genetic evaluation and index changes. ha-usa fertility index fertility index =.64 x pta daughter...
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Genetic Evaluation andIndex Changes
HA-USA Fertility Index
Fertility Index = .64 x PTA Daughter Pregnancy Rate (DPR).18 x PTA Cow Conception Rate (CCR).18 x PTA Heifer Conception Rate (HCR)
Cow Conception Rate
• Lactating cow’s ability to conceive.• Percentage of inseminated cows that become
pregnant at each service. • PTA CCR of 1 implies that daughters of this bull
are 1% more likely to become pregnant as lactating cows than daughters of a bull with PTA CCR of 0.
• Higher PTA values are better.
Heifer Conception Rate
• Maiden heifer’s ability to conceive.• Percentage of inseminated heifers that
become pregnant at each service. • PTA HCR of 1 implies that daughters of this
bull are 1% more likely to become pregnant as growing heifers than daughters of a bull with PTA HCR of 0.
• Higher PTA values are better.
Daughter Pregnancy Rate
• Percentage of non-pregnant cows that become pregnant during each 21-day period.
• Calculated from days open using a non-linear formula.
• Combination of how quickly the cow resumes cycling after calving, how strongly she expresses estrous and her conception rate.
• Higher PTA values are better.
Multi-Trait Fertility Evaluations
DPR CCR HCRDPR 1.00CCR 0.86 1.00HCR 0.36 0.45 1.00
Fertility as a heifer is a different trait than fertility as a cow.
These 3 traits are evaluated simultaneously in 1 evaluation.
Genetic correlations are used to allow DPR records to contributeto CCR evaluations and improve their reliability and vice versa.
Fertility Trait Genetic Correlations
7HO8081 Planet
FitnessSomatic Cell Score 3.04 99% RelProductive Life +5.6 99% RelDaughter Pregnancy Rate -1.1 99% RelHeifer Conception Rate +1.6 99% Rel 28,240 DtrsCow Conception Rate +1.3 99% Rel 29,830 Dtrs
33,124 Dtrs
7HO10849 Shamrock
Fitness
33,124 Dtrs
Somatic Cell Score 2.86 99% RelProductive Life +6.3 94% RelDaughter Pregnancy Rate +2.3 97% RelHeifer Conception Rate +4.2 96% Rel 6,375 DtrsCow Conception Rate +5.2 96% Rel 3,017 Dtrs
4,113 Dtrs
7HO11402 Tavir
FitnessSomatic Cell Score 3.02 86% RelProductive Life +3.2 82% RelDaughter Pregnancy Rate +0.1 76% RelHeifer Conception Rate +1.6 67% Rel 75 DtrsCow Conception Rate +1.8 74% Rel 35 Dtrs
72 Dtrs
HA-USA Fertility Index
Fertility Index = .64 x PTA Daughter Pregnancy Rate (DPR).18 x PTA Cow Conception Rate (CCR).18 x PTA Heifer Conception Rate (HCR)
Correlation between DPR and Fertility Index = 98%
HA-USA Feed Efficiency Index
Feed Efficiency Index =Dollar Value of Milk Produced- Feed Costs for Extra Milk- Extra Maintenance Costs
3% weighting in full TPI formula
HA-USA Feed Efficiency Index
Feed Efficiency Index =(.0028*Milk)+(1.8*Fat)+(2.95*Protein)
-(.0276*Milk)-( .64*Fat)-( .77*Protein) -(7.44*Body Size Composite)
-0.5% weight on size in full TPI formula
Feed Efficiency, FeedPRO and TPI
Index Prot DPR SCS PL UDC Body Sz
Stature
Feed Efficiency +.84 -.04 -.06 +.29 -.19 -.17 -.17FeedPRO +.62 +.44 -.35 +.72 +.16 -.32 -.28TPI +.60 +.43 -.42 +.68 +.25 -.02 +.01
Correlation between Indexes and various traits
Ideal Commercial Cow Index
ICC$ = Wt1 x Prod Efficiency $ + Wt2 x Health $ + Wt3 x Fertility and Fitness $ + Wt4 x Milking Ability $ + Wt5 x Calving Ability $
Feed PRO Selection Results(as compared to industry average bulls)
Index Milk Fat Prot DPR PL Stat UDCTop-50 FP + ++ + + + - +Top-50 ICC$ + + + ++ +++ - - -Top-50 NM + ++ + + ++ - -Top-50 TPI + + + + + 0 ++Industry Avg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
New Indexes from CDN• Revised LPI
– 40% Production, 40% Type, 20% Fitness• New index called Pro$
– Index focused on commercial producers– Formulated based on traits most correlated
to profit generated through first 6 lactations using a DHI profit function.
– Less production, less %’s, less type, more health and fertility.
Sire Ranking with new LPI
Sire Ranking with Pro$
A2 Milk
• Beta casein makes up about 30% of the protein in cow’s milk.
