol(MIFA)
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 31
Generic Model – Example
CN
IP-based network
HACN
Old AR
New AR
BU/BA
UL
DL
BU: Binding UpdateBA: Binding Acknowledgement Hn_Not: Handoff Notification Hn_Ack: Handoff Acknowledgement M_P_Not: Movement Probability Notification
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 32
Generic Model – Example
CN
IP-based network
HACN
Old AR
New AR
BU/BA
UL
DL
BU: Binding UpdateBA: Binding Acknowledgement Hn_Not: Handoff Notification Hn_Ack: Handoff Acknowledgement M_P_Not: Movement Probability Notification
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 33
Generic Model – Example
IP-based network
GW
HA
CN
MR
MA
2 Hops
2 Hops
5 Hops
3 Hops
4 Hops
5 ms
• Delay on wireless links: 2 ms
• Layer 2 handoff: 50 ms
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 34
Generic Model – Example
MA1
MA4 MA3
MA8
MA5
MA7 MA6
MA9
25.0
1
25.0
5.0
25.025.05.025.0 1
25.0 5.0
25.0 5.0
125.05.0
5.0
1
MA2
• R = 0.75• G = 0.25
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 35
Generic Model – Example
Assumed topology
CN
IP-based network
HA
CN
Old MA
New MA
UL
BU
BA
• Handoff latency on uplink
BUnode is the new MA
]00000[ GRB +=
]00000[MRMA
TT−
=
Two messages areexchanged on thewireless link
is 21κ
The new MA mustprocess the BUmessage
is 1'1κ
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 36
Generic Model – Example
Assumed topology
CN
IP-based network
HA
CN
Old MA
New MA
BU
• Handoff latency ondownlink
BUnode is the old MA
]00000[MRMA
TT−
=
One messages areexchanged on thewireless link
is 21κ
Two messages areprocessed
is 2'1κ
two messages areexchanged on thewired link
is 22κ
]00000[ GRB +=
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 37
Generic Model – Performance vs. Cost
• Separate evaluation of performance and cost• Most cases
– Performance gain through increase in cost• Better
– Consider all performance and cost metrics• Question
– Which gain for which cost?• Mostly:
– From the provider’s point of view. However,– From user’s point of view is possible
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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Generic Model – Performance vs. Cost
[ ]hPer fxfxfxMx ...21=Performance matrix:
Number of performancemetrics
Protocol
[ ]hPer gpgpgpG ...21=Performance gain matrix:
100*)(100i
ii fb
fagp −=
[ ]hPer fwfwfwF ...21=Importance matrix:
1* −= PerperPer GFGainPerformance gain (A compared to B):
Performance metric for x
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 39
Generic Model – Performance vs. Cost
Cost matrix:
Number of cost metricsProtocol
Cost gain matrix:
Importance matrix:
Cost gain (A compared to B):
[ ]gCost CxCxCxMx ...21=
[ ]gCost gcgcgcG ...21=
100*)(100i
ii Cb
Cagc −=
[ ]gCost cwcwcwF ...21=
1* −= CostCostCost GFGain
Cost metric for x
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 40
Generic Model – Performance vs. CostC
ost g
ain
Maximumperformance andminimum cost
Network provider upgrades from MIPv6 to MIFAv6
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 41
Conclusions
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
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Conclusions
• Development of generic mathematical models is significantlyencouraged
• Define the main components you need, model them and model theevaluation metrics
• Consider the relation between performance and cost• A certain protocol may be
– faster, better, etc.– …– The upgrade to this protocol may not be good for the network provider
or even for the user (the existing network topology for example notadequate for the protocol)
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 43
References
Integrated Communication Systems Groupwww.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Management in IP-Based NetworksDipl.-Ing. Ali Diab
Page 44
References
• A. Diab, „Mobility Management in IP-Based Networks: Analysis, Design, Programming andComputer-Based Learning Modules“, Doctoral thesis, Ilmenau University of Technology, 2010.
• A. Diab, F. Liers, A. Mitschele-Thiel, “Performance Analysis of Mobility Management ProtocolsUsing a Generic Mathematical Model”, in the proceeding of the 10th ACM/IEEE InternationalSymposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems (MSWiM’07),Greece, October 2007.
• D. Johnson, C. Perkins, J. Arkko, “Mobility Support in IPv6”, RFC 3775, June 2004.
• H. Soliman, C. Castelluccia, K. El-Malki, L. Bellier, “Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 Mobility Management(HMIPv6)”, RFC 4140, August 2005.