GENETIC DISEASES & DISORDERSFEBRUARY 27, 2012

DO NOW…WRITE OUT EACH QUESTION….1. ______________ is the process that occurs after

transcription of the DNA into RNA and the message is read to create proteins.

2. What is the process by which DNA is read and a corresponding strand of RNA is created?a. Translationb. Transcriptionc. Replicationd. Mutation

3. Write out the corresponding DNA code that would be created during replication of this strand:ATT CGA TTA CCA GTA CAT GTA

ANNOUNCEMENTS• Turn in your parent letters• Turn in the Microbiology Test Assignment.

• I am not making you another copy. If you need another one, please use the WIKI (under class documents) and print it from home or write out the answers on a sheet of paper.

• Notebook Check on Friday• The last notebook check was very eye-opening. Please

be prepared for this one.• Class Poll: Would you like to have a crate in class for the

option to leave your notebooks in every day?• Teacher Assistant Sign-Up on Science Superstars Board

AGENDA FOR TODAY:• Review of Mutations

• What is a mutation? Is it a good thing or a bad thing?

• Benefits to Mutations• Disorders & Diseases associated with Genetic Mutations

• Three Levels• Notes & Short Videos

• Group Assignments• Disease Stations:

• Sickle Cell Anemia• Huntington’s Disease• Down’s Syndrome• Klinefelter’s Syndrome

REVIEW FROM FRIDAY• A mutation is any change in the DNA.

• The change can be beneficial, detrimental, or have no effect.• In other words, the change can be Good or Bad. It may not have

any affect

• The mutation may have a small or large effect.• Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3

MUTATIONS are not what we think of from Sci-Fi/Horror Movies!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqvYOr78THo&feature=related

BENEFICIAL MUTATIONSBeneficial Mutations:• Provide Genetic Variation• Allow species to Adapt to the Environment & Conditions• Mutations are what have allowed the Earth to have the variety of

life we have today• Part of the “engine” of Evolution—(it’s what drives evolution)

EXAMPLES:• Mutations have allowed organisms to evolve from unicellular to

multicellular organisms• Development of the Human Thumb

MUTATIONS THAT CAUSE DISEASE

Often a mutation can cause disease.

Genetic Diseases can be classified in three levels.

LEVEL 1 MUTATIONSLevel 1: Single-Gene Disorders

Result when a mutation causes the protein product of a single gene to be altered or missing.Ex: Sickle Cell Anemia, Cystic Fibrosis, & Huntington’s Disease

LEVEL 2 MUTATIONSLevel 2: Chromosomal Abnormalities

Entire Chromosomes (or large segments of them) are missing, duplicated, or otherwise altered.

Ex: Down’s Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome

LEVEL 3 MUTATIONSLevel 3: Multifactorial DisordersResult from mutations in multiple genes, often coupled with environmental causes

EXAMPLES: Colon Cancer, Breast/Ovarian Cancer, Alzheimer’sBefore we head to our stations, lets watch a video about mutations that

cause Ovarian & Breast Cancer:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bGkUQBw1Rs&feature=related

STATIONSWe will be visiting stations today that talk about some of the most well-known Genetic diseases.There are eight stations covering four different diseases. The class will be split into groups that cover the front wall and back wall. Each group has been assigned 2-3 members.

You will read the short article provided and answer the questions posted at each station on your group activity sheet. This will be graded for participation.

You will have approximately 8 minutes at each station. You will move to the station with the next number up.

1 2 3 4 1

3-2-1 EXIT TICKETYou will need to complete this before you will be allowed to leave class.

Three things you learned todayTwo things you are still confused aboutOne thing you would like to know more about