• There are 13 known genetic variations of the beta casein protein.
• A1 and A2 are the most common variants.• When humans digest A1 milk we produce
metabolites the may cause “problems”.
Bull Genotypes
• Animals have 2 sets of chromosomes so they will have 2 genes that determine the type of beta casein they produce.
• Cows with 1 A1 gene and 1 A2 gene will produce milk with a mixture of A1 and A2 beta casein protein.
• Cows that produce no A1 beta casein protein are “preferred” (A2A2 genotype).
a2 Milk Company
• The a2 Milk Company is now marketing a2 milk in the western US.
• Also being marketed in New Zealand, Australia, UK and China.
• The claim is that a2 milk will reduce the digestive discomfort that some experience when consuming milk.
New Testing for Bulls
• Routine test only identifies the A1 variant from all others.
• The a2 Milk Company has a more specific test that will identify a bull’s specific genotype.
• In the future we may see genotypes like A3, A4, B, C, D, etc.
• Bulls that are confirmed to be true A2A2 will be identified in future sire summaries.
Holstein TPI Trend(All Major AI Organizations)
200620072008200920102011201220132014201520161400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
15151584
16841728
1885
2006
2112
2273
2381
16201700
17901841
1979
2115
2214
23582447
17291795
18851950
2073
2208
2304
24322510
2177
2322
2517
2365
26132526
26512691
2749
25th %ile Median Linear (Median)
Birth Year
More Rapid Genetic progress
Jersey JPI Trend(All AI Organizations)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
-25 -25
317
6270
103
129141
7 14
42 45
94 98
130147
161
3947
7482
123 117
153168
178
140157
193
162
242
185
234 238 245
25th %ile Median Linear (Median)
Birth Year
Graduates by gTPI Decile 2009%ile Rank # of Graduates Graduation Rate
90 14 43.8%
80 6 18.2%
70 4 12.1%
60 1 3.0%
50 2 6.1%
40 1 3.0%
30 3 9.1%
20 0 0
10 0 0
0 0 0
329 B&W PGA-sampled Holsteins
Cheerio
P MartyMizzouMcfly
Graduates by gTPI Decile 2010%ile Rank # of Graduates Graduation Rate
90 13 43.3%
80 7 22.6%
70 3 9.7%
60 3 10.0%
50 1 3.2%
40 2 6.4%
30 1 3.3%
20 2 6.4%
10 0 0%
0 1 3.2%
307 B&W PGA-sampled Holsteins
Sabathia
Gerry, Tiago
Montney
Graduates by gTPI Decile 2011%ile Rank # of Graduates Graduation Rate
90 11 45.8%
80 3 12.5%
70 2 8.0%
60 2 8.3%
50 2 8.0%
40 3 12.5%
30 2 8.3%
20 0 0%
10 0 0%
0 2 8.0%
244 B&W PGA-sampled Holsteins
DraperBrokaw
TalbotBrickFangBradnickKennard
Calving Ease Genomic Evaluations
• Compared April ‘14 to April ‘15 CE evaluations for genomic young sires.
• Average change going from 0 calvings to >200 was +0.3.
Number of Calvings % that go up >0.5
% that go up >1.0
< 50 calvings 35% 17%200 to 400 calvings 16% 3%
PTA Changes for PGA bulls sampled in 2010 (286 bulls – August 2011 to April 2015)
PercentileRank
Ave TPI Change
Ave endingTPI % Rank
Ave NM$Change
Ave endingNM$ Rank
90 -200 85 -140 89
80 -171 73 -118 78
70 -185 61 -136 63
60 -164 58 -126 60
50 -167 47 -122 50
40 -126 49 -115 45
30 -145 37 -107 38
20 -95 40 -92 33
10 -111 26 -79 27
0 -70 20 -65 13
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
Holstein Young Sires - Change in TPI
-800
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
Holstein Proven Sires - Change in TPIComparison of change for the Top 100 Holstein Proven Sires for TPI and the Top 100 Holstein Young Sires for TPI in Apr 2011 with their TPI for Apr 2015
Average Change -237 TPI+199 to -723
Average Change -45 TPI+228 to -448
Holstein Active AI – TPI Comparison
Apr. 11 Apr. 151700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
19911946
2271
2034
Avg. TPI - Top 100 Proven Sires
Avg. TPI - Top 100 Young Sires
Average change of -33 JPI(+33 to -98)
Average change of -51 JPI(+38 to -149)
Comparison of change for the Top 50 Jersey Proven Sires for JPI and the Top 50 Jersey Young Sires for JPI in April 2011 with their JPI for April 2015
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
Jersey Proven Sires - Change in JPI
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
Jersey Young Sires - Change in TPI
Jersey Active A.I. - JPI Comparison
Apr-11 Apr-150
25
50
75
100
125
150
94
61
138
87
Avg JPI: Top 50 JPI Proven Sires
Avg JPI: Top 50 JPI Young Sires
