genetics review 23 how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
TRANSCRIPT
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Genetics Review
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23
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
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Gregor Mendel
Who is considered the father of genetics?
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2 Brown: 2 Blue
In huskies, brown eyes are dominant over blue. If a blue-eyed female mates with a heterozygous brown-eyed male, what will the phenotypic ratios of their offspring be?
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Gene
A _______ is a section of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait.
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Phenotype
The _________ is the physical characteristic of an organism.
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1 Red: 2 Pink: 1 White
In carnations, red and white petals are incomplete dominant. If a pink carnation is crossed with another pink carnation, what would be the phenotypic ratios of the resulting offspring?
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Trait
A ________ is a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.
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Principle of Dominance
“Some alleles are dominant and some are recessive” describes which of Mendel’s 3 Laws?
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Incomplete Dominance
________ creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other.
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XCXc vs. XcY; males only get one option, and they can’t be carriers
Why is it that a male child is more likely to inherit a sex-linked disorder, such as colorblindness than is his sister?
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Heterozygous
Has two different alleles for a particular trait; hybrid
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Allele
A(n) ________ is a form of a gene.
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2 Dark Gray: 2 Speckled
In Harbor Seals, light gray fur is Codominant to dark gray fur. If a female dark and light gray speckled seal mates with a male dark gray seal, what would be the phenotypic ratios of their resulting pups?
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C. Four haploid daughter cells
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of
A. Two haploid cellsB. Four diploid daughter cellsC. Four haploid daughter cellsD. Two diploid cells
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Multiple Alleles
Three or more versions exist for a particular trait.
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Recessive
A ________ trait is one that will only appear in the phenotype if the organism inherits two of them
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Principle of Segregation
During gamete formation, alleles are separated from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene. This describes which of Mendel’s 3 Laws?
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True-Breeding
Inherited two identical alleles for a given trait; homozygous or purebred
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Sex-Linked
Trait related to a gene that is found on the X or Y chromosome
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Frankie
Sally, an O blood type female and Chuck, an AB blood type male have 2 children together and have adopted a third child. The children’s blood types are as follows: Brad is A blood type, Karen is B blood type, and Frankie is O blood type. Which of the 3 children is adopted?
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Independent Assortment
Principle that genes do not influence each other’s inheritance because they are separated independently during meiosis
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Codominance
Both genes contribute to the phenotype of the organism, ex: spotted or striped
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Gamete
A ________ is a sex cell; sperm or egg.
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1 unaffected female: 1 carrier female: 1 unaffected male: 1 male hemophiliac
Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked trait. If a female carrier for the disease marries an unaffected male, what will be the phenotypic ratios of their children?
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Probability
________ is the likelihood an event will occur.
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Hybrid
A(n) ________ is an offspring of a cross between parents with different traits; heterozygous
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Dominant
Trait that will show up in an organism’s phenotype if present at all in the organism’s genotype
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Yes
Mark, a male with normal vision, and Allison, a female carrier for color-blindness, have recently had a son together. Assuming that color-blindness is recessive and sex-linked, is it possible that their son will be color-blind?
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Genotype
An organism’s ________ is its genetic makeup for a particular trait.
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Homozygous
Has two identical alleles for a particular trait; true-breeding or purebred
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Punnett Square
A _________ is a diagram that shows the possible results of a genetic cross
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9 short-haired, bushy-tailed: 3 short-haired, flat-tailed: 3 long-haired, bushy-tailed: 1 long-haired,
flat-tailed
In squirrels, short hair is dominant over long hair, and bushy tails are dominant over flat ones. If 2 heterozygous short-haired and heterozygous bushy-tailed squirrels mate, what will be the phenotypic ratios of their resulting offspring? (Dihybrid)
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Law of Independent Assortment
Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. This describes which of Mendel’s 3 Laws?
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Segregation
________ is the separation of alleles during meiosis or gamete formation.
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Polygenic
A ________ trait is one controlled by two or more genes.
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2 carrier females: 2 affected males
Sickle-cell anemia is a recessive sex-linked disorder. If a female with the disease marries an unaffected male, what will be the phenotypic ratios of their children?
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Pea Plants
On what organisms did Gregor Mendel do his hereditary experiments